A three-dimensional drainage system based on mountainous original appearance and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of roadbed drainage, and discloses a three-dimensional drainage system based on mountainous original appearance and a construction method thereof, in order to solve the problem that the drainage ditch cover arranged in the drainage ditch is easy to be blocked and loses the drainage effect. The present application comprises a mountain drainage ditch and a roadbed drainage ditch which are connected with each other, a sleeve pipe is installed in the mountain drainage ditch, a filter screen plate is installed in the sleeve pipe through a bearing seat, the upper top of the mountain drainage ditch is covered with a filter layer, and the filter layer is composed of a reinforced cage and gravel filled in the reinforced cage. The present application blocks and filters sundries by using the filter layer, and the blocked sundries are left in the mountain original drainage ditch area; meanwhile, the present application can also play a role of energy dissipation for mountain water, greatly reducing the speed of mountain water impact; then the filter screen plate is used to filter the mountain water again, so that the amount of silt in the mountain water is greatly reduced, and the problem of silt accumulation in the river bed is alleviated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of roadbed drainage technology, specifically relating to a three-dimensional drainage system based on the original features of mountainous areas and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] For roads built in mountainous areas, drainage ditches (or drainage channels) are constructed on the side of the road near the slope to prevent mountain water and accumulated water from entering the road surface and washing it. The drainage ditches are used to remove mountain water and accumulated water in a timely manner. To prevent debris (such as rocks, leaves, and branches falling from the mountain) from entering the drainage ditches, water traps (drainage ditch covers, rain grates) are usually installed on the drainage ditches, for example, at the inlet of the drainage ditches.

[0003] While installing water tanks on drainage ditches can provide some filtration, mountain roads are often poorly managed due to their remote location. In addition, during the rainy season in mountainous areas, the large water flow, mixed with a lot of debris, can clog the drainage ditch covers, causing the drainage ditches to lose their normal drainage function. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that drainage ditch covers are prone to clogging and thus lose their drainage function, this invention provides a three-dimensional drainage system based on the original features of mountainous areas and its construction method. By modifying the structure based on the original features of the mountainous area, the original features of the mountainous area can be preserved, while the slopes of the mountainous area can also play a certain role in intercepting debris, thereby reducing or minimizing the clogging of the drainage system.

[0005] To solve the technical problem, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A three-dimensional drainage system based on the original topography of a mountainous area is characterized by comprising a mountain drainage ditch excavated along a naturally formed stream in the mountain and a roadbed drainage ditch excavated along the roadbed, wherein the mountain drainage ditch and the roadbed drainage ditch are interconnected; an outer sleeve is installed inside the mountain drainage ditch, and a bearing seat is installed inside the outer sleeve, with a filter screen plate installed inside the outer sleeve via the bearing seat, the filter screen plate being able to rotate within the outer sleeve under the action of the bearing seat; a filter layer is covered on the top of the mountain drainage ditch, the filter layer being composed of a reinforcing cage and gravel filled within the reinforcing cage, the gravel comprising at least a first gravel layer and a second gravel layer, the second gravel layer being located outside the first gravel layer, and the gravel particle size in the second gravel layer being larger than that in the first gravel layer.

[0007] In some embodiments, the bearing housing is installed inside the outer sleeve via a mounting rod, a rotating shaft is fitted inside the bearing housing, a plurality of filter screen plates are evenly distributed around the rotating shaft, and an overflow plate is installed on the lower inner wall of the outer sleeve.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mountain drainage ditch includes an upper drainage ditch and a lower drainage ditch. The upper drainage ditch is adapted to an outer casing, and the lower drainage ditch is located directly below the outer casing. A strip-shaped through hole is provided on the outer casing corresponding to the position of the lower drainage ditch. Sewage channels are respectively provided on both sides of the lower section of the mountain drainage ditch. The sewage channels include a horizontal sewage channel and a vertical sewage channel. The vertical sewage channels are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the mountain drainage ditch. The horizontal sewage channel is used to connect the vertical sewage channel and the lower drainage ditch, and the height of the uppermost part of the horizontal sewage channel is lower than the height of the upper end of the overflow plate. A sewage outlet and an overflow outlet are provided on the vertical sewage channel. The sewage outlet is equipped with an openable sealing cover. The overflow outlet is located higher than the height of the upper end of the overflow plate.

