Green biological soil bedding for improving successive cropping obstacles and preparation method, application and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a green biological soil bedding capable of improving successive cropping obstacles and a preparation method, application and application method.The green biological soil bedding comprises a fiber net layer and a PHA composite layer, the fiber net layer takes plant fiber raw materials as main base materials, the rigidity and supporting force of a mulching film are improved, and therefore the mulching film can be applied to the field of agricultural planting. Collapse deformation caused by gravity or external force in soil is avoided, and the overall stability is enhanced; the PHA composite layer and the fiber net layer have the degradable characteristic, so that after the bedding is used, a carbon source can be continuously provided for beneficial microorganisms in the components, breeding and colonization of the beneficial microorganisms are promoted, convenient conditions are provided for activity and breeding of target bacterial colonies, and in the cooperative work process, growth of pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited, so that the soil micro-ecology is improved, and the soil quality is improved. Continuous cropping obstacles are improved, the yield is increased, various problems caused by traditional mulching film residues are avoided, and green and sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural production, and in particular to a green biological soil mat for improving continuous cropping obstacles, its preparation method, application, and application method. Background Technology

[0002] Continuous cropping obstacles are a core bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of facility agriculture and intensive planting models. Their causes are complex, typically manifesting as a coupling of multiple stresses, including deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, imbalance of microbial flora, accumulation of soil-borne pathogens, and enrichment of autotoxic substances. This systemic imbalance leads to decreased crop productivity, deterioration in quality, and frequent outbreaks of pests and diseases.

[0003] Existing improvement technologies for continuous cropping obstacles mostly follow a single-dimensional approach of "differentiated treatment based on classification," which, while effective to some extent, has significant limitations in terms of systemicity, long-term effectiveness, and operability. For example, physical amendments mainly work by improving soil structure and retaining moisture, but lack the function of actively regulating soil biochemical processes and are difficult to sustainably inhibit pathogens. Chemical / mineral soil conditioners can quickly adjust soil pH or provide mineral nutrients, but their effect on improving soil microbial flora is limited, and excessive use may cause secondary salinization or nutrient imbalance, with effects that are difficult to sustain. Biological improvement measures, especially the application of agricultural microbial agents, are currently a research hotspot. However, exogenous microbial agents often face common problems such as low colonization success rates, unstable functional expression, and short survival periods after being applied to complex and competitive soil environments.

[0004] While conventional agronomic practices (such as crop rotation, fallow, and flooding) are ecologically safe, their application scope and feasibility are greatly limited in the context of scarce arable land resources and production driven by economic benefits.

[0005] Existing biodegradable mulch films or bio-based substrates primarily focus on their physical covering functions (water retention, weed suppression) and ultimate environmental friendliness (degradability). However, their material design is often not deeply integrated with the goals of soil ecological restoration. After these materials degrade as carbon sources, their degradation products may not necessarily promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, and may even induce negative effects due to carbon-nitrogen imbalance or the generation of microplastics.

[0006] In summary, current technologies lack a solution that can synergistically design a "time-space-function" three-in-one approach to improve soil physical structure, regulate chemical properties, and reconstruct biological functions. Specifically, the market urgently needs a new type of agricultural material that not only provides immediate agronomical functions as a physical substrate but also acts as an "active ecological engine," achieving the following in situ in the field: ① providing a protected "micro-habitat" and slow-release carbon source for functional microorganisms, significantly improving their colonization rate and persistence; ② simultaneously releasing trace elements and organic active substances, progressively optimizing the rhizosphere microenvironment; ③ continuously guiding the soil microbiome towards a healthy evolution throughout its degradation cycle through the material's own structural design. This composite functional soil substrate, capable of integrating "physical support, chemical conditioning, and bioremediation" while also being easy to operate and possessing long-lasting slow-release characteristics, has urgent industrial demand and significant technological value for fundamentally solving the systemic problem of continuous cropping obstacles. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the fact that there is no reasonable technical solution in the existing technology to improve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in soil, the present invention provides a solution.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a green biological soil mat for improving continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that it includes a fiber mesh layer and a PHA composite layer, wherein the PHA composite layer is arranged on opposite sides of the fiber mesh layer. The fiber web is made from plant fiber raw materials; The PHA composite layer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Phosphogypsum powder: 10-20 parts; Phosphate rock powder: 1-10 parts; PHA raw material: 1~10 parts; Amino acids: 1-4 parts; Humic acid powder: 1-4 parts; Functional compound microbial inoculant: 4-10 parts; Biocompatible adhesive: 2-6 parts; The biocompatible binder is used to enable the fiber web layer and the PHA composite layer to form an interpenetrating network structure during the hot-press coating process.

