A device for simulating the destruction of surrounding rock of a shallow-buried tunnel

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of shallow-buried tunnel surrounding rock failure simulation device, belong to tunnel construction technical field, including transparent and top opening test box, detachably connected with tunnel model between the front and rear sidewall of the test box, surrounding rock for covering tunnel model is arranged in the test box, base is fixed in the tunnel model, a plurality of support rods connected with the inner wall of tunnel model are arranged on the base, monitoring instrument is arranged at the end of the support rod, vibration generator is further arranged in the tunnel model;Building model is arranged above the surrounding rock, and pile foundation model is arranged in the surrounding rock in the lower end of building model;Sensor for detecting the settlement of building model is arranged on the test box;The purpose of the application is to solve the problem that the existing shallow-buried tunnel surrounding rock failure simulation device does not consider the influence of tunnel surrounding rock failure on building (structure).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically relating to a device for simulating the damage of surrounding rock in shallow-buried tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing density of buildings and infrastructure, road networks are being developed underground to alleviate urban traffic congestion, leading to a growing number of tunnel projects in urban transportation construction. New tunnels inevitably need to pass under existing buildings and structures, posing significant challenges to risk control during construction and ensuring the safety of existing structures. This necessitates the use of shallow-buried tunnel surrounding rock failure simulation devices to conduct tests and assess construction conditions, ensuring safety during construction.

[0003] The construction of new tunnels disturbs the strata, causing stress redistribution and deformation that is transmitted upwards to the existing buildings and structures, altering the properties and bearing capacity of the existing foundation strata. Due to the close and complex interaction between the foundation and the strata, changes in the foundation's bearing capacity affect the internal forces within the foundation, which are then transmitted to the superstructure, leading to overall settlement, uneven settlement, and various deformations, such as tilting and cracking. Severe deformation can affect the normal use of existing buildings and structures. However, existing shallow-buried tunnel surrounding rock failure simulation devices often fail to consider the impact on buildings and structures under conditions of tunnel surrounding rock failure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention discloses a shallow tunnel surrounding rock failure simulation device, the purpose of which is to solve the problem that existing shallow tunnel surrounding rock failure simulation devices do not take into account the impact on buildings (structures) under the condition of tunnel surrounding rock failure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A device for simulating the failure of surrounding rock in shallow-buried tunnels includes a transparent test chamber with an open top. A tunnel model is detachably connected between the front and rear side walls of the test chamber. Surrounding rock is placed inside the test chamber to cover the tunnel model. A base is fixed inside the tunnel model, and several support rods connected to the inner wall of the tunnel model are installed on the base. Each support rod is equipped with a monitoring instrument at its end. A vibration generator is also installed inside the tunnel model. A building model is placed above the surrounding rock, and a pile foundation model buried in the surrounding rock is placed at the lower end of the building model. Sensors for detecting the settlement of the building model are installed on the test chamber.

[0007] In this scheme, existing buildings are simulated using building models and pile foundation models submerged in surrounding rock. Vibration generators are used to simulate the disturbance to the strata caused by tunnel construction until the surrounding rock fails. Throughout the process, sensors are used to monitor the settlement of the building models in real time to simulate the settlement impact of the construction process on existing buildings. At the same time, support rods and monitoring instruments are used to monitor the tunnel's load-bearing capacity in real time to simulate the load-bearing capacity of the tunnel's protective structure when the surrounding rock fails.

[0008] Furthermore, the building model includes a foundation platform connected to the pile foundation model. A connecting rod is fixed to the top of the foundation platform, and several counterweights are fitted onto the connecting rod. A fixing nut is threaded onto the top of the connecting rod. Several positioning holes are provided at both the front and rear ends of the foundation platform. Vertical moving grooves are provided on the inner sidewalls of the front and rear of the test chamber. Adjusting seats are slidably connected in the moving grooves. Each adjusting seat is equipped with a power device for driving its synchronous longitudinal movement. Horizontally arranged sliding grooves are provided on the opposing sidewalls of the adjusting seats. Sliding blocks are slid horizontally in the sliding grooves. Electric telescopic rods are provided on the sliding blocks.

[0009] After the tunnel model is fixed, sand and gravel simulating the surrounding rock are laid. The building model is clamped by telescopic rods at both ends that engage with positioning holes. A power device drives the adjusting seat to move vertically, thereby moving the building model vertically and adjusting the longitudinal distance between the building model and the tunnel model. Simultaneously, a horizontal sliding block moves the building model horizontally, adjusting the lateral distance between the building model and the tunnel model. After adjustment, the telescopic rods retract, placing the building model on the surrounding rock. This allows for precise control of the positional relationship between the existing structure and the tunnel, improving experimental accuracy. Furthermore, the horizontal displacement of the building model pushes excess sand and gravel to both sides of the test chamber, making the surrounding rock level with the building model, thus making the simulation more closely resemble real construction conditions. In addition, by adjusting the number of counterweights, the height and weight of the building can be adjusted to meet various experimental needs.

