Radial friction welding method for simultaneous multi-pass welding

Abstract

The present invention provides a radial friction welding method for synchronously welding multiple welds, comprising: machining a radial clamping tool and a rotary clamping tool, wherein the radial clamping tool comprises a positioning plate (10), a clamping claw (20) and an axial thrust block (30); machining and pre-processing of a part to be friction welded; installing the radial clamping tool and the rotary clamping tool and pre-clamping the part to be friction welded; performing radial friction welding; removing the welded part and completing radial friction welding. The method can complete radial friction welding of multiple thin-walled ring components on the surface of a pipe / shaft component through a single radial friction welding process, thereby achieving synchronous, high-precision, and high-strength welding of multiple welds, high welding efficiency, high weld joint quality, and good uniformity of weld structure and performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solid phase welding, and in particular to a radial friction welding method for synchronous welding of multiple welds. Background Art

[0002] Radial friction welding is a solid-phase welding method that uses radial pressure to create friction at the interface to be welded and a temperature increase near it, accompanied by deformation and flow of the material, and achieves connection through diffusion and recrystallization at the interface. Radial friction welding has the advantages of high weld joint quality, high efficiency, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection.

[0003] Radial friction welding is usually used for welding of pipe / ring, shaft / ring, pipe / pipe and other structural parts. At present, for some special functional structural parts, it is necessary to design a radial friction welding joint with multiple welds, that is, welding multiple ring components on the outer wall of the pipe / shaft component to form a friction welding joint composed of multiple thin-walled rings with different properties and radial welding to the pipe / shaft component, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0004] For the radial friction welding joint with multiple welds, two processing technologies are currently commonly used: one is to use a single weld to radially friction weld a single thin-walled ring component to the outer wall of a pipe / shaft component, and then obtain it through machining and multiple welding; the other is to use a wider ring component to radially friction weld the surface of a pipe / shaft component, and then use machining to process the thick ring component into multiple uniform thin-walled rings. However, the former requires multiple reciprocating processes of radial friction welding and machining, which is cumbersome and has low welding efficiency. Multiple welding processes also greatly increase production costs. The latter has too wide welds and too large weld areas, resulting in high friction torque, and is prone to abnormal phenomena such as clamping slippage during welding, resulting in low welding quality and low efficiency. In addition, due to factors such as welding wear and deformation between the clamping tooling and the ring-like components during welding, axial sliding and twisting during friction between the ring-like components and the tube / shaft components, and micro-warping of the clamping tooling during radial pressurization, an overly wide weld can easily cause a large gap between the clamping tooling and the ring-like components, resulting in extremely uneven radial pressure on the surface of the ring-like components during welding, that is, uneven friction pressure and top forging pressure, resulting in uneven microstructure and properties of the wide weld, which seriously affects the welding quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a radial friction welding method for simultaneous welding of multiple welds. This method realizes radial friction welding of multiple thin-walled ring components on the surface of pipe / shaft components through a single friction welding process. The friction welded joints are of high quality, the weld microstructure and performance are uniform, and the welding efficiency is high.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A radial friction welding method for synchronously welding multiple welds, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: According to the number and size of the ring components to be friction welded, a specific radial clamping tool is processed; at the same time, according to the pipe / shaft components to be friction welded, a rotary clamping tool is processed;

[0009] Step 2: machining the ring components and the tube / shaft components to be friction welded respectively, and removing rust, burrs, and oil from the parts to be welded of the components (i.e., the ring components and the tube / shaft components);

[0010] Step 3: Install the radial clamping fixture on the movable slide of the friction welding machine and the rotary clamping fixture on the main shaft of the friction welding machine, and pre-clamp the ring components and the pipe / shaft components by using the radial clamping fixture and the rotary clamping fixture respectively;

[0011] Step 4: Set the welding parameters on the control interface of the friction welding machine, start the friction welding machine, and complete the friction welding process of the ring component and the tube / shaft component, including friction, upsetting braking, and pressure holding;

