Hard thick coal seam top coal caving construction system

Abstract

The application discloses a hard and thick coal seam top coal caving construction system, wherein hydraulic supports and a coal mining machine are arranged in a fully mechanized coal mining face, the hydraulic supports support the top coal after the coal mining machine cuts the coal; a shock wave generator and a blocking device are installed on a top beam of the hydraulic support through a moving mechanism, a top wall of the top beam is provided with a working hole; a lower end of the shock wave generator is provided with a water injection joint and a cable joint; the shock wave generator is a water bag type shock wave generator; a pulse power driving source and a water tank are arranged on a base of the hydraulic support; the pulse power driving source is electrically connected to the cable joint through a cable, a water outlet of the water tank is connected to a water inlet of a water pump, a water outlet of the water pump is connected to the water injection joint through a water injection pipe, and a pressure gauge is arranged on the water injection pipe. The application solves the problems of large coal loss, high safety risk and difficulty in effectively top caving in the hard and thick coal seam top coal caving method in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of coal mining technology, specifically relating to a top coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mining, the caving method, also known as the natural collapse method, is suitable for easily collapsible immediate roofs or moderately stable roofs. Specifically, this involves removing the roof support structures near the goaf, allowing the immediate roof to collapse on its own. Roof management using the caving method has advantages such as simple mining technology, high recovery rate, low coal loss, and good economic benefits. Therefore, this goaf treatment technology has been widely used in mines both domestically and internationally.

[0003] However, due to varying mechanical properties of coal seams, not all coal seams possess the property of spontaneous collapse, such as hard, thick coal seams. Influenced by the mechanical properties of the coal body and interbedded gangue layers, hard, thick coal seams often cannot collapse naturally. When encountering difficulties in roof caving at a fully mechanized mining face, auxiliary measures must be adopted, such as reciprocating support with roof caving supports, vibration, blasting, or injection of high-pressure water to weaken the roof, to induce collapse and thus achieve effective recovery of the top coal. Using vibratory blasting or hydraulic supports to repeatedly support the top coal through the opening results in significant coal loss. In the event of a gas explosion, the resulting impact will stir up coal dust, triggering a coal dust explosion and causing even more severe secondary damage. Using vibratory blasting for forced roof caving is a major measure to improve the top coal recovery rate, but it is highly prone to safety hazards, potentially causing equipment damage, personnel casualties, and safety accidents such as hurricanes caused by large-scale roof collapse at the fully mechanized mining face. Furthermore, the roof caving measure of injecting high-pressure water to weaken the roof sometimes cannot uniformly weaken the roof, making it difficult to control and effectively carry out roof caving. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a top-coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams, which solves the problems of large coal loss, high safety risks, and difficulty in effectively caving top coal seams in existing methods.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a top coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams, including a hydraulic support, a coal mining machine, a shock wave generator, a sealing device, a moving mechanism, a pulse power drive source, and a water tank;

[0006] The hydraulic support and the coal mining machine are arranged in the fully mechanized mining face, and the hydraulic support supports the top coal after the coal mining machine has cut the coal.

[0007] The shock wave generator and the sealing device are mounted on the top beam of the hydraulic support via the moving mechanism. The top wall of the top beam is provided with a working hole. The lower end of the shock wave generator is provided with a water injection connector and a cable connector. The shock wave generator is a water-bag type shock wave generator.

[0008] The pulse power drive source and the water tank are mounted on the base of the hydraulic support; the pulse power drive source is electrically connected to the cable connector via a cable, the outlet of the water tank is connected to the inlet of the water pump, the outlet of the water pump is connected to the water injection connector via a water injection pipe, and a pressure gauge is mounted on the water injection pipe.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the moving mechanism includes a lateral drive component;

[0010] The top beam includes a top wall, and a left side wall and a right side wall disposed on both sides of the top wall; the upper ends of the left side wall and the right side wall are connected to the two sides of the top wall;

[0011] The lateral drive assembly includes a slide plate, a slide rail, a drive motor, and a rack;

[0012] The rack is horizontally mounted on the slide plate, the slide plate is slidably mounted on the slide rail, the slide rail is horizontally set, the slide rail and the drive motor are both mounted on the left side wall of the top beam, and a drive gear is mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor, the drive gear meshing with the rack;

[0013] The sealing device is mounted on one side of the slide plate via a sealing mounting base, and the shock wave generator is mounted on the other side of the slide plate via a shock wave mounting base.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the blocking device is slidably installed in the blocking mounting base, and an upper blocking drive plate and a lower blocking drive plate are spaced apart on the side wall of the blocking device, the upper blocking drive plate and the lower blocking drive plate passing through the vertical holes provided in the side wall of the blocking mounting base;

[0015] The shock wave generator is slidably installed in the shock wave mounting base. The side wall of the shock wave generator is provided with an upper shock wave driving plate and a lower shock wave driving plate at intervals. The upper shock wave driving plate and the lower shock wave driving plate pass through the vertical holes provided in the side wall of the shock wave mounting base.

[0016] The upper sealing drive plate, the lower sealing drive plate, the upper shock wave drive plate, and the lower shock wave drive plate are parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the moving mechanism further includes a vertical drive component;

[0018] The vertical drive assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder and a movable plate. The hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the right side wall of the top beam via a base, and the movable plate is mounted on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The movable plate is parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate.