[0009] In some embodiments, at least one weir is provided on the filter layer or the mountain drainage ditch. The weir is made of cast concrete or gravel, and the height of the top of the weir is greater than the height of the filter layer. In some embodiments, the weir is arranged in an arc shape, with the arc facing downwards, and the two ends of the lowermost weir extending towards the vertical sewage channel.

[0010] The construction method of the three-dimensional drainage system based on the original mountain landscape of the present invention is characterized by comprising:

[0011] (1) A drainage ditch is formed by excavating along the naturally formed water ditch of the mountain. The drainage ditch includes an upper drainage ditch and a lower drainage ditch. The lower drainage ditch is located directly below the upper drainage ditch. The upper drainage ditch is used to install the outer casing.

[0012] (2) Excavate horizontal channels and vertical holes on the left and right sides of the lower section of the mountain drainage ditch. The horizontal channels are used to bury horizontal sewage channels, and the vertical holes are used to bury vertical sewage channels. One end of the horizontal channel is connected to the lower drainage ditch, and the other end of the horizontal channel is connected to the vertical hole.

[0013] (3) Harden the sidewalls and bottom of the drainage ditch; install precast concrete drainage pipes into the horizontal channel and vertical hole respectively. The concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole has a through hole for communicating with the precast concrete drainage pipe in the horizontal channel. The concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole also has a sewage outlet and an overflow outlet.

[0014] (4) After the side walls and bottom of the lower drainage ditch have hardened, install an outer sleeve in the upper drainage ditch. A bearing seat is installed inside the outer sleeve, and a rotating shaft and a filter screen are installed on the bearing seat. At the same time, an overflow plate is installed at the end of the lower section of the outer sleeve.

[0015] (5) Backfill and compact the gap between the outer wall of the outer casing and the upper drainage ditch, cover and compact the precast concrete drainage pipe in the transverse channel, and backfill and compact the periphery of the precast concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole. When backfilling and compacting the precast concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole, the overflow outlet and the sewage outlet should be exposed.

[0016] (6) Make a steel cage according to the width of the upper drainage ditch. When making the steel cage, the side of the steel cage facing the upper drainage ditch will not mechanically interfere with the filter screen plate. Fill the steel cage with the first gravel layer and the second gravel layer, wherein the particle size of the second gravel layer is larger than that of the first gravel layer.

[0017] (7) Lay the steel cage, which has been made and filled with gravel, around the perimeter of the mountain drainage ditch;

[0018] (8) Construct a retaining wall above the steel cage: the retaining wall is made of concrete or is made of gravel;

[0019] (9) Construct roadbed drainage ditches and culverts according to the planned route of mountain roads. After the roadbed drainage ditches and culverts are completed, connect the overflow plate to the culvert and the overflow outlet to the culvert through pipelines, and / or connect the overflow plate to the roadbed drainage ditch and the overflow outlet to the roadbed drainage ditch through pipelines.

[0020] In some embodiments, when the naturally formed streams in the mountainous area include a main stream and branch streams, mountain drainage ditches are constructed within the main stream and branch streams. The width of the mountain drainage ditches constructed within the main stream is greater than that constructed within the branch streams, and they are interconnected with the mountain drainage ditches within the main stream and the branch streams.

[0021] In some embodiments, the transverse drainage channel extends at least 2 meters to the left and right sides of the mountain drainage ditch to facilitate the diversion of mountain water to the upstream and downstream of the roadbed drainage ditch through the overflow outlet in the vertical drainage channel.

[0022] In some embodiments, when the terrain on both sides of a naturally formed drainage ditch is flat and there are no conditions for excavating a drainage ditch, a horizontal channel, or a vertical hole, a lower drainage ditch is formed by pouring concrete, and an outer casing is fixedly installed above the lower drainage ditch; then, the horizontally arranged precast concrete drainage pipes and the vertically arranged precast concrete pipes are stabilized on the mountain, and the horizontally arranged precast concrete drainage pipes and the vertically arranged precast concrete drainage pipes are buried by backfilling; and the area around the outer casing is stabilized by backfilling gravel, and the backfilled gravel acts as a support for the filter layer.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention relates to a three-dimensional drainage system and its construction method based on the original mountain landscape. It modifies naturally formed drainage ditches in the mountain area by constructing drainage ditches at the original locations. An outer casing and filter screen are installed within the drainage ditches. A filter layer composed of a steel cage and gravel is placed above the drainage ditches. This filter layer intercepts and filters debris, keeping it within the original drainage ditch area. It also dissipates energy from the mountain water, significantly reducing its impact velocity. The water is then filtered again through the filter screen, greatly reducing the amount of sediment and alleviating the problem of silt accumulation in riverbeds. When the water flow is low, it overflows through an overflow plate, preventing blockage of the drainage ditches and roadbed (road) culverts connected to them, ensuring the normal drainage function of the roadbed drainage ditches and culverts. Furthermore, it prevents the rapid flow of mountain water from overflowing the road and eroding the outer slopes, reducing the risk of slope collapse. When there is a large amount of water, overflow outlets and overflow plates are used to drain the water simultaneously. The water is diverted into drainage ditches through the overflow outlets, and then the drainage ditches are used to divert the water to culverts at other locations along the road. This ensures smooth drainage when there is a large amount of water and coordinates the drainage operations of culverts at various locations to improve drainage efficiency. This reduces the risk of water overflowing the road and eroding the outer slope of the road, which could lead to collapse. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter screen plate of the present invention when it is installed on the outer sleeve;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the filter screen plate and the overflow plate are installed on the outer tube;