[0009] As an improvement of this application, the plant fiber raw material is one or a mixture of several of sisal, sugarcane bagasse, cassava residue, and rice and wheat straw; the amino acid is one or two of γ-polyglutamic acid or polyaspartic acid.

[0010] As an improvement to this application, the mass ratio of PHA raw material to plant fiber raw material is 1:50 to 1:100. As an improvement of this application, the effective viable count of the functional compound microbial agent is 0.2-200 million CFU / g; wherein, the functional compound microbial agent is at least one of Bacillus belye and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, with Bacillus belye accounting for 80% and the other one or more accounting for 20%.

[0011] As an improvement to this application, the biocompatible binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or soluble starch.

[0012] This application also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned green bio-soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles, comprising the following steps: Fiber web preparation: S1. Weigh the plant fiber raw material, add 0.5-1.0% of its mass of high-temperature composting agent to the plant fiber raw material, ferment it by turning and turning at 55-65℃ for 10-15 days, and then dry and crush it into a first mixture with a particle size of 0.1-10mm. S12. The first mixture is hot-pressed at 5-20 MPa to obtain the fiber web layer with a thickness of 0.05-2 cm. The hot-pressing temperature is 80-140℃ and the holding time is 10-30 seconds. Preparation of PHA composite slurry: S21. The functional compound microbial agent is mixed with amino acids, humic acid powder, phosphogypsum powder and phosphate rock powder in a certain proportion to obtain a primary mixed powder with a pH value of 5.5-9.0. S22. The primary mixed powder, PHA raw material and biocompatible binder are homogenized and mixed in a preset ratio to obtain PHA composite slurry. The mixing speed is 100-150 rpm, the time is 10-30 minutes, and the temperature is 25-60℃. Padding preparation: Using both sides of the fiber mesh layer as the coating substrate, the PHA composite slurry is coated or sprayed at 60-90℃ to obtain a PHA composite layer with a thickness of 0.01-0.05cm. The coating speed is 5-15 m / min, the drying temperature is 60-85℃, and the time is 2-5 minutes. After drying, the green biological soil mat can be obtained.

[0013] As an improvement of this application, the prepared green biological soil mat has a compressive strength ≥5MPa, a thickness of 0.07-3cm, and is dried in an environment of 45-50℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%.

[0014] It also provides an application of green bio-soil mats for improving continuous cropping obstacles in planting, as described in any of the foregoing examples.

[0015] The application of a green bio-soil mat for improving continuous cropping obstacles, as described in any of the foregoing, in improving soils with continuous cropping obstacles is also provided.

[0016] A method for applying green biological soil mulch to improve continuous cropping obstacles as described above is also provided, the steps of which include: This ensures that the green biological mat adheres closely to the soil surface; when used in soils with continuous cropping obstacles for Solanaceae crops, the recommended application rate is 300-450 kg / mu, and the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-80% of field capacity after application. After application, the green biological mat can increase the soil microbial diversity index by more than 20%.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this invention provides a green biological soil mat for improving continuous cropping obstacles, its preparation method, application, and application method. The green biological soil mat provided in this invention includes a fiber mesh layer and a PHA composite layer. The fiber mesh layer uses plant fiber raw materials as the main base material, which improves the rigidity and support of the mulch film, preventing it from collapsing and deforming in the soil due to gravity or external forces, and enhancing overall stability. The PHA composite layer uses PHA as the base material, giving the mat good flexibility, which can effectively resist external forces such as scratching by agricultural tools and supporting crop roots, ensuring the safety of the mat. The invention ensures the integrity of the soil throughout its lifespan. Furthermore, the PHA and plant fiber raw materials are biodegradable, allowing the substrate to continuously provide a carbon source for beneficial microorganisms after use, promoting their reproduction and colonization. This provides favorable conditions for the activity and reproduction of target microorganisms, and during synergistic action, it inhibits the growth of pathogens, thereby improving soil microecology, alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, increasing yield, and reducing fertilizer use by 30%-60%. It also decomposes gradually in the natural environment, avoiding various problems caused by traditional plastic film residues, and promoting green and sustainable agricultural development. This invention achieves the resource utilization of plant fiber raw materials, and the prepared green biological soil substrate has good mechanical properties, meeting practical application needs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a process step diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection state of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the layers of the present invention.