[0010] Furthermore, the foundation has an internal cavity with several connection holes at the bottom that communicate with the outside. Each connection hole has a drive sleeve rotatably connected to its top. Adjacent drive sleeves are connected by gear transmission. A vertically arranged rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the foundation, with its bottom extending into the cavity and coaxially fixed with one of the gears. The pile foundation model includes several pile foundation rods, each of which slides vertically with its corresponding connection hole and is threadedly connected to its corresponding drive sleeve.

[0011] In this scheme, a rotating shaft drives the gear to rotate, and through gear transmission, all drive sleeves are simultaneously driven to rotate, thereby controlling the vertical movement of the pile foundation rod. This allows for adjustment of the length of the pile foundation extending into the surrounding rock, making the control conditions of the simulation test more diversified.

[0012] Furthermore, a height position indicator line is provided on the outer wall of the test chamber, and a horizontal position indicator line is provided on the slide groove.

[0013] Furthermore, a magnet for attracting the end of the telescopic rod is provided inside the positioning hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the test chamber is provided with a recycling bin with an open top on both the left and right side walls, and both ends of the adjustment seat are detachably connected to the corresponding recycling bin, with the top of the adjustment seat flush with the bottom of the support platform.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the adjustment seat is wedge-shaped.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent to those skilled in the art in some respects, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following figures are provided for illustration:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0021] The following are the markings in the attached diagram: 1. Test chamber; 2. Tunnel model; 3. Base; 4. Support rod; 5. Foundation; 6. Connecting rod; 7. Counterweight; 8. Fixing nut; 9. Adjusting seat; 10. Slide seat; 11. Telescopic rod; 12. Drive sleeve; 13. Gear; 14. Rotating shaft; 15. Pile foundation rod; 16. Recycling box. Detailed Implementation

[0022] like Figures 1-3 As shown:

[0023] A device for simulating the failure of surrounding rock in shallow-buried tunnels includes a transparent test chamber 1 with an open top. A tunnel model 2 is detachably connected between the front and rear side walls of the test chamber 1. Surrounding rock is placed inside the test chamber 1 to cover the tunnel model 2. A base 3 is fixed inside the tunnel model 2. Several support rods 4 connected to the inner wall of the tunnel model 2 are installed on the base 3. Each support rod 4 has a monitoring instrument at its end. A vibration generator is also installed inside the tunnel model 2. A building model is placed above the surrounding rock, and a pile foundation model buried in the surrounding rock is placed at the lower end of the building model. Sensors for detecting the settlement of the building model are installed on the test chamber 1.

[0024] In this scheme, existing buildings are simulated using building models and pile foundation models submerged in surrounding rock. At the same time, a vibration generator is used to simulate the disturbance to the strata caused by tunnel construction until the surrounding rock is damaged. Throughout the process, sensors are used to detect the settlement of the building model in real time to simulate the settlement impact of the entire construction process on the existing buildings. Meanwhile, the support rods 4 and monitoring instruments are used to detect the load-bearing capacity of the tunnel in real time to simulate the load-bearing capacity of the protective structure inside the tunnel when the surrounding rock is damaged.

[0025] In this embodiment, the building model includes a foundation 5 connected to the pile foundation model. A connecting rod 6 is fixed to the top of the foundation 5. Several counterweights 7 are sleeved on the connecting rod 6. A fixing nut 8 is threaded to the top of the connecting rod 6. Several positioning holes are opened at both the front and rear ends of the foundation 5. The front and rear inner sidewalls of the test chamber 1 are vertically opened with moving grooves. Adjusting seats 9 are slidably connected in the moving grooves. Each adjusting seat 9 is provided with a power device for driving its synchronous longitudinal movement. Horizontally set sliding grooves are opened on the opposing sidewalls of the adjusting seats 9. Sliding blocks 10 slide horizontally in the sliding grooves. Electric telescopic rods 11 are provided on the sliding blocks 10.

[0026] After the tunnel model 2 is fixed, sand and gravel simulating the surrounding rock are laid. The building model is clamped by the telescopic rods 11 at both ends cooperating with the positioning holes. The adjustment seat 9 is driven by a power device to move vertically, thereby moving the building model vertically and adjusting the longitudinal distance between the building model and the tunnel model 2. At the same time, the horizontal sliding seat 10 is used to move the building model horizontally, thereby adjusting the lateral distance between the building model and the tunnel model 2. After adjustment, the telescopic rods 11 are retracted, placing the building model on the surrounding rock. This achieves precise control of the positional relationship between the existing building and the tunnel, improving the accuracy of the experiment. Furthermore, when the building model moves horizontally, excess sand and gravel is pushed to both sides of the test chamber 1, making the surrounding rock level with the building model, making the simulation experiment more closely resemble real construction conditions. In addition, by adjusting the number of counterweights 7, the height and weight of the building can be adjusted to meet the needs of various experiments.

