Architectural device for studying the biomechanics of the rotator cuff

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of biomechanics research technology and discloses an architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. The device includes a frame assembled from multiple alloy profiles. A support base is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the frame via a truss, and a scapular plate is obliquely mounted on one side of the support base. Multiple columns are bolted to the left side of the frame. Each column has two pulley assemblies connected to its sidewall. One pulley assembly is connected to a loading mechanism, and the other is connected to a support mechanism. The loading mechanism is movably mounted on the sidewall of the column and can generate linearly varying tension. This architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics can apply linear tension to the rotator cuff muscle tissue in multiple directions, simulating the effect of muscle contraction on the humerus. It can also reverse the pulling action on the humerus to observe the contraction and extension state of the rotator cuff muscle tissue, which is beneficial for medical research and teaching demonstrations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomechanical research technology, specifically to a structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. Background Technology

[0002] The shoulder joint is the most complex and important upper limb joint in the human body, playing a crucial role in weight-bearing and movement. The rotator cuff muscles consist of the supraspinatus (abductor of the upper arm), subscapularis (internal rotation of the upper arm), infraspinatus, and teres minor (external rotation of the upper arm). The tendons insert into the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus and part of the lateral neck of the humerus, forming conjoined tendons. Resembling a cuff, they are called the rotator cuff, tendon cuff, or rotator cuff. This muscle group suspends the humerus, stabilizes the humeral head, and assists the deltoid muscle in abducting the upper arm. Normal shoulder joint function requires a balance between the mobility and stability of the glenohumeral joint. There is a 2:1 "rhythmic" relationship between the range of motion of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints, which is essential for the shoulder joint to perform important functions. The rotator cuff structure directly covers the glenohumeral joint, acting as a "dynamic" stabilizing device. During muscle contraction, it increases the strength of the joint capsule ligaments. During passive traction, it also functions like a "dynamic ligament." More importantly, the rotator cuff also participates in forming a force couple that controls the position of the humerus and adjusts the forces crossing the glenohumeral joint.

[0003] During the study of specimens, it was found that the supraspinatus muscle had the greatest strength during maximum isometric force exertion in abduction and external rotation, while the infraspinatus muscle had the greatest strength in adduction and external rotation. By calculating the muscle force during shoulder internal rotation, it was found that the subscapularis and pectoralis major muscles played a major role during internal rotation. After studying the geometry and stress of the supraspinatus tendon using two-dimensional finite element analysis and MRI technology, it was found that as the shoulder joint gradually abducts, the stress shifts laterally toward the insertion point. Therefore, the supraspinatus tendon experiences the greatest stress near the insertion point at the joint edge. These forces change with the movement of the shoulder joint and concentrate laterally at the greater tubercle of the humerus.

[0004] Currently, due to the complex structure of the shoulder joint, research devices for rotator cuff biomechanics mainly rely on rotator cuff models. Although these models can visually demonstrate the biological structure of the rotator cuff, they cannot demonstrate the specific process by which muscles control the movement of the humerus when exerting force, which is not conducive to medical research and teaching demonstrations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. It can apply linear tension to the rotator cuff muscle tissue in multiple directions, simulating the effect of muscle contraction on the humerus. Furthermore, it can pull the humerus in the opposite direction to observe the extension and contraction state of the rotator cuff muscle tissue. This has advantages such as being beneficial for medical research and teaching demonstrations, and solves the problem that it is impossible to demonstrate the specific movement process of the humerus when the muscle tissue exerts force, which is not conducive to medical research and demonstration.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics, comprising a frame, the frame being assembled from multiple alloy profiles, a support base being fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame via a truss, and a scapular plate being installed obliquely on one side of the support base; multiple columns being fixedly connected to the left side of the frame by bolts, and two pulley assemblies being connected to the side walls of the multiple columns, one of the pulley assemblies being connected to a loading mechanism, and the other pulley assembly being connected to a support mechanism;

[0009] The loading mechanism is movably mounted on the side wall of the column and can generate a linearly varying tensile force, which is applied to the specimen model via a pull rope.

[0010] The support mechanism is movably installed on the side wall of the column to support the pulley assembly, causing the guy wire to bend and change the direction and height of the transmitted tension.