[0012] Step 5: Loosen the radial clamping fixture and the rotary clamping fixture respectively, remove the weldment, and complete the radial friction welding.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the radial clamping tooling includes a positioning plate, a clamping claw and an axial thrust block, a through hole is provided in the middle of the positioning plate and the diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the ring-like component; a plurality of clamping claws are evenly arranged on the side wall of one side of the positioning plate and around the axis of the through hole, and the clamping claw is slidingly connected to the side surface of the positioning plate close to the positioning plate; the inner wall of the clamping claw is provided with a micro-tapered structure with an inner diameter gradually increasing from close to the positioning plate to a direction away from the positioning plate, and the inner wall of the clamping claw is sequentially processed with positioning shallow grooves corresponding to the number of ring-like components to be friction welded, and the outer wall of the clamping claw is provided with a tapered structure with an outer diameter gradually decreasing from close to the positioning plate to a direction away from the positioning plate; a tapered hole is provided in the axial thrust block and the tapered hole is coaxial with the through hole, the taper of the tapered hole is consistent with the taper of the outer wall of the clamping claw and the side walls of the tapered hole are slidingly connected to the corresponding outer walls of the clamping claw.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the side wall of the positioning plate is close to the clamping claw and the corresponding sliding grooves are evenly opened. The clamping claw is close to one side of the positioning plate and a slider is set corresponding to the sliding groove. The slider is clamped in the corresponding sliding groove and slidably connected to realize the positioning of the clamping claw and the relative sliding between the clamping claw and the positioning plate.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the side wall of the sliding groove is connected to the corresponding sliding block through a spring, thereby providing a certain elastic force buffer during the clamping process.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the taper of the micro-tapered structure is 0.5° to 1°; the depth of the shallow positioning groove is 1 to 2 mm, and the width is consistent with the width of the ring component to be friction welded.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the number of the shallow positioning grooves is 2 to 5, that is, the number of the ring-like components to be friction welded is 2 to 5.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the positioning plate is fixedly mounted on the movable slide of the friction welding machine, the axial thrust block slides relative to the movable slide of the friction welding machine, and the end of the axial thrust block away from the positioning plate is connected to the cylinder thrust output end of the friction welding machine, that is, the axial thrust block slides toward the end close to the positioning plate through the cylinder thrust.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the outer diameter of the tube / shaft component is φ41-φ160 mm; the width of the ring component is 3-15 mm, the outer diameter is φ50-φ185 mm, and the wall thickness is 4-12 mm.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the rotary clamping tool adopts an external clamping elastic clamping tool, and the rotary clamping tool is made of any one of 40CrNiMo or 40Cr medium carbon quenched and tempered steel.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the clamping width of the rotary clamping tool is 80 to 150 mm.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the welding parameters of the friction welding machine in step 4 are specifically as follows: friction speed 1000r / min~3000r / min, friction pressure 2MPa~8MPa, upsetting speed 500r / min~1500r / min, upsetting pressure 4MPa~15MPa.

[0023] The following are the effects of the above technical solution of the present invention:

[0024] The radial clamping fixture of the present application realizes automatic center positioning during the pre-clamping process of the ring-type component through the cooperation of the positioning plate, the clamping claw and the axial thrust block, that is, the axial thrust block is used to move along the central axis of the tapered hole to realize the sliding of multiple clamping claws (on the positioning plate) and pre-clamp the ring-type component located between them. During the clamping process, the tapered hole and the central axis of the ring-type component are collinear. At the same time, the radial clamping tooling of the present application sets the inner surface of the clamping claw to a composite structure of "multiple positioning shallow grooves + micro-tapers". First, radial friction welding of multiple welds can be achieved through a single welding process, effectively improving welding efficiency and avoiding the time-consuming and labor-intensive problems caused by multiple welding processes; second, the positioning shallow grooves are used to position the ring components to avoid sliding, twisting and deformation of small-width and large-thickness ring components along the axial direction of the radial clamping tooling during welding, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy of multiple welds; third, the micro-taper is used in conjunction with the running direction of the axial thrust block to achieve uniform force on the surface of the ring components during welding, ensuring the uniformity and consistency of the structural properties of the multiple welds, thereby achieving synchronous, high-precision and high-strength welding of multiple welds.

