Double-shaft friction wear testing machine with unbalance loading torque loading function

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-shaft friction and wear testing machine with an unbalance loading torque loading function, and relates to the technical field of friction and wear testing, in particular to the double-shaft friction and wear testing machine with the unbalance loading torque loading function. The unbalance loading torque loading mechanism provided by the invention can meet the test requirements of friction and wear under actual loading in some special scenes. The device can meet the test of relative rolling friction wear under a common uniform loading condition, and can also apply a non-uniform load to a friction pair with two cylinders rolling relatively under the condition that the test bed is not disassembled, assembled and replaced, so as to realize the friction wear test of vertical non-uniform loading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of friction and wear testing technology, and specifically to a biaxial friction and wear testing machine with off-center torque loading function. Background Technology

[0002] Friction is a common and unavoidable phenomenon in industrial production. It causes wear and tear on mechanical equipment, affecting its precision and even reducing its lifespan, rendering it unusable. A friction and wear testing machine is a device used to test the tribological properties of materials under different working conditions. By simulating various actual working environments, such as operating conditions, lubrication states, and drive methods, and applying different loads and relative motions, it evaluates the frictional force between material surfaces, the amount of wear, and the potential thermal effects, providing a theoretical basis for reducing frictional losses. In engineering, friction pairs of two relatively rotating cylinders are very common. These pairs have relative rotational motion. When a perpendicular load is applied radially to the cylinders, if the axes of the two cylinders are parallel, the loading forces at both ends of the cylinders are equal. However, in practical applications, due to parallelism errors between the two axes or the specific nature of the loading method, a situation may occur where one end of the cylinder experiences a larger force along the axial direction than the other, resulting in uneven radial loading and thus generating an additional bending moment perpendicular to the axis. Currently, traditional friction testing machines are limited in design and function, only capable of performing friction and wear tests on two cylinders rolling relative to each other under radially uniform vertical loading. They cannot simulate uneven loading in the axial direction and therefore cannot fully meet the testing requirements for friction and wear under actual loading conditions in some special scenarios. The off-center torque loading mechanism proposed in this invention can maintain the testing of relative rolling friction and wear under normal uniform loading conditions, and can apply uneven loads to the friction pair of two cylinders rolling relative to each other without disassembling or replacing the test bench, thus achieving friction and wear tests for vertically uneven loading. Furthermore, the testing machine proposed in this invention also has a protection function to prevent overturning under bending moment loading limits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the problems existing in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a biaxial friction testing machine with off-center torque loading function. The loading mechanism of this testing machine can apply a uniformly distributed vertical load in the radial direction of a cylindrical test piece and a deflection load in the direction perpendicular to the test piece's axis. This is achieved by using two servo motors to drive the cylindrical test piece and the test piece respectively through couplings, allowing them to contact and rotate relative to each other. A weight loading mechanism is installed at the bottom of the testing machine platform. A guide column loads a vertical load onto the mounting support of the test piece. The vertical load is then transferred to the cylindrical test piece through both ends of the support, generating a uniform vertical load and forming friction. When an off-center load test is required, in addition to the vertical load, the off-center torque loading mechanism loads a weight at one end of a deflection lever plate. A torque is generated at the center of mass of the deflection lever plate, acting on the off-center load central axis. The torque generated on the off-center load central axis acts on both ends of the test piece support through two off-center load transmission leaf springs, thus generating an uneven load on the cylindrical test piece along its axial direction, with one end having a larger force and the other a smaller force, which then contacts the test piece. This method simulates loading on two cylinders whose centerlines are not parallel and form a certain angle. A certain distance is reserved between the off-center load limiting beam arranged on the off-center load center axis and the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate. This distance is the maximum deformation of the off-center load transmission plate spring, thereby limiting the degree of deformation of the off-center load transmission plate spring, controlling the deformation, and preventing the off-center load torque loading mechanism from overturning due to excessive weight being applied to the deflection lever plate.

