Calcium and phosphorus requirement dynamic prediction method

Abstract

The application discloses a calcium and phosphorus requirement dynamic prediction method, and particularly relates to the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement prediction technical field, and comprises the following steps: step 1, using the comparative slaughter method to determine the calcium and phosphorus daily deposition ratio and the daily deposition of calcium, phosphorus and body protein in different growth stages; step 2, using the regression method to determine the body deposition efficiency and the maintenance requirement of calcium and phosphorus; step 3, establishing a correlation model of the daily deposition of body protein and the daily deposition of phosphorus; step 4, establishing an operational dynamic prediction model by using the input variables of the correlation model; and step 5, establishing a total model for predicting the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement. The application is based on the factorial model and the regression correlation analysis to predict the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement in different growth stages, uses the production indexes and the carcass indexes as the input variables of the model, and dynamically and accurately and rapidly predicts, so as to provide a model basis for the individualized nutrition scheme of different farms.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of calcium and phosphorus requirement prediction, and more particularly to a dynamic calcium and phosphorus requirement prediction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Calcium and phosphorus nutrition is the third largest nutrient after energy and protein in feed. In fact, calcium and phosphorus are the most important constant mineral elements in animal growth and development, accounting for more than 40% of total mineral elements. Calcium and phosphorus in feed are crucial for bone and muscle development, but excessive calcium and phosphorus or unbalanced calcium and phosphorus ratio can also affect the normal growth and development of livestock and poultry, and cause nutrient waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the calcium and phosphorus requirement. At present, the method for evaluating calcium and phosphorus requirement in China is still mainly based on the "comprehensive method". The "comprehensive method" regards animals as a "black box", formulates daily rations with different calcium and phosphorus levels, and conducts animal feeding experiments. The optimal calcium and phosphorus level is found as the recommended value of calcium and phosphorus requirement by production performance or bone development indicators. However, the calcium and phosphorus requirement obtained by the "comprehensive method" is only suitable for the current experimental environment and production level, and it is difficult to be referenced in different farms. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a more scientific method to evaluate calcium and phosphorus requirement. The "factorial method" opens the "black box" of animals and divides the calcium and phosphorus requirement into the requirement for deposition (Ca g or P g ) and the requirement for maintenance (Ca m or P m ) according to biological functions. Therefore, the "factorial method" is more scientific and reasonable than the "comprehensive method", and has a wider application range (the calcium and phosphorus requirement predicted by the present application is the total intestinal digestible calcium and phosphorus or dig Ca or dig P, which is referred to as digestible calcium and phosphorus).

[0003] Yellow-feathered broilers are a characteristic broiler breed in southern China, with a market share close to that of white-feathered broilers, and they are mainly used for producing high-quality chicken meat. However, yellow-feathered broilers grow significantly slower than white-feathered broilers, and the breeding environment conditions are more diverse than those for white-feathered broilers. Therefore, it has been a pain and difficulty for the industry to develop suitable nutrition matching for different types of yellow-feathered broilers.

[0004] The current reference standard for calcium and phosphorus requirement of yellow-feathered broilers is NY / T 3645-2020 "Nutrient Requirements of Yellow-feathered Broilers" (hereinafter referred to as "standard"). The "standard" lists the effective calcium and phosphorus contents of different feed raw materials and the calcium and phosphorus requirements of yellow-feathered broilers of different types and at different growth stages.

[0005] The calcium and phosphorus requirement of yellow-feathered broilers in the "standard" is determined based on the comprehensive method. The comprehensive method is to establish different calcium and phosphorus gradient diets for animal feeding experiments, and to find the optimal calcium and phosphorus level by bone indicators (such as bone density, tibia strength, tibia length, etc.). The calcium and phosphorus requirement in this "standard" still has the following limitations:

[0006] 1) Bone indicators are not the only indicators for evaluating calcium and phosphorus requirements, such as phosphorus is also an important component in muscle, and the requirements obtained by this method have certain deviation and are not accurate enough.