[0019] The symbols for the main components are explained below: 1. Fiber mesh layer; 2. PHA composite layer; 3. Connecting edge; 4. Recessed part; 5. Reinforcing mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] In the following description, examples and details are given to provide a more in-depth understanding of the invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments are used only to explain the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] It should be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of a feature, whole, step, operation, element, or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0023] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a green biological soil mat for improving continuous cropping obstacles, comprising a fiber mesh layer and a PHA composite layer, wherein the PHA composite layer is arranged on opposite sides of the fiber mesh layer. The fiber web is made from plant fiber raw materials; The PHA composite layer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Phosphogypsum powder: 10-20 parts; Phosphate rock powder: 1-10 parts; PHA raw material: 1~10 parts; Amino acids: 1-4 parts; Humic acid powder: 1-4 parts; Functional compound microbial inoculant: 4-10 parts; Biocompatible adhesive: 2-6 parts.

[0024] In the aforementioned component materials, plant fiber raw materials serve as the skeleton, and the skeleton works synergistically with the PHA raw material, enhancing the skeleton's stability and durability. The PHA composite layer uses polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as the main material, a high-molecular-weight polyester synthesized by microorganisms through fermentation. PHA is a general term for a class of materials that are biodegradable, sometimes written as PHAs. Primarily stored within bacterial cells, it possesses biodegradability, biocompatibility, and controllable physical properties. In this design, it provides excellent shaping capabilities while also allowing for more thorough natural degradation. This avoids secondary pollution to the soil by using a base layer. It's understandable that PHA includes poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB), a lipid carbon source storage compound synthesized by bacteria, belonging to the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family. Therefore, it's evident that because PHA raw materials can be slowly degraded in the soil, they can continuously provide a carbon source for beneficial microorganisms in the components, promoting their reproduction and colonization, providing favorable conditions for the activity and reproduction of target colonies. Furthermore, during the synergistic process, they can inhibit the growth of pathogens, thereby improving the soil microecology and reducing fertilizer use by 30%-60%. In a further embodiment, the plant fiber raw material used for the fiber web layer is one or a mixture of several of the following: sisal, sugarcane bagasse, cassava residue, and rice / wheat straw. Preferably, the above-mentioned plants are used as plant fiber raw materials because they have a high lignocellulose content, which can effectively connect and support other organic materials in the components of this application. The interlacing and interconnecting of the fiber morphology of the plant fiber raw material can prevent the mat from breaking, thus achieving a better laying effect. The amino acid is one or both of γ-polyglutamic acid or polyaspartic acid.

[0025] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of PHA raw material to plant fiber raw material is 1:50 to 1:100; if the mass ratio exceeds the above range, the cost-effectiveness will decrease, and if it is lower than this range, the adhesion effect will not be ideal.

[0026] As an improvement of this application, the effective viable count of the functional compound microbial agent is 0.2-2 billion CFU / g; wherein, the functional compound microbial agent is at least one of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma, with Bacillus velezensis accounting for 80% and the other one or more accounting for 20%. Under the continuous carbon source provided by PHA and the physical protection provided by plant fibers, these microbial agents exhibit significantly improved survival rates and colonization capabilities. They work together to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus and potassium, produce antimicrobial substances, and compete for space, thus helping to improve the biofertility of the applied soil. In the functional composite microbial agent, *Bacillus belye* produces lipopeptide antimicrobial substances, and *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* produces polyglutamic acid. Their mass ratio in the PHA composite layer is 1:0.5-2, synergistically promoting biofilm formation and colonization. In subsequent preparation processes, the functional composite microbial agent is pre-loaded onto porous phosphogypsum powder particles (pore size 0.05-0.5 μm) before being mixed with the PHA raw material. Its survival rate in the PHA composite layer (after 180 days of storage at room temperature) is ≥80%. As an improvement in this application, the biocompatible binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or soluble starch. The degree of substitution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.6-0.9, and the gelatinization temperature range of soluble starch is 60-75℃. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose can form ionic bonds with the calcium-based inorganic phase in the components, enhancing the interfacial bonding strength; while soluble starch can form a uniform encapsulation network after gelatinization, improving the dispersion uniformity of each component. Both interact with the collagen / chitosan matrix through hydrogen bonds, forming a stable three-dimensional composite structure.

[0027] To adapt to different site sizes, soil pads often need to be spliced ​​together during implementation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the fiber mesh layer 1 is provided with extended connecting edges 3 around its perimeter. Several soil pads are spliced ​​together through the connecting edges 3 to form a second expected size, the area of ​​which is larger than the area of ​​the first size. It is easy to understand that the addition of connecting edges 3 can effectively increase the tightness and convenience of the connection. For example, several soil pads can be spliced ​​together through weighting, adhesives, nailing, and other connection methods to achieve complete coverage of the implementation site.

