A precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of bamboo ramet systems

Abstract

The present invention discloses a precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo ramet system. After cutting old bamboos in the bamboo forest, trenches are dug along the direction of the rhizome of the mother bamboo towards the leading shoot and the trailing shoot. For different types of bamboo forests, the underground stem branches in the direction of the leading shoot and the trailing shoot are adaptively pried out, and the branching level of the bamboo ramet system in the bamboo forest is regulated. After the regulation is completed, the soil is covered, and organic fertilizer is evenly applied in the trenches. By precisely regulating the growth of the bamboo forest, the present invention can maintain the balance between the maximum load of bamboo productivity and sustainable growth, which is not only beneficial to reducing the input of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. and protecting the ecological environment, but also beneficial to ensuring the quality of bamboo forest products and promoting the sustainable utilization of bamboo forests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a bamboo forest precise control method based on the growth of a bamboo division system, and belongs to the field of bamboo forest cultivation. Background Art

[0002] my country has abundant bamboo forest resources, and the area of high-quality bamboo forests is constantly expanding. In the artificial bamboo forests formed by seedling afforestation, a large number of seedlings are used as the base plant group, which eventually forms a closed bamboo population through continuous expansion and propagation, so its component level includes three levels: base plant, ramet system, and ramet; in the artificial bamboo forests formed by large-scale mother bamboo afforestation, from the initial mother bamboo afforestation to the formation of bamboo forest closure, the bamboo forest is mainly composed of ramet system groups formed by the expansion and propagation of different mother bamboos, so its component level mainly includes two levels, namely ramets and ramet systems.

[0003] Bamboo forests are different from other tree species. Whether they are natural or artificial, they need proper management to promote their sustainable use. Therefore, whether the bamboo forest is formed by the base plant group or the ramet system group, in its continuous renewal process, along with the natural death of old bamboos and old bamboo whips or being cut down and cleared by humans, the original base plant or ramet system will eventually disintegrate into several new bamboo ramet systems. Therefore, after several years of growth, the bamboo forest basically becomes a collection of multiple asexual ramet systems formed by the continuous branching of upper and lower components. These ramet systems are independent of each other and influence each other, jointly constructing and maintaining the development of bamboo forest populations, thus forming the unique characteristics of bamboo population nutrition growth. However, the current implementation of many bamboo forest growth regulation and management technologies usually takes the two levels of bamboo individuals and populations as the object, but ignores the regulation of bamboo ramet systems.

[0004] According to different uses, bamboo forests are divided into timber forests, bamboo shoot and timber forests, and bamboo shoot forests. Different types of bamboo forests inevitably have different levels of artificial management. For example, bamboo shoot bamboo forests have high management intensity, high yield, and good economic benefits. For this kind of high-intensity intensive bamboo forest, due to the frequent application of technical measures such as bamboo shoot harvesting, bamboo cutting, fertilization, reclamation, and old whip cleaning in bamboo forests, a large number of bamboo underground stems are broken, causing the original division system to be artificially fragmented. This makes the technical research on the relationship between the precise regulation of the bamboo division system and the productivity of bamboo forests even more unique in application value. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system. Based on the structural and functional characteristics of the unique rhizome system of bamboo, the present invention precisely regulates the growth of bamboo forests, reduces excessive and disorderly interference with bamboo forests, maintains the balance between the maximum load of bamboo productivity and sustainable growth, which is not only beneficial to reducing the input of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. and protecting the ecological environment, but also beneficial to ensuring the quality of bamboo forest products and promoting the sustainable utilization of bamboo forests.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system. After cutting old bamboos in the bamboo forest, trenches are dug along the direction of the mother rhizome's forward rhizome and backward rhizome. For different types of bamboo forests, the underground rhizome branches in the forward rhizome direction and backward rhizome direction are adaptively pried out, and the branching level of the bamboo rhizome system in the bamboo forest is regulated. After the regulation is completed, the soil is covered, and organic fertilizer is evenly applied in the trenches.

