Method for improving soil with continuous cropping obstacles and improving quality of brassica rapa var. pekinensis

Abstract

The application provides a method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving quality of Chinese kale, comprising the following steps: selecting Chinese kale obstacle soil for five years, crushing the hardening layer, adjusting the soil pH, ploughing the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm, and layering the soil after 72 h; the soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm is the surface layer, and the composite microbial agent and organic-mineral complex are applied to the layer; 15-30 cm is the bottom layer, and the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to the layer; installing a greenhouse and irrigation supporting facilities in the improved soil area; planting Chinese kale seedlings, irrigating micro-nano bubble water every two days, and removing the Chinese kale after 42 days. Through the synergistic effect of the composite microbial agent, organic-mineral complex and other substances, the soil physical and chemical properties are significantly improved, the growth index of Chinese kale is significantly improved, the SPAD value is increased, and the photosynthetic capacity is enhanced, which shows that the application has a significant promoting effect on the growth of Chinese kale and the repair of continuous cropping obstacle soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil remediation technology, specifically relating to a method for improving the quality of Hangzhou cabbage by modifying soil with continuous cropping obstacles. Background Technology

[0002] As an important form of modern agriculture, facility agriculture enables year-round crop production through environmental control technologies such as greenhouses and polytunnels, significantly improving land utilization and economic benefits. However, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles caused by long-term monoculture has become increasingly prominent, becoming a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of facility agriculture. Continuous cropping obstacles generally refer to the phenomenon of soil quality deterioration, crop growth stunting, and increased pests and diseases caused by continuously planting the same crop on the same plot. Continuous cropping obstacles are mainly manifested in the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties (salinization, acidification, and decline in organic matter), microbial community imbalance (enrichment of pathogens and reduction of beneficial bacteria), and accumulation of autotoxic substances (such as phenolic compounds). These three factors interact to form a vicious cycle, leading to reduced crop yield, decreased quality, and even crop failure.

[0003] To address this challenge, scholars both at home and abroad have proposed a variety of improved technologies, mainly including physical restoration, chemical restoration, biological restoration, and integrated restoration technologies. Physical remediation includes high-temperature steam sterilization, crop rotation and fallow, and topsoil replacement. While these technologies can alleviate soil compaction in the short term, they are energy-intensive, costly, and cannot restore soil biological activity or block the chemical causes of continuous cropping obstacles. Chemical methods mainly use soil disinfectants (such as chloropicrin and thiamethoxam) and pH regulators, which can quickly kill pathogens and adjust pH in the short term. However, chemical remediation has drawbacks such as high residual toxicity and damage to soil microbial ecology. In addition, chemical agents cannot degrade autotoxic substances and cannot fundamentally improve the soil microenvironment. Bioremediation is based on microbial agents and organic amendments. However, single agents have drawbacks such as low colonization rate and limited function. In recent years, integrated remediation has attempted to combine multiple methods. However, existing integrated technologies are mostly limited to simple superposition and lack synergistic design between components. For example, the mixed application of biochar and microbial agents can easily lead to the adsorption and inactivation of microorganisms, and the stratified remediation structure is coarse (only divided into surface and bottom layers), making it impossible to accurately control the physicochemical and biological processes of different soil layers. More importantly, existing technologies generally neglect the optimization of soil gas exchange and water transport, making it difficult to sustain remediation effects.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical bottlenecks, this invention proposes an integrated "layered-synergistic-dynamic" remediation system. Through material innovation and structural design, it achieves safe and efficient improvement of soils with continuous cropping obstacles. By integrating layered functional materials, porous ventilation structures, and oxygen micro-nano water technology, it overcomes the challenge of synergistic regulation of "salt-bacteria-toxicity" in the treatment of continuous cropping obstacles, providing a brand-new solution for the sustainable development of facility agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The application provides a method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving quality of Chinese kale, and the method combines hierarchical repair, porous ceramic pipe ventilation system and micro-nano oxygen water irrigation to form a whole-chain repair system of "physical structure improvement-microbial regulation-gas / water dynamic management", so that the continuous cropping obstacle soil can be safely and efficiently repaired, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are significantly improved, and the growth of plants is promoted.

[0006] The application adopts the technical scheme of the following method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving quality of Chinese kale.