[0028] In a further proposed solution, to better connect multiple soil pads, please refer to the appendix for details on the specific structural form. Figure 2-5In this embodiment, the length of the connecting edge 3 is less than the length of the side; the limiting skeleton has a recess 4 at the position to avoid the connecting edge 3; in any two adjacent soil pads, the connecting edge 3 of one soil pad is embedded into the recess 4 of the other soil pad; it is easy to understand that by the cooperation between the recess 4 and the connecting edge 3, it is easy to achieve a quick "seamless" connection between two adjacent soil pads, without the need for additional weighting, adhesives, nailing and other connection methods, which improves the convenience of use; in a better solution, the length of the connecting edge 3 and the recess 4 are the same; in the same soil pad, the four connecting edges 3 are placed at the corners of the fiber mesh layer 1 in a counterclockwise direction. Under this design, the connection difficulty is reduced and the "seamless" connection effect can be guaranteed. In a further solution, the width of the recess 4 is at least greater than the width of the connecting edge 3, ensuring that the recess 4 has enough margin to accommodate the connecting edge 3, and there will be no exposed connection boundary effect, further improving the "seamless" laying effect.

[0029] In another embodiment, a reinforcing mesh 5 is provided between the fiber mesh layer 1 and any PHA composite layer 2; the reinforcing mesh 5 is made of biodegradable materials such as PHA and PHB, with a mesh size of 0.5-2.0cm, which can effectively increase the overall strength of the mat.

[0030] This application also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned green biological soil substrate, please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 This includes the following steps: Fiber web preparation: S1. Weigh the plant fiber raw material, add 0.5-1.0% of its mass of high-temperature composting agent to the plant fiber raw material, turn and ferment at 55-65℃ for 10-15 days, then dry and crush into a first mixture with a particle size of 0.1-10mm; wherein, the high-temperature composting agent is such as thermophilic actinomycetes or thermophilic Bacillus. S12. The first mixture is hot-pressed at 5-20 MPa to obtain a fiber web layer with a thickness of 0.05-2 cm. Preparation of PHA composite slurry: S21. The functional compound microbial agent is mixed with amino acids, humic acid powder, phosphogypsum powder and phosphate rock powder in a certain proportion to obtain a primary mixed powder with a pH value of 5.5-9.0. S22. The primary mixed powder, PHA raw material and biocompatible binder are homogenized and mixed in a preset ratio to obtain PHA composite slurry. The mixing speed is 100-150 rpm, the time is 10-30 minutes, and the temperature is 25-60℃. Padding preparation: Using both sides of the fiber mesh layer as the coating substrate, the PHA composite slurry is coated or sprayed at 60-90℃ to obtain a PHA composite layer with a thickness of 0.01-0.05cm. The coating speed is 5-15 m / min, the drying temperature is 60-85℃, and the time is 2-5 minutes. After drying, the green biological soil mat can be obtained.

[0031] As an improvement of this application, the prepared green biological soil mat has a compressive strength of ≥5MPa, a thickness of 0.07-3cm, and is dried in an environment of 45-50℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%; if the moisture content is not within the specified range, it will cause the mat to break, and too low a moisture content will increase the difficulty of compaction and increase the cost.

[0032] It also provides an application of any of the aforementioned green biological soil mats in planting, such as for planting tomatoes and potatoes.

[0033] It also provides an application of any of the aforementioned green bio-soil mats in improving soils with continuous cropping obstacles.

[0034] A method for applying green biological soil mulch as described above is also provided, the steps of which include: The green biological mat should adhere closely to the soil surface, and after laying, cover it with a thin layer of soil or substrate of 1-3 cm. When used in soils with continuous cropping obstacles for Solanaceae crops, the recommended dosage is 300-450 kg / mu, and the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-80% of field capacity after laying. After application, the green biological mat can increase the soil microbial diversity index by more than 20%.

[0035] Furthermore, the green biological soil substrate of the present invention can be used in planting as follows: Where green biological soil mulch is needed, dig trenches using specialized tools according to the specifications of the mulch. The depth of the trenches should be 5cm higher than the height of the mulch. Place the mulch into the trenches, using ≥300kg per acre. After evenly spreading, sowing can be done by drilling holes or covering with soil before planting. Alternatively, it can be simply placed around the crops. After planting, in addition to regular planting and maintenance, avoid tilling the area where the mulch is placed. Water sparingly and frequently to help break down the fertilizer structure layer of the mulch, releasing organic fertilizer into the soil and promoting plant growth and development.

[0036] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the preparation examples.