[0028] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer casing of the present invention, which is equipped with a filter screen plate and an overflow plate, when installed in a mountain drainage ditch;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional drainage system based on the original mountain landscape of the present invention;

[0030] Markings in the diagram: 1. Mountain drainage ditch, 101. Upper drainage ditch, 102. Lower drainage ditch, 2. Roadbed drainage ditch, 3. Outer casing, 31. Strip-shaped through hole, 4. Bearing seat, 5. Rotating shaft, 6. Filter screen plate, 61. Surrounding edge, 7. Mounting rod, 8. Overflow plate, 9. Filter layer, 91. Reinforcing cage, 92. First gravel layer, 93. Second gravel layer, 10. Horizontal sewage discharge channel, 11. Vertical sewage discharge channel, 111. Overflow outlet, 112. Sewage outlet. Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific circumstances.

[0033] Combined with appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 5The present invention provides a three-dimensional drainage system based on the original features of a mountainous area, comprising a mountain drainage ditch 1 excavated along a naturally formed stream in the mountain and a roadbed drainage ditch 2 excavated along the roadbed, wherein the mountain drainage ditch 1 and the roadbed drainage ditch 2 are interconnected; an outer sleeve 3 is installed inside the mountain drainage ditch 1, and a bearing seat 4 is installed inside the outer sleeve 3, wherein a filter screen plate 6 is installed inside the outer sleeve 3 via the bearing seat 4, wherein the filter screen plate 6 is provided with a plurality of screen holes, and the filter screen plate 6 can rotate within the outer sleeve 3 under the action of the bearing seat 4; the top of the mountain drainage ditch 1 is covered with a filter layer 9, which is composed of a reinforcing cage 91 and gravel filled within the reinforcing cage 91, wherein the gravel includes at least a first gravel layer 92 and a second gravel layer 93, wherein the second gravel layer 93 is located outside the first gravel layer 92, and the gravel particle size in the second gravel layer 92 is larger than the gravel particle size in the first gravel layer 91. In other words, a supporting framework is formed by a steel cage covering the top of the mountain drainage ditch, thus covering the top of the ditch. The first gravel layer 92 and the second gravel layer 93 filter the mountain water, preventing debris from entering the ditch. The water then undergoes further filtration through a filter screen 6. After passing through the filter screen, the water enters the space between the bottom of the outer casing and the bottom of the filter screen, smoothly flowing into the roadbed drainage ditch, thus completing the filtration process. The filtered water then flows into the roadbed drainage ditch 2 for discharge. This three-dimensional drainage system of the present invention first utilizes a filter layer 9 composed of a steel cage 91 and gravel on the mountain drainage ditch to filter debris. That is, the mountain water is filtered using a filter layer 9 laid at the location of the naturally formed drainage ditch based on the original mountain terrain. The filtered debris accumulates directly at the location of the original mountain drainage ditch, thus preventing debris from entering the roadbed drainage ditch 2 and affecting drainage operations.

[0034] Existing roadbed drainage ditches, corresponding to naturally formed mountain streams, typically only have filter plates (usually composed of a few steel bars). Debris washed down from these streams naturally accumulates at these filter plates, causing blockages. This invention introduces the filtration function of mountain water directly to the naturally formed mountain streams, fundamentally solving the blockage problem caused by debris entering the roadbed drainage ditches along these streams. The purpose of drainage ditches on mountain roads is twofold: firstly, to prevent mountain water from overflowing the road surface and causing flooding that affects vehicle operation; and secondly, and more importantly, to prevent mountain water from eroding the outer slopes of the road. Since most mountain roads are built on a semi-slope (i.e., the inner side of the road is the mountain, and the outer side is a slope), erosion of the slope can easily lead to roadbed collapse and road damage. In existing technologies, during the construction of mountain roads, culverts are usually designed at locations corresponding to natural mountain streams. The only connection between the culvert and the naturally formed stream is a filter plate (usually made of a few steel bars). This location is prone to blockage by debris, causing mountain water to overflow the road surface and erode the outer slope of the road, leading to collapse.