[0007] (1) selecting Chinese kale obstacle soil with a continuous cropping time of five years, first crushing the hardening layer, spraying a pH regulator, plowing the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm, adjusting the pH of the soil to 6.0-7.0, and then layering the soil after 72 hours;

[0008] (2) dividing the soil into two layers, 0-15 cm as the surface layer, and applying a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex to the surface layer; and 15-30 cm as the bottom layer, and applying an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particle to the bottom layer;

[0009] (3) installing a greenhouse framework in the improved soil area, covering and fixing a film, and installing irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse;

[0010] (4) planting Chinese kale seedlings, irrigating the seedlings with micro-nano bubble water every two days, and removing the Chinese kale after 42 days.

[0011] Further, the pH regulator in the step (1) includes calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2.

[0012] Further, the application amount of the composite microbial agent, the organic-mineral complex and the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particle in the step (2) is 10-20 kg / acre, 400-550 kg / acre and 180-220 kg / acre respectively.

[0013] Further, the composite microbial agent in the step (2) includes Torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium fulvate.

[0014] Further, the volume ratio of the Torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor and the enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent.

[0015] Further, the preparation method of the organic-mineral complex in step (2) is as follows: humic acid, coffee by-product extract and sodium alginate are dissolved in deionized water, the solid-liquid ratio is 1:8, and stirring is carried out in a water bath at 60 DEG C until complete dissolution, forming an organic phase solution, then nano-montmorillonite is added into the organic phase solution, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30 min, forming a stable suspension, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid: coffee by-product extract: sodium alginate: nano-montmorillonite is 2:1:2:5; the inlet temperature of the spray dryer is adjusted to 140 DEG C, the outlet temperature is 75 DEG C, the feeding speed is 8 mL / min, and the atomization pressure is 0.3 MPa for drying, and the organic-mineral complex is obtained.

[0016] Further, the preparation steps of the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles in step (2) are as follows:

[0017] S1: The expanded perlite with a particle size of 4 mm is soaked in a silane coupling agent ethanol solution with a concentration of 5%, ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 60 DEG C for 30 min, and centrifugal drying is carried out, so that the modified expanded perlite is obtained; polyacrylamide is dissolved in deionized water, ammonium persulfate and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide are added, and stirring is carried out until complete dissolution, so that a polyacrylamide premix solution with a concentration of 5% is obtained, wherein the addition amount of ammonium persulfate is 0.1% of the mass of the polyacrylamide premix solution, and the addition amount of N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide is 0.05% of the mass of the polyacrylamide premix solution;

[0018] S2: The modified expanded perlite is immersed into the polyacrylamide premix solution according to the mass ratio of 7:3, vacuum negative pressure treatment is carried out at-0.08 MPa for 20 min, and the soaked modified expanded perlite is transferred to an oven at 60 DEG C, and reaction is carried out for 2 h, so that the polyacrylamide is crosslinked on the surface and in the pores of the perlite to form a three-dimensional network structure, and the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide composite layer is formed;

[0019] S3: The ammonium polyphosphate powder is mixed with a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 2% according to the mass ratio of 1:5, a viscous suspension is formed, the suspension is sprayed on the surface of the composite layer, the spraying amount is 20 g / m 2 , and drying and curing are carried out at 40 DEG C, so that the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are obtained.

[0020] Further, the temperature of the greenhouse in step (3) is 18-28 DEG C, and the humidity is 70-80% RH.

[0021] Further, the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen of the micro-nano bubble water in step (4) is 8.2 mg / L.

[0022] The application also discloses application of the method in planting Chinese cabbage.

[0023] The application will be described in more detail below.

[0024] In some embodiments, the application also provides a porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost, which has a length of 30 cm, a diameter of 2 cm, a porosity of 55%, and an average pore size of 100 μm; and is vertically buried in soil at a dosage of 200-300 roots per mu.

[0025] More specifically, the porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost has a mass of mature compost of 35 g per root.

[0026] More specifically, the method for preparing the porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost is as follows:

[0027] S1: ultrasonic cleaning of the porous ceramic tube at 40 kHz for 30 min to remove pore impurities, drying, 121 ℃ high-pressure steam sterilization for 20 min, immersion in a silane coupling agent ethanol solution with a concentration of 5% for 1 h to enhance organic fertilizer adsorption;

[0028] S2: ball milling of the mature compost to a particle size of <100 μm, mixing the compost powder and a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 1% at a mass ratio of 9:1 to form a viscous slurry;

[0029] S3: complete immersion of the porous ceramic tube treated in S1 in the viscous slurry, vacuum extraction to -0.09 MPa, holding for 15 min, discharge of air in the pores, slow release of vacuum, standing for 3 min, use of the negative pressure difference to make the slurry penetrate into the pores, immersion of the ceramic tube after impregnation in a chitosan-glycerol solution with a concentration of 1% for 3 s, taking out, and air drying at 40 ℃ for 1 h to obtain the porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The application uses calcium carbonate and diatomite to adjust the pH value of the soil with continuous cropping obstacles, the calcium carbonate quickly neutralizes soil acidity, the diatomite adsorbs excess H + and releases calcium ions, cooperatively adjusts the pH to 6.0-7.0, and the microporous structure of diatomite improves soil permeability, creating a suitable acid-base environment for microbial activity and root growth of Brassica rapa, and relieving continuous cropping obstacles.