[0007] 2) The calcium and phosphorus requirements at different growth stages listed in the "standard" are fixed values, but this standard cannot provide personalized nutrition programs for farms with different production levels, and therefore is not dynamic enough. SUMMARY

[0008] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present application provides a dynamic prediction method for calcium and phosphorus requirements, which is based on a factorial method model and regression correlation analysis to predict the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirements at different growth stages of yellow-feathered broilers, and uses actual production indicators and carcass indicators as model input variables to dynamically and accurately predict, thereby providing a model basis for personalized nutrition programs for different farms.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a dynamic prediction method for calcium and phosphorus requirements, the specific steps are as follows:

[0010] Step 1: Using comparative slaughter method to determine the daily deposition ratio Ca g :P g and the daily deposition of calcium, phosphorus and body protein Pro at different growth stages;

[0011] Step 2: Using regression method to determine the body deposition efficiency k Ca and k P and the digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirements digCa m and digP m ;

[0012] Step 3: Establishing a correlation model between daily deposition of body protein and daily deposition of phosphorus:

[0013] Since the deposition of animal body protein is accompanied by the deposition of phosphorus, the deposition rates of the two can be correlated to establish a model, and the growth correlation model of different body components belongs to an allometric growth model, so a power function between daily deposition of phosphorus and daily deposition of body protein can be established as follows:

[0014] P g =a×Pro b ;

[0015] Step 4: Correlating production indicators and carcass indicators to establish a prediction model:

[0016] Step 4.1: Prediction of digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirements:

[0017] The digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirement refers to the daily basic loss of calcium and phosphorus, which is mainly caused by the loss of endogenous loss in digestive tract, urine loss and body surface feather ash loss. The endogenous loss in digestive tract is linearly correlated with the feed intake, while the urine loss and body surface feather ash loss are linearly correlated with the metabolic body weight BW 0.75 , so the multiple linear regression model of the digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirement (dig Ca m or P m ) and the daily feed intake (intake) and the metabolic body weight (BW 0.75 ) can be established:

[0018] dig Ca m or P m = a x intake + b x BW 0.75 ;

[0019] Step 4.2, daily protein deposition amount prediction:

[0020] The multiple linear regression model of the daily protein deposition amount, daily gain and the thigh muscle rate and the breast muscle rate is established to predict the daily protein deposition:

[0021] Pro% = a x Thigh% + b x Breast% + c

[0022] Pro = ADG x Pro%;

[0023] Step 5, total model of the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement prediction:

[0024] Based on the factorial method, the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement (dig Ca or P) is divided into deposition requirement and maintenance requirement, and the prediction models of the deposition requirement and the maintenance requirement are respectively established as follows:

[0025] Daily requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus

[0026]

[0027] Daily requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus in diet

[0028]

[0029] Wherein, ADFI refers to the daily feed intake.

[0030] Preferably, in step 1, the calcium, phosphorus and protein detection are all performed according to the national standard;

[0031] The daily deposition amount calculation method is

[0032]

[0033] Wherein, X refers to carcass calcium, phosphorus or protein.

[0034] Preferably, in step 2, the calcium and phosphorus daily deposition Ca g or P g is the dependent variable, the digestible calcium and phosphorus daily intake digCa i or digP i is the independent variable, a regression model is established, the intercept digCa m or digP m of the regression line is the maintenance requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus, the slope k Ca and k P is the body deposition efficiency of calcium and phosphorus.

[0035] Preferably, in step 4.1, intake is daily feed intake, and a and b are model parameters, respectively.

[0036] Preferably, in step 4.2, ADG is daily gain, Thigh% is leg muscle rate, and Breast% is breast muscle rate.

[0037] Technical effects and advantages of the present application:

[0038] Calcium and phosphorus are the third important nutritional components in feed formula after energy raw materials and protein raw materials, calcium and phosphorus nutrition is closely related to the growth and development of animal skeleton and muscle, however, excessive calcium and phosphorus or unbalanced calcium and phosphorus ratio can also cause animal skeletal development disorders, affect free movement, and thus reduce feed intake; excessive phosphorus can also cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the prediction of precise calcium and phosphorus nutritional requirements is crucial. The calcium and phosphorus deposition rule of yellow broilers cannot be copied from the white broiler database, and a unique database needs to be established to guide production. In addition, the production levels of different farms differ greatly, and a set of nutritional requirement standards cannot guide all production.