[0035] In the actual real-time process, the second gravel layer 93 can be selected from stones on the mountainside. The particle size of the first gravel layer is smaller than that of the second gravel layer. The second gravel layer 93 mainly serves to intercept leaves, branches, and fallen rocks, while the first gravel layer plays a certain filtering role for the mountain water (such as small stones). In order to achieve both filtering and rapid diversion of mountain water, the particle size of the first gravel layer 92 is preferably between 2-5 cm.

[0036] The selection of the first and second gravel layers can be determined based on the specific geographical conditions of the mountainous area, so as to facilitate the removal of different debris in the mountain water. For example, if the debris in the mountainous area is mainly fallen rocks, then the first and second gravel layers can be made of larger gravel. Or, if the rainfall in the mountainous area is stable throughout the four seasons, then the first and second gravel layers can be made of smaller gravel, which mainly serves to filter the fine sand mixed with debris in the mountain water.

[0037] In some embodiments, the bearing seat 4 is installed inside the outer sleeve 3 via the mounting rod 7. A rotating shaft 5 is fitted inside the bearing seat 4, and multiple filter screens 6 are evenly distributed around the rotating shaft 5. An overflow plate 8 is installed on the lower inner wall of the outer sleeve 3. The filter screens have a plurality of filter holes evenly arranged on them. After the water passes through the filter layer to filter impurities, it enters the filter screens and is filtered again, further improving the filtration effect. The filtered water settles at the bottom of the outer sleeve. When the accumulated water inside the outer sleeve exceeds the upper edge of the overflow plate, it flows out from the overflow plate into the roadbed drainage ditch.

[0038] During use, when the water flow is high, the water will overflow the filter layer and pass evenly into the filter screen plate. Under the uniform impact of the water, the filter screen plate is basically in a balanced state for filtration. When the water flow gradually decreases, the amount of water entering the filter screen plate will gradually become unevenly distributed, thereby driving the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotating shaft drives the filter screen plate to rotate simultaneously. After rotation, the filter screen plate is washed away by the impact of the water. The debris falls onto the outer sleeve, thus completing the cleaning function of the filter screen plate 6 and preventing debris from accumulating on the filter screen plate and clogging it.

[0039] To prevent mountain water from entering the bearing housing 4, a sealed bearing housing is preferably selected to improve its service life and ensure that the filter screen plates 6 can rotate even under uneven stress. In actual operation, a baffle plate can be designed on the outer sleeve 3 corresponding to the bearing housing 4 to prevent mountain water entering the drainage ditch 1 from directly washing over the bearing housing, thus providing some protection.

[0040] In the actual real-time process, in order to ensure that the mountain water can stay directly on the filter screen plate 6, a rim 61 is provided on the outer edge of the side of the filter screen plate 6 facing the mountain drainage ditch.

[0041] In some embodiments, the mountain drainage ditch 1 includes an upper drainage ditch 101 and a lower drainage ditch 102. The upper drainage ditch 101 is adapted to the outer casing 3, and the lower drainage ditch 102 is located directly below the outer casing 3. A strip-shaped through hole 31 is provided on the outer casing 3 corresponding to the position of the lower drainage ditch 102. Sewage channels are respectively provided on both sides of the lower section of the mountain drainage ditch 1. The sewage channels include a horizontal sewage channel 10 and a vertical sewage channel 11. The vertical sewage channels 11 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the mountain drainage ditch 1. The horizontal sewage channel 10 is used to connect the vertical sewage channel 11 and the lower drainage ditch 102, and the height of the uppermost end of the horizontal sewage channel 10 is lower than the height of the upper end of the overflow plate 8. A sewage outlet 112 and an overflow outlet 111 are provided on the vertical sewage channel 11. The sewage outlet 112 is equipped with an openable sealing cover. The overflow outlet 111 is located at a height higher than the upper end of the overflow plate 8. In the actual process, the inner bottom of the transverse sewage channel 10 is flush with and connected to the inner bottom of the drainage ditch 102, so as to facilitate the input of the sediment collected in the drainage ditch into the transverse sewage channel 10.