[0032] (2) The compound microbial inoculant of the present application comprises a plurality of beneficial microorganisms, such as Torulopsis sp. fermentation broth, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth and enzymatic earthworm liquid, which can activate soil nutrients, inhibit diseases and promote growth through triple synergistic effect: Trichoderma harzianum secretes chitinase to directly lyse pathogenic bacteria cell wall, Torulopsis sp. competes for space in the rhizosphere to block Fusarium infection, and the growth hormone in the earthworm enzymatic liquid activates the development of Brassica rapa roots, and cooperates with potassium fulvate to improve the efficiency of nutrient migration and inhibit pathogenic bacteria; at the same time, potassium fulvate can chelate trace elements to improve the efficiency of chlorophyll synthesis, so that the SPAD value of Brassica rapa is improved; the organic-mineral complex is composed of humic acid, coffee by-product extract, seaweed extract and nano-montmorillonite, which can build an "adsorption-slow release-water retention" network: the nano-montmorillonite interlayer structure fixes the self-toxic phenolic acid, the humic acid-seaweed colloid forms a water stable aggregate with good adsorption and slow release, which can improve soil structure, increase soil porosity and water retention, and at the same time slowly release nutrients, the coffee by-product extract provides carbon source to meet the growth demand of Brassica rapa, and improves soil fertility and disease resistance.

[0033] (3) The compound granule of the present application adopts silane modified perlite to load cross-linked polyacrylamide, the three-dimensional network structure formed by polyacrylamide can adsorb and retain water, improve the water retention capacity of soil, and at the same time reduce the downward infiltration of bottom water, sodium alginate coated ammonium polyphosphate powder forms an ion barrier to realize slow release of phosphorus, and expanded perlite forms aeration channels to optimize soil porosity and ensure the oxygen demand of Brassica rapa roots, the three synergistically enhance the air permeability and long-acting fertilizer capacity of the bottom soil, alleviate the problem of soil nutrient imbalance caused by continuous cropping, and promote the increase of root penetration depth.

[0034] (4) The porous ceramic tube of the present application vertically penetrates two layers of soil, the porous ceramic tube prolongs the slow release period of compost potassium through negative pressure adsorption, improves the available potassium in deep soil, and uses chitosan-glycerol membrane controlled release organic matter to build a "water-fertilizer-microorganism" vertical channel, which promotes the gas exchange between soil and the outside world, enhances the aeration of soil, prevents nutrient loss at the same time, and promotes the increase of Brassica rapa root penetration depth; the humus in straw-livestock manure compost forms a "nutrient storage" with the micro-pores of the ceramic tube, which can realize sustained supply of potassium required for Brassica rapa growth compared with surface fertilization, further optimize the soil microbial community structure, promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity and disease resistance of soil, and effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of Brassica rapa.

[0035] (5) The micro-nano bubble water of the present application has high dissolved oxygen mass concentration (8.2 mg / L), which can strengthen root aerobic respiration, promote mineral element absorption and chlorophyll synthesis, increase the fresh weight of Brassica rapa, inhibit the reproduction of anaerobic harmful bacteria, and reduce the incidence of continuous cropping diseases; micro-nano bubbles release active oxygen by breaking, which can oxidize and degrade phenolic acid self-toxic substances, and at the same time, super-high dissolved oxygen stimulates the proliferation of rhizosphere aerobic bacteria.

[0036] (6) The application divides the continuous cropping obstacle soil into a surface layer of 0-15 cm and a bottom layer of 15-30 cm, and applies different improvement materials respectively, forming a synergistic system of "promoting growth in the upper layer and stably supplying in the lower layer", realizing the precision and stratification of soil improvement; the surface layer is applied with a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex, which can quickly improve the biological activity and fertility of the soil surface layer, promote the early growth and nutrient absorption of the Chinese kale root system; the bottom layer is applied with an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particle, which can optimize the structure and nutrient supply of the deep soil layer, enhance the water retention and air permeability of the soil, and provide a good environment for the downward growth of the root system; this layered improvement method can fully exert the advantages of each improvement material, synergistically improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Chinese kale, and improve the comprehensive fertility of the soil and the growth quality of Chinese kale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