[0007] For the above-mentioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, for bamboo shoot forests, after cutting old bamboos in the bamboo forest, trenches are dug along the direction of the mother rhizome's forward rhizome, and all underground rhizome branches in the forward rhizome direction are pried out; trenches are dug along the direction of the mother rhizome's backward rhizome, and an appropriate amount of underground rhizome branches in the backward rhizome direction are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos with a breast diameter of 7 - 8 cm or more, the underground rhizome branches within 2 - 3 m are pried out, and for small and medium-diameter bamboos with a breast diameter of less than 6 cm, the underground rhizome branches within 1 - 2 m are pried out.

[0008] For the above-mentioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, for bamboo shoot forests, the branching level of the bamboo rhizome system in the bamboo forest is regulated to 5 - 7 levels.

[0009] For the above-mentioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, for bamboo shoot and timber forests, after cutting old bamboos in the bamboo forest, trenches are dug along the direction of the mother rhizome's forward rhizome after cutting, and as much underground rhizome branches in the forward rhizome direction as possible are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches above 5 - 7 m are pried out, and for small and medium-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches above 3 - 5 m are pried out; trenches are dug along the direction of the mother rhizome's backward rhizome, and an appropriate amount of underground rhizome branches in the backward rhizome direction are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches within 2 m are pried out, and for small and medium-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches within 1 m are pried out.

[0010] For the above-mentioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, for bamboo shoot and timber forests, the branching level of the bamboo rhizome system in the bamboo forest is regulated to 6 - 8 levels.

[0011] In the aforementioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, for timber bamboo forests, ecological public welfare bamboo forests, or carbon sink bamboo forests, trenches are dug along the direction of the rhizome of the bamboo stump after felling, and the rhizome branches in the direction of the incoming rhizome are removed by prying as much as possible. Among them, for large-diameter bamboo, the rhizome branches more than 2 - 3 m are removed, and for medium- and small-diameter bamboo, the rhizome branches more than 1 - 2 m are removed; trenches are dug along the direction of the outgoing rhizome of the bamboo stump, and the rhizome branches in the direction of the outgoing rhizome are not removed by prying, or an appropriate amount of rhizome branches in the direction of the outgoing rhizome are removed by prying. Among them, for large-diameter bamboo, the rhizome branches within 2 m are removed, and for medium- and small-diameter bamboo, the rhizome branches within 1 m are removed.

[0012] In the aforementioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, for timber bamboo forests, the branching level of the bamboo rhizome system in the bamboo forest is regulated to 7 - 9 levels.

[0013] In the aforementioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, the number of times of removing rhizome branches is the same as the number of times of bamboo felling.

[0014] In the aforementioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, the method for felling old bamboos in the bamboo forest is that the standing bamboo density in medium- and small-diameter bamboo forests is controlled at 12,000 - 16,000 plants per hectare, and the bamboo plants within 4 years are retained, and the number of bamboo plants of different ages is equal; the standing bamboo density in large-diameter bamboo forests is controlled at 2,500 - 3,500 plants per hectare, and in flowering-year bamboo forests, the bamboo plants within 4 - 6 years are retained, and in alternate-year bamboo forests, the bamboo plants within 3 - 4 degrees are retained, and the number of bamboo plants of different ages is equal.

[0015] In the aforementioned precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo rhizome system, the application amount of organic fertilizer in the bamboo forest is controlled at 1 - 2 tons per hectare.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) Through the precise regulation of the bamboo rhizome system, the growth space of the bamboo rhizome can be efficiently and quickly expanded, which is beneficial to the further branching expansion of the bamboo rhizome system, and can greatly improve the working efficiency and production efficiency of the bamboo rhizome system.

[0018] (2) Through precise regulation, the balance of artificial controllability between the maximum productivity load of the bamboo rhizome system and the sustainable growth of bamboo can be achieved, reducing the disorderly interference and excessive input to the bamboo forest, and promoting the high-quality development of the bamboo forest.