[0037] The *Bacillus belyssus* used in this application is deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) under accession number CGMCC NO.20317; *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens*, model AMMS-JZJF-005, manufactured by Beijing Century Ams Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; *Bacillus licheniformis*, deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center under accession number CGMCC No.24738, with a deposit date of April 21, 2022; *Bacillus subtilis*, model AMMS-JZKC-002, manufactured by Beijing Century Ams Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; *Trichoderma harzianum*, model AMMS-JZHC-095, manufactured by Beijing Century Ams Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and the PHA raw material is PHBH powder from Shanghai Lanjing Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., with a weight-average molecular weight of 600,000 to 800,000 Da, grade BP330, purity of 80%, and particle size range of 0.5 μm to 180 μm.

[0038] Example 1: This application provides a bio-soil substrate, comprising a fiber mesh layer and a PHA composite layer, with PHA composite layers arranged on opposite sides of the fiber mesh layer. The fiber mesh layer is made from plant fiber raw materials, and the composite components of the plant fiber raw materials are sisal, sugarcane bagasse, cassava residue, and rice / wheat straw, in a ratio of 1:1:1:1. The PHA composite layer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphogypsum powder: 10 parts; phosphate rock powder: 1 part; PHA raw material: 1 part; amino acids: 1 part; humic acid powder: 1 part; functional composite microbial agent: 4 parts; biocompatible binder: 2 parts. The amino acid is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the biocompatible binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the functional composite microbial agent consists of Bacillus belye and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a ratio of 4:1.

[0039] The above-mentioned green soil substrate was prepared by the following method: Fiber web preparation: S1. Weigh the plant fiber raw material, add 1.0% of its mass of high-temperature composting bacteria to the plant fiber raw material, turn and ferment at 55℃ for 15 days, then dry and crush into a first mixture with a particle size of 5mm. S12. The first mixture is hot-pressed at 20MPa to form a fiber web with a thickness of 1cm. The hot-pressing temperature is 100℃ and the holding time is 20 seconds. Preparation of PHA composite slurry: S21. The functional compound microbial agent is mixed with amino acids, humic acid powder, phosphogypsum powder and phosphate rock powder in a certain proportion to obtain a primary mixed powder with a pH value of 8.0. S22. The primary mixed powder, PHA raw material and biocompatible binder are homogenized and mixed according to a preset ratio to obtain PHA composite slurry. The mixing speed is 150 rpm, the time is 20 minutes and the temperature is 60℃. Padding preparation: Using both sides of the fiber mesh layer as the coating substrate, PHA composite slurry is coated or sprayed at 60°C to obtain a PHA composite layer with a thickness of 0.05cm. The coating speed is 10 m / min, the drying temperature is 60°C, and the time is 5 minutes. After drying, a green biological soil mat can be obtained.

[0040] The compressive strength of the mat was tested to be 10 MPa.

[0041] Example 2: This embodiment provides a bio-soil substrate, and the specific preparation method is the same as in Example 1. The difference lies in the raw material composition of the bio-soil substrate, which is as follows: The composite components of the plant fiber raw materials are sisal, sugarcane bagasse, cassava residue, and rice and wheat straw, in a ratio of 1:1:1:1. The PHA composite layer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphogypsum powder: 20 parts; phosphate rock powder: 10 parts; PHA raw material: 10 parts; amino acids: 4 parts; humic acid powder: 4 parts; functional composite microbial agent: 10 parts; biocompatible binder: 6 parts. Among them, the amino acid is polyaspartic acid, and the biocompatible binder is soluble starch.

[0042] The compressive strength of the mat was tested to be 12 MPa.

[0043] Example 3: This embodiment provides a bio-soil substrate, and the specific preparation method is the same as in Example 1. The difference lies in the raw material composition of the bio-soil substrate, which is as follows: The composite component of the plant fiber raw material is sisal; the PHA composite layer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphogypsum powder: 15 parts; phosphate rock powder: 5 parts; PHA raw material: 5 parts; amino acids: 2 parts; humic acid powder: 2 parts; functional composite microbial agent: 7 parts; biocompatible binder: 4 parts. The compressive strength of the mat was tested to be 10 MPa.

[0044] Example 4: This embodiment provides a biological soil substrate. The specific preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the functional compound microbial agent contains Bacillus belye and Bacillus licheniformis, and the amino acids are γ-polyglutamic acid and polyaspartic acid in a ratio of 1:1. The compressive strength of the mat was tested to be 10 MPa.

[0045] Example 5: This embodiment provides a biological soil substrate, and the specific preparation method is the same as that in Example 1. The difference is that the functional compound microbial agent contains Bacillus belyssioides and Trichoderma in a ratio of 4:1.

[0046] The compressive strength of the mat was tested to be 10 MPa.