[0042] This invention uses a lower drainage ditch to collect and temporarily store debris washed off the filter screen. The collected debris then enters a horizontal channel and flows through a vertical sewage discharge channel. Workers can clean the debris by opening the sealing cover. Because the debris entering the outer casing after passing through the filter layer is relatively small, it is mostly fine sand. The structural design of the lower drainage ditch and the horizontal sewage discharge channel can greatly improve the temporary storage capacity of debris (fine sand), thereby significantly reducing the maintenance cycle. When heavy rainstorms occur in mountainous areas, the water flow is large, and the overflow plate alone cannot quickly drain the mountain water. In this case, the mountain water, after being filtered by the filter layer and filter screen, will flow along the horizontal drainage channel to the left and right sides of the mountain drainage ditch and into the vertical drainage channel, and then be discharged through the overflow outlet. This guides the mountain water to different locations in the roadbed drainage ditch, thus solving the problem of excessive mountain water flow flooding the roadbed when entering the drainage ditch in existing technologies. At the same time, when a large amount of mountain water is discharged through the overflow outlet of the vertical drainage channel, it can also carry away the debris (fine sand) deposited in the lower drainage ditch and the horizontal drainage channel, thereby cleaning the debris in the lower drainage ditch, the horizontal drainage channel, and the vertical drainage channel.

[0043] In the actual process, in order to facilitate the removal of debris (mainly deposited fine sand) in the transverse sewage channel, the transverse sewage channel is set down gradually along both sides of the mountain drainage ditch.

[0044] In some embodiments, at least one weir is provided on the filter layer 9 or the mountain drainage ditch 1. The weir is made of cast concrete or gravel, and the height of the top of the weir is greater than the height of the filter layer 9. The weir helps to block large debris (such as tree trunks and rocks) washed down by mountain water, preventing large debris (especially rocks) from falling onto the road. At the same time, the filter layer and the weir can dissipate energy from the mountain water, increasing the time the mountain water stays on the filter layer, thus facilitating filtration.

[0045] In some embodiments, the retaining walls are arranged in an arc shape, with the arc opening facing downwards, and the two ends of the lowest retaining wall extending towards the vertical sewage channel. Designing the retaining walls in an arc shape facilitates guiding debris intercepted by the retaining walls towards both sides of the mountain drainage ditch.

[0046] The construction method of the three-dimensional drainage system based on the original mountain landscape of the present invention includes:

[0047] (1) A drainage ditch is formed by excavating along the naturally formed water ditch of the mountain. The drainage ditch includes an upper drainage ditch and a lower drainage ditch. The lower drainage ditch is located directly below the upper drainage ditch, and the upper drainage ditch is used to install the outer casing.

[0048] (2) Excavate horizontal channels and vertical holes on the left and right sides of the lower section of the mountain drainage ditch. The horizontal channels are used to bury horizontal sewage channels, and the vertical holes are used to bury vertical sewage channels. One end of the horizontal channel is connected to the lower drainage ditch, and the other end of the horizontal channel is connected to the vertical hole.

[0049] (3) Harden the sidewalls and bottom of the drainage ditch; install precast concrete drainage pipes into the horizontal channel and vertical hole respectively. The concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole has a through hole for communicating with the precast concrete drainage pipe in the horizontal channel. The concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole also has a sewage outlet and an overflow outlet.

[0050] (4) After the side walls and bottom of the lower drainage ditch have hardened, an outer sleeve is installed in the upper drainage ditch. A bearing seat is installed inside the outer sleeve, and a rotating shaft and a filter screen are installed on the bearing seat. At the same time, an overflow plate is installed at the end of the lower section of the outer sleeve.

[0051] (5) Backfill and compact the gap between the outer wall of the outer casing and the upper drainage ditch, cover and compact the precast concrete drainage pipe in the transverse channel, and backfill and compact the periphery of the precast concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole. When backfilling and compacting the precast concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole, the overflow outlet and the sewage outlet should be exposed.

[0052] (6) Make a steel cage according to the width of the upper drainage ditch. When making the steel cage, the side of the steel cage facing the upper drainage ditch will not mechanically interfere with the filter screen plate. Fill the steel cage with the first gravel layer and the second gravel layer, wherein the particle size of the second gravel layer is larger than that of the first gravel layer.