[0025] Compared with the wide weld radial friction welding process, this application significantly reduces the welding area, reduces the friction torque, reduces defects such as unwelded parts caused by clamping slippage during welding, effectively improves the welding quality and welding qualification rate, ensures the uniformity of the weld structure and performance, and avoids problems such as cracks in welds during high-intensity use; compared with single weld and multiple welding processes, this application greatly improves the welding efficiency, has low production costs, and is easy to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a multi-pass radial friction welding joint.

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the radial clamping tool for radial friction welding of multiple welds in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of middle A.

[0029] Among them, 100, tube / shaft components; 200, ring components; 10, positioning plate; 11, through hole; 12, slide groove; 13, spring; 20, clamping claw; 21, positioning shallow groove; 22, slider; 30, axial thrust block; 31, tapered hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] A radial friction welding method for radial friction welding between a steel ring with an outer diameter of φ50 mm, a width of 3 mm, and a wall thickness of 4 mm (i.e., a ring-type component 200) and a 30CrMoSi steel rod with an outer diameter of φ41 mm (i.e., a tube / shaft-type component 100) is provided, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: According to the number and size of the steel rings to be friction welded, in this embodiment, 5 steel rings are welded with 30CrMoSi steel rods, and a specific radial clamping tool is processed; wherein, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the radial clamping fixture includes a positioning plate 10, a clamping claw 20 and an axial thrust block 30. A through hole 11 is provided in the middle of the positioning plate 10, and the diameter of the through hole 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the steel ring, that is, larger than φ41; a plurality of clamping claws 20 are evenly arranged on the side wall of one side of the positioning plate 10 and around the axis of the through hole 11 (the number of the clamping claws 20 is set according to actual needs, usually 6 to 12, and the inner circles of the plurality of clamping claws 20 form a complete circle), and the clamping claws 20 are close to the side surface of the positioning plate 10 and the positioning The plate 10 is slidably connected, specifically: a side wall of the positioning plate 10 close to the clamping claw 20 and a sliding groove 12 is evenly provided corresponding to the clamping claw 20, and a slider 22 is set on the side of the clamping claw 20 close to the positioning plate 10 and corresponding to the sliding groove 12 (fixed). The slider 22 is clamped in the corresponding sliding groove 12 and slidably connected to achieve the positioning of the clamping claw 20 and the relative sliding between the positioning plate 10; the side wall of the sliding groove 12 is connected to the corresponding slider 22 through a spring 13, thereby providing a certain elastic buffer during the clamping process. The inner wall of the clamping claw 20 is set to move from the position plate 10 to the direction away from the position plate 10 (i.e. Figure 2 As shown from left to right), the inner diameter of the micro-tapered structure gradually increases. The taper R of the micro-tapered structure is 0.5°. The inner wall of the clamping claw 20 is processed with positioning shallow grooves 21 in accordance with the number of steel rings. In this embodiment, the number of positioning shallow grooves 21 is 5. The depth of the positioning shallow grooves 21 is 1mm and the width is consistent with the width of the steel ring (i.e. 3mm). The outer wall of the clamping claw 20 is set to be from close to the positioning plate 10 to away from the direction (i.e. Figure 2 As shown from left to right), the tapered structure with gradually decreasing outer diameter; the axial thrust block 30 is provided with a tapered hole 31 and the tapered hole 31 is coaxial with the through hole 11, and the taper of the tapered hole 31 is consistent with the taper of the outer wall of the clamping claw 20 (ie, the tapered hole 31 is as shown Figure 2 The diameter gradually decreases from left to right in the direction shown) and the side walls of the tapered hole 31 are respectively slidably connected to the corresponding outer walls of the clamping claw 20. The tapered structure of the outer wall of the clamping claw 20 and the taper of the tapered hole 31 are set according to actual conditions and are not excessively limited in this embodiment.

[0034] At the same time, a rotary clamping tool is processed according to the 30CrMoSi steel rod to be friction welded; the rotary clamping tool adopts an external clamping elastic clamping tool (the common clamping tool structure in this field can be used and is not too limited in this embodiment), and the rotary clamping tool is made of 40CrNiMo material.