[0004] Beneficial effects:

[0005] 1. This invention meets the requirements for testing friction pairs under eccentric torque loading. It does not require disassembly or replacement of the test bench. Simply suspend weights of different weights on the deflection lever plate to change the magnitude of the eccentric bending moment of the friction pair. This makes it convenient for testers to study the friction and wear of the friction pair under two different load conditions: uniform load and eccentric non-uniform load in engineering.

[0006] 2. This invention collects pressure and torque data by installing pressure and torque sensors, thereby providing data support for obtaining the stress condition of the specimen.

[0007] 3. In this invention, when the deflection lever plate is without any suspended weights, the center of gravity of the load-bearing plate is located at the center of the central axis, and only a uniformly distributed load is applied to the friction pair of the test piece. After suspending the weights, the center of gravity of the deflection lever plate changes, and the bending moment is transmitted to the test piece through two off-center load transmission leaf springs. The central axis is always perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft, which makes the rolling friction test device have higher measurement accuracy.

[0008] 4. This invention avoids excessive bending moment by setting an off-center load limiting beam in the pressure loading mechanism, ensuring that the deformation of the off-center load transmission leaf spring is within a certain safe range, and ensuring the accuracy of the test. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a biaxial friction and wear testing machine with off-center torque loading function.

[0010] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the force transmission spring on the left-side deflection lever plate of a biaxial friction and wear testing machine with off-center torque loading function when a weight is suspended.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the off-center loading mechanism of a biaxial friction and wear testing machine with off-center torque loading function.

[0012] The components include: 1. Platform, 2. Test specimen drive motor, 3. Torque sensor, 4. Lower support for test specimen, 5. Test specimen shaft, 6. Test specimen support bearing, 7. Test specimen shaft, 8. Upper support for test specimen, 9. Off-center load pressure sensor, 10. Vertical load pressure sensor, 11. Vertical pressure weight force beam, 12. Vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate, 13. Off-center load transmission leaf spring, 14. Off-center load limiting beam, 15. Off-center load center shaft, 16. Deflection lever plate, 17. Flexible coupling, 18. Test piece driven motor, 19. Off-center load hook weight, 20. Vertical loading guide column, 21. Accompanying test piece support bearing, 22. Test piece total loading guide column, 23. Vertical loading weight tray, 24. Vertical loading weight, 25. Guide column bushing, 26. Square bearing seat, 51. Accompanying test piece, 71. Test piece. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0014] 1. For example Figure 1 As shown, the biaxial friction and wear testing machine with off-center torque loading function involved in this invention mainly consists of a platform (1), a test specimen drive shaft motor (2), a torque sensor (3), a test specimen lower support seat (4), a test specimen shaft (5), a test specimen support bearing (6), a test specimen shaft (7), a test specimen upper support seat (8), an off-center load pressure sensor (9), a vertical load pressure sensor (10), a vertical pressure weight force beam (11), a vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12), and an off-center load transmission... The test piece consists of a leaf spring (13), an off-center load limiting beam (14), an off-center load center shaft (15), a deflection lever plate (16), an elastic coupling (17), a driven motor for the test piece (18), an off-center load hook weight (19), a vertical loading guide column (20), a supporting bearing for the test piece (21), a total loading guide column for the test piece (22), a vertical loading weight tray (23), a vertical loading weight (24), a guide column bushing (25), a square bearing seat (26), a supporting test piece (51), and a test piece (71).

[0015] 2. A biaxial friction and wear testing machine with off-center torque loading function, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the shaft of the test specimen drive motor (2) is connected to one end of the torque sensor (3), and the other end of the torque sensor (3) is connected to the test specimen (5). The test specimen shaft (5) is mounted on the test specimen lower support (4), and the test specimen (51) is mounted on the test specimen shaft (5). The test specimen (51) is mounted at the center of the two bearings of the test specimen lower support (4). The test specimen driven motor (18) is connected to the flexible coupling (17), and the flexible coupling (17) is connected to the test specimen shaft (7). The test specimen (71) is mounted on the test specimen shaft (7) and is located in the middle of the two test specimen support bearings (6). The test specimen (51) and the test specimen (71) are in radial contact and their center lines are aligned.