[0038] The embodiments of the present application are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. The present application can also be implemented or applied by other different specific embodiments, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in the specification without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0039] The selected Chinese kale of the present application is "Suteng 236", and the commercial seedlings of Chinese kale are purchased from Shandong Shouguang Innovative Seed Co., Ltd. The height of Chinese kale seedlings is 7-8 cm and has 2-3 true leaves; the JXWNP-AL02 micro-nano bubble generator is purchased from Shanghai Jinxiang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.; the Torulopsis sp. is purchased from Shanghai Qianjie Biological Technology Co., Ltd., and the Trichoderma harzianum is purchased from Shanghai Jinxiang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., and the effective viable bacterial number of the two strains is ≥6×10 8 CFU / mL; the enzymatic earthworm concentrated protein liquid is provided by Hebei Dikang Technology Co., Ltd.; the potassium fulvate is provided by Shanxi Tongshunyuan Humic Acid Co., Ltd.; the coffee by-product extract includes dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid), soluble sugar and protein; the porous ceramic tube loaded with decomposed compost is a straw-livestock manure mixed compost.

[0040] The continuous cropping obstacle soil was from the test field of Shanghai Qingpu District Weiyu Vegetable Planting Professional Cooperative, and the physical and chemical properties of the test field soil were determined, and the results are as follows Table 1:

[0041] Table 1 Basic physical and chemical indexes of test field soil

[0042]

[0043] Example 1 Preparation of organic-mineral complex

[0044] Humic acid, coffee by-product extract chlorogenic acid and sodium alginate were dissolved in deionized water, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:8, and stirring was carried out in a 60℃ water bath until complete dissolution, forming an organic phase solution, nano-montmorillonite was added to the organic phase solution, ultrasonic dispersion was carried out for 30min, forming a stable suspension, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid: coffee by-product extract chlorogenic acid: sodium alginate: nano-montmorillonite was 2:1:2:5; the inlet temperature of the spray dryer was adjusted to 140℃, the outlet temperature was 75℃, the feeding speed was 8mL / min, and the atomization pressure was 0.3MPa for drying, and the organic-mineral complex was obtained.

[0045] Example 2 Preparation of expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles

[0046] S1: The expanded perlite with a particle size of 4mm was soaked in a silane coupling agent ethanol solution with a concentration of 5%, and ultrasonic treatment was carried out at 60℃ for 30min, and then centrifugal drying was carried out, to obtain modified expanded perlite; polyacrylamide was dissolved in deionized water, ammonium persulfate and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide were added, and stirring was carried out until complete dissolution, to obtain a polyacrylamide premix solution with a concentration of 5%, wherein the addition amount of ammonium persulfate was 0.1% of the mass of the polyacrylamide premix solution, and the addition amount of N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide was 0.05% of the mass of the polyacrylamide premix solution;

[0047] S2: The modified expanded perlite was immersed in the polyacrylamide premix solution according to a mass ratio of 7:3, vacuum negative pressure treatment was carried out at-0.08MPa for 20min, and then the impregnated modified expanded perlite was transferred to a 60℃ oven, and reaction was carried out for 2h, so that the polyacrylamide was crosslinked on the surface and in the pores of the perlite to form a three-dimensional network structure, to form an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide composite layer;

[0048] S3: The ammonium polyphosphate powder was mixed with a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 2% according to a mass ratio of 1:5, to form a viscous suspension, the suspension was sprayed on the surface of the composite layer, the spraying amount was 20g / m 2 , and drying and curing were carried out at 40℃, to obtain expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles.

[0049] Example 3 Preparation of porous ceramic tube loaded with mature compost

[0050] S1: Select a porous ceramic tube with a length of 30 cm, a diameter of 2 cm, a porosity of 55%, and an average pore size of 100 μm. Ultrasonically clean the porous ceramic tube at 40 kHz for 30 min to remove pore impurities. Dry and sterilize at 121 ℃ for 20 min. Soak in a 5% silane coupling agent ethanol solution for 1 h to enhance organic fertilizer adsorption.

[0051] S2: Ball mill the compost to a particle size of <100 μm. Mix the compost powder with a 1% sodium alginate solution at a mass ratio of 9:1 to form a viscous slurry.

[0052] S3: Completely immerse the porous ceramic tube treated in S1 in the viscous slurry. Vacuum to -0.09 MPa and maintain for 15 min to expel air from the pores. Slowly release the vacuum and stand for 3 min. Use the negative pressure difference to allow the slurry to penetrate the pores. After immersion, immerse the ceramic tube in a 1% chitosan-glycerol solution for 3 s. After removal, air dry at 40 ℃ for 1 h to obtain a porous ceramic tube loaded with 35 g of compost per root.