[0019] (3) Traditional bamboo forest regulation mainly clears the underground rhizomes of bamboo through reclamation. This not only involves a large amount of work but also easily breaks the healthy growing bamboo rhizomes, thus affecting the normal growth of bamboo. The technology of the present invention can well maintain the integrity of the morphological structure of the bamboo tillering system in the field bamboo forest through the precise regulation of the bamboo tillering system, which is conducive to giving full play to the reasonable division of labor and physiological integration among the branches of the bamboo branching system, promoting the robust growth of bamboo, and thus significantly improving the productivity of the bamboo forest.

[0020] (4) The present invention is simple and practical. The human and material resources required annually by using the technology of the present invention are relatively lower than those of the traditional bamboo forest regulation method, which is conducive to large-scale popularization and application. Specific implementation manners

[0021] The following further illustrates the present invention in conjunction with embodiments, but it shall not be used as the basis for limiting the present invention.

[0022] Embodiment 1: A precise regulation method for bamboo forest based on the growth of the bamboo tillering system. In a 5-acre bamboo shoot forest of Phyllostachys pubescens in Jinshan Village, Shuikou Township, Changxing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the standing bamboo density of the bamboo forest is controlled at 900 plants, and the forest has distinct alternate-year bearing; 3-degree or less bamboo plants are retained in the bamboo forest, with 300 plants of each age degree; bamboo forest felling is carried out in winter of each big year, and the number of old bamboos felled is 300 plants. After felling the old bamboos in the bamboo forest, dig out their bamboo stumps; dig a trench along the direction of the leading rhizome of the bamboo stump, and pry out all the underground rhizome branches in the direction of the leading rhizome; dig a trench along the direction of the trailing rhizome of the bamboo stump, and appropriately pry out the underground rhizome branches within 3 m in the direction of the trailing rhizome; maintain the branching level within 6 levels of the bamboo tillering system in the bamboo forest; cover the soil after the regulation is completed, and evenly apply 650 kg of bamboo forest organic fertilizer in the trench. The underground rhizome branches are pried out once every two years. After the precise regulation of the bamboo tillering system in the bamboo forest, the shoot survival rate reaches 97%, the new bamboos grow robustly, with lush branches and leaves; the shoot yield per degree is 2,715 kg, which is 21.3% higher than the control, significantly improving the bamboo shoot yield.

[0023] Embodiment 2: In a 5-acre bamboo forest of Phyllostachys violascens that has been covered for 5 years in Gaoyun Village, Lin'an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the standing bamboo density of the bamboo forest is controlled at 4,000 plants; bamboo plants within 4 years are retained in the bamboo forest, with 1,000 plants of different ages; bamboo forest felling is carried out in May every year after the new bamboos have initially grown, and the number of old bamboos felled is 1,000 plants. After felling the old bamboos in the bamboo forest, dig out their bamboo stumps; dig a trench along the direction of the leading rhizome of the bamboo stump, and pry out all the underground rhizome branches in the direction of the leading rhizome; dig a trench along the direction of the trailing rhizome of the bamboo stump, and appropriately pry out the underground rhizome branches within 1 m in the direction of the trailing rhizome; maintain the branching level within 5 levels of the bamboo tillering system in the bamboo forest; cover the soil after the regulation is completed, and evenly apply 600 kg of bamboo forest organic fertilizer in the trench. The underground rhizome branches are pried out once a year. After the precise regulation of the bamboo tillering system in the bamboo forest, the shoot survival rate reaches 93%, the new bamboos grow robustly, with lush branches and leaves; the bamboo shoot yield reaches 5,750 kg, which is 15.8% higher than the control, significantly improving the bamboo shoot yield.