[0053] (7) Lay the prepared and gravel-filled steel cage around the perimeter of the mountain drainage ditch. In the actual operation, the steel cage can be segmented, that is, the filter layer is assembled from multiple steel cage segments for easy handling. In the specific operation, the steel cage can be first placed on the mountain drainage ditch, and then the first gravel layer and the second gravel layer can be filled into the steel cage in sequence. Finally, the steel bars at the top of the steel cage can be tied or welded to form the complete steel cage. Since the steel cage is made of steel bars, in order to prevent the gravel from falling into the mountain drainage ditch when filling the gravel, it is preferable that the bottom of the steel cage is covered with a steel mesh or geotextile.

[0054] (8) Construct a retaining wall above the steel cage: the retaining wall is made of concrete or is made of gravel.

[0055] (9) Construct roadbed drainage ditches and culverts according to the planned route of the mountain road. After the roadbed drainage ditches and culverts are completed, connect the overflow plate to the culvert and the overflow outlet to the culvert through pipelines, and / or connect the overflow plate to the roadbed drainage ditch and the overflow outlet to the roadbed drainage ditch through pipelines. The design of the roadbed drainage ditch 2 and the culvert is existing technology, which can be understood by those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0056] In the actual process, in order to improve the stability of the filter layer 9, after the filter layer is laid, stones are selected from the site to stabilize and fix the filter layer 9 around its perimeter.

[0057] In some embodiments, when a naturally formed stream in a mountainous area includes a main stream and branch streams, mountain drainage ditches are constructed within both the main stream and branch streams. The width of the mountain drainage ditches within the main stream is greater than that within the branch streams, and they are interconnected with each other. That is, a stream may be formed by the convergence of multiple branch streams. Therefore, in this case, outer casings, filter screens, and filter layers can be installed within both the main stream and branch streams to extend the length of the filter layer 9 and filter screen 6, facilitating rapid interception and filtration of the mountain water and preventing water stagnation. In this case, an overflow plate 8 can be installed at the lower end of each section of the outer casing, or at the lower end of the lowest section of the outer casing.

[0058] In the specific real-time process of this invention, the outer casing 3 can be set in sections. That is, when the length of the mountain drainage ditch is long, multiple sections of outer casing can be set, and each outer casing is equipped with a filter screen plate 6.

[0059] In some embodiments, the transverse drainage channel extends at least 2 meters to both sides of the mountain drainage ditch to facilitate the diversion of mountain water to the upstream and downstream of the roadbed drainage ditch via the overflow outlet in the vertical drainage channel. In practical operation, the roadbed typically has culverts for drainage corresponding to naturally formed mountain streams. When the mountain water volume is high, the overflow plate cannot completely divert the water. Therefore, diverting water upstream and downstream of the culverts via the transverse and vertical drainage channels increases the flow path of the mountain water discharged through the overflow outlet of the upstream vertical drainage channel, while preventing the mountain water from directly filling the culvert opening and affecting the drainage speed. Furthermore, the water is discharged into the roadbed drainage ditch through the overflow outlet of the downstream vertical drainage channel, and can then be diverted to culverts at other locations on the roadbed for drainage. This allows for the comprehensive utilization of culverts at different locations on the roadbed for drainage. Compared to existing technologies where each mountain stream ditch corresponds to a culvert, when mountain water accumulates at the culvert location, it typically overflows the road directly instead of being diverted to other culverts via drainage ditches. This is because: firstly, the rapid flow of water in the ditch generates significant impact, directly flooding the roadbed; secondly, although the roadbed drainage ditches are designed to gradually descend, naturally formed streams (and their corresponding culverts) are generally located in relatively low-lying areas, making it impossible to directly divert mountain water to other locations. The drainage system of this invention utilizes a filter layer, filter screen, horizontal drainage channels, and vertical drainage channels to reduce the potential energy of the mountain water. Simultaneously, the overflow outlets of the horizontal and vertical drainage channels divert the mountain water to locations away from the corresponding culverts, thus fully utilizing other culverts along the road for coordinated drainage. This significantly reduces the frequency of mountain water overflowing the road and eroding roadside slopes, lowering the risk of slope collapse in mountainous areas.

