Device and method for testing ultra-high temperature friction and wear under prestress condition

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device and method under prestressed condition, belong to material testing field.Positive pressure loading module is applied to test piece positive pressure, temperature loading module is heated by electromagnetic induction coil, reciprocating motion module is controlled reciprocating motion by two symmetrical electric cylinders, and pre-stress is measured by one-dimensional force sensor and reciprocating motion under force keeping is realized.Support force loading module is used to offset the bending under the action of positive pressure, which leads to the inconstancy of positive pressure in the process of friction experiment.Positive pressure loading module and support force loading module penetrate vacuum water-cooling atmosphere cavity from top and bottom and keep centring nature, reciprocating motion module penetrates vacuum water-cooling atmosphere cavity from left and right and keeps centring nature.The numerical value of positive pressure and friction force can be accurately measured, and then the friction coefficient is calculated, the temperature loading efficiency is improved, the test piece bending deformation is reduced, the reliability and stability of experimental data are improved, and the experimental safety is considerable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of materials testing, and particularly to a method and apparatus for testing the friction and wear properties of materials under special working conditions, especially a device and method for testing ultra-high temperature friction and wear under prestressed conditions. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's aerospace, weaponry, nuclear power, and other fields, the performance of materials required is constantly improving. During operation, friction occurs between relatively moving contact parts, but not all friction occurs under normal environmental conditions. For example, high-temperature friction and wear under prestressed conditions are the main failure modes for sealing components in aero-engines, engine pistons and cylinders, and heat transfer pipes in nuclear power plants. To explore the service performance and damage failure mechanisms of materials used in these special environments, and thus enhance their performance and lifespan, it is necessary to simulate the friction and wear process of materials under special conditions. Therefore, it is essential to invent a high-temperature friction and wear testing device capable of applying prestress.

[0003] Currently available high-temperature friction and wear testing devices generally suffer from problems such as low temperature loading, low loading rate, and uneven loading. Moreover, most of them are pin-disc type, which cannot apply prestress to the test specimens, making it difficult to fully simulate the service environment of most key components, resulting in poor test results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for testing ultra-high temperature friction and wear under prestressed conditions, which solves the problems of difficulty in loading ultra-high temperature and slow rate, as well as severe wear of specimen support in the prior art.

[0005] The above-mentioned objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] An ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions includes a normal pressure loading module 1, a temperature loading module 2, a reciprocating motion module 3, a support force loading module 4, a stage 5, a complete support frame 6, and a vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7. The normal pressure loading module 1 and the support force loading module 4 penetrate the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 from the top and bottom, maintaining alignment. The reciprocating motion module 3 penetrates the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 from the left and right, also maintaining alignment. The electromagnetic induction coil 202 in the temperature loading module 2 is fixed to the rear wall 708 of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 via an electromagnetic induction coil connection port 705. The vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 is positioned at the center of the complete support frame 6 and is fixedly connected to the frame. The entire support frame 6 is placed on the platform 5; the normal pressure loading module 1 applies normal pressure to the plate-shaped specimen 201, and simultaneously measures the normal pressure and friction force with the three-dimensional force sensor; the temperature loading module 2 achieves heating by electromagnetic induction coil 202, which is elliptical and placed on the upper and lower sides of the plate-shaped specimen 201, and performs eddy current heating on the plate-shaped specimen 201 by passing a high-frequency alternating current; the reciprocating motion module 3 controls the reciprocating motion through two symmetrically placed electric cylinders 301, each equipped with a one-dimensional force sensor 306 to measure the prestress and achieve reciprocating motion under force maintenance; the support force loading module 4 is used to counteract the bending caused by the normal pressure, which leads to the inconsistency of the normal pressure during the friction experiment.

[0007] The positive pressure loading module 1 includes an electric cylinder 101, an electric cylinder output shaft 102, a connecting rod 103, a centering column 104, a push-pull rod 105, a locking ring 106, a rotary adjustment shaft 114, a three-dimensional force sensor 107, a water-cooled connecting rod 108, a radiation-proof heat insulation plate 109, a ball specimen clamping body 112, a ball specimen 111, and a ball specimen clamping cover 110. Among them, electric cylinder 101 is connected to the whole machine support frame 6 through trapezoidal fixed bracket 601. The two cylindrical ends are placed between four small centering V-blocks 602. The output end of electric cylinder 101 is connected to electric cylinder output shaft 102. The other end of electric cylinder output shaft 102 is fixed to connecting rod 103 by screws. The other end of connecting rod 103 is connected to centering column 104. Centering column 104 is placed between two large centering V-blocks 607 to ensure the proper loading of positive pressure module 1 and support force module 4. For neutral alignment; the central column 104 is fixedly connected to the push-pull rod 105. The other end of the push-pull rod 105 has a threaded hole. One end of the rotating adjusting shaft 114 is threaded to connect with the push-pull rod 105, and the other end has a flange for connecting the three-dimensional force sensor 107. A section of optical shaft is located between the threaded end and the flange for installing the locking ring 106. When tightening the threads, the angle of the radiation-shielding heat insulation plate 109 is adjusted to be parallel to the plate-shaped specimen 201. Then, the axial distance is adjusted using a pair of locking rings 106 to tighten the screws. The other end of the three-dimensional force sensor 107 is connected to the water-cooled connecting rod 108. The water-cooled connecting rod 108 and the upper ball specimen clamping body 112 are connected by threads, with a radiation-proof heat insulation plate 109 sandwiched between them. The water-cooled connecting rod 108 and the radiation-proof heat insulation plate 109 are machined with threaded holes. The upper ball specimen clamping body 112 is also machined with threads. The other end of the upper ball specimen clamping body 112 has a spherical groove that fits against the upper ball specimen 111. A pin is machined at the bottom of the groove, and a blind hole is machined in the upper ball specimen 111 to engage with the pin and prevent… During operation, the upper ball specimen 111 rolls. The upper ball specimen clamp cover 110 is machined into an arc shape that fits with the upper ball specimen 111. The upper ball specimen clamp cover 110 and the upper ball specimen clamp body 112 are connected by screws. When the three (upper ball specimen clamp cover 110, upper ball specimen 111, and upper ball specimen clamp body 112) fit together, there is a 1mm gap between the end face of the upper ball specimen clamp cover 110 and the end face of the upper ball specimen clamp body 112. The gap can be reduced by tightening the screws to clamp the upper ball specimen 111.