[0011] An arc-shaped plate is bolted to the right side of the frame. A fastener is mounted on the side wall of the arc-shaped plate, and a humeral rod is mounted on the fastener. A fastening kit is mounted on the humeral rod. Two symmetrically arranged hangers are bolted to the upper side of the frame. A perforated plate is fixedly connected between the two hangers. The side wall of the scapular plate is hinged to a support base. A support block is fixedly connected to the support base. A lead screw is sleeved through a square hole on one side of the support block. An internally threaded tube is connected to the wall of the lead screw. The internally threaded tube is rotatably connected to one side of the support block by a pin. A knob is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw. A connecting block is rotatably connected to the other end of the lead screw through a rolling bearing. The connecting block is rotatably connected to one side of the scapular plate through a connecting shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the loading mechanism includes two fixing blocks, which are located on both sides of the column and fixedly connected by bolts. Two symmetrically distributed support arms are fixedly connected to the corners of the fixing blocks. A support plate is fixedly connected to the lower ends of the two support arms. Two guide rods are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the support plate. The walls of the two guide rods are provided with horizontal plates. The side walls of the horizontal plates are sleeved with the walls of the guide rods through through holes. A limit block is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the guide rods.

[0013] A first pulley is provided above the horizontal plate. The center of the first pulley is rotatably connected to one side of the fixed block via a rotating shaft. Two connecting plates are fixedly connected to the lower end of the horizontal plate. A load-bearing plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the two connecting plates. A placement groove is provided at the upper end of the load-bearing plate.

[0014] Preferably, a tension sensor assembly is provided at the upper end of the horizontal plate, and a lifting lug is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tension sensor assembly. An electromagnet is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support plate, and the electromagnet is located below the load-bearing plate.

[0015] Preferably, a counterweight is provided below the load plate, and the counterweight is located below the electromagnet. Two connecting rods are symmetrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the counterweight. Two bending parts are provided on the rod wall of each of the two connecting rods, and a snap-fit ​​part is provided at one end of the bending part. A positioning groove that cooperates with the snap-fit ​​part is provided at the upper end of the load plate.

[0016] Preferably, the support mechanism includes a first locking block and a second locking block, both of which are locked onto the column. A frame is fixedly connected between the first and second locking blocks. The first locking block is rotatably connected to an extension arm via a pin. One end of the extension arm is provided with two second pulleys. The lower end of the extension arm is rotatably connected to a diagonal support arm via a pivot pin. One end of the diagonal support arm is obliquely fixedly connected to a pin. The side wall of the column is provided with multiple evenly distributed slots, and the slots cooperate with the pins.

[0017] The side wall of the column is symmetrically provided with two anti-rotation limiting grooves. The first and second locking blocks are each provided with two anti-rotation positioning blocks. The anti-rotation positioning blocks are located in the anti-rotation limiting grooves. The pin is provided with two positioning clips. Both positioning blocks are fixed to the lower end of the second locking block.

[0018] Preferably, one end of the extendable arm is provided with a rectangular blind hole, and a telescopic arm is sleeved in the rectangular blind hole. One end of the telescopic arm is rotatably connected to the center of the two second pulleys through a rotating shaft. A rectangular through hole is provided at the upper end of the extendable arm, and a locking bolt is sleeved in the rectangular through hole. One side of the telescopic arm is connected to the locking bolt through a threaded hole.

[0019] Preferably, the connector includes a mounting block, the side wall of which has a mounting hole that mates with the arc-shaped plate. The mounting block is sleeved with the arc-shaped plate through the mounting hole. One side of the mounting block is sleeved with the wall of the humeral rod through a round hole. A fixing bolt is threadedly connected to the side wall of the mounting block through a threaded hole. A limiting strip with an arc-shaped structure is fixedly connected to one side of the arc-shaped plate, and the curvature of the limiting strip is the same as the curvature of the arc-shaped plate.

[0020] An arc-shaped groove is provided on one side of the mounting hole. The arc-shaped groove is sleeved with the limiting strip, and a locking component is installed on one side of the arc-shaped groove.

[0021] Preferably, the locking assembly includes a locking tongue, an assembly hole is provided on one side of the arc-shaped groove, the locking tongue is sleeved in the assembly hole, a brake block is sleeved on one side of the assembly hole through a strip-shaped through hole, one end of the brake block is fixedly connected to the locking tongue, a strong magnet is fixedly connected to the other side of the arc-shaped groove through a blind hole, and a plurality of evenly distributed locking holes are provided on one side of the limiting strip.