[0035] Step 2: Machine the steel ring and 30CrMoSi steel rod to be friction welded separately, use sandpaper to remove rust and burrs on the welded parts (ring component 200 and tube / shaft component 100), and use ethyl acetate to remove oil stains on the welded parts.

[0036] Step three, install the radial clamping tooling on the movable slide of the friction welding machine, specifically: the positioning plate 10 is fixedly installed on the movable slide of the friction welding machine, the axial thrust block 30 slides relative to the movable slide of the friction welding machine, and the end of the axial thrust block 30 away from the positioning plate 10 is connected to the thrust output end of the oil cylinder of the friction welding machine, that is, the axial thrust block 30 slides toward the end close to the positioning plate 10 through the thrust of the oil cylinder.

[0037] The rotary clamping fixture is installed on the main shaft of the friction welding machine; and the central axis of the main shaft of the friction welding machine, the 30CrMoSi steel rod, and the tapered hole 31 are ensured to be in a straight line.

[0038] The steel ring and 30CrMoSi steel rod are pre-clamped by radial clamping fixture and rotary clamping fixture respectively; the radial clamping fixture pre-clamps the steel ring specifically as follows: multiple steel rings are placed in the positioning shallow groove 21 of the radial clamping fixture in sequence, and then the oil cylinder is started to move the axial thrust block 30 toward the side close to the positioning plate 10. The axial thrust block 30 pushes each clamping claw 20 to move toward the side close to the central axis of the steel ring to achieve clamping of the steel ring; the width of the 30CrMoSi steel rod clamped by the rotary clamping fixture is 80 mm.

[0039] Step 4. Set the welding parameters on the friction welding machine control interface, set the friction speed to 3000r / min, the friction pressure to 2MPa, the upsetting speed to 1500r / min, and the upsetting pressure to 4MPa; turn on the friction welding machine, rotate the clamping tool to clamp the 30CrMoSi steel rod, and the radial pressure tool to clamp the steel ring. Under the action of radial pressure (that is, when the cylinder is started and the axial thrust block 30 is applied), the welding surface of the 30CrMoSi steel rod is in close contact with the welding surface of the steel ring, and the main shaft of the friction welding machine starts to rotate and speeds up to the main shaft speed of 3 At 1000r / min, the front ends of the welding surfaces of the 30CrMoSi steel rod and the steel ring contact and rub against each other under the action of the axial friction force of 2MPa. As the metal softens and radial pressure is applied, the metal at the rear end of the welding surface gradually generates heat by friction, so that the entire welding surface is in a thermoplastic state. As the spindle speed drops to the upsetting speed of 1500r / min, the steel ring clamped in the radial pressurizing tooling produces upsetting brake under the radial upsetting pressure of 4MPa, and the pressure is maintained, completing 5 passes of synchronous radial friction welding of the steel ring and the 30CrMoSi steel rod.

[0040] Step 5: Loosen the radial clamping fixture and the rotary clamping fixture respectively, remove the weldment, and complete the radial friction welding.