[0008] The temperature loading module 2 includes an electromagnetic induction heating power supply, an electromagnetic induction coil 202, and a plate-shaped specimen 201. The electromagnetic induction coil 202 is elliptical in shape, which can better fit the plate-shaped specimen 201, making the heating area more uniform. The plate-shaped specimen 201 is placed at the center between two turns of the electromagnetic induction coil 202 and is clamped by the plate-shaped specimen clamping body 309 and the plate-shaped specimen clamping cover 308. The electromagnetic induction coil 202 is fixed by the induction coil connection port 705 reserved on the rear wall of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity 7 and is connected to the electromagnetic induction heating power supply. The electromagnetic induction heating power supply is placed on the protruding plane 501 of the platform 5.

[0009] The reciprocating motion module 3 includes an electric cylinder 301, an electric cylinder output shaft 302, a connecting rod 303, a centering column 304, a push-pull rod 305, a locking ring 311, a one-dimensional force sensor 307, a plate-shaped specimen clamping body 309, and a plate-shaped specimen clamping cover 308. Among them, electric cylinder 2 301 is connected to the whole machine support frame 6 through trapezoidal fixed bracket 601. The two cylindrical parts are placed between four small centering V blocks 602. The output end of electric cylinder 2 301 is connected to electric cylinder output shaft 2 302. The other end of electric cylinder output shaft 2 302 is fixed to connecting rod 2 303 by screws. The other end of connecting rod 2 303 is connected to centering column 2 304. Centering column 2 304 is placed between two large centering V blocks 607 to ensure the centering between the two electric cylinder output shafts 2 (302) inside the reciprocating motion module 3. Centering column 2 304 is fixed to push-pull rod 2 305. Together, the other end of the push-pull rod 305 is machined with a threaded hole, and one end of the rotating adjustment shaft 310 is machined with a thread for connection with the push-pull rod 305. A shoulder is machined on one side of the shaft for installing the locking ring 311. When tightening the threads, the two plate-shaped specimen clamps are adjusted to be horizontal, and then the axial distance is adjusted by a pair of locking rings 311 for tightening. The other side of the shoulder is machined with an external thread for connecting the one-dimensional force sensor 306. The other end of the one-dimensional force sensor 306 is connected to the plate-shaped specimen clamp body 309. The plate-shaped specimen clamp cover 308 and the plate-shaped specimen clamp body 309 are clamped to the plate-shaped specimen 201 by screws.

[0010] The described support force loading module 4 includes electric cylinder three 401, electric cylinder output shaft three 402, connecting rod three 403, centering cylinder three 404, push rod three 405, locking ring three 406, flange, one-dimensional force sensor two 407, water-cooled connecting rod two 408, radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409, lower spherical specimen fixture body 410, lower spherical specimen 411, lower spherical specimen fixture cover 412, and rotation adjustment shaft three 414. Among them, electric cylinder three 401 is connected to the whole machine support frame 6 through trapezoidal fixed connection bracket 601, and the two ends of the cylinder are placed between four small centering V-shaped blocks 602. The output end of electric cylinder three 401 is connected to electric cylinder output shaft three 402. The other end of electric cylinder output shaft three 402 is fixedly connected to connecting rod three 403 by screws. The other end of connecting rod three 403 is connected to centering cylinder three 404. Centering cylinder three 404 is placed between two large centering V-shaped blocks 607 to ensure the centering between the normal pressure loading module 1 and the support force loading module 4. Centering cylinder three 404 is fixedly connected to push rod three 405. The other end of push rod three 405 is processed with a threaded hole. One end of rotation adjustment shaft three 414 is processed with a thread to connect with push rod three 405, and the other end is processed with a flange to connect with one-dimensional force sensor two 407. There is a smooth shaft between the threaded end and the flange to install locking ring three 406. When the thread is tightened, adjust the angle of radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409 to be parallel to the plate specimen 201, and then adjust the axial distance through a pair of locking rings three 406 for fastening. The other end of one-dimensional force sensor two 407 is connected to water-cooled connecting rod two 408. Water-cooled connecting rod two 408 and lower spherical specimen fixture body 412 are connected by threads, and radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409 is sandwiched between them. Among them, water-cooled connecting rod two 408 and radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409 are processed with threaded holes, and lower spherical specimen fixture body 412 is processed with threads. The other end of lower spherical specimen fixture body 412 is a spherical groove. Lower spherical specimen fixture cover 410 is processed into an arc shape. Lower spherical specimen fixture cover 410 and lower spherical specimen fixture two 409 are clamped by screws. The diameter of lower spherical specimen 411 is smaller than the spherical groove, so that during the movement, lower spherical specimen 411 can roll freely, reducing the friction and wear between lower spherical specimen 411 and plate specimen 201.