[0022] Preferably, the brake block has two support parts on one side, and a positioning shaft is rotatably connected between the two support parts. A protrusion is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the positioning shaft, and a brake frame is fixedly connected to both ends of the positioning shaft. Two notches are opened on one side of the limiting strip, and the two notches are respectively located on both sides of the locking hole. The notches are engaged with the brake frame, and a positioning plate is fixedly connected to one side of the brake frame.

[0023] Preferably, a crossbeam is fixedly connected to the upper side of the frame by bolts, a sliding plate is sleeved on the lower end of the crossbeam, a third pulley is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sliding plate, and a screw is threadedly connected to one side of the sliding plate through a threaded hole.

[0024] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. When using this invention, the specimen is fixed to the scapular plate with screws, and the humeral rod and the specimen humerus are connected by a fixing kit. Then, the non-elastic rope is passed around the third pulley, the second pulley in the support mechanism, and the first pulley in the loading mechanism in sequence as needed. The non-elastic rope is fixed to the counterweight part of the loading mechanism, and the other end is fixed to the corresponding position on the specimen. Finally, the positions of the support mechanism and the loading mechanism on the column are adjusted according to the distribution of muscle tissue, so that the relevant research on rotator cuff mechanics can be carried out and the relevant experimental records can be made.

[0027] 2. The loading mechanism of this invention, when in use, after the elastic rope is fixed to the lifting lug, the counterweight is snapped under the load plate to provide a fixed pulling force. At the same time, the counterweight can be placed on the load plate to increase the range of the pulling force. In addition, when a linear pulling force is required, the electromagnet is directly activated. The attraction force generated by the electromagnet on the counterweight provides a linear pulling force to the load plate. Furthermore, the tension sensor assembly set on the horizontal plate can measure the magnitude of the pulling force in real time, thereby providing a linearly variable pulling force when studying rotator cuff biomechanics, increasing the scope of research.

[0028] 3. The support mechanism provided in this invention allows for the following steps during use: First, adjust the extended arm to the required height, then lower the diagonal brace so that the pin engages with the slot. At this time, the diagonal brace supports the extended arm, and the pin limits the second locking block, preventing it from sliding on the column. Simultaneously, the positioning clip located below the second locking block works with the pin to enhance the limiting effect on the second locking block. If it is necessary to extend the support range of the extended arm, loosen the locking bolt. The telescopic arm can then be pulled out, and the second pulley will move away from the column. Then, tighten the locking bolt. This allows for arbitrary adjustment of the vertical and horizontal positions of the second pulley within a certain range, enabling the inelastic pull rope to bend into the desired state. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural device proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism in the scaffold structure proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism in the scaffold structure proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism in the scaffold structure proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. Figure 3 ;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first locking block, the second locking block, and the frame in the structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the loading mechanism in the architectural device proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross plate, connecting plate, and load-bearing plate in the structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics proposed in this invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped plate and humeral rod in the structural device proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the arc-shaped plate and mounting block in the structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics proposed in this invention.

[0038] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the locking tongue and brake frame in the structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics proposed in this invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the brake frame and protrusion in the structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics proposed in this invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the locking tongue and braking block in the structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics proposed in this invention;

[0041] Figure 13 The structural device proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics Figure 1 Enlarged view of the result at point A;

[0042] Figure 14 The present invention provides an architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at point B;

[0043] Figure 15 The present invention provides an architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics. Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at point C;

[0044] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating the effect of using the structural device proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics.

[0045] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the support base and scapular plate in the structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics proposed in this invention.

[0046] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the suspension rod and perforated plate in the structural device proposed in this invention for studying rotator cuff biomechanics.