[0060] In some embodiments, when the terrain on both sides of a naturally formed drainage ditch is flat and conditions are not suitable for excavating drainage ditches, horizontal channels, and vertical holes, a lower drainage ditch is formed by pouring concrete, and an outer casing is fixedly installed above the lower drainage ditch. Then, horizontally arranged and vertically arranged precast concrete drainage pipes are stabilized on the mountainside, and backfilling is used to bury the horizontally and vertically arranged precast concrete drainage pipes. The outer casing is stabilized by backfilling with gravel, which also acts as a filter layer support. In actual operation, the horizontal and vertical precast concrete drainage pipes can be stabilized by pouring concrete, stones, etc. on-site, and finally, backfill soil is used to protect the precast concrete drainage pipes.

[0061] In summary, the three-dimensional drainage system and its construction method based on the original mountain landscape of this invention modify the naturally formed water ditches in the original mountain landscape. A mountain drainage ditch is constructed at the location of the original water ditches, and an outer casing and filter screen are installed inside the ditch. A filter layer composed of a steel cage and filled with gravel is set above the drainage ditch. The filter layer intercepts and filters debris, keeping it within the original water ditches. It also dissipates energy from the mountain water, significantly reducing the velocity of the water flow. The water is then filtered again through the filter screen, greatly reducing the amount of sediment in the water and alleviating the problem of silt accumulation in riverbeds. When the water flow is low, it flows out through an overflow plate, preventing blockage of the drainage ditch and the roadbed (road) culverts connected to the roadbed drainage ditch, ensuring the normal drainage function of the roadbed drainage ditch and culverts. It also prevents the rapid flow of mountain water from overflowing the road and eroding the outer slope of the road, reducing the risk of outer slope collapse. When there is a large amount of water, overflow outlets and overflow plates are used to drain the water simultaneously. The water is diverted into drainage ditches through the overflow outlets, and then the drainage ditches are used to divert the water to culverts at other locations along the road. This ensures smooth drainage when there is a large amount of water and coordinates the drainage operations of culverts at various locations to improve drainage efficiency. This reduces the risk of water overflowing the road and eroding the outer slope of the road, which could lead to collapse.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional drainage system based on the original appearance of the mountainous area, characterized by, The application relates to a mountain drainage ditch and a roadbed drainage ditch, which are connected with each other, wherein the mountain drainage ditch is formed by excavating a natural water ditch along a mountain, the roadbed drainage ditch is formed by excavating a roadbed, a sleeve pipe is arranged in the mountain drainage ditch, a bearing seat is arranged in the sleeve pipe, a filter screen plate is arranged in the sleeve pipe through the bearing seat, the filter screen plate can rotate in the sleeve pipe under the action of the bearing seat, the top of the mountain drainage ditch is covered with a filter layer, the filter layer is composed of a steel reinforcement cage and gravel filled in the steel reinforcement cage, the gravel at least includes a first gravel layer and a second gravel layer, the second gravel layer is located at the periphery of the first gravel layer, the particle size of the gravel in the second gravel layer is larger than that in the first gravel layer, the bearing seat is arranged in the sleeve pipe through a mounting rod, a rotating shaft is sleeved in the bearing seat, a plurality of filter screen plates are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the rotating shaft, an overflow plate is arranged on the inner wall of the lower section of the sleeve pipe, the mountain drainage ditch includes an upper drainage ditch and a lower drainage ditch, the upper drainage ditch is matched with the sleeve pipe, the lower drainage ditch is arranged directly below the sleeve pipe, a strip-shaped through hole is formed in the sleeve pipe at a position corresponding to the lower drainage ditch, a sewage discharge channel is arranged on the left and right sides of the lower section of the mountain drainage ditch, the sewage discharge channel includes a horizontal sewage discharge channel and a vertical sewage discharge channel, the vertical sewage discharge channels are arranged on the left and right sides of the mountain drainage ditch respectively, the horizontal sewage discharge channel is used for connecting the vertical sewage discharge channels and the lower drainage ditch, and the upper end of the horizontal sewage discharge channel is lower than the upper end of the overflow plate, a sewage discharge opening and an overflow opening are formed in the vertical sewage discharge channel, the sewage discharge opening is provided with an openable sealing cover, and the overflow opening is formed at a position higher than the upper end of the overflow plate.

2. The mountain-terrain-based three-dimensional drainage system according to claim 1, characterized by, The filter layer or the mountain drainage ditch is provided with at least one check dam which is formed by pouring concrete or piling up gravel, and the height of the top of the check dam is higher than that of the filter layer.

3. The mountain-terrain-based three-dimensional drainage system according to claim 2, characterized by, The check dam is arranged in an arc shape, the arc opening of the check dam faces downward, and the two ends of the lowermost check dam extend towards the vertical sewage discharge channel.