[0047] It is worth noting that in Examples 1-5, if a reinforcing mesh is required, PHA and citrate esters as modifiers are melt-blended before pad preparation. The mixture is then processed into a mesh structure with controllable mesh openings of 0.5-2.0 cm by hot pressing or extrusion molding. Finally, it is heat-treated to shape the mesh, thus preparing a reinforcing mesh that can effectively increase the overall strength of the pad. In specific preparation, the reinforcing mesh can be applied to any surface of the fiber mesh layer by adhesive or hot pressing, so that it can be placed between the fiber mesh layer and any PHA composite layer in the subsequent pad preparation steps.

[0048] Comparative Example 1: The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 1 does not have a PHA composite layer.

[0049] The compressive strength of the mat was tested to be 5 MPa.

[0050] Comparative Example 2: The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that Comparative Example 2 does not contain any functional compound microbial agents.

[0051] The compressive strength of the mat was tested to be 10 MPa.

[0052] Application Example 1: In soils where tomatoes have been continuously cropped for 3 years with a pH < 6.5, organic matter content 1.7%, and microbial diversity index 1.9, the soil mulch of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of this invention was applied at a rate of 350 kg / mu. The specific application method was as follows: after land preparation and ridging, before sowing or transplanting, the soil mulch material was evenly spread and pressed tightly against the soil surface, with the edges firmly compacted. This could be done manually or with a film-laying machine. The control group did not use mulch. Control groups 1 and 2 were also introduced. Control group 1 received an equal amount of microbial inoculant alone, while control group 2 received commercially available biodegradable mulch film composed of PBAT and PLA.

[0053] Table 1

[0054] In summary, compared with Comparative Example 1, Examples 1-5 of the present invention have better compressive strength. Compared with Comparative Example 2, Examples 1-5 of the present invention have higher tomato yield and longer biodegradation time, indicating that the bio-soil mat of the present invention contains fermenting bacteria that can slowly degrade the organic matter in the bio-soil mat for crop absorption and utilization. Under the conditions of high organic matter content and biodiversity index, Examples 1-5 also effectively reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt in tomatoes. In fact, under Examples 4-5, the incidence rate can be maintained at about 5%, and the yield is higher than that of the comparison.

[0055] Application Example 2: The optimal embodiment 4 and the conventional PE film were applied to potato planting sites and compared with open soil as a blank control group. Specifically, three planting strips were prepared and soil with the same parameters was laid on the planting strips. First cultivation: Potato tubers with sprouts are sown in the soil. During the cultivation stage, the temperature, humidity and fertilization frequency are kept consistent. Harvest is carried out at the end of the growing season. Second cultivation: Potato tubers with sprouts are sown in the corresponding original soil. During the cultivation stage, the temperature, humidity and fertilization frequency are kept consistent. At the end of the growing season, the potatoes are harvested. The soil data after the second harvest are as follows: Table 2

[0056] As shown in Table 2, the green biological soil mat prepared by this invention can increase the organic matter in the soil, reduce crop disease incidence, and increase crop yield compared with traditional PE film.

[0057] To fully verify the multifunctionality, universality, and significant technical effects of the green biological soil mulch described in this invention, an extended application verification was conducted for one year on different regions, soils with different obstacle types, and different crops, based on Examples 1-5. The specific scheme and results are summarized below: Application Example 3: To assess the improvement effect on acidification-prone soils, a case study was conducted in South China involving continuous cropping of Chinese cabbage. An open-field vegetable plot in Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, with a pH of 5.2±0.1 (severely acidified in soil conditions) and having been continuously planted with Chinese cabbage for three years, was selected. Two treatment groups were set up: Group T1, which received the soil mulch obtained in Example 4 of this invention at a rate of 350 kg / mu; and Group CK, which served as a blank control group without any mulch. Each group had three replicates arranged in a randomized block design. Soil samples from the 0-20 cm topsoil layer were collected before mulch application (day 0) and on days 30, 60, 90, and 120 after mulch application, and the pH values ​​were measured.

[0058] Implementation method: After preparing the land and making ridges, spread the soil evenly and tightly against the ridge surface, and compact the edges with soil. Then, sow the Chinese cabbage seeds as usual. Except for the treatment differences, the field management of the two groups, such as watering and pest and disease control, was completely identical.

[0059] Table 3

[0060] As shown in Table 3 above, after applying the substrate of this invention, the soil pH value showed a continuous and steady upward trend. By day 90, the soil pH had increased from the initial 5.2 to above 6.4, reaching the suitable growth range (6.0-7.0) for most vegetable crops. This effect is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of phosphogypsum (slightly alkaline) and functional microorganisms (such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which secrete organic acids to regulate micro-pH and promote mineral dissolution) in the substrate, achieving a gentle and long-lasting improvement of acidified soil.