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Crossbeam; 3. Curved plate; 4. Humeral rod; 5. Fixing kit; 6. Column; 7. Scapular plate; 8. Slot; 9. Anti-rotation limiting slot; 10. First locking block; 11. Frame; 12. Second locking block; 13. Positioning clip; 14. Pin; 15. Diagonal brace arm; 16. Extending arm; 17. Second pulley; 18. Telescopic arm; 19. Anti-rotation positioning block; 20. Support arm; 21. Tension sensor assembly; 22. Guide rod; 23. Support plate; 24. Electromagnet; 5. Counterweight; 26. Connecting rod; 27. Load plate; 28. Connecting plate; 29. ​​Horizontal plate; 30. First pulley; 31. Snap-fit ​​part; 32. Limiting strip; 33. Mounting block; 34. Brake frame; 35. Positioning plate; 36. Brake block; 37. Sliding plate; 38. Third pulley; 39. Locking tongue; 40. Strong magnet; 41. Protrusion; 42. Locking hole; 43. Notch; 44. Knob; 45. Lead screw; 46. Internally threaded pipe; 47. Support block; 48. Perforated plate; 49. Hanging rod. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] See attached document Figure 1-18A structural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics includes a frame 1, which is assembled from multiple alloy profiles. A crossbeam 2 is bolted to the upper side of the frame 1. A sliding plate 37 is fitted onto the lower end of the crossbeam 2. A third pulley 38 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sliding plate 37. A screw is threaded into one side of the sliding plate 37 via a threaded hole. Two symmetrically arranged suspension rods 49 are bolted to the upper side of the frame 1. A perforated plate 48 is fixedly connected between the two suspension rods 49. The number and size of the holes in the perforated plate 48 are not limited to those in the attached... The structure shown in the figure can be customized according to actual needs. Both the suspension rod 49 and the crossbeam 2 are bolted together, allowing for easy repositioning during testing. This facilitates the passage of the non-elastic rope through the perforated plate 48 or the third pulley 38 on the crossbeam 2. When the non-elastic rope passes through the holes in the perforated plate 48, it can be limited to ensure alignment with the pulley assembly on the support mechanism. A support base is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame 1 via a truss, and a scapular plate 7 is installed obliquely on one side of the support base. The sidewall of the scapular plate 7 is hinged... A chain is rotatably connected to a support base, on which a support block 47 is fixedly connected. A lead screw 45 is sleeved through a square hole on one side of the support block 47. An internally threaded tube 46 is connected to the wall of the lead screw 45, and the internally threaded tube 46 is rotatably connected to one side of the support block 47 by a pin. A knob 44 is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw 45, and a connecting block is rotatably connected to the other end of the lead screw 45 through a rolling bearing. The connecting block is rotatably connected to one side of the scapular plate 7 through a connecting shaft. Multiple columns 6 are fixedly connected to the left side of the frame 1 by bolts, and two [unclear - possibly referring to two or more] are connected to the side walls of each column 6. A pulley assembly, one of which is connected to a loading mechanism, and the other is connected to a support mechanism. The loading mechanism is movably mounted on the side wall of the column 6 and can generate a linearly varying tension, which acts on the specimen model through a pull rope. The support mechanism is movably mounted on the side wall of the column 6 to support the pulley assembly, causing the pull rope to bend and change the direction and height of the transmitted tension. An arc plate 3 is fixedly mounted on the right side of the frame 1 by bolts. A fastener is installed on the side wall of the arc plate 3, and a humeral rod 4 is installed on the fastener, and a fixing kit 5 is installed on the humeral rod 4.

[0051] The connector includes a mounting block 33. The side wall of the mounting block 33 has a mounting hole that mates with the arc-shaped plate 3. The mounting block 33 is sleeved with the arc-shaped plate 3 through the mounting hole. One side of the mounting block 33 is sleeved with the wall of the humeral rod 4 through a round hole. A fixing bolt is threadedly connected to the side wall of the mounting block 33 through a threaded hole. A curved limiting strip 32 is fixedly connected to one side of the arc-shaped plate 3, and the curvature of the limiting strip 32 is the same as that of the arc-shaped plate 3. An arc-shaped groove is formed on one side of the mounting hole, and the arc-shaped groove sleeves with the limiting strip 32. A locking assembly is installed on one side of the arc-shaped groove. The locking assembly includes a locking tongue 39. An assembly hole is formed on one side of the arc-shaped groove, and the locking tongue 39 is sleeved in the assembly hole. A brake block 36 is fitted onto one side of the hole through a strip-shaped through hole. One end of the brake block 36 is fixedly connected to the locking tongue 39. A strong magnet 40 is fixedly connected to the other side of the arc-shaped groove through a blind hole. Multiple evenly distributed locking holes 42 are provided on one side of the limiting strip 32. Two support parts are provided on one side of the brake block 36. A positioning shaft is rotatably connected between the two support parts. A protrusion 41 is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the positioning shaft. A brake frame 34 is fixedly connected to both ends of the positioning shaft. Two notches 43 are provided on one side of the limiting strip 32. The two notches 43 are located on both sides of the locking hole 42. The notches 43 are engaged with the brake frame 34. A positioning plate 35 is fixedly connected to one side of the brake frame 34.