[0039] The present application scientifically evaluates calcium and phosphorus requirements based on the factorial model, and originally links body protein deposition and body phosphorus deposition, and further combines the calcium and phosphorus ratio at different growth stages to link calcium and phosphorus deposition, thereby forming a systematic network model for predicting calcium and phosphorus requirements. The present application also originally links actual production and carcass indicators (body weight, daily gain, breast muscle rate, and leg muscle rate) to dynamically predict calcium and phosphorus requirements. The present application establishes a methodology for dynamic prediction of calcium and phosphorus requirements, realizes the dynamicity and precision of prediction, has innovation and strong industrial application value, and can guide individualized nutrition for farms, improve breeding income, and reduce environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the calcium and phosphorus requirement dynamic prediction method of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2A calcium deposition efficiency and calcium maintenance requirement diagram predicted by a regression method in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0043] Referring to the drawings in the description Figure 1 , the present application provides a calcium and phosphorus requirement dynamic prediction method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0044] Step 1, using the comparative slaughter method to determine the daily calcium and phosphorus deposition ratio (Ca g :P g ) and the daily deposition of calcium, phosphorus and body protein (Pro) at different growth stages;

[0045] Further, the calcium content detection method adopts GB / T 6436-2018, the phosphorus content detection method adopts GB / T 6437-2018, and the protein content detection method adopts GB / T 6432-2018,

[0046] The daily deposition amount calculation method is

[0047]

[0048] Wherein, X represents the carcass calcium, phosphorus or protein.

[0049] Step 2, using the regression method to determine the body deposition efficiency (k Ca and k P ) of calcium and phosphorus and the maintenance requirement (digCa m and digP m ) of digestible calcium and phosphorus:

[0050] Taking the daily calcium and phosphorus deposition (Ca g or P g ) as the dependent variable and the daily intake of digestible calcium and phosphorus (digCa i or digP i ) as the independent variable, a regression model is established, the intercept (digCa m or digP m ) of the regression straight line is the maintenance requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus, and the slope (k Ca and k P ) is the body deposition efficiency of calcium and phosphorus.

[0051] Example one:

[0052] Different levels of calcium in the diet were prepared, and the animals were fed at an intake of 70 g / d. The calcium content in the body composition was determined by slaughter method, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0053] Table 1 Effect of different calcium levels in the diet on calcium deposition in yellow-feathered broilers

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Based on the data in Table 1, a linear regression analysis was performed to obtain the regression equation as follows

[0057] y = 0.654X - 48.161

[0058] The slope k is the calcium deposition efficiency, which is 65.4%, and the intercept is the daily maintenance requirement of digestible calcium, which is 73.66 mg / d, as shown in the following equation: Figure 2

[0059] Step 3, establish the correlation model between daily body protein deposition and daily phosphorus deposition:

[0060] Since animal body protein deposition is accompanied by phosphorus deposition, the deposition rates of the two can be correlated to establish a model. Different body composition growth correlation models belong to allometric growth models, so a power function between daily phosphorus deposition and body protein deposition can be established as follows:

[0061] P g =a×Pro b .

[0062] Step 4, correlate production indicators and carcass indicators to establish a dynamic prediction model:

[0063] Step 4.1, prediction of digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirement:

[0064] The maintenance requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus refers to the daily basic loss of calcium and phosphorus, which is mainly the loss of digestive tract endogenous loss, urine loss, and body surface feather ash loss. Among them, the digestive tract endogenous loss is linearly correlated with the intake, and the urine loss and body surface feather ash loss are linearly correlated with the metabolic body weight (BW 0.75 ), so a multiple linear regression model of the maintenance requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus (dig Ca m or dig P m ) and daily intake (intake) and metabolic body weight (BW 0.75 ) can be established as follows:

[0065] dig Ca m or P m =a×intake+b×BW 0.75 ​;

[0066] Where intake is daily feed intake (g / d), and a and b are model parameters.

[0067] Step 4.2, prediction of daily protein deposition:

[0068] Since daily protein deposition has potential correlation with ADG and breast muscle percentage or thigh muscle percentage, a multiple linear regression model of daily protein deposition and ADG, breast muscle percentage, and thigh muscle percentage was established to predict daily protein deposition:

[0069] Pro% = a x Thigh% + b x Breast% + c

[0070] Pro = ADG x Pro%;

[0071] Where ADG is average daily gain (g / d), Thigh% is thigh muscle percentage (%), and Breast% is breast muscle percentage (%).

[0072] Step 5, establishment of total model for predicting digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement:

[0073] Based on the factorial method, the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement (dig Ca or dig P) was divided into two parts, deposition requirement and maintenance requirement, and the prediction models for deposition requirement and maintenance requirement were established as follows:

[0074] Daily requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus

[0075]

[0076] Daily ration requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus

[0077]

[0078] Where ADFI refers to average daily feed intake.