[0053] Example 4: A method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving the quality of Brassica campestris L. var. parachinensis Bailey

[0054] (1) Select a continuous cropping obstacle soil of Brassica campestris L. var. parachinensis Bailey for five years. First, break up the hardpan layer and spray a pH adjuster. The pH adjuster comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite at a mass ratio of 1:2. Till the soil to a depth of 30 cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.0. After 72 h, stratify the soil.

[0055] (2) Divide the soil into two layers. The 0-15 cm layer is the surface layer, to which a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied. The composite microbial agent comprises a Torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, a Trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, an enzymatic earthworm liquid, and water-soluble potassium fulvate. The volume ratio of the Torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, and the enzymatic earthworm liquid is 1:1:2. The content of water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent. The application amount of the composite microbial agent is 10 kg / acre. The application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 400 kg / acre. The 15-30 cm layer is the bottom layer, to which an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particle is applied at an amount of 180 kg / acre. Meanwhile, load the porous ceramic tube with compost into the soil vertically at an amount of 200 roots / acre.

[0056] (3) Install a greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse. The temperature of the greenhouse is 18 ℃, and the humidity is 70% RH.

[0057] (4) Planting of Chinese cabbage seedlings, every two days irrigation dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L micro-nano bubble water, 42 days after the removal of Chinese cabbage.

[0058] Example 5 A method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil to improve the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0059] (1) Selecting Chinese cabbage obstacle soil for five years of continuous cropping, first breaking the hardening layer, spraying pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, plowing the soil to a depth of 35 cm, adjusting the soil pH to 6.5, and stratifying the soil after 72 h;

[0060] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm is the surface layer, and a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied to this layer, the composite microbial agent comprising a torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, a trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, an enzymatic earthworm liquid, and a water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of the torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, and the enzymatic earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent, the application amount of the composite microbial agent is 15 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 450 kg / mu; 15-30 cm is the bottom layer, and an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particle is applied to this layer, and the application amount is 200 kg / mu; at the same time, a porous ceramic tube loaded with compost is vertically buried, and the amount used is 220 roots / mu;

[0061] (3) Installing a greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, covering and fixing the film, and installing irrigation supporting facilities at the same time, to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 20℃, and the humidity is 75% RH;

[0062] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, every two days irrigation dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L micro-nano bubble water, 42 days after the removal of Chinese cabbage.

[0063] Example 6 A method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil to improve the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0064] (1) Selecting Chinese cabbage obstacle soil for five years of continuous cropping, first breaking the hardening layer, spraying pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, plowing the soil to a depth of 40 cm, adjusting the soil pH to 7.0, and stratifying the soil after 72 h;

[0065] (2) the soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm is the surface layer, the composite microbial inoculant and the organic-mineral complex are applied to the layer, the composite microbial inoculant comprises the torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, the enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid and the water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of the torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor and the enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial inoculant, the application amount of the composite microbial inoculant is 15 kg per mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 500 kg per mu; 15-30 cm is the bottom layer, the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to the layer, and the application amount is 200 kg per mu; meanwhile, the porous ceramic pipes loaded with the mature compost are vertically buried, and the amount is 260 per mu;

[0066] (3) the greenhouse skeleton is installed in the improved soil area, the film is covered and fixed, and the irrigation supporting facilities are installed, so that the greenhouse is built, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 24 DEG C, and the humidity is 75% RH;

[0067] (4) the Chinese flowering cabbage seedlings are planted, the micro-nano bubble water with the dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L is irrigated every two days, and the Chinese flowering cabbage is removed after 42 days.

[0068] Example 7 A method for improving the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage in the soil with continuous cropping obstacles

[0069] (1) the Chinese flowering cabbage soil with continuous cropping for five years is selected, first, the hardening layer is broken, the pH regulator is sprayed, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, the soil is ploughed to a depth of 40 cm, the soil pH is adjusted to 6.5, and the soil is layered after 72 h;

[0070] (2) the soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm is the surface layer, the composite microbial inoculant and the organic-mineral complex are applied to the layer, the composite microbial inoculant comprises the torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, the enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid and the water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of the torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor and the enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial inoculant, the application amount of the composite microbial inoculant is 20 kg per mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg per mu; 15-30 cm is the bottom layer, the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to the layer, and the application amount is 220 kg per mu; meanwhile, the porous ceramic pipes loaded with the mature compost are vertically buried, and the amount is 300 per mu;

[0071] (3) the greenhouse skeleton is installed in the improved soil area, the film is covered and fixed, and the irrigation supporting facilities are installed, so that the greenhouse is built, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28 DEG C, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0072] (4) Planting of Chinese cabbage seedlings, every two days irrigation dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L micro-nano bubble water, 42 days after the removal of Chinese cabbage.