[0024] Example 3: In a 5-acre bamboo forest for both shoots and timber in Huizhouzhuang Village, Shuikou Township, Changxing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the standing bamboo density of the bamboo forest is controlled at 1,050 plants, and the forest has distinct alternate-year bearing; bamboo plants within 3 degrees are retained in the bamboo forest, with 350 plants of each age degree; bamboo forest felling is carried out in the winter of each major year, and the number of old bamboos felled is 350 plants. After felling the old bamboos in the bamboo forest, dig out their bamboo stumps; dig a trench along the direction of the leading rhizome of the bamboo stump, and try to pry out the underground rhizome branches more than 5 - 7 m in the direction of the leading rhizome; dig a trench along the direction of the trailing rhizome of the bamboo stump, and appropriately pry out the underground rhizome branches within 2 m in the direction of the trailing rhizome; keep the branching level of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest within 7 levels; cover the soil after the regulation is completed, and evenly apply 400 kg of organic fertilizer for bamboo forest in the trench. The underground rhizome branches are pried out once every two years. After the precise regulation of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest, the shoot-retaining and bamboo-forming rate reaches 95%, the new bamboos grow vigorously with lush branches and leaves; the shoot yield per degree is 1,350 kg, and the timber yield per degree is 5.25 tons, which are respectively 26.4% and 23.8% higher than the control, significantly improving the shoot and timber yields.

[0025] Example 4: In a 5-acre bamboo forest for timber in Huizhouzhuang Village, Shuikou Township, Changxing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the standing bamboo density of the bamboo forest is controlled at 1,160 plants, and the forest has distinct alternate-year bearing; bamboo plants within 4 degrees are retained in the bamboo forest, with 290 plants of each age degree; bamboo forest felling is carried out in the winter of each major year, and the number of old bamboos felled is 290 plants. After felling the old bamboos in the bamboo forest, dig out their bamboo stumps; dig a trench along the direction of the leading rhizome of the bamboo stump, and pry out the underground rhizome branches more than 2 - 3 m in the direction of the leading rhizome; keep the branching level of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest within 8 levels; cover the soil after the regulation is completed. The underground rhizome branches are pried out once every two years. After the precise regulation of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest, the shoot-retaining and bamboo-forming rate reaches 91%, the new bamboos grow vigorously with lush branches and leaves; the timber yield per degree is 6.53 tons, which is 17.6% higher than the control, significantly improving the timber yield.

[0026] Example 5: In a 5-acre carbon sink bamboo forest in Huizhouzhuang Village, Shuikou Township, Changxing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the standing bamboo density of the bamboo forest is controlled at 1,600 plants, and the forest has distinct alternate-year bearing; bamboo plants within 4 degrees are retained in the bamboo forest, with 400 plants of each age degree; bamboo forest felling is carried out in the winter of each major year, and the number of old bamboos felled is 400 plants. After felling the old bamboos in the bamboo forest, dig out their bamboo stumps; dig a trench along the direction of the leading rhizome of the bamboo stump, and pry out the underground rhizome branches more than 2 - 3 m in the direction of the leading rhizome; keep the branching level of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest within 8 levels; cover the soil after the regulation is completed. The underground rhizome branches are pried out once every two years. After the precise regulation of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest, the shoot-retaining and bamboo-forming rate reaches 91%, the new bamboos grow vigorously with lush branches and leaves.

[0027] Example 6: In a 5-acre public bamboo forest in Huizhouzhuang Village, Shuikou Township, Changxing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the bamboo density in the forest is controlled at 1,200 plants, and the forest stand has distinct big and small years; bamboo plants within 4 degrees are retained in the bamboo forest, with 300 plants of each degree of age; bamboo forest felling is carried out in the winter of each big year, and the number of old bamboos felled is 300 plants. After felling the old bamboos in the bamboo forest, dig out their bamboo stumps; dig a trench along the direction of the leading rhizome of the bamboo stump, and pry out the underground rhizome branches more than 2-3 m in the direction of the leading rhizome; keep the branching level of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest within 8 levels; cover the soil after the regulation is completed. The underground rhizome branches are pried out once every 2 years. After the precise regulation of the bamboo plant ramet system in the bamboo forest, the bamboo shoot survival rate reaches 91%, and the new bamboos grow vigorously with lush branches and leaves.