[0052] The connector can quickly fix the humeral rod 4 during use. The locking hole 42 on the limiting strip 32 is 15° away from the center of the arc plate 3. When the mounting block 33 moves to a certain locking hole 42, the strong magnet 40 attracts the locking tongue 39. When the locking tongue 39 passes through the locking hole 42, it can fix the mounting block 33. Secondly, in order to increase the stability of locking, after the locking tongue 39 passes through the locking hole 42, the brake frame 34 is swung. After swinging, it is locked in the notch 43, which plays a secondary locking role. At the same time, the protrusion 41 set on the positioning shaft also swings and presses the edge of the limiting strip 32, so that the brake frame 34 cannot swing on its own without the action of external force. This achieves the purpose of quickly adjusting the tilt angle of the humeral rod 4 and avoids the slippage phenomenon that exists in traditional bolt locking and the mechanical damage caused by rigid contact locking.

[0053] When using this invention, according to Figure 16As shown by the dotted line, the specimen is fixed to the scapular plate 7 with screws, and the humeral rod 4 and the specimen humerus are connected by the fixing kit 5. Then, the non-elastic rope (shown by the dotted line in the figure) is passed around the third pulley 38, the second pulley 17 in the support mechanism, and the first pulley 30 in the loading mechanism in sequence as needed. The non-elastic rope is fixed to the counterweight part of the loading mechanism, and the other end is fixed to the corresponding position on the specimen. Finally, the positions of the support mechanism and the loading mechanism on the column 6 are adjusted according to the distribution of muscle tissue. The relevant research on rotator cuff mechanics can be carried out and the relevant experimental records can be made. The following operations can be performed during the experiment.

[0054] 1. Manually control the humerus specimen to cause the muscle components within the model to stretch and contract. During this stretching and contraction, the counterweight in the loading mechanism can be moved on column 6 by pulling with a non-elastic rope. This is recorded as the stretching and contraction of the rotator cuff muscles when the humerus performs a certain movement.

[0055] 2. Using the fixing kit 5, the humeral rod 4 is connected to the position of the humerus. Without the arc plate 3 installed, the humeral rod 4 serves as a counterweight, causing the muscles in the model to be stressed. Then, a linear tension is applied to the counterweight through the loading mechanism, causing the non-elastic ropes to pull the muscles in the model to contract, thereby enabling the humerus and the humeral rod 4 to move. Different magnitudes of force can be applied through multiple loading mechanisms. When the humerus moves to a specified position, the force applied to each non-elastic rope can be measured through the loading mechanism. This is recorded as the magnitude and distribution of force on each muscle tissue when the humerus moves to a certain angle under a certain load.

[0056] Third, replace the linear force applied by the loading mechanism with a fixed force, repeat the second process above, and record the force movement of the humerus when the rotator cuff muscles provide a certain amount of tension under a certain load. Different fixed forces of different magnitudes can be applied to multiple loading mechanisms to conduct various tests.

[0057] 4. Install the arc plate 3 on the frame 1, and connect the humeral rod 4 to the arc plate 3 through the connector to ensure that the humeral rod 4 slides with the connector and the connector slides with the arc plate 3. At this time, the arc plate 3 restricts the direction of movement of the humerus. At this time, by changing the angle between the humeral rod 4 and the humerus, the rotator cuff muscles that play a major role in the movement of the humerus in a certain direction can be tested.

[0058] 5. Repeat the fourth process above and apply power to the muscle tissue in the reverse direction through the loading mechanism. At this time, the same magnitude of force can be applied to each loading mechanism. When the humeral rod 4 swings at its maximum amplitude under the same force, it indicates that the corresponding muscle tissue in the model plays a major role.

[0059] VI. Specific research experiments can be conducted according to the above steps, or they can be carried out based on the ideas of relevant researchers, and the researchers' ideas can be demonstrated in turn.

[0060] The procedure for preparing the rotator cuff specimen for the experiment was as follows: the shoulder was incised, and all soft tissue was removed except for the coracoacromial ligament, rotator cuff tendons, glenohumeral joint capsule, and tendon attachments of the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid muscles on the humerus. The humerus was transversely incised 2 cm distal to the deltoid tuberosity. Initially, all muscles were pre-sutured with anchor sutures to simulate the later loading force by allowing the weight attachment. The number of sutures for each muscle type was as follows: supraspinatus: 2, infraspinatus: 2, subscapularis: 2, teres minor: 1, pectoralis major: 2, latissimus dorsi: 2, deltoid: 3. All these sutures were interconnected by braided fishing line and the interconnected lines were connected to the adjustable pulleys of a custom-made shoulder testing system.