[0041] The shear strength test of the welded joints after radial friction welding was carried out. The shear strength of the alloy joints between the steel ring and the 30CrMoSi steel pipe of the five welds were 512MPa, 508MPa, 521MPa, 518MPa and 507MPa respectively. The shear strength of the five welds varied by 1.6%, indicating that the weld microstructure and performance were uniform and consistent.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] A radial friction welding method for radial friction welding between a steel ring with an outer diameter of φ120 mm, a width of 9 mm, and a wall thickness of 8 mm (i.e., the ring-type component 200) and a 30CrMoSi steel pipe with an outer diameter of φ100 mm and a wall thickness of 12 mm (i.e., the pipe / shaft-type component 100) is provided, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: According to the number and size of the steel rings to be friction welded, in this embodiment, 3 steel rings are welded to the 30CrMoSi steel pipe, and a specific radial clamping tool is processed; wherein, Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the radial clamping fixture includes a positioning plate 10, a clamping claw 20 and an axial thrust block 30. A through hole 11 is provided in the middle of the positioning plate 10, and the diameter of the through hole 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the steel ring, that is, larger than φ100mm; a plurality of clamping claws 20 are evenly arranged on the side wall of one side of the positioning plate 10 and around the axis of the through hole 11 (the number of the clamping claws 20 is set according to actual needs, usually 6 to 12, and the inner circles of the plurality of clamping claws 20 form a complete circle), and the clamping claws 20 are close to the side surface of the positioning plate 10 and the positioning plate 10. The positioning plate 10 is slidably connected, specifically: the side wall of the positioning plate 10 close to the clamping claw 20 and the corresponding sliding groove 12 are evenly opened on the clamping claw 20, the clamping claw 20 is close to the side of the positioning plate 10 and the corresponding sliding groove 12 is set with a slider 22 (fixed), the slider 22 is clamped in the corresponding sliding groove 12 and slidably connected to achieve the positioning of the clamping claw 20 and the relative sliding between the positioning plate 10; the side wall of the sliding groove 12 is connected to the corresponding slider 22 through the spring 13, thereby providing a certain elastic buffer during the clamping process. The inner wall of the clamping claw 20 is set to move from the position plate 10 to the direction away (i.e. Figure 2 As shown from left to right), the inner diameter of the micro-tapered structure gradually increases. The taper R of the micro-tapered structure is 0.7°. The inner wall of the clamping claw 20 is processed with positioning shallow grooves 21 in accordance with the number of steel rings. In this embodiment, the number of positioning shallow grooves 21 is 3. The depth of the positioning shallow grooves 21 is 1.5mm and the width is consistent with the width of the steel ring (i.e. 9mm). The outer wall of the clamping claw 20 is set to be from close to the positioning plate 10 to away from the direction (i.e. Figure 2 As shown from left to right), the tapered structure with gradually decreasing outer diameter; the axial thrust block 30 is provided with a tapered hole 31 and the tapered hole 31 is coaxial with the through hole 11, and the taper of the tapered hole 31 is consistent with the taper of the outer wall of the clamping claw 20 (ie, the tapered hole 31 is as shown Figure 2 The diameter gradually decreases from left to right in the direction shown) and the side walls of the tapered hole 31 are respectively slidably connected to the corresponding outer walls of the clamping claw 20. The tapered structure of the outer wall of the clamping claw 20 and the taper of the tapered hole 31 are set according to actual conditions and are not excessively limited in this embodiment.

[0045] At the same time, a rotary clamping tool is processed according to the 30CrMoSi steel pipe to be friction welded; the rotary clamping tool adopts an external clamping elastic clamping tool (the common clamping tool structure in this field can be used, and no excessive restrictions are made in this embodiment), and the rotary clamping tool is made of 40Cr medium carbon tempered steel material.

[0046] Step 2: Machine the steel ring and 30CrMoSi steel pipe to be friction welded respectively, use sandpaper to remove rust and burrs on the welded parts (ring component 200 and pipe / shaft component 100), and use ethyl acetate to remove oil stains on the welded parts.

[0047] Step three, install the radial clamping tooling on the movable slide of the friction welding machine, specifically: the positioning plate 10 is fixedly installed on the movable slide of the friction welding machine, the axial thrust block 30 slides relative to the movable slide of the friction welding machine, and the end of the axial thrust block 30 away from the positioning plate 10 is connected to the thrust output end of the oil cylinder of the friction welding machine, that is, the axial thrust block 30 slides toward the end close to the positioning plate 10 through the thrust of the oil cylinder.

[0048] The rotary clamping fixture is installed on the main shaft of the friction welding machine; and the central axis of the main shaft of the friction welding machine, the 30CrMoSi steel pipe, and the tapered hole 31 are ensured to be in a straight line.