[0011] The described placement table 5 is in a "convex" shape structure and has a groove opened at the lower part for placing the trapezoidal fixed connection bracket and the electric cylinder, shortening the length of the overall support frame, reducing the center of gravity of the whole machine, and making the overall more stable and safe.

[0012] The overall support frame 6 includes a square housing 603, trapezoidal fixed brackets 601, small centering V-blocks 602, large centering V-blocks 607, a grating ruler 604, a horizontal placement bracket 606, and a main support frame 605. The square housing 603 is the main body of the overall support frame, connected to four trapezoidal fixed brackets 601 for mounting four electric cylinders. The small centering V-blocks 602 are mounted on the trapezoidal fixed brackets for positioning and constraining the electric cylinders. The large centering V-blocks 607 are mounted on the square housing 603 for constraining the centering between the axes. The grating ruler 604 is mounted between a pair of large centering V-blocks for detecting displacement between the axes. The horizontal placement bracket 606 is used to mount the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7. The main support frame 605 supports the entire structure, with its upper end fixed to the square housing 603 by screws and its lower end resting on the horizontal plane 503 of the placement platform 5.

[0013] The vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 includes a sealing ring 701, a bellows 702, a hollow cavity shell 703, an electromagnetic induction coil connection port 705, a cavity support 706, an atmosphere channel 707, a cavity rear wall 708, a tightening handle 709, and a water-cooling pipe 710. The hollow cavity shell 703 is an internally hollow shell structure used for cooling water circulation and connected to various water-cooled components through water-cooling pipes 710. The hollow cavity shell 703 has an atmosphere channel 707 for evacuating a vacuum or adding a special atmosphere. The electric cylinder output shaft 102, the electric cylinder output shaft 302, and the two electric cylinder output shafts 302 inside the reciprocating motion module 3 pass through the bellows 702 and through the hollow cavity shell 703. They are sealed with the bellows 702 through the sealing ring 701 to maintain a vacuum or special atmosphere inside the experimental chamber of the hollow cavity shell 703. The cavity support 706 is placed on the horizontal placement support 606 of the whole machine support frame 6 to support the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity 7. Tightening the handle 709 is used to close the cavity door.

[0014] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for testing ultra-high temperature friction and wear under prestressed conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Adjust the position of the two plate-shaped specimen clamps 309 in the reciprocating motion module 3, install the plate-shaped specimen 201, attach the thermocouple to the surface of the plate-shaped specimen 201, close the cavity door, evacuate the experimental cavity of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity 7, and apply a special atmosphere environment as needed.

[0016] Step 2: After the atmosphere is loaded, turn on the water cooling circulation and turn on the electromagnetic induction heating power supply to load the temperature. Monitor the friction surface temperature of the plate specimen 201 in real time. When the temperature is loaded to the rated temperature, maintain the rated temperature through feedback adjustment.

[0017] Step 3: After the temperature loading is completed, the two electric cylinders 301 in the reciprocating motion module 3 contract simultaneously to apply prestress to the plate-shaped specimen. The prestress is monitored in real time by the one-dimensional force sensor 306. When the preset value is reached, the loading stops and is maintained through feedback adjustment.

[0018] Step 4: After the prestressing is completed, the normal pressure loading module 1 begins to apply normal pressure and monitors the normal pressure in real time through the three-dimensional force sensor 107. At the same time, the support force loading module 4 starts to work and follows the normal pressure value fed back by the three-dimensional force sensor 107 until the support force measured by the one-dimensional force sensor 407 in the support force loading module 4 is equal to the normal pressure measured by the three-dimensional force sensor 107. Then the support force loading module 4 stops working. When the normal pressure value reaches the preset value, the normal pressure loading module 1 stops moving.

[0019] Step 5: After the positive pressure and support force are applied, the two electric cylinders 301 in the reciprocating motion module 3 start to move synchronously, driving the plate specimen 201 to perform reciprocating linear motion under force maintenance according to the preset stroke and frequency. At the same time, the three-dimensional force sensor 107 monitors the values ​​of friction and positive pressure in real time and outputs them to the host computer for storage.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. The upper ball specimen is moved up and down by the extension and retraction of the output end of the electric cylinder, which applies pressure to the plate specimen. The value of the normal pressure is measured by a three-dimensional force sensor, and the normal pressure is adjusted by feedback through the program to ensure that the normal pressure is maintained stably and with high precision during the experiment. At the same time, the friction force is measured by the three-dimensional force sensor to calculate the coefficient of friction.

[0022] 2. The reciprocating motion module loading structure is simple and can apply prestress to the plate-shaped specimen. At the same time, it drives the plate-shaped specimen to perform reciprocating linear motion under force maintenance, and generates relative frictional motion with the upper spherical specimen, which can realize the study of material friction and wear under prestress conditions.

[0023] 3. The support loading module supports the plate-shaped specimen from below, preventing it from bending due to normal pressure. This ensures the accuracy and precision of the measurement data during the friction and wear test. Furthermore, the lower ball specimen can roll freely, reducing wear and extending its service life.

[0024] 4. Induction heating coils can be used to heat plate-shaped specimens. The elliptical coil design can better fit the plate-shaped specimen, making the magnetic flux in the friction zone more uniform, thus making the heating zone more uniform and ensuring the accuracy of experimental data.