[0079] Example 2: rapid prediction of digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement of a farm ration using the model

[0080] Step 1: construction of prediction model:

[0081] Assuming that the first-month-old digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement of Lingnan Yellow (rooster) farm is 1.5% and 1.2%, respectively, the prediction model for the first-month-old digestible calcium and phosphorus requirement of Lingnan Yellow is as follows:

[0082] (1) determination of calcium and phosphorus deposition ratio (Ca g :P g ) and establishment of protein content prediction model:

[0083] The average calcium-phosphorus deposition ratio (Ca g :P g ) and the body protein content (Protein%) were determined by comparing the slaughter method.

[0084] Ca g :P g = 2.1:1

[0085] Protein% = 0.45 × Thigh% + 0.5 × Breast% + 0.008

[0086] Protein = ADG × Protein%;

[0087] wherein Protein is the daily body protein deposition of the ephedra chicken (g / d), ADG is the daily gain (g / d), Protein% is the body protein content, Thigh% is the thigh muscle rate, Breast% is the breast muscle rate, and 0.45, 0.5 and 0.008 are parameters obtained by modeling.

[0088] The allometric growth model of the daily phosphorus deposition and the daily body protein deposition is as follows:

[0089] P g = 0.056 × Protein 0.8 ;

[0090] wherein Protein is the daily body protein deposition of the ephedra chicken (g / d), and P g is the daily phosphorus deposition (g / d).

[0091] (2) Based on the calcium-phosphorus deposition ratio and the daily phosphorus deposition, the daily calcium deposition is associated as follows:

[0092] Ca g = (Ca g :P g ) × P g = 2.1 × P g ;

[0093] wherein Ca g and P g are the daily calcium and phosphorus deposition, respectively.

[0094] (3) The calcium and phosphorus deposition efficiencies (k Ca and k P )

[0095] The calcium and phosphorus gradient diets were set, respectively, and the daily intake of digestible calcium and phosphorus was associated with the daily deposition of calcium and phosphorus by linear regression method, and the obtained slope is the calcium and phosphorus body deposition efficiency, respectively. It is assumed that k Ca= 0.65 and k p = 0.75.

[0096] (4) Based on the multiple linear regression correlation between the daily calcium and phosphorus deposition and daily feed intake and metabolic body weight (BW 0.75 ), the model is as follows:

[0097] Daily maintenance requirement of digestible calcium (mg / d)

[0098] dig Ca m = 0.7 x intake + 0.15 x BW 0.75 ;

[0099] Daily maintenance requirement of digestible phosphorus (mg / d)

[0100] dig P m = 0.38 x intake + 0.01 x BW 0.75 ;

[0101] Wherein, intake is the average daily feed intake (g / d), BW is the body weight (kg), and 0.7, 0.15, 0.38 and 0.01 are the parameters obtained by modeling.

[0102] Step two: collect the actual production data of the first month of Lingnan Yellow (male chicken) in the farm, such as the average initial and final body weight (BW 均 ), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in this stage. Calculate the average body weight (BW 均 ) according to the average initial and final body weight.

[0103] Assuming that the average initial and final body weight of the group in this stage is 40g and 700g, the average body weight is 370g, the average daily gain is 23g / d, and the average daily feed intake is 50g / d.

[0104] Step three: select 2-3 healthy Lingnan Yellow chickens with body weight close to the group BW 均 in the middle stage (about 15 days old) and slaughter to determine the breast muscle rate (Breast%) and thigh muscle rate (Thigh%).

[0105] Step four: predict the daily maintenance requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus:

[0106] Daily maintenance requirement of digestible calcium:

[0107] dig Ca m = 0.7 x intake + 0.15 x BW 0.75 = 0.7 x 50 + 0.15 x 370 0.75 = 48 (mg / d);

[0108] Daily maintenance requirement of digestible phosphorus:

[0109] dig P m = 0.38 x intake + 0.01 x BW 0.75 = 0.38 x 50 + 0.01 x 370 0.75 = 20 (mg / d).

[0110] Step five: Based on the model, predict the daily deposition of body protein, and thus the daily deposition of phosphorus

[0111] Body protein content is:

[0112] Protein % = 0.45 x Thigh % + 0.5 x Breast % + 0.008 = 0.45 x 15% + 0.5 x 21% + 0.008 = 18%

[0113] Daily deposition of body protein is:

[0114] Protein = ADG x Protein % = 23 x 18% = 4.14 (g / d)

[0115] Daily deposition of associated phosphorus is:

[0116] P g = 0.056 x Protein 0.8 = 0.056 x 4.14 0.8 = 0.174 (g / d).