[0073] Example 8 A method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0074] (1) Selecting a Chinese cabbage obstacle soil that has been continuously cropped for five years, first breaking the hardening layer, spraying a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, plowing the soil to a depth of 40 cm, adjusting the soil pH to 6.5, and layering the soil after 72 hours;

[0075] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm is the surface layer, a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied to this layer, the composite microbial agent comprises a torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, a trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, an enzymatic earthworm liquid, and a water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of the torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, the trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, and the enzymatic earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent, the application amount of the composite microbial agent is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu; 15-30 cm is the bottom layer, and an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particle is applied to this layer, and the application amount is 220 kg / mu;

[0076] (3) Installing a greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, covering and fixing a film, and installing irrigation supporting facilities at the same time to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0077] (4) Planting of Chinese cabbage seedlings, every two days irrigation dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L micro-nano bubble water, 42 days after the removal of Chinese cabbage.

[0078] Comparative Example 1 A method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil and improving the quality of Chinese cabbage

[0079] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the surface layer is not applied with a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex.

[0080] (1) Selecting a Chinese cabbage obstacle soil that has been continuously cropped for five years, first breaking the hardening layer, spraying a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, plowing the soil to a depth of 40 cm, adjusting the soil pH to 6.5, and layering the soil after 72 hours;

[0081] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm as the surface layer, which does not apply any substance; 15-30 cm as the bottom layer, which applies expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles, and the application amount is 220 kg / mu; at the same time, 300 porous ceramic pipes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried per mu;

[0082] (3) Install greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install irrigation supporting facilities at the same time, complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0083] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0084] Comparative Example 2: A method for improving the quality of Chinese cabbage in a continuously cropped obstacle soil

[0085] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the bottom layer does not apply expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles.

[0086] (1) Select a Chinese cabbage obstacle soil that has been continuously cropped for five years, first break the hardening layer, spray pH adjuster, wherein the pH adjuster includes calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, till the soil to a depth of 40 cm, adjust the soil pH to 6.5, and layer the soil after 72 h;

[0087] (2) The soil is divided into two layers, 0-15 cm as the surface layer, which applies composite microbial agent and organic-mineral complex, the composite microbial agent includes torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor and enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent, the application amount of the composite microbial agent is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu; 15-30 cm as the bottom layer, which does not apply any substance; at the same time, 300 porous ceramic pipes loaded with mature compost are vertically buried per mu;

[0088] (3) Install greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install irrigation supporting facilities at the same time, complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0089] (4) Planting Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigating with micro-nano bubble water with dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and removing Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0090] Comparative Example 3 A method for improving the quality of Chinese white cabbage in a continuous cropping obstacle soil

[0091] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no substance is applied to the surface layer and the bottom layer.

[0092] (1) Select a Chinese white cabbage obstacle soil that has been continuously cropped for five years. First, break the hardening layer, spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, till the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and adjust the soil pH to 6.5;

[0093] (2) Vertically bury the porous ceramic pipes loaded with mature compost at a dosage of 300 pipes per mu;

[0094] (3) Install a greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and at the same time install irrigation supporting facilities, complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0095] (4) Plant Chinese white cabbage seedlings, irrigate with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and remove the Chinese white cabbage after 42 days.

[0096] Comparative Example 4 A method for improving the quality of Chinese white cabbage in a continuous cropping obstacle soil

[0097] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that no substance is applied to the surface layer and the bottom layer, and no porous ceramic pipes loaded with mature compost are buried.

[0098] (1) Select a Chinese white cabbage obstacle soil that has been continuously cropped for five years. First, break the hardening layer, spray a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, till the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and adjust the soil pH to 6.5;

[0099] (2) Install a greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and at the same time install irrigation supporting facilities, complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0100] (3) Plant Chinese white cabbage seedlings, irrigate with micro-nano bubble water with a dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and remove the Chinese white cabbage after 42 days.

[0101] Comparative Example 5 A method for improving the quality of Chinese white cabbage in a continuous cropping obstacle soil

[0102] The difference between this comparative example and Example 7 is that the irrigation is not micro-nano bubble water but ordinary agricultural water.