[0025] 5. The heating temperature can reach over 2000℃, and the heating speed is fast, the heating process is stable, and the temperature retention is good.

[0026] 6. The heat radiated from the plate-shaped specimen to the cavity and other components is blocked by the radiation-proof heat insulation plate, while the hollow cavity shell and key components are water-cooled to protect the experimental equipment and the safety of the operators. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate the invention and are used to explain it, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention.

[0028] Figure 1 This is the overall assembly isometric drawing of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positive pressure loading module of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature loading module of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reciprocating motion module of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the support force loading module of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the shelf of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is an isometric view of the overall support frame of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a front view of the overall support frame of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a temperature simulation result diagram of the temperature loading module of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 The figure shows the simulation results of the magnetic flux density of the temperature loading module of the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Positive pressure loading module; 2. Temperature loading module; 3. Reciprocating motion module; 4. Support force loading module; 5. Stage; 6. Overall support frame; 7. Vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber; 101. Electric cylinder one; 102. Electric cylinder output shaft one; 103. Connecting rod one; 104. Centering column one; 105. Push-pull rod one; 106. Locking ring one; 107. Three-dimensional force sensor; 108. Water-cooled connecting rod one; 109. Radiation-proof heat insulation plate one; 110. Upper ball specimen clamp cover; 111. 112. Upper ball specimen; 113. Upper ball specimen clamping body; 114. Water-cooled connection hole one; 115. Rotary adjustment shaft one; 201. Plate-shaped specimen; 202. Electromagnetic induction coil; 301. Electric cylinder two; 302. Electric cylinder output shaft two; 303. Connecting rod two; 304. Centering column two; 305. Push-pull rod two; 306. One-dimensional force sensor one; 307. Water-cooled connection hole two; 308. Plate-shaped specimen clamping cover; 309. Plate-shaped specimen clamping body; 310. Rotary adjustment shaft two; 311. Locking ring two; 401. Electric cylinder three; 402. Electric cylinder output shaft three; 403. Connecting rod three; 404. Centering column three; 405. Push-pull rod three; 406. Locking ring three; 407. One-dimensional force sensor two; 408. Water-cooled connecting rod two; 409. Radiation-proof heat insulation plate two; 410. Lower ball specimen clamp cover; 411. Lower ball specimen; 412. Lower ball specimen clamp body; 413. Water-cooled connecting hole three; 414. Rotary adjustment shaft three; 501. Protruding plane; 502. Groove; 503. Horizontal plane; 601. Trapezoidal fixed bracket; 602. Small centering V-block; 603. Square shell; 604. Grating ruler; 605. Main support frame; 606. Horizontal placement bracket; 607. Large centering V-block; 701. Sealing ring; 702. Bellows; 703. Hollow cavity shell; 704. Hinge; 705. Electromagnetic induction coil connection port; 706. Cavity support; 707. Atmosphere channel; 708. Cavity rear wall; 709. Tightening handle; 710. Water cooling pipe. Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] See Figures 1 to 13As shown, the ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device and method under prestressed conditions of the present invention mainly consists of four parts: a normal pressure loading module, a temperature loading module, a reciprocating motion module, and a support force loading module. The normal pressure loading module uses an electric cylinder to control the movement of a pressure rod to apply normal pressure to the specimen. Combined with a three-dimensional force sensor, it can simultaneously measure the normal pressure and frictional force. The temperature loading module uses an electromagnetic induction coil for heating. The electromagnetic induction coil is elliptical and placed on the upper and lower sides of the specimen, and a high-frequency alternating current is applied to the specimen for eddy current heating. The reciprocating motion module uses two symmetrically placed electric cylinders to control the reciprocating motion, each equipped with a one-dimensional force sensor, to measure the prestress and achieve reciprocating motion under force maintenance. The support force loading module is used to counteract the bending caused by the normal pressure, which leads to inconsistent normal pressure during the friction experiment. The normal pressure loading module and the support force loading module penetrate the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity from the upper and lower sides and maintain alignment. The reciprocating motion module penetrates the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity from the left and right sides and maintains alignment. The electromagnetic induction coil in the temperature loading module is fixed to the rear wall of the cavity through an electromagnetic induction coil connection port. The present invention has a novel structure, which can accurately measure the values ​​of normal force and friction force, and then calculate the friction coefficient, improve the temperature loading efficiency, reduce the bending deformation of the specimen, improve the reliability and stability of experimental data, and has considerable experimental safety.

[0043] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention includes a positive pressure loading module 1, a temperature loading module 2, a reciprocating motion module 3, a support force loading module 4, a platform 5, a machine support frame 6, and a vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7. The positive pressure module 1 and the support force module 4 penetrate the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 from the top and bottom and maintain alignment; the reciprocating motion module 3 penetrates the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 from the left and right and maintains alignment; the temperature loading module 2 is threaded to the rear wall of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7; the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7 is positioned at the center of the machine support frame 6 and fixedly connected to the machine support frame 6; and the machine support frame 6 is placed on the platform 5.