[0016] 3. When the dual-axis friction testing machine with off-center torque loading function is working, the auxiliary test specimen (51) connected to the auxiliary test specimen (51) is a drive motor (2), whose shaft is the drive shaft. The drive shaft drives the auxiliary test specimen (51) to rotate through the torque sensor (3) and the auxiliary test specimen shaft (5). The test specimen driven motor (18) connected to the test specimen (71) is a driven motor, whose shaft is the driven shaft. The driven shaft drives the test specimen (71) to rotate through the flexible coupling (17) and the test specimen shaft (7). The auxiliary test specimen (51) is in contact with the test specimen (71). By setting the corresponding speeds of the auxiliary test specimen drive motor (2) and the test specimen driven motor (18), the auxiliary test specimen (51) and the test specimen (71) can generate a set slip ratio. Under the rotation of the test specimen drive motor (2), the test specimen (51) and the test specimen (71) roll relative to each other and generate friction. By installing a torque sensor (3) on the shaft of the test specimen drive motor (2), the friction torque can be obtained. The friction torque data is received by a separate computer. The entire test process can be automated and unattended.

[0017] 4. The vertical loading mechanism of the biaxial friction and wear testing machine: The vertical loading weight (24) is placed on the vertical loading weight tray (23). The vertical load is applied to the vertical pressure weight force beam (11) through the vertical loading guide column (20), and then transmitted to the vertical coupling off-center load transmission plate (12) through the vertical load pressure sensor (10). Two square bearing seats (26) are installed below the vertical coupling off-center load transmission plate (12), and the off-center load center shaft (15) is installed on the two square bearing seats (26) through bearings. The vertical load is transmitted to both ends of the off-center load center shaft (15) through the two square bearing seats (26). The off-center load center shaft (15) is connected to the support seat (8) on the test piece by bolts. The test piece support bearing (6) is installed below the support seat (8) on the test piece, and the test piece shaft (7) is installed inside the test piece support bearing (6). The axis of the off-center load center shaft (15) is perpendicular to the axis of the test piece shaft (7). The vertical load is ultimately transmitted to both ends of the test piece shaft (7) via the off-center center shaft (15), the support seat (8) on the test piece, and the two test piece support bearings (6), and then to the test piece (71).

[0018] 5. When there is no suspended weight on the deflection lever plate (16), the two specimens roll relative to each other, which can simulate the friction wear of the rolling specimen under uniform vertical load. When the testing machine needs to conduct the friction wear test under uniform vertical loading conditions, remove the off-center load hook weight (19) on the deflection lever plate (16). Place a certain weight of vertical load weight (24) on the vertical load weight tray (23). The vertical load weight tray (23) generates gravity, which is transmitted to the vertical coupling off-center load transmission plate (12) through the vertical load guide column (20), the vertical pressure weight force beam (11), and the vertical load pressure sensor (10), and then transmitted by the vertical coupling off-center load transmission plate (12) to the two square bearing seats (26) below, and then to the front and rear ends of the off-center load center shaft (15). The eccentric load center shaft (15) applies force axially to the top surface of the test piece support seat (8), and transmits the force through the test piece support seat (8) to the two test piece support bearings (6) at the left and right ends, and finally through the two ends of the test piece shaft (7) to the test piece (71) to generate downward pressure. The forces on the two test piece support bearings (6) are equal in magnitude and downward in direction, so a uniform downward load is generated on the cylindrical surface of the test piece (71) in the axial direction, acting on the test piece (51). When the testing machine rotates, it can simulate the friction and wear situation when two cylindrical rollers roll relative to each other under a uniform load. Since the center of mass of the deflection lever plate (16) is concentric with the eccentric load center shaft (15), the eccentric load center shaft (15) has no eccentric torque in the radial direction, so the eccentric load center shaft (15) will not rotate along the axis.