[0061] The scapula was secured to a custom-made metal plate using three screws. The plate was stabilized in the sagittal plane at a 20° anterior tilt. The scapula was then positioned at a 20° anterior tilt to simulate the anatomical location of the scapulothoracic joint. Six degrees of freedom of the humerus were achieved by inserting an intramedullary rod into the humeral axis and securing it to a custom-made shoulder testing system. Posture sensors were connected to the intramedullary rod to measure the internal and external rotation of the humerus. A 90° external rotation of the humerus was defined as glenohumeral abduction of 60° and alignment of the humeral groove with the anterolateral edge of the acromion.

[0062] Two loading conditions were tested. A non-elastic cord was sewn onto an anchor line previously sewn at the muscle insertion site, and physiological muscle weight was simulated based on adjustable pulleys and weights. This was used to simulate muscle load. The first loading condition was a "balanced load condition," where the humeral head was centered in the glenoid fossa. Under this condition, the following muscles and their corresponding forces were used: supraspinatus: 10N, infraspinatus: 5N, subscapularis: 10N, teres minor: 5N, deltoid: 40N, pectoralis major: 20N, latissimus dorsi: 20N. The other condition was an "unbalanced load condition," where an unbalanced load was applied to the humerus with an upward force. This was achieved by applying an additional force (40N) to the deltoid and removing the load from the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi. In this case, the deltoid load was increased to 80N, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi were unloaded, and the loads on the other muscles remained unchanged.

[0063] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that;

[0064] See attached document Figure 6-7The loading mechanism includes two fixed blocks, which are located on both sides of the column 6 and are fixedly connected by bolts. Two symmetrically distributed support arms 20 are fixedly connected to the corners of the fixed blocks. The lower ends of the two support arms 20 are fixedly connected to a support plate 23. The upper end of the support plate 23 is fixedly connected to two guide rods 22. The rod walls of the two guide rods 22 are provided with horizontal plates 29. The side walls of the horizontal plates 29 are sleeved with the rod walls of the guide rods 22 through through holes. The upper end of the guide rods 22 is fixedly connected to a limit block.

[0065] A first pulley 30 is provided above the horizontal plate 29. The center of the first pulley 30 is rotatably connected to one side of the fixed block via a rotating shaft. Two connecting plates 28 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the horizontal plate 29. A load plate 27 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the two connecting plates 28. A placement groove is provided at the upper end of the load plate 27. A tension sensor assembly 21 is provided at the upper end of the horizontal plate 29. A lifting lug is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tension sensor assembly 21. An electromagnet 24 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support plate 23. The electromagnet 24 is located below the load plate 27. A counterweight 25 is provided below the load plate 27. The counterweight 25 is located below the electromagnet 24. Two connecting rods 26 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the side wall of the counterweight 25. Two bends are provided on the rod wall of each connecting rod 26. One end of the bend is provided with a snap-fit ​​part 31. A positioning groove that cooperates with the snap-fit ​​part 31 is provided at the upper end of the load plate 27.

[0066] The loading mechanism of this invention, during use, is fixed to the lifting lug without an elastic rope. When a fixed pulling force is required, a counterweight 25 is snapped onto the underside of the load plate 27 to provide a fixed pulling force. Simultaneously, a counterweight (not shown in the figure) can be placed on the load plate 27 to increase the range of the pulling force. Furthermore, the tension sensor assembly 21, located between the horizontal plate 29 and the lifting lug, can measure the magnitude of the pulling force in real time. When a linear pulling force is required, the electromagnet 24 is directly activated, and the current of the electromagnet 24 is controlled by an existing controller to generate... Since the magnetic force changes linearly, the attraction force on the counterweight 25 also gradually changes as the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet 24 changes linearly. This allows for a linearly varying tension force on the inelastic rope, and the current change can be stopped at any time to stabilize the attraction force of the electromagnet 24 on the counterweight 25 at a certain value. Alternatively, the attraction force of the electromagnet 24 on the counterweight 25 can be adjusted by the value displayed by the tension sensor assembly. This enables the provision of a linearly varying tension force when studying rotator cuff biomechanics, thus expanding the scope of the research.