[0044] See Figure 3As shown, the positive pressure loading module 1 of the present invention includes an electric cylinder 101, an electric cylinder output shaft 102, a connecting rod 103, a centering column 104, a push-pull rod 105, a locking ring 106, a rotary adjustment shaft 114, a three-dimensional force sensor 107, a water-cooled connecting rod 108, a radiation-proof heat insulation plate 109, a ball specimen clamping body 112, a ball specimen 111, and a ball specimen clamping cover 110. Among them, electric cylinder 101 is connected to the whole machine support frame 6 via trapezoidal fixed bracket 602. The two cylindrical ends are placed between four small centering V-blocks 601. The output end of electric cylinder 101 is connected to electric cylinder output shaft 102. The other end of electric cylinder output shaft 102 is fixed to connecting rod 103 by screws. The other end of connecting rod 103 is connected to centering column 104. Centering column 104 is placed between two large centering V-blocks 607 to ensure the alignment between positive pressure loading module 1 and support force loading module 4. Centering column 104... 4. The push-pull rod 105 is fixedly connected to the push-pull rod 105. The other end of the push-pull rod 105 has a threaded hole. One end of the rotating adjustment shaft 114 is threaded to connect with the push-pull rod 105, and the other end has a flange for connecting the three-dimensional force sensor 107. There is a section of optical shaft between the threaded end and the flange for installing the locking ring 106. When tightening the thread, adjust the angle of the radiation-proof heat insulation plate 109 to be parallel to the plate-shaped specimen 201. Then, adjust the axial distance through a pair of locking rings 106 to tighten it. The other end of the three-dimensional force sensor 107 is connected to the water-cooled connecting rod. On the water-cooled connecting rod 108, the water-cooled connecting hole 113 on the water-cooled connecting rod 108 is connected to the hollow cavity shell 703 through the water-cooling pipe 710. The water-cooled connecting rod 108 and the upper ball specimen clamping body 110 are connected by threads, with a radiation-proof heat insulation plate 109 sandwiched between them. The water-cooled connecting hole 113 on the water-cooled connecting rod 108 is connected to the hollow cavity shell 703 through the water-cooling pipe 710. Threaded holes are machined in the water-cooled connecting rod 108 and the radiation-proof heat insulation plate 109. Threads are machined in the upper ball specimen clamping body 112. The other side of the upper ball specimen clamping body 112... The end is a spherical groove that fits into the upper ball specimen 111. A pin is machined at the bottom of the groove, and a blind hole is machined into the upper ball specimen to cooperate with the pin and prevent the upper ball specimen from rolling during operation. The upper ball specimen clamp cover 110 is machined into an arc shape that fits into the upper ball specimen 111. The upper ball specimen clamp cover 110 and the upper ball specimen clamp body 112 are connected by screws. When the three are fitted together, there is a 1mm gap between the end face of the upper ball specimen clamp cover 110 and the end face of the upper ball specimen clamp body 112. The gap can be reduced by tightening the screws to clamp the ball specimen 111.

[0045] See Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the temperature loading module 2 of the present invention includes an electromagnetic induction heating power supply, an electromagnetic induction coil 202, and a plate-shaped specimen 201. The electromagnetic induction coil 202 is elliptical in shape to better fit the plate-shaped specimen 201, resulting in a more uniform heating area. The plate-shaped specimen 201 is positioned at the center between two turns of the electromagnetic induction coil and is held by a plate-shaped specimen clamping body 309 and a plate-shaped specimen clamping cover 308. The electromagnetic induction coil 202 is fixed by a pre-reserved electromagnetic induction coil connection port 705 on the rear wall 708 of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber and is connected to the electromagnetic induction heating power supply, which is placed on the protruding plane 501 of the stage 5.

[0046] See Figure 6 As shown, the reciprocating motion module 3 of the present invention includes an electric cylinder 301, an electric cylinder output shaft 302, a connecting rod 303, a centering column 304, a push-pull rod 305, a locking ring 311, a rotary adjustment shaft 310, a one-dimensional force sensor 306, a plate-shaped specimen clamping body 309, and a plate-shaped specimen clamping cover 308. Among them, electric cylinder 2 301 is connected to the machine support frame 6 via trapezoidal fixed bracket 602. The two cylindrical ends are placed between four small centering V-blocks 601. The output end of electric cylinder 2 301 is connected to electric cylinder output shaft 2 302. The other end of electric cylinder output shaft 2 302 is fixed to connecting rod 2 303 by screws. The other end of connecting rod 2 303 is connected to centering column 2 304. Centering column 2 304 is placed between two large centering V-blocks 607 to ensure the centering between the two shafts inside the reciprocating motion module 3. Centering column 2 304 is fixed to push-pull rod 2 305. The other end of push-pull rod 2 305 is machined with a threaded hole for rotating adjustment shaft 2 310. One end is threaded to connect with push-pull rod 305. A shoulder is machined on one side of the optical axis to install locking ring 311. When tightening the thread, adjust the two plate specimen clamping bodies 309 to be horizontal. Then, adjust the axial distance through a pair of locking rings 311 to tighten. An external thread is machined on the other side of the shoulder to connect a one-dimensional force sensor 306. The other end of the one-dimensional force sensor 306 is connected to the plate specimen clamping body 309. The plate specimen clamping cover 308 and the plate specimen clamping body 309 are clamped to the plate specimen 201 by screws. The water-cooling connection hole 307 on the plate specimen clamping cover 308 is connected to the hollow cavity shell 703 through a water-cooling pipe 710.