[0061] Application Example 4: To assess the effectiveness of controlling soil-borne diseases caused by biological barriers, a study was conducted in a greenhouse in North China where cucumber wilt is highly prevalent. Experimental Design: A greenhouse in Xingtai, Hebei Province, where cucumbers had been continuously grown for more than 5 years and where the annual incidence of Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum cucumber-specific spp.) exceeded 40%, was selected. Three treatment groups were set up: T2 group, treated with the soil dressing obtained in Example 4 of this invention at a rate of 400 kg / mu; PC group, treated with commercially available Trichoderma fungicide (1 billion CFU / g) at 2 kg / mu + chemical soil disinfectant (horseradish extract) according to local conventional control measures; CK group, as a disease control group without any soil treatment. Each group had three replicates. The incidence of Fusarium wilt was investigated during the peak fruiting period of cucumbers, and the incidence rate and disease index were calculated.

[0062] Implementation method: For group T2, the substrate was laid one week before transplanting; for group PC, the inoculant was mixed into the soil and the soil was fumigated with disinfectant according to the product instructions; for group CK, routine land preparation was carried out. All groups were planted with cucumber seedlings of the same variety and field management was consistent.

[0063] Table 4

[0064] As shown in Table 4 above, the relative control effect of the matting method of this invention on cucumber wilt disease reaches 78.2%, which is significantly better than the control combination of conventional inoculant + chemical disinfection (50.9%). Its mechanism of action is as follows: the PHA in the matting provides a continuous carbon source for antagonistic bacteria such as Bacillus belye, enabling them to colonize and multiply extensively in the rhizosphere; simultaneously, the physical isolation and microecological regulation formed by the matting disrupt the infection chain of pathogens, thus achieving efficient and long-lasting biological control of soil-borne diseases.

[0065] Application Example 5: Universal yield-increasing effect on different crops, selected from East China region, strawberries and solanaceous crops: Experimental Design: Two locations in Jiawang District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, were selected for the experiment, one with strawberry continuous cropping obstacles and the other with tomato crops. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses with continuous cropping obstacles. The treatment group, designated T3, received the soil mulch obtained in Example 3 of this invention (300 kg / mu for strawberries and 350 kg / mu for tomatoes). The control group, designated CK, followed the local conventional planting method (applied with equivalent value of commercial organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer). The yield and quality of the crops in the current season were measured.

[0066] Table 5 A. Strawberry (Variety: 'Hongyan')

[0067] Table 6 B. Tomato (Variety: 'Provence')

[0068] As shown in Tables 5-6 above, the present invention exhibits significant yield-increasing and quality-improving effects on various crops. Its core lies in improving the rhizosphere microenvironment, promoting root development and nutrient absorption, and alleviating continuous cropping stress, thereby allocating more photosynthetic products to fruit growth and quality formation, achieving a balance between "obstacle elimination" and "yield enhancement."

[0069] A data-driven summary of the overall beneficial effects: Based on the effects of the above embodiments in application examples, the green biological soil paving provided by the present invention has achieved the following unexpected and significant technical effects compared with the prior art: At the level of rapid reconstruction of soil microecology, 60 days after application, the number of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus in rhizosphere soil increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude (e.g., from 10^5 CFU / g to 10^7 CFU / g); the soil fungus / bacteria ratio (F / B) decreased by 25-40%, indicating that the soil microbial community has changed from a fungus-dominated disease-susceptible type to a bacteria-dominated healthy type.

[0070] In terms of simultaneous improvement of soil chemical properties, for acidified soils (pH<5.5), the pH value can be steadily increased to the suitable range of 6.0-6.5 within 90-120 days; the soil organic matter content increases by an average of 0.5-1.0 percentage points; the activities of soil urease and phosphatase increase by 35-60% and 20-45% respectively, and the nutrient transformation capacity is significantly enhanced.

[0071] In terms of efficient and green prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, the efficacy against typical soil-borne diseases such as cucumber wilt and tomato bacterial wilt can reach 70-85%, the disease index can be reduced by more than 60%, and the application of chemical pesticides can be reduced by 30-50%.

[0072] Significant effects on crop yield and quality improvement: On crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and strawberries that are prone to continuous cropping obstacles, the average yield increase is 30-40%, and the main quality indicators of fruits (such as soluble solids and vitamin C content) are improved by more than 20%.