[0049] The steel ring and 30CrMoSi steel pipe are pre-clamped by radial clamping tooling and rotary clamping tooling respectively; the radial clamping tooling pre-clamps the steel ring as follows: multiple steel rings are placed in the positioning shallow groove 21 of the radial clamping tooling in sequence, and then the oil cylinder is started to make the axial thrust block 30 move toward the side close to the positioning plate 10. The axial thrust block 30 pushes each clamping claw 20 to move toward the side close to the central axis of the steel ring to achieve clamping of the steel ring; the width of the 30CrMoSi steel pipe clamped by the rotary clamping tooling is 115mm.

[0050] Step 4. Set the welding parameters on the friction welding machine control interface, set the friction speed to 2000r / min, the friction pressure to 5MPa, the upsetting speed to 1000r / min, and the upsetting pressure to 9MPa; turn on the friction welding machine, rotate the clamping tool to clamp the 30CrMoSi steel pipe, and the radial pressure tool to clamp the steel ring. Under the action of radial pressure (that is, when the cylinder is started and the axial thrust block 30 is applied), the welding surface of the 30CrMoSi steel pipe is in close contact with the welding surface of the steel ring, and the main shaft of the friction welding machine starts to rotate and speeds up to the main shaft speed of 2 At 1000r / min, the front ends of the welding surfaces of the 30CrMoSi steel pipe and the steel ring contact and rub against each other under the action of the axial friction force of 5MPa. As the metal softens and radial pressure is applied, the metal at the rear end of the welding surface gradually generates heat by friction, so that the entire welding surface is in a thermoplastic state. As the spindle speed drops to the upsetting speed of 1000r / min, the steel ring clamped in the radial pressurizing tooling produces upsetting brake under the radial upsetting pressure of 9MPa, maintaining pressure, and completing the three-pass synchronous radial friction welding of the steel ring and the 30CrMoSi steel pipe.

[0051] Step 5: Loosen the radial clamping fixture and the rotary clamping fixture respectively, remove the weldment, and complete the radial friction welding.

[0052] The shear strength test of the welded joint after radial friction welding was carried out. The shear strength of the alloy joints between the steel ring and the 30CrMoSi steel pipe of the three welds were 511MPa, 523MPa, and 511MPa, respectively. The shear strength of the three welds varied by 1.1%, indicating that the weld microstructure and performance were uniform and consistent.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] A radial friction welding method for radial friction welding between a steel ring with an outer diameter of φ185 mm, a width of 15 mm, and a wall thickness of 12 mm (i.e., the ring-type component 200) and a 30CrMoSi steel pipe with an outer diameter of φ160 mm and a wall thickness of 15 mm (i.e., the pipe / shaft-type component 100) with multiple welds simultaneously is provided, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: According to the number and size of the steel rings to be friction welded, in this embodiment, two steel rings are welded to the 30CrMoSi steel pipe, and a specific radial clamping tool is processed; wherein, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the radial clamping fixture includes a positioning plate 10, a clamping claw 20 and an axial thrust block 30. A through hole 11 is provided in the middle of the positioning plate 10, and the diameter of the through hole 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the steel ring, that is, larger than φ160mm; a plurality of clamping claws 20 are evenly arranged on the side wall of one side of the positioning plate 10 and around the axis of the through hole 11 (the number of the clamping claws 20 is set according to actual needs, usually 6 to 12, and the inner circles of the plurality of clamping claws 20 form a complete circle), and the clamping claws 20 are close to the side surface of the positioning plate 10 and the positioning plate 10. The positioning plate 10 is slidably connected, specifically: the side wall of the positioning plate 10 close to the clamping claw 20 and the corresponding sliding groove 12 are evenly opened on the clamping claw 20, the clamping claw 20 is close to the side of the positioning plate 10 and the corresponding sliding groove 12 is set with a slider 22 (fixed), the slider 22 is clamped in the corresponding sliding groove 12 and slidably connected to achieve the positioning of the clamping claw 20 and the relative sliding between the positioning plate 10; the side wall of the sliding groove 12 is connected to the corresponding slider 22 through the spring 13, thereby providing a certain elastic buffer during the clamping process. The inner wall of the clamping claw 20 is set to move from the position plate 10 to the direction away (i.e. Figure 2 As shown from left to right), the inner diameter of the micro-tapered structure gradually increases. The taper R of the micro-tapered structure is 1°. The inner wall of the clamping claw 20 is processed with positioning shallow grooves 21 in accordance with the number of steel rings. In this embodiment, the number of positioning shallow grooves 21 is 2. The depth of the positioning shallow grooves 21 is 2mm and the width is consistent with the width of the steel ring (i.e. 15mm). The outer wall of the clamping claw 20 is set to be from close to the positioning plate 10 to away from the direction (i.e. Figure 2As shown from left to right), the tapered structure with gradually decreasing outer diameter; the axial thrust block 30 is provided with a tapered hole 31 and the tapered hole 31 is coaxial with the through hole 11, and the taper of the tapered hole 31 is consistent with the taper of the outer wall of the clamping claw 20 (ie, the tapered hole 31 is as shown Figure 2 The diameter gradually decreases from left to right in the direction shown) and the side walls of the tapered hole 31 are respectively slidably connected to the corresponding outer walls of the clamping claw 20. The tapered structure of the outer wall of the clamping claw 20 and the taper of the tapered hole 31 are set according to actual conditions and are not excessively limited in this embodiment.