[0047] See Figure 7As shown in the figure, the support force loading module 4 of the present invention includes electric cylinder three 401, electric cylinder output shaft three 402, connecting rod three 403, centering cylinder three 404, push rod three 405, rotation adjustment shaft three 414, locking ring three 406, one-dimensional force sensor two 407, water-cooled connecting rod two 408, radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409, lower spherical specimen clamp body 412, lower spherical specimen 411, and lower spherical specimen fixture cover 410. Among them, electric cylinder three 401 is connected to the whole machine support frame 6 through trapezoidal fixed connection bracket 602, and the two end cylinders are placed between four small centering V-shaped blocks 601. The output end of electric cylinder three 401 is connected to electric cylinder output shaft three 402. The other end of electric cylinder output shaft three 402 is fixedly connected to connecting rod three 403 by screws. The other end of connecting rod three 403 is connected to centering cylinder three 404. Centering cylinder three 404 is placed between two large centering V-shaped blocks 607 to ensure the centering between the positive pressure loading module 1 and the support force loading module 4. Centering cylinder three 404 is fixedly connected to push rod three 405. The other end of push rod three 405 is processed with a threaded hole. One end of rotation adjustment shaft three 414 is processed with threads to connect with push rod three 405, and the other end is processed with a flange to connect with one-dimensional force sensor two 407. There is a section of optical axis between the threaded end and the flange to install locking ring three 406. When the thread is tightened, adjust the angle of radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409 to be parallel to the plate specimen 201, and then adjust the axial distance through a pair of locking rings three 406 for fastening. The other end of one-dimensional force sensor two 407 is connected to water-cooled connecting rod two 408. The water-cooled connection hole three 413 on water-cooled connecting rod two 408 is connected to the hollow cavity shell 703 through a water-cooled pipe 710. Water-cooled connecting rod two 408 and lower spherical specimen clamp body 412 are connected by threads, and radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409 is sandwiched between them. Among them, water-cooled connecting rod two 408 and lower spherical specimen clamp body 412 are connected by threads, and radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409 is sandwiched between them. Among them, water-cooled connecting rod two 408 and radiation-proof heat insulation plate two 409 are processed with threaded holes, and lower spherical specimen clamp body 412 is processed with threads. The other end of lower spherical specimen clamp body 412 is a spherical groove. Lower spherical specimen fixture cover 410 is processed into an arc shape. Lower spherical specimen fixture cover 410 and lower spherical specimen clamp body 412 are clamped by screws. The diameter of lower spherical specimen 411 is smaller than the spherical groove, so that during the movement, lower spherical specimen 411 can roll freely, reducing the friction and wear between the lower spherical specimen and the plate specimen 201.

[0048] See Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the placement table 5 of the present invention presents a "convex" shape structure, and a groove 502 is opened at the lower part to place the trapezoidal fixed connection bracket and the electric cylinder, shortening the length of the total support frame, reducing the center of gravity of the whole machine, and making the overall more stable and safe.

[0049] See Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the overall support frame 6 of the present invention includes a square housing 603, trapezoidal fixed brackets 601, small centering V-blocks 602, large centering V-blocks 607, a grating ruler 604, a horizontal placement bracket 606, and a main support frame 605. The square housing 603 is the main body of the overall support frame 6, connected to four trapezoidal fixed brackets 601 for mounting four electric cylinders. The small centering V-blocks 602 are mounted on the trapezoidal fixed brackets for positioning and constraining the electric cylinders. The large centering V-blocks 607 are mounted on the square housing 603 for constraining the centering between the axes. The grating ruler 604 is mounted between a pair of large centering V-blocks 607 for detecting the displacement between the axes. The horizontal placement bracket 606 is used to mount the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere chamber 7. The main support frame 605 supports the entire assembly, with its upper end fixed to the square housing 603 by screws and its lower end placed on the horizontal plane 503 of the placement platform 5.

[0050] See Figure 11 As shown, the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity 7 of the present invention includes a sealing ring 701, a bellows 702, a hollow cavity shell 703, a hinge 704, an electromagnetic induction coil connection port 705, a cavity support 706, an atmosphere channel 707, a cavity rear wall 708, a tightening handle 709, and a water-cooling pipe 710. The hollow cavity shell 703 is an internally hollow shell structure used for cooling water circulation and connected to various water-cooled components via water-cooling pipes 710. An atmosphere channel 707 is provided on the hollow cavity shell 703 for evacuating a vacuum or adding a special atmosphere. Each shaft passes through a bellows 702, penetrates the hollow cavity shell 703, and is sealed to the bellows 702 via a sealing ring 701, maintaining a vacuum or special atmosphere inside the experimental chamber of the hollow cavity shell 703. A cavity support 706 is placed on a horizontal shelf 606 of the overall support frame to support the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity 7. A hinge 704 is used to install the cavity door, and a tightening handle 709 is used to close the cavity door.

[0051] See Figure 12 As shown, the heating method of the present invention can bring the plate-shaped specimen 201 to a high temperature of over 2000°C, and the heating is uniform, with the temperature of the entire friction and wear area being almost consistent, thus ensuring the consistency of temperature during the friction and wear test and improving the accuracy and stability of the test data.

[0052] See Figure 13 As shown, the electromagnetic induction coil 202 of the present invention continuously optimizes its shape and size to make the magnetic field generated on the plate sample 201 more uniform in the friction and wear area, which improves the uniformity of temperature distribution.

[0053] The method for testing ultra-high temperature friction and wear under prestressed conditions according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Before the experiment begins, adjust the position of the two plate-shaped specimen clamps 309 in the reciprocating motion module 3, install the plate-shaped specimen 201, attach the thermocouple to the surface of the plate-shaped specimen 201, close the cavity door, evacuate the experimental cavity of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity 7, and apply a special atmosphere environment as needed.