[0103] (1) select the five-year-old Chinese cabbage obstacle soil, first broken harden layer, spray pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator includes calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, till the soil to 40 cm depth, adjust the soil pH to 6.5, 72h later, the soil is layered;

[0104] (2) the soil is divided into two layers, 0-15cm is the surface layer, the layer is applied with complex microbial inoculant and organic-mineral complex, the complex microbial inoculant includes torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor and enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the complex microbial inoculant, the application amount of the complex microbial inoculant is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu; 15-30cm is the bottom layer, the layer is applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles, and the application amount is 220 kg / mu; at the same time, the porous ceramic pipe loaded with mature compost is vertically buried, and the amount is 300 roots / mu;

[0105] (3) install the greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install the irrigation supporting facilities at the same time, complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0106] (4) plant Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigate agricultural water every two days, and remove the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0107] Comparative Example 6 A method for improving the quality of Chinese cabbage by improving the continuous cropping obstacle soil

[0108] The difference between the present comparative example and example 7 is that no pH regulator is applied.

[0109] (1) select the five-year-old Chinese cabbage obstacle soil, broken harden layer, till the soil to 40 cm depth;

[0110] (2) the soil is divided into two layers, 0-15cm is the surface layer, the layer is applied with complex microbial inoculant and organic-mineral complex, the complex microbial inoculant includes torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor and enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the complex microbial inoculant, the application amount of the complex microbial inoculant is 20 kg / mu, and the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu; 15-30cm is the bottom layer, the layer is applied with expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles, and the application amount is 220 kg / mu; at the same time, the porous ceramic pipe loaded with mature compost is vertically buried, and the amount is 300 roots / mu;

[0111] (3) Install the greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install the irrigation supporting facilities at the same time, to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0112] (4) Plant the Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigate the micro-nano bubble water with the dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and remove the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0113] Example 8 A method for improving the quality of Chinese cabbage in a soil with continuous cropping obstacles

[0114] The difference between the present example and Example 7 is that the soil is not subjected to the stratification treatment.

[0115] (1) Select the Chinese cabbage soil with continuous cropping obstacles for five years, first break the hardening layer, spray the pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator comprises calcium carbonate and diatomite, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:2, till the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and adjust the soil pH to 6.5;

[0116] (2) After 72 h, apply the composite microbial agent, organic-mineral complex and expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles to the soil surface in turn, the composite microbial agent comprises torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor, enzymatic earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium fulvate, wherein the volume ratio of the torulopsis yeast fermentation liquor, trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquor and enzymatic earthworm liquid is 1:1:2, and the content of the water-soluble potassium fulvate is 6% of the total volume of the composite microbial agent, the application amount of the composite microbial agent is 20 kg / mu, the application amount of the organic-mineral complex is 550 kg / mu, and the application amount of the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles is 220 kg / mu; at the same time, vertically bury the porous ceramic pipes loaded with mature compost, and the amount is 300 per mu;

[0117] (3) Install the greenhouse skeleton in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install the irrigation supporting facilities at the same time, to complete the construction of the greenhouse, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28℃, and the humidity is 80% RH;

[0118] (4) Plant the Chinese cabbage seedlings, irrigate the micro-nano bubble water with the dissolved oxygen mass concentration of 8.2 mg / L every two days, and remove the Chinese cabbage after 42 days.

[0119] The physicochemical indexes of the improved soil of Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples 1-7, and the plant height, root length, aboveground fresh weight, leaf area and SPAD value of the Chinese cabbage planted in Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples 1-7 are determined and analyzed, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0120] Table 2 Basic physicochemical indexes of the improved soil

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] As can be seen from Table 2, the soil physical and chemical indexes of the examples are all better than those of the comparative examples, among which, example 4 is the best. It can be known that the improvement method of the combined use of the composite microbial agent, the organic-mineral complex, the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particle and the porous ceramic tube loaded with the mature compost in combination with the micro-nano bubble water makes the indexes of the continuous cropping soil improve significantly, which shows that the method has a good synergistic improvement effect.