[0056] At the same time, a rotary clamping tool is processed according to the 30CrMoSi steel pipe to be friction welded; the rotary clamping tool adopts an external clamping elastic clamping tool (the common clamping tool structure in this field can be used and is not too limited in this embodiment), and the rotary clamping tool is made of 40CrNiMo material.

[0057] Step 2: The steel ring and 30CrMoSi steel tube to be friction welded are machined separately, and the rust and burr removal of the welded parts (ring component 200 and tube / shaft component 100) are performed with sandpaper, and ethyl acetate is used to remove oil stains on the welded parts.

[0058] Step three, install the radial clamping tooling on the movable slide of the friction welding machine, specifically: the positioning plate 10 is fixedly installed on the movable slide of the friction welding machine, the axial thrust block 30 slides relative to the movable slide of the friction welding machine, and the end of the axial thrust block 30 away from the positioning plate 10 is connected to the thrust output end of the oil cylinder of the friction welding machine, that is, the axial thrust block 30 slides toward the end close to the positioning plate 10 through the thrust of the oil cylinder.

[0059] The rotary clamping fixture is installed on the main shaft of the friction welding machine; and the central axis of the main shaft of the friction welding machine, the 30CrMoSi steel pipe, and the tapered hole 31 are ensured to be in a straight line.

[0060] The steel ring and 30CrMoSi steel pipe are pre-clamped by radial clamping tooling and rotary clamping tooling respectively; the radial clamping tooling pre-clamps the steel ring specifically as follows: multiple steel rings are placed in the positioning shallow groove 21 of the radial clamping tooling in sequence, and then the oil cylinder is started to move the axial thrust block 30 toward the side close to the positioning plate 10. The axial thrust block 30 pushes each clamping claw 20 to move toward the side close to the central axis of the steel ring to achieve clamping of the steel ring; the width of the 30CrMoSi steel pipe clamped by the rotary clamping tooling is 150mm.

[0061] Step 4. Set the welding parameters on the friction welding machine control interface, set the friction speed to 1000r / min, the friction pressure to 8MPa, the upsetting speed to 500r / min, and the upsetting pressure to 15MPa; turn on the friction welding machine, rotate the clamping tool to clamp the 30CrMoSi steel pipe, and the radial pressure tool to clamp the steel ring. Under the action of radial pressure (that is, when the cylinder is started and the axial thrust block 30 is applied), the welding surface of the 30CrMoSi steel pipe is in close contact with the welding surface of the steel ring, and the main shaft of the friction welding machine starts to rotate and speeds up to the main shaft speed of 1 At 1000r / min, the front ends of the welding surfaces of the 30CrMoSi steel pipe and the steel ring contact and rub against each other under the action of the axial friction force of 8MPa. As the metal softens and radial pressure is applied, the metal at the rear end of the welding surface gradually generates heat by friction, so that the entire welding surface is in a thermoplastic state. As the spindle speed drops to the upsetting speed of 500r / min, the steel ring clamped in the radial pressurizing tooling produces upsetting brake under the radial upsetting pressure of 15MPa, maintaining pressure, and completing the synchronous radial friction welding of the steel ring and the 30CrMoSi steel pipe in two passes.