[0067] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that;

[0068] See attached document Figure 2-5The support mechanism includes a first locking block 10 and a second locking block 12, both of which are locked onto the column 6. A frame 11 is fixedly connected between the first locking block 10 and the second locking block 12. The first locking block 10 is rotatably connected to an extension arm 16 via a pin. One end of the extension arm 16 is provided with two second pulleys 17 and a rectangular blind hole. A telescopic arm 18 is fitted into the rectangular blind hole. One end of the telescopic arm 18 is rotatably connected to the center of the two second pulleys 17 via a rotating shaft. A rectangular through hole is opened at the upper end of the extension arm 16. A locking bolt is fitted into the rectangular through hole. One side of the telescopic arm 18 is connected to the locking bolt via a threaded hole. The lower end of the extension arm 16 is rotatably connected to a diagonal brace arm 15 via a shaft pin. One end of the diagonal brace arm 15 is obliquely fixedly connected to a pin 14. Multiple evenly distributed slots 8 are opened on the side wall of the column 6, and the slots 8 cooperate with the pins 14.

[0069] The side wall of the column 6 is symmetrically provided with two anti-rotation limiting grooves 9. The first locking block 10 and the second locking block 12 are each provided with two anti-rotation positioning blocks 19. The anti-rotation positioning blocks 19 are located in the anti-rotation limiting grooves 9. The pin 14 is provided with two positioning cards 13. The two positioning blocks are fixed to the lower end of the second locking block 12.

[0070] The support mechanism of this invention allows for the following steps during use: First, the extended arm 16 is adjusted to the required height. Then, the inclined support arm 15 is lowered so that the pin 14 engages with the slot 8. At this time, the inclined support arm 15 can support the extended arm 16. During support, the pin 14 can limit the second locking block 12, preventing it from sliding on the column 6. Simultaneously, the positioning card 13 located below the second locking block 12 can cooperate with the pin 14 to improve the limiting effect on the second locking block 12. When it is necessary to extend the support range of the extended arm 16, the locking bolt is loosened. At this time, the telescopic arm 18 can be pulled out. After being pulled out, the second pulley 17 moves away from the column 6. Then, the locking bolt is tightened. This allows for arbitrary adjustment of the vertical and horizontal positions of the second pulley 17 within a certain range, enabling the inelastic pull rope to bend into the state required for the test.

[0071] It should be noted that the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0072] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An architectural device for studying the biomechanics of the rotator cuff, comprising a frame (1) assembled by a plurality of alloy profiles, a support seat is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame (1) through a truss, and a scapula plate (7) is obliquely installed on one side of the support seat, characterized in that: The left side of the frame (1) is fixedly connected to multiple columns (6) by bolts. Each of the multiple columns (6) has two pulley assemblies connected to its side wall. One of the pulley assemblies is connected to a loading mechanism, and the other pulley assembly is connected to a support mechanism. The loading mechanism is movably installed on the side wall of the column (6) and can generate a linearly changing tension, which is applied to the specimen model through a pull rope. The support mechanism is movably installed on the side wall support pulley assembly of the column (6), causing the guy wire to bend and change the direction and height of the transmitted tension. An arc plate (3) is fixedly installed on the right side of the frame (1) by bolts. A fastener is installed on the side wall of the arc plate (3), and a humeral rod (4) is installed on the fastener. A fastener kit (5) is installed on the humeral rod (4). Two symmetrically arranged hangers (49) are fixedly connected to the upper side of the frame (1) by bolts. A perforated plate (48) is fixedly connected between the two hangers (49). The humeral rod (4) is connected to the arc plate (3) through a connector to ensure that the humeral rod (4) slides with the connector and the connector slides with the arc plate 3. The connector includes a mounting block (33). The side wall of the mounting block (33) is provided with a mounting hole that matches the arc plate (3). The mounting block (33) is sleeved with the arc plate (3) through the mounting hole. One side of the mounting block (33) is sleeved with the rod wall of the humeral rod (4) through a round hole. The side wall of the mounting block (33) is threaded with a fixing bolt through a threaded hole. One side of the arc plate (3) is fixedly connected with a limiting strip (32) of arc structure, and the arc of the limiting strip (32) is the same as the arc of the arc plate (3). An arc-shaped groove is provided on one side of the mounting hole. The arc-shaped groove is sleeved with the limiting strip (32). A locking component is installed on one side of the arc-shaped groove. The locking component includes a lock tongue (39). An assembly hole is provided on one side of the arc-shaped groove. The lock tongue (39) is sleeved in the assembly hole. A brake block (36) is sleeved on one side of the assembly hole through a strip-shaped through hole. One end of the brake block (36) is fixedly connected to the lock tongue (39). A strong magnet (40) is fixedly connected on the other side of the arc-shaped groove through a blind hole. A plurality of evenly distributed locking holes (42) are provided on one side of the limiting strip (32). The brake block (36) has two support parts on one side, and a positioning shaft is rotatably connected between the two support parts. A protrusion (41) is fixedly connected to the shaft wall of the positioning shaft. A brake frame (34) is fixedly connected to both ends of the positioning shaft. Two notches (43) are opened on one side of the limiting strip (32). The two notches (43) are located on both sides of the locking hole (42). The notches (43) are engaged with the brake frame (34). A positioning plate (35) is fixedly connected to one side of the brake frame (34).