[0019] 6. In the off-center torque loading mechanism of the biaxial friction and wear testing machine, the deflection lever plate (16) is installed at one end of the off-center load center shaft (15), and the center of mass of the deflection lever plate (16) is concentric with the off-center load center shaft (15). The off-center load hook weight (19) is installed at the end of the deflection lever plate (16) that needs to be deflected downward through the mounting hole on the deflection lever plate (16). The off-center load pressure sensor (9) is installed on the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12), and the lower end of the off-center load pressure sensor (9) extends out of the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12) and contacts the support end of the two off-center load transmission leaf springs (13). The two off-center load transmission leaf springs (13) and the off-center load limiting beam (14) are installed on the off-center load center shaft (15) by bolts. The off-center load limiting beam (14) is installed on the off-center load center shaft (15) by bolts and is parallel to the off-center load transmission leaf springs (13). The off-center load limiting beam (14) is separated from the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12) by a distance that is the maximum displacement of the support end of the off-center load transmission leaf spring (13) when it bears the set maximum off-center load.

[0020] 7. When a weight is suspended at one end of the deflection lever plate (16), such as Figure 1 As shown, an off-center load hook weight (19) can be suspended at the left end to simulate the friction wear of the friction pair under off-center load. The off-center load can be changed using the weight to test the friction wear of the rolling friction pair under off-center load. Based on the applied vertical load, a smaller mass off-center load hook weight (19) is suspended on the deflection lever plate (16). The deflection lever plate (16) generates torque, the magnitude of which is the product of the weight of the off-center load hook weight (19) and the distance between the suspension point and the center of mass of the deflection lever plate (16). The torque generated by the deflection lever plate (16) acts on the axis of the off-center load center shaft (15), generating torque radially around the circumference of the off-center load center shaft (15). Figure 1 As shown, a weight is loaded at the left end of the deflection lever plate (16). The direction of the torque generated by the off-center load center shaft (15) is counterclockwise, causing the off-center load center shaft (15) to rotate within the two square bearing seats (26). This causes the left ends of the two off-center load transmission leaf springs (13) to point downwards and the right ends to point upwards, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown. The upward force at the right end of the off-center load transmission leaf spring (13) will act on the protruding end of the lower end of the off-center load pressure sensor (9), and the off-center load pressure sensor (9) will generate a pressure signal. The gap at the left end of the off-center load limiting beam (14) increases and the gap at the right end decreases. Since the support seat (8) on the test piece is connected to the off-center load central shaft (15), the rotation of the off-center load central shaft (15) will generate a downward force at the left end of the support seat (8) on the test piece, and an upward force at the right end of the support seat (8) on the test piece. Finally, together with the force of the vertically loaded weight tray (23), they will generate a resultant force, resulting in a large downward force at the left end of the support seat (8) on the test piece and a small downward force at the right end. The test piece (71) generates an uneven downward load with one end larger and the other end smaller in the axial direction.

[0021] 8. Without the off-center load limiting beam (14), if the mass of the off-center load hook weight (19) suspended on the deflection lever plate (16) is too large when a vertical load is applied, the rotation of the off-center load center axis (15) will generate an upward force on the right end of the support seat (8) on the test piece, which is higher than the downward force generated by the vertical load weight tray (23). At this time, the force generated on the left end of the support seat (8) on the test piece is still downward, but the downward force on the right end will become an upward force. The entire mechanism will have a flipping torque, and a gap will appear at the right end of the test piece (71) and the test piece (51) in line contact. When the off-center load limiting beam (14) is installed, the right end gap of the off-center load limiting beam (14) will be reduced to zero, and the off-center load transmission leaf spring (13) will stop deforming. By designing the distance between the off-center load limiting beam (14) and the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12), the upward force generated at the right end of the support seat (8) on the test piece due to the rotation of the off-center load center axis (15) can be avoided, which would be higher than the downward force generated by the vertically loaded weight tray (23). This avoids applying excessive bending moment, ensures that the elastic deformation of the off-center load transmission leaf spring (13) is within a certain safe range, and guarantees the accuracy of the test.