[0117] Step six: Based on the average calcium to phosphorus ratio and the daily deposition of phosphorus, associate the daily deposition of calcium:

[0118] Ca g = (Ca g :P g ) x P g = 2.1 x P g = 2.1 x 0.174 = 0.365 (g / d).

[0119] Step seven: Based on the respective body deposition efficiencies of calcium (k Ca ) and phosphorus (k P ), convert the daily body deposition of calcium and phosphorus into the daily requirement of digestible levels of calcium and phosphorus:

[0120] Daily requirement of digestible calcium

[0121] Daily requirement of digestible phosphorus

[0122] Step eight: Based on the principle of factorial method, the daily requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus is

[0123] dig Ca daily = dig Ca g + dig Ca m = 0.562 + 0.048 = 0.61 (g / d);

[0124] dig P daily = dig P g + dig P m = 0.232 + 0.02 = 0.252 (g / d).

[0125] Step nine: according to the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of this stage, the daily requirement (g / d) is converted into the ration requirement (%):

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] The present application is a dynamic prediction method of calcium and phosphorus requirement of yellow-feathered broilers. Since the methodology is common to other poultry (white-feathered broilers, meat ducks, meat geese, meat pigeons, breeding poultry, egg-laying poultry, etc.), the prediction of calcium and phosphorus requirement of other poultry by using the present method also belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

[0129] Finally, the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A calcium and phosphorus requirement dynamic prediction method, characterized by: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1, Determination of the ratio of calcium to phosphorus daily deposition at different growth stages by comparative slaughter method and calcium and phosphorus and body protein daily deposition; Step 2, determination of calcium and phosphorus body deposition efficiency by regression method and maintenance requirement with digestible calcium and phosphorus and ; Step 3, establish the correlation model of daily protein deposition and daily phosphorus deposition: Since the deposition of animal protein is accompanied by the deposition of phosphorus, the deposition rates of the two can be correlated to establish a model. The growth correlation model of different body components belongs to the allometric growth model, so the power function of daily phosphorus deposition and protein deposition is established as follows: ； wherein, the daily deposition amount of phosphorus; Daily deposition amount for body protein; a and b are model parameters: Step 4.1, prediction of digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirement: The digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirement refers to the daily basic loss of calcium and phosphorus, mainly including endogenous loss in digestive tract, urine loss and body surface feather ash loss; wherein the endogenous loss in digestive tract is linearly correlated with feed intake, and the urine loss and body surface feather ash loss are linearly correlated with metabolic body weight Therefore, the multiple linear regression model of digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirement and daily feed intake and metabolic body weight is established: Therefore, the multiple linear regression model of digestible calcium and phosphorus maintenance requirement and daily feed intake and metabolic body weight is established:​​ ； wherein, is the maintenance requirement for digestible calcium and phosphorus, is the daily feed intake, is the metabolic body weight, and a and b are model parameters, respectively. Step 4.2, prediction of daily protein deposition: A multiple linear regression model of daily protein deposition and daily weight gain, breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate is established to predict daily protein deposition: ； ； wherein, is the body protein content, is the leg muscle rate, is the breast muscle rate, is the model parameter, is the body protein daily deposition, is the daily gain; Step 5, establish the total model for predicting the requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus: Based on factorial method, the requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus The requirement of deposition and maintenance are divided into two parts, and the prediction models of the requirement of deposition and maintenance are established as follows: Daily requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus: ； wherein, is the digestible calcium phosphorus daily requirement, is the daily deposit of calcium or phosphorus, is the body deposit efficiency of calcium or phosphorus, is the daily maintenance requirement of digestible calcium or phosphorus; Daily requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus in the diet: ； wherein ADFI refers to average daily feed intake, as a percentage of the requirement for digestible calcium or phosphorus in the diet.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: In step 1, the detection of calcium, phosphorus and protein is carried out according to the national standard; The daily deposition amount calculation method is: ； wherein refers to carcass calcium, phosphorus or protein.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: ###0002### ###0003### In step 2, the calcium and phosphorus daily intakes or as the dependent variable, the digestible calcium and phosphorus daily intakes or as the independent variable, a regression model is established, the intercept of the regression line or i.e. the maintenance requirement of digestible calcium and phosphorus, the slope and is the efficiency of calcium and phosphorus body deposition.

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