2. The architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics of claim 1, wherein: The loading mechanism includes two fixing blocks, which are located on both sides of the column (6) and fixedly connected by bolts. Two symmetrically distributed support arms (20) are fixedly connected at the corners of the fixing blocks. The lower ends of the two support arms (20) are fixedly connected to a support plate (23). The upper end of the support plate (23) is fixedly connected to two guide rods (22). The rod walls of the two guide rods (22) are provided with horizontal plates (29). The side walls of the horizontal plates (29) are sleeved with the rod walls of the guide rods (22) through through holes. The upper end of the guide rods (22) is fixedly connected to a limit block. The horizontal plate (29) is provided with a first pulley (30) above it. The center of the first pulley (30) is rotatably connected to one side of the fixed block through a rotating shaft. The lower end of the horizontal plate (29) is fixedly connected to two connecting plates (28). The lower ends of the two connecting plates (28) are fixedly connected to a load plate (27). The upper end of the load plate (27) is provided with a placement groove.

3. The architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics of claim 2, wherein: The upper end of the horizontal plate (29) is provided with a tension sensor assembly (21), and the upper end of the tension sensor assembly (21) is fixedly connected with a lifting lug. The side wall of the support plate (23) is fixedly connected with an electromagnet (24), and the electromagnet (24) is located below the load plate (27).

4. The architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics of claim 3, wherein: The load plate (27) is provided with a counterweight (25) below it, and the counterweight (25) is located above the electromagnet (24). The side wall of the counterweight (25) is symmetrically fixedly connected with two connecting rods (26). The two connecting rods (26) are provided with two bends on their rod walls, and one end of the bend is provided with a snap-fit ​​part (31). The upper end of the load plate (27) is provided with a positioning groove that cooperates with the snap-fit ​​part (31).

5. The architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics of claim 1, wherein: The support mechanism includes a first locking block (10) and a second locking block (12). The first locking block (10) and the second locking block (12) are both locked onto the column (6). A frame (11) is fixedly connected between the first locking block (10) and the second locking block (12). The first locking block (10) is rotatably connected to an extension arm (16) via a pin. Two second pulleys (17) are symmetrically provided at one end of the extension arm (16). The lower end of the extension arm (16) is rotatably connected to a diagonal support arm (15) via a shaft pin. One end of the diagonal support arm (15) is obliquely fixedly connected to a pin (14). The side wall of the column (6) is provided with multiple evenly distributed slots (8), and the slots (8) cooperate with the pins (14). The side wall of the column (6) is symmetrically provided with two anti-rotation limiting grooves (9). The first card block (10) and the second card block (12) are each provided with two anti-rotation positioning blocks (19). The anti-rotation positioning blocks (19) are located in the anti-rotation limiting grooves (9). The pin (14) is provided with two positioning cards (13). The two positioning blocks are fixed at the lower end of the second card block (12).

6. The architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics of claim 5, wherein: One end of the extension arm (16) is provided with a rectangular blind hole, and a telescopic arm (18) is sleeved in the rectangular blind hole. One end of the telescopic arm (18) is rotatably connected to the center of the two second pulleys (17) through a rotating shaft. A rectangular through hole is provided at the upper end of the extension arm (16), and a locking bolt is sleeved in the rectangular through hole. One side of the telescopic arm (18) is connected to the locking bolt through a threaded hole.

7. The architectural device for studying rotator cuff biomechanics of claim 1, wherein: The upper side of the frame (1) is fixedly connected to a crossbeam (2) by bolts. A sliding plate (37) is sleeved on the lower end of the crossbeam (2). A third pulley (38) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sliding plate (37). A screw is threadedly connected to one side of the sliding plate (37) through a threaded hole.

Images