Claims

1. A biaxial friction and wear testing machine with off-center torque loading function, characterized in that, The test platform includes a test specimen (51), a test specimen (71), and a sample rotation mechanism, a vertical pressure loading mechanism, an off-center torque loading mechanism, a test support device, and a test platform. The sample rotation mechanism includes a test specimen drive shaft motor (2), a torque sensor (3), a test specimen shaft (5), a test specimen driven motor (18), a flexible coupling (17), and a test specimen shaft (7). The vertical pressure loading mechanism includes a vertical loading weight (24), a vertical loading weight tray (23), a vertical loading guide column (20), a vertical pressure weight force beam (11), and a test specimen assembly. The loading guide column (22), vertical load pressure sensor (10), vertical coupling off-center load transmission plate (12), and square bearing seat (26) are included; the off-center load torque loading mechanism includes off-center load hook weight (19), deflection lever plate (16), off-center load pressure sensor (9), off-center load transmission leaf spring (13), off-center load limiting beam (14), and off-center load center shaft (15); the test support device consists of lower support seat (4) for the test specimen, support bearing (21) for the test specimen, upper support seat (8) for the test specimen, and support bearing (6) for the test specimen; the test platform consists of platform (1) and guide column bushing (25).

2. A biaxial friction and wear testing machine with eccentric torque loading function as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The shaft of the test specimen drive motor (2) is connected to one end of the torque sensor (3), and the other end of the torque sensor (3) is connected to the test specimen (5). The test specimen shaft (5) is installed on the test specimen lower support seat (4), and the test specimen (51) is installed on the test specimen shaft (5). The test specimen (51) is installed at the center of the two bearings of the test specimen lower support seat (4). The test specimen driven motor (18) is connected to the flexible coupling (17), and the flexible coupling (17) is connected to the test specimen shaft (7). The test specimen (71) is installed on the test specimen shaft (7) and is located in the middle of the two test specimen support bearings (6). The test specimen (51) and the test specimen (71) are in radial contact and their center lines are aligned.

3. A biaxial friction and wear testing machine with eccentric torque loading function as described in claim 1, characterized in that... A vertically loaded weight (24) is placed on a vertically loaded weight tray (23). The vertical load is applied to the vertical pressure weight force beam (11) via a vertically loaded guide column (20), and then transmitted to a vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12) via a vertically loaded pressure sensor (10). Two square bearing seats (26) are installed below the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12). The off-center load center shaft (15) is mounted on the two square bearing seats (26) via bearings. The vertical load is transmitted to the off-center load center shaft (15) via the two square bearing seats (26). At both ends of the central shaft (15), the off-center central shaft (15) is connected to the upper support seat (8) of the test piece by bolts. The test piece support bearing (6) is installed below the upper support seat (8) of the test piece. The test piece shaft (7) is installed inside the test piece support bearing (6). The axis of the off-center central shaft (15) is perpendicular to the axis of the test piece shaft (7). The vertical load is finally transmitted to both ends of the test piece shaft (7) through the off-center central shaft (15), the upper support seat (8) of the test piece, and the two test piece support bearings (6), and then to the test piece (71).

4. A biaxial friction and wear testing machine with eccentric torque loading function as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The deflection lever plate (16) is installed at one end of the off-center load center shaft (15). The center of mass of the deflection lever plate (16) is concentric with the off-center load center shaft (15). The off-center load hook weight (19) is installed at the end of the deflection lever plate (16) that needs to be deflected downward through the mounting hole on the deflection lever plate (16). The off-center load pressure sensor (9) is installed on the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12). The lower end of the off-center load pressure sensor (9) extends out of the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12) and contacts the support end of the two off-center load transmission leaf springs (13). The two off-center load transmission leaf springs (13) and the off-center load limiting beam (14) are installed on the off-center load center shaft (15) by bolts. The off-center load limiting beam (14) is separated from the vertically coupled off-center load transmission plate (12) by a distance that is the maximum displacement of the support end of the off-center load transmission leaf spring (13) when it bears the set maximum off-center load.

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