[0028] In summary, based on the structural and functional characteristics of the unique ramet system of bamboo, the present invention precisely regulates the growth of bamboo forests, reduces excessive and disorderly interference with bamboo forests, maintains the balance between the maximum load of bamboo productivity and sustainable growth, which is not only conducive to reducing the input of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. and protecting the ecological environment, but also conducive to ensuring the quality of bamboo forest products and promoting the sustainable utilization of bamboo forests.

Claims

1. A precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of bamboo rhizome systems, characterized in that: After cutting old bamboo in the bamboo forest, trenches are dug along the rhizome's forward and backward directions. For different types of bamboo forests, the underground rhizome branches in the forward and backward directions are adaptively pried out, and the branching levels of the bamboo ramet system in the bamboo forest are regulated. After the regulation, the soil is covered, and organic fertilizer is evenly applied in the trenches. For bamboo forests for shoot production, after cutting old bamboo in the bamboo forest, trenches are dug along the forward direction of the rhizome. All underground rhizome branches in the forward direction are pried out. Trenches are dug along the backward direction of the rhizome, and an appropriate amount of underground rhizome branches in the backward direction are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos with a diameter at breast height of more than 7 cm, the underground rhizome branches within 3 m are pried out, and for small- and medium-diameter bamboos with a diameter at breast height of less than 6 cm, the underground rhizome branches within 2 m are pried out. For bamboo forests for both shoot and timber production, after cutting old bamboo in the bamboo forest, trenches are dug along the forward direction of the rhizome after cutting. As much as possible, the underground rhizome branches in the forward direction are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches more than 5 m are pried out, and for small- and medium-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches more than 3 m are pried out. Trenches are dug along the backward direction of the rhizome, and an appropriate amount of underground rhizome branches in the backward direction are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches within 2 m are pried out, and for small- and medium-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches within 1 m are pried out. For timber bamboo forests, ecological public welfare bamboo forests or carbon sink bamboo forests, trenches are dug along the forward direction of the rhizome after cutting. As much as possible, the underground rhizome branches in the forward direction are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches more than 2 m are pried out, and for small- and medium-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches more than 1 m are pried out. Trenches are dug along the backward direction of the rhizome, and an appropriate amount of underground rhizome branches in the backward direction are pried out. Among them, for large-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches within 2 m are pried out, and for small- and medium-diameter bamboos, the underground rhizome branches within 1 m are pried out. The number of times of prying out underground rhizome branches is the same as the number of times of bamboo cutting.

2. The precise regulation method of bamboo forest based on the growth of bamboo ramet system according to claim 1, wherein: For bamboo forests for shoot production, the branching level of the bamboo ramet system in the bamboo forest is regulated to 5 - 7 levels.

3. The precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of bamboo ramet systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: For bamboo forests for both shoot and timber production, the branching level of the bamboo ramet system in the bamboo forest is regulated to 6 - 8 levels.

4. In the precise regulation method of bamboo forest based on the growth of bamboo ramet system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: For timber bamboo forests, the branching level of the bamboo ramet system in the bamboo forest is regulated to 7 - 9 levels.

5. The precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of the bamboo ramet system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of cutting old bamboo in the bamboo forest is that the stand density of small- and medium-diameter bamboo forests is controlled at 12,000 - 16,000 plants per hectare, and bamboo plants within 4 years are retained, with an equal number of bamboo plants of different ages. The stand density of large-diameter bamboo forests is controlled at 2,500 - 3,500 plants per hectare. In flowering-year bamboo forests, bamboo plants within 6 years are retained, and in alternate-year bamboo forests, bamboo plants within 4 years are retained, with an equal number of bamboo plants of different ages.

6. The precise regulation method for bamboo forests based on the growth of a bamboo ramet system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rate of organic fertilizer in the bamboo forest is controlled at 1 - 2 tons per hectare.