[0073] The advantages of this invention are: 1. PHA raw materials and plant fiber raw materials have biodegradable properties. Therefore, the substrate made from these raw materials can continuously provide carbon sources for beneficial microorganisms in the components after use, promoting their reproduction and colonization. This provides convenient conditions for the activity and reproduction of target colonies. In addition, during the synergistic process, it can inhibit the growth of pathogens, thereby improving the soil microecology, alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, increasing yield, and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used by 30%-60%. 2. The reinforcing mesh and fiber mesh layer work together to form a good skeleton structure, which can effectively increase the overall strength of the mat. 3. The recessed part and the connecting edge form a fit, which can facilitate the quick and seamless connection of two adjacent soil pads without the need for additional weighting, adhesives, nails or other connection methods, thus improving the convenience of use.

[0074] 4. This invention, through its ingenious dual-layer structure design of a "fiber mesh layer-PHA composite layer," deeply integrates physical support, chemical conditioning, and bioremediation functions, creating a novel agricultural material with "active ecological engine" properties. It not only effectively addresses the limitations of single technical measures in dealing with continuous cropping obstacles but also achieves integrated "diagnosis, treatment, and maintenance" of obstacle soils through the synergy of materials and biological components, providing a practical and innovative solution for the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

[0075] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely a few specific examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green biological soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: It includes a fiber web layer and a PHA composite layer, wherein the PHA composite layer is arranged on opposite sides of the fiber web layer; The fiber web is made from plant fiber raw materials; The PHA composite layer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: Phosphogypsum powder: 10-20 parts; Phosphate rock powder: 1-10 parts; PHA raw material: 1~10 parts; Amino acids: 1-4 parts; Humic acid powder: 1-4 parts; Functional compound microbial inoculant: 4-10 parts; Biocompatible adhesive: 2-6 parts; The biocompatible binder is used to enable the fiber web layer and the PHA composite layer to form an interpenetrating network structure during the hot-press coating process.

2. The green biological soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant fiber raw material is one or a mixture of several of the following: sisal, sugarcane bagasse, cassava residue, and rice / wheat straw; the amino acid is one or both of γ-polyglutamic acid and polyaspartic acid.

3. The green biological soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the PHA raw material to the plant fiber raw material is 1:50 to 1:

100.

4. The green biological soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective viable count of the functional compound microbial agent is 0.2-2 billion CFU / g; wherein the functional compound microbial agent is at least one of Bacillus belyssus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, with Bacillus belyssus accounting for 80% and the other one or more accounting for 20%.

5. A green biological soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biocompatible binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or soluble starch.

6. A method for preparing a green biological soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Fiber web preparation: S1. Weigh the plant fiber raw material, add 0.5-1.0% of its mass of high-temperature composting agent to the plant fiber raw material, ferment it by turning and turning at 55-65℃ for 10-15 days, and then dry and crush it into a first mixture with a particle size of 0.1-10mm. S12. The first mixture is hot-pressed at 5-20 MPa to obtain the fiber web layer with a thickness of 0.05-2 cm. The hot-pressing temperature is 80-140℃ and the holding time is 10-30 seconds. Preparation of PHA composite slurry: S21. The functional compound microbial agent is mixed with amino acids, humic acid powder, phosphogypsum powder and phosphate rock powder in a certain proportion to obtain a primary mixed powder with a pH value of 5.5-9.

0. S22. The primary mixed powder, PHA raw material and biocompatible binder are homogenized and mixed in a preset ratio to obtain PHA composite slurry. The mixing speed is 100-150 rpm, the time is 10-30 minutes, and the temperature is 25-60℃. Padding preparation: Using both sides of the fiber mesh layer as the coating substrate, the PHA composite slurry is coated or sprayed at 60-90℃ to obtain a PHA composite layer with a thickness of 0.01-0.05cm. The coating speed is 5-15 m / min, the drying temperature is 60-85℃, and the time is 2-5 minutes. After drying, the green biological soil mat can be obtained.

7. The method for improving continuous cropping obstacles using green biological soil mulch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The prepared green biological soil mat has a compressive strength of ≥5MPa, a thickness of 0.07-3cm, and is dried at 45-50℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%.

8. The application of the green bio-soil mat for improving continuous cropping obstacles as described in any one of claims 1-5 in planting.

9. The application of the green bio-soil substrate for improving continuous cropping obstacles as described in any one of claims 1-5 in improving soils with continuous cropping obstacles.

10. A method for applying green biological soil mulch to improve continuous cropping obstacles as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the steps include... include: This ensures that the green biological mat adheres closely to the soil surface; When used on soils with continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops, the recommended application rate is 300-450 kg / mu, and the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60%-80% of field capacity after application. After application, the green biological mat can increase the soil microbial diversity index by more than 20%.

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