[0027] In this embodiment, the foundation 5 has a cavity inside, and the bottom of the cavity has several connection holes that communicate with the outside. The top of each connection hole is rotatably connected to a drive sleeve 12. Adjacent drive sleeves 12 are driven by gears 13. A vertically arranged rotating shaft 14 is rotatably connected to the foundation 5. The bottom of the rotating shaft 14 extends into the cavity and is coaxially fixed with one of the gears 13. The pile foundation model includes several pile foundation rods 15. Each pile foundation rod 15 slides vertically with its corresponding connection hole, and the pile foundation rod 15 is threadedly connected to its corresponding drive sleeve 12.

[0028] In this scheme, the rotating shaft 14 drives the gear 13 to rotate, and through the gear 13 transmission, all drive sleeves 12 are driven to rotate simultaneously, thereby controlling the vertical movement of the pile foundation rod 15, so as to adjust the length of the pile foundation extending into the surrounding rock, making the control conditions of the simulation test more diversified.

[0029] In this embodiment, the outer wall of the test chamber 1 is provided with a height position indicator line for indicating the height of the building model, and the slide is provided with a horizontal position indicator line for indicating the horizontal position of the building model.

[0030] In this embodiment, a magnet is provided in the positioning hole for adsorbing the end of the telescopic rod 11, so that the telescopic rod 11 can be quickly aligned with the positioning hole.

[0031] In this embodiment, the test chamber 1 is provided with a recycling box 16 with a top opening on both the left and right side walls. Both ends of the adjustment seat 9 are detachably connected to the corresponding recycling box 16, and the top of the adjustment seat 9 is flush with the bottom of the support platform 5. Excess sand and gravel are pushed into the recycling box 16 by the horizontal displacement of the building model, which is convenient for recycling.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bottom of the adjustment seat 9 is wedge-shaped.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the failure of surrounding rock in a shallow tunnel, characterized by: The utility model provides a tunnel and building settlement test device, including transparent and top opening test box, detachable connection with tunnel model between test box front and back side wall, be provided with surrounding rock for covering tunnel model in test box, fixed base is inside tunnel model, a plurality of support pole that are connected with tunnel model inner wall are arranged on the base, monitoring instrument is arranged on the end of support pole, vibration generator is still provided in tunnel model, building model is arranged above surrounding rock, pile foundation model that is not in surrounding rock is arranged to building model lower extreme, sensor that detects building model settlement is arranged on test box, building model includes the pile foundation model connection bearing platform, the connecting rod is fixed to bearing platform top end, a plurality of counterweight is sleeved on the connecting rod, fixed nut is connected on the connecting rod top, a plurality of positioning hole is formed to bearing platform front and back two ends, the mobile slot is vertically formed to test box front and back inner side wall, the adjusting seat is slidably connected in mobile slot, the power device for driving its synchronous longitudinal movement is arranged to adjusting seat, the horizontally arranged sliding slot is formed to the opposite sidewall of adjusting seat, the sliding seat is horizontally slid in sliding slot, and the electric telescopic rod is arranged to sliding seat, the cavity is arranged to bearing platform, a plurality of connecting hole that communicates with the outside is formed to the bottom of cavity, the drive sleeve is rotatably connected to the top of connecting hole, and the gear transmission is passed through between adjacent drive sleeve, the vertically arranged rotating shaft is rotatably connected to bearing platform, and the rotating shaft bottom extends into the cavity and is coaxially fixed with one gear, the pile foundation model includes a plurality of pile foundation rods, the pile foundation rod is vertically slid with corresponding connecting hole, and the pile foundation rod is screw connected with corresponding drive sleeve.

2. The device for simulating the failure of surrounding rock of a shallow tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Height position indicating line is arranged on the outer wall of test box, and horizontal position indicating line is arranged on the sliding slot.

3. The device for simulating the failure of surrounding rock of a shallow tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: Magnet for adsorbing the end of telescopic rod is arranged in the positioning hole.

4. The device for simulating the failure of surrounding rock of a shallow tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top opening recovery box is arranged on the left and right side walls of test box, the adjusting seat is detachably connected with corresponding recovery box on both ends, and the top of adjusting seat is flush with the bottom of bearing platform.

5. The device for simulating the failure of surrounding rock of a shallow tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of adjusting seat is wedge-shaped.

Images