[0055] Step 2: After the atmosphere loading is completed, turn on the water cooling circulation and turn on the electromagnetic induction heating power supply to load the temperature. Monitor the friction surface temperature of the plate specimen 201 in real time. When the temperature is loaded to the rated temperature, maintain the rated temperature through feedback adjustment.

[0056] Step 3: After the temperature loading is completed, the two electric cylinders 301 in the reciprocating motion module 3 contract simultaneously to apply prestress to the plate-shaped specimen. The prestress is monitored in real time by the one-dimensional force sensor 306. When the preset value is reached, the loading stops and is maintained through feedback adjustment.

[0057] Step 4: After the prestressing loading is completed, the normal pressure loading module 1 begins to apply normal pressure and monitors the normal pressure in real time through the three-dimensional force sensor 107. At the same time, the support force loading module 4 starts to work and follows the normal pressure value fed back by the three-dimensional force sensor 107 until the support force measured by the one-dimensional force sensor 407 in the support force loading module 4 is equal to the normal pressure measured by the three-dimensional force sensor 107. Then the support force loading module 4 stops working. When the normal pressure value reaches the preset value, the normal pressure loading module 1 stops moving.

[0058] Step 5: After the positive pressure and support force are applied, the two electric cylinders 301 in the reciprocating motion module 3 start to move synchronously, driving the plate specimen 201 to perform reciprocating linear motion under force maintenance according to the preset stroke and frequency. At the same time, the three-dimensional force sensor 107 monitors the values ​​of friction and positive pressure in real time and outputs them to the host computer for storage.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made to the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for ultra-high temperature friction and wear under prestressed conditions, characterized in that: The system includes a positive pressure loading module (1), a temperature loading module (2), a reciprocating motion module (3), a support force loading module (4), a platform (5), a complete machine support frame (6), and a vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7). The positive pressure loading module (1) and the support force loading module (4) pass through the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7) from the top and bottom and maintain alignment. The reciprocating motion module (3) passes through the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7) from the left and right and maintain alignment. The electromagnetic induction coil (202) in the temperature loading module (2) is fixed to the rear wall (708) of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7) through the electromagnetic induction coil connection port (705). The vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7) is placed at the center of the complete machine support frame (6) and is fixed to the complete machine support frame. The fixed connection is made, and the whole machine support frame (6) is placed on the platform (5); the positive pressure loading module (1) applies positive pressure to the plate specimen (201), and the three-dimensional force sensor measures the positive pressure and friction force at the same time; the temperature loading module (2) is heated by the electromagnetic induction coil (202), which is elliptical and placed on the upper and lower sides of the plate specimen (201), and eddy current is applied to the plate specimen (201) to heat it with high frequency alternating current; the reciprocating motion module (3) controls the reciprocating motion through two symmetrically placed electric cylinders, each equipped with a one-dimensional force sensor to measure the prestress and realize the reciprocating motion under force maintenance; the support force loading module (4) is used to counteract the bending caused by the positive pressure, which leads to the non-constant positive pressure during the friction experiment; The supporting force loading module (4) is as follows: the electric cylinder three (401) is connected to the whole machine support frame (6) through the trapezoidal fixed bracket (601), the electric cylinder output shaft three (402) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod three (403), the other end of the connecting rod three (403) is connected to the centering column three (404), and the centering column three (404) is placed between two large centering V-blocks (607) to ensure the positive pressure loading module (1) and the supporting force loading module (4) The centering is achieved by fixing the centering column three (404) and the push-pull rod three (405) together. The other end of the push-pull rod three (405) is threadedly connected to the rotating adjustment shaft three (414), and the other end is connected to the one-dimensional force sensor two (407) through the flange. The optical axis between the threaded end and the flange is used to install the locking ring three (406). When tightening the thread, the angle of the radiation-proof heat insulation plate two (409) is adjusted to be parallel to the plate-shaped specimen (201), and then a pair of locking rings three ( 406) Adjust the axial distance and tighten it; the other end of the one-dimensional force sensor two (407) is connected to the water-cooled connecting rod two (408), the water-cooled connecting rod two (408) and the lower ball specimen clamping body (412) are connected by threads, and the radiation-proof heat insulation plate two (409) is clamped between the water-cooled connecting rod two (408) and the lower ball specimen clamping body (412), wherein the water-cooled connecting rod two (408) and the radiation-proof heat insulation plate two (409) are machined with threaded holes, and the lower ball specimen... The fixture body (412) is threaded, and the other end of the lower ball specimen fixture body (412) is a spherical groove. The lower ball specimen fixture cover (410) is arc-shaped. The lower ball specimen fixture cover (410) and the lower ball specimen fixture body (412) are clamped together by screws. The diameter of the lower ball specimen (411) is smaller than that of the spherical groove, so that the lower ball specimen (411) can roll freely during the movement, reducing the friction and wear between the lower ball specimen (411) and the plate specimen (201).