[0062] Step 5: Loosen the radial clamping fixture and the rotary clamping fixture respectively, remove the weldment, and complete the radial friction welding.

[0063] The shear strength test of the welded joint after radial friction welding was carried out. The shear strength of the alloy joints between the steel ring and the 30CrMoSi steel pipe of the two welds were 525MPa and 504MPa respectively. The shear strength of the two welds varied by 2%, indicating that the weld microstructure and performance were uniform and consistent.

Claims

1. A radial friction welding method for simultaneous multi-pass welding of welds, which achieves radial friction welding of multiple thin-walled ring-like components on the surface of a pipe / shaft-like component through a single friction welding process, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: According to the number and size of the ring-like components to be friction welded, a specific radial clamping tool is processed; at the same time, according to the pipe / shaft components to be friction welded, a rotary clamping tool is processed; the radial clamping tool includes a positioning plate, a clamping claw and an axial thrust block, a through hole is provided in the middle of the positioning plate and the diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the ring-like component; a plurality of clamping claws are evenly arranged on the side wall of one side of the positioning plate and around the axis of the through hole, and the clamping claw is close to the side of the positioning plate and is slidably connected to the positioning plate; the inner wall of the clamping claw is set to a micro-tapered structure with an inner diameter gradually increasing from close to the positioning plate to away from the positioning plate, and the clamping claw is provided with a micro-tapered structure with an inner diameter gradually increasing from close to the positioning plate to away from the positioning plate. The inner wall of the claw is processed with positioning shallow grooves in sequence corresponding to the number of ring-like components to be friction welded, and the ring-like components are positioned by using the positioning shallow grooves. The outer wall of the clamping claw is set to a tapered structure with an outer diameter gradually decreasing from close to the positioning plate to away from it; a tapered hole is opened in the axial thrust block and the tapered hole is coaxial with the through hole. The taper of the tapered hole is consistent with the taper of the outer wall of the clamping claw, and the side walls of the tapered hole are respectively slidably connected to the outer walls of the corresponding clamping claws; the rotary clamping fixture adopts an external clamping elastic clamping fixture, and the rotary clamping fixture is made of any one of 40CrNiMo or 40Cr medium carbon quenched and tempered steel. Step 2: Machining the ring components and the tube / shaft components to be friction welded respectively, and removing rust, burrs and oil from the parts to be welded; Step 3: Install the radial clamping fixture on the movable slide of the friction welding machine and the rotary clamping fixture on the main shaft of the friction welding machine, and pre-clamp the ring components and pipe / shaft components using the radial clamping fixture and the rotary clamping fixture respectively; the clamping width of the rotary clamping fixture is 80 to 150 mm; Step 4: Set the welding parameters on the control interface of the friction welding machine, start the friction welding machine, and complete the friction welding process of the ring component and the tube / shaft component, including friction, upsetting braking, and pressure holding; Step 5: Loosen the radial clamping fixture and the rotary clamping fixture respectively, remove the weldment, and complete the radial friction welding.

2. The radial friction welding method for simultaneous multi-pass welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The taper of the micro-tapered structure is 0.5° to 1°; the depth of the shallow positioning groove is 1 to 2 mm, and the width is consistent with the width of the ring-like component to be friction welded.

3. A radial friction welding method for simultaneous multi-pass welding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of the positioning shallow grooves is 2 to 5.

4. The radial friction welding method for simultaneous multi-pass welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the tube / shaft components is φ41-φ160 mm; the width of the ring components is 3-15 mm, the outer diameter is φ50-φ185 mm, and the wall thickness is 4-12 mm.

5. The radial friction welding method for simultaneous multi-pass welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific welding parameters of the friction welding machine in step 4 are: friction speed 1000r / min~3000r / min, friction pressure 2MPa~8MPa, upsetting speed 500r / min~1500r / min, upsetting pressure 4MPa~15MPa.

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