[0124] Table 3: Plant height, root length, aboveground fresh weight, leaf area and SPAD value of Brassica rapa

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] As can be seen from Table 3, the indexes of the Brassica rapa of the examples are all better than those of the comparative examples, among which, example 7 is the best and comparative example 4 is the worst. The auxin secreted by the surface composite microbial agent (Torulopsis globosa + Trichoderma harzianum + enzyme-decomposed earthworm liquid) stimulates the root development, and the organic-mineral complex improves the soil aggregate structure and reduces the resistance of the root system. The plant height and root length of comparative example 4 are lower than those of example 4 due to the lack of the microbial agent and organic matter supplement, which shows that the improvement material promotes the vertical growth of the plant; the aboveground fresh weight and leaf area of example 4 are higher than those of the comparative examples, which is mainly due to the slow-release phosphorus of the bottom expanded perlite-polyphosphoric acid ammonium composite particle and the release of the mature compost potassium from the porous ceramic tube, which promotes the accumulation of the photosynthetic product of the leaf, and the fresh weight of comparative example 2 (without the bottom composite particle) is 149 g, which shows that the bottom nutrient supply has a key influence on the aboveground biomass; the SPAD value of example 4 is the highest, which is attributed to the 6% water-soluble fulvic acid potassium chelated iron, magnesium and other necessary elements for the synthesis of chlorophyll in the composite microbial agent, in combination with the micro-nano bubble water (dissolved oxygen 8.2 mg / L) to enhance the aerobic respiration of the root system and provide energy for the synthesis of chlorophyll.

[0128] The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and to implement it, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of Hangzhou cabbage by modifying soil with continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Select the obstacle soil of Hangzhou Chinese cabbage that has been continuously planted for five years. First, break up the compacted layer and spray pH adjuster. The pH adjuster includes calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:

2. Plow the soil to a depth of 30-40cm and adjust the soil pH to 6.0-7.

0. After 72 hours, the soil is layered. (2) The soil is divided into two layers: the top layer is 0-15cm, and a composite microbial agent and an organic-mineral complex are applied to this layer. The composite microbial agent includes yeast fermentation liquid, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation liquid, enzymatically hydrolyzed earthworm liquid and water-soluble potassium humate; the bottom layer is 15-30cm, and expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are applied to this layer. The organic-mineral composite is prepared as follows: Humic acid, coffee by-product extract, and sodium alginate are dissolved in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:

8. The solution is stirred in a water bath at 60°C until completely dissolved to form an organic phase solution. Nano-montmorillonite is added to the organic phase solution and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes to form a stable suspension. The mass ratio of humic acid:coffee by-product extract:sodium alginate:nano-montmorillonite is 2:1:2:

5. The spray dryer is dried at an inlet temperature of 140°C, an outlet temperature of 75°C, a feed rate of 8 mL / min, and an atomization pressure of 0.3 MPa to obtain the organic-mineral composite. The preparation steps of the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are as follows: S1: Expanded perlite with a particle size of 4 mm was soaked in a 5% silane coupling agent ethanol solution, ultrasonically treated at 60℃ for 30 min, and centrifuged and dried to obtain modified expanded perlite; polyacrylamide was dissolved in deionized water, and ammonium persulfate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide were added and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 5% polyacrylamide premix solution, wherein the amount of ammonium persulfate added was 0.1% of the mass of the polyacrylamide premix solution, and the amount of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide added was 0.05% of the mass of the polyacrylamide premix solution; S2: The modified expanded perlite was immersed in the polyacrylamide premixed solution at a mass ratio of 7:3 and treated under vacuum negative pressure at -0.08 MPa for 20 min. The impregnated modified expanded perlite was then transferred to a 60℃ oven and reacted for 2 h to allow the polyacrylamide to cross-link on the surface and in the pores of the perlite to form a three-dimensional network structure, thus forming an expanded perlite-polyacrylamide composite layer. S3: Mix ammonium polyphosphate powder with a 2% sodium alginate solution at a mass ratio of 1:5 to form a viscous suspension. Spray the suspension onto the surface of the composite layer at a spraying amount of 20 g / m² and dry and cure at 40℃ to obtain expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles. (3) Install the greenhouse frame in the improved soil area, cover and fix the film, and install irrigation facilities to complete the construction of the greenhouse; (4) Plant Hangzhou cabbage seedlings and irrigate them with micro-nano bubble water every two days. Remove the Hangzhou cabbage after 42 days.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the application rates of the composite microbial agent, the organic-mineral composite, and the expanded perlite-polyacrylamide-ammonium polyphosphate composite particles are 10~20 kg / mu, 400~550 kg / mu, and 180~220 kg / mu, respectively.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the volume ratio of *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* fermentation broth, *Trichoderma harzianum* fermentation broth, and enzymatically hydrolyzed earthworm broth is 1:1:2, and the content of water-soluble potassium humate is 6% of the total volume of the compound microbial agent.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the temperature of the greenhouse is 18~28℃ and the humidity is 70~80%RH.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the dissolved oxygen concentration of the micro-nano bubble water is 8.2 mg / L.

6. The application of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 in the cultivation of Hangzhou cabbage.

Images