2. The ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive pressure loading module (1) is as follows: an electric cylinder (101) is fixed on the whole machine support frame (6), the output shaft (102) of the electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (103), the other end of the connecting rod (103) is connected to the centering column (104), the centering column (104) is placed between two large centering V-blocks (607) to ensure the centering between the positive pressure loading module (1) and the support force loading module (4); the centering column (104) is fixedly connected to the push-pull rod (105), the other end of the push-pull rod (105) is threadedly connected to the rotary adjustment shaft (114), and the other end of the rotary adjustment shaft (114) is connected to the rotary adjustment shaft (114). The flange is connected to the three-dimensional force sensor (107). The threaded end of the rotating adjustment shaft (114) is connected to the optical axis between the flange and the locking ring (106). When the thread is tightened, the angle of the radiation shielding heat insulation plate (109) is adjusted to be parallel to the plate specimen (201). Then, the axial distance is adjusted by a pair of locking rings (106) to tighten it. The other end of the three-dimensional force sensor (107) is connected to the water-cooled connecting rod (108). The water-cooled connecting rod (108) is threadedly connected to the upper ball specimen clamping body (112). The radiation shielding heat insulation plate (109) is clamped between the water-cooled connecting rod (108) and the upper ball specimen clamping body (112).

3. The ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water-cooled connecting rod (108) and the radiation-proof heat insulation plate (109) are machined with threaded holes. The upper ball specimen clamping body (112) is machined with threads. The other end of the upper ball specimen clamping body (112) is a spherical groove that fits with the upper ball specimen (111). A pin is machined at the bottom of the groove. A blind hole is machined in the upper ball specimen (111) to cooperate with the pin and prevent the upper ball specimen (111) from rolling during operation. The upper ball specimen clamping cover (110) is machined with a hole that fits with the upper ball. The specimen (111) is in an arc shape that fits against the upper ball specimen clamp cover (110) and the upper ball specimen clamp body (112) are connected by screws. When the upper ball specimen clamp cover (110), the upper ball specimen (111), and the upper ball specimen clamp body (112) fit together, there is a 1mm gap between the end face of the upper ball specimen clamp cover (110) and the end face of the upper ball specimen clamp body (112). The gap is reduced by tightening the screws to clamp the upper ball specimen (111).

4. The ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature loading module (2) includes an electromagnetic induction heating power supply, an electromagnetic induction coil (202), and a plate-shaped specimen (201). The electromagnetic induction coil (202) is elliptical. The plate-shaped specimen (201) is placed at the center between two turns of the electromagnetic induction coil (202) and is clamped by the plate-shaped specimen clamp body (309) and the plate-shaped specimen clamp cover (308). The electromagnetic induction coil (202) is fixed by the induction coil connection port (705) reserved on the rear wall of the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7) and is connected to the electromagnetic induction heating power supply. The electromagnetic induction heating power supply is placed on the protruding plane (501) of the platform (5).

5. The ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described reciprocating motion module (3) is as follows: The second electric cylinder (301) is fixed on the whole machine support frame (6). The output shaft of the second electric cylinder (302) is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod (303). The other end of the second connecting rod (303) is connected to the second centering cylinder (304). The second centering cylinder (304) is placed between two large centering V-shaped blocks (607) to ensure the centering between the two output shafts of the second electric cylinders (302) inside the reciprocating motion module (3). The second centering cylinder (304) is fixedly connected to the second push-pull rod (305). The other end of the second push-pull rod (305) is threadedly connected to the second rotation adjustment shaft (310). The smooth shaft of the second rotation adjustment shaft (310) is machined with a shoulder for installing the second locking ring (311). When the thread is tightened, it adjusts the two plate-shaped specimen clamps to be horizontal, and adjusts the axial distance through a pair of second locking rings (311) for fastening. The other side of the shoulder is machined with an external thread for connecting the first one-dimensional force sensor (306). The other end of the first one-dimensional force sensor (306) is connected to the plate-shaped specimen clamp body (309). The plate-shaped specimen clamp cover (308) and the plate-shaped specimen clamp body (309) clamp the plate-shaped specimen (201) through screws.

6. The ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described placement table (5) has a "convex" shape structure and has a groove at the lower part.

7. The ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described whole machine support frame (6) is as follows: The square shell (603) is the main body of the whole machine support frame, and is connected with four trapezoidal fixed connection brackets (601) for installing four electric cylinders. The small centering V-shaped blocks (602) are installed on the trapezoidal fixed connection brackets to position and constrain the electric cylinders. The large centering V-shaped blocks (607) are installed on the square shell (603) to constrain the centering between the output shaft of the first electric cylinder (102) and the output shaft of the third electric cylinder (402) and the centering between the two output shafts of the second electric cylinders (302) inside the reciprocating motion module (3). The grating ruler (604) is installed between a pair of large centering V-shaped blocks to detect the displacement between each shaft. The vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7) is installed on the horizontal placement bracket (606) of the whole machine support frame (6). The total support frame (605) supports the whole, with the upper end fixed to the square shell (603) and the lower end placed on the horizontal plane (503) of the placement table (5).

8. The ultra-high temperature friction and wear testing device under prestressed conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7) is as follows: The hollow cavity shell (703) is a shell structure with a hollow interior and is connected to each component that needs water cooling through the water cooling pipe (710). An atmosphere channel (707) is opened on the hollow cavity shell (703). The output shaft of the first electric cylinder (102), the output shaft of the third electric cylinder (402), and the two output shafts of the second electric cylinders (302) inside the reciprocating motion module (3) respectively pass through the bellows (702), penetrate the hollow cavity shell (703), and are sealed with the bellows (702) through the sealing ring (701) to maintain the vacuum or special atmosphere inside the experimental cavity of the hollow cavity shell (703). The cavity support (706) is placed on the horizontal placement bracket (606) of the whole machine support frame (6) to support the vacuum water-cooled atmosphere cavity (7). The tightening handle (709) is used to close the cavity door.

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