4. A construction method of a three-dimensional drainage system based on the original appearance of a mountainous area, characterized by, The application further discloses a construction method of the three-dimensional drainage system based on the original appearance of a mountainous area, which comprises the following steps: (1) excavating a natural water ditch along a mountain to form a mountain drainage ditch, wherein the mountain drainage ditch includes an upper drainage ditch and a lower drainage ditch, the lower drainage ditch is arranged directly below the upper drainage ditch, and the upper drainage ditch is used for mounting a sleeve pipe; (2) excavating a horizontal channel and a vertical hole along the left and right sides of the lower section of the mountain drainage ditch, the horizontal channel is used for embedding a horizontal sewage discharge channel, the vertical hole is used for embedding a vertical sewage discharge channel, one end of the horizontal channel is connected with the lower drainage ditch, and the other end of the horizontal channel is connected with the vertical hole; (3) hardening the side wall and the bottom of the lower drainage ditch, and embedding a prefabricated concrete drainage pipe in the horizontal channel and the vertical hole, a through hole is formed in the concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole and is used for connecting with the prefabricated concrete drainage pipe in the horizontal channel, and a sewage discharge opening and an overflow opening are formed in the concrete drainage pipe in the vertical hole. (4) After the side wall and the bottom of the lower drainage ditch are hardened, the outer sleeve pipe is installed in the upper drainage ditch, the bearing seat is installed in the outer sleeve pipe, the rotating shaft and the filter screen plate are installed on the bearing seat, and the overflow plate is installed at the end of the lower section of the outer sleeve pipe; (5) The gap between the outer wall of the outer sleeve pipe and the upper drainage ditch is backfilled and compacted, the prefabricated concrete drainage pipe in the transverse channel is filled and covered with soil and compacted, and the outer periphery of the prefabricated concrete drainage pipe of the vertical hole is backfilled and compacted, wherein the overflow port and the sewage outlet should be exposed when the prefabricated concrete drainage pipe of the vertical hole is backfilled and compacted; (6) A steel reinforcement cage is made according to the width of the upper drainage ditch, the side of the steel reinforcement cage facing the upper drainage ditch does not mechanically interfere with the filter screen plate when the steel reinforcement cage is made, and the steel reinforcement cage is filled with a first gravel layer and a second gravel layer, wherein the particle size of the second gravel layer is larger than that of the first gravel layer; (7) The steel reinforcement cage made and filled with gravel is laid around the mountain drainage ditch; (8) A check dam is built above the steel reinforcement cage: the check dam is made of concrete pouring, or the check dam is made of gravel stacking; (9) The roadbed drainage ditch and the culvert are built according to the route of the mountainous road planning, and after the roadbed drainage ditch and the culvert are built; the overflow plate and the culvert, the overflow port and the culvert are connected to each other through the pipeline, and / or the overflow plate and the roadbed drainage ditch, the overflow port and the roadbed drainage ditch are connected to each other through the pipeline.

5. The construction method of the mountain-terrain-based three-dimensional drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the mountainous natural flow water ditch includes a main flow water ditch and a branch flow water ditch, the mountain drainage ditch is arranged in the main flow water ditch and the branch flow water ditch, the width of the mountain drainage ditch arranged in the main flow water ditch is greater than that of the mountain drainage ditch arranged in the branch flow water ditch, and the mountain drainage ditch arranged in the main flow water ditch and the mountain drainage ditch arranged in the branch flow water ditch are connected to each other.

6. The construction method of the mountain-terrain-based three-dimensional drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transverse sewage channel extends to the left and right sides of the mountain drainage ditch by more than 2 meters respectively, so as to guide the mountain water to the upstream and downstream of the roadbed drainage ditch through the overflow port in the vertical sewage channel.

7. The construction method of the mountain-terrain-based three-dimensional drainage system according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, When the two sides of the mountain natural flow water ditch are flat and do not have the condition of excavating the mountain drainage ditch, the transverse channel and the vertical hole, the lower drainage ditch is formed by concrete pouring, and the outer sleeve pipe is fixedly installed above the lower drainage ditch; then the prefabricated concrete drainage pipe arranged transversely and the prefabricated concrete pipe arranged vertically are stably arranged on the mountain, and the prefabricated concrete drainage pipe arranged transversely and the prefabricated concrete drainage pipe arranged vertically are buried by backfilling; And the periphery of the outer sleeve pipe is stabilized by backfilling gravel, and the backfilled gravel acts as a filter layer support.

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