[0019] After the slide plate moves, the moving plate partially overlaps with the upper blocking drive plate, the lower blocking drive plate, or the upper shock wave drive plate and the lower shock wave drive plate in the vertical direction.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the upper end of the sealing device is provided with a sealing head, the sealing head is made of metal, and the structure of the sealing head is adapted to the working hole.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the shock wave generator includes an outer cylinder, a bag, a load, an insulator, a high-voltage electrode, and a ground electrode;

[0022] The outer cylinder has a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the outer cylinder has an opening for the shock wave to pass through. The bag is made of a stretchable insulating material and has a cylindrical structure with an opening at the rear end. The bag is fitted onto the front end of the outer cylinder.

[0023] The insulator is provided at the front of the outer cylinder, and the space inside the outer cylinder and in front of the insulator is a water injection space.

[0024] The load is located within the water injection space; both ends of the load are connected to the front ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, respectively; the rear ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode pass through the insulator and are connected to the cable connector.

[0025] The outlet of the water injection connector is connected to the inlet of the water supply pipe. The outlet of the water supply pipe passes through the insulator and extends into the water injection space. A solenoid valve is installed on the water supply pipe.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the rear end of the bag is fixed to the outer cylinder by a pressure ring, the pressure ring being an annular structure, the rear section of the pressure ring being threadedly connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder, and the rear end of the bag being clamped between the inner wall of the front section of the pressure ring and the outer wall of the outer cylinder.

[0027] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0028] This invention provides a top-coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams. After the sealing device blocks the working hole on the top wall of the roof beam, the hydraulic support can be moved to a new position for support, preventing the continuous falling of top coal debris from the working hole. After the sealing device is removed from the working hole, the debris falling from the working hole can be collected by a collection box below. When the shock wave generator needs to operate, its working end is inserted into the working hole, preventing the coal seam from scratching the shock wave generator's bag, thus reducing the frequency of maintenance. This invention induces fracturing in the top coal seam when the hydraulic support supports it, creating fissures within the coal seam. When the hydraulic support moves, the fractured coal seam collapses on its own, ensuring smooth coal mining. This invention induces fracturing in the top coal seam during coal cutting, thus not affecting the smooth progress of coal cutting or delaying construction. This invention can also set different shock wave operation methods according to the strength of the coal seam to ensure that the coal seam collapses on its own. This invention does not employ existing auxiliary measures such as reciprocating support of top coal caving supports, vibration, blasting, or injection of high-pressure water to weaken the roof and induce it to collapse. Therefore, it is highly safe and can uniformly weaken the roof, thus enabling controllable and effective roof caving. This invention also eliminates the need for real-time shock wave operations to drill holes in the coal seam before coal cutting, so it will not affect the construction progress. The construction system of this invention can effectively mine hard and thick coal seams, making it highly practical and easy to promote and use. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydraulic support provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the state of the sealing head of the sealing device provided in the embodiment of the present invention sealing the working hole.

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the state of the sealing head of the sealing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention being removed from the working hole.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the sliding plate that drives the sealing device and the shock wave generator to move, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the vertical drive component driving the shock wave generator to move, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the working end of the shock wave generator provided in an embodiment of the present invention extending into the working hole.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the state when the shock wave generator provided in the embodiment of the present invention generates a shock wave.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the shock wave generator provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the shock wave generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Reference numerals: 1-Longwall mining face; 2-Top coal; 3-Hydraulic support; 31-Working hole; 32-Top wall; 33-Left side wall; 34-Right side wall; 4-Coal mining machine; 5-Shock wave generator; 51-Water injection joint; 52-Cable joint; 53-Upper shock wave drive plate; 54-Lower shock wave drive plate; 55-Outer cylinder; 56-Bag; 57-Load; 58-Insulator; 59-Water injection space; 510-Pressure ring; 511-Water pipe; 6-Sealing device; 61-Upper sealing drive plate; 62-Lower sealing drive plate; 63-Sealing head; 7-Moving mechanism; 71-Horizontal drive assembly; 72-Vertical drive assembly; 8-Slide plate; 9-Slide rail; 10-Drive motor; 11-Rack; 12-Sealing mounting base; 13-Shock wave mounting base; 14-Hydraulic cylinder; 15-Moving plate. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the top coal caving construction system for hard thick coal seams provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a hydraulic support 3, a coal mining machine 4, a shock wave generator 5, a sealing device 6, a moving mechanism 7, a pulse power drive source, and a water tank.

[0044] Hydraulic support 3 and coal mining machine 4 are arranged in the fully mechanized mining face 1. Hydraulic support 3 supports the top coal 2 after the coal mining machine 4 cuts the coal.

[0045] The shock wave generator 5 and the sealing device 6 are mounted on the top beam of the hydraulic support 3 via a moving mechanism 7. The top wall 32 of the top beam is provided with a working hole 31. The lower end of the shock wave generator 5 is provided with a water injection connector 51 and a cable connector 52. The shock wave generator 5 is a water-bag type shock wave generator 5.

[0046] The pulse power drive source and the water tank are mounted on the base of the hydraulic support 3. The pulse power drive source is electrically connected to the cable connector 52 via a cable. The outlet of the water tank is connected to the inlet of the water pump. The outlet of the water pump is connected to the water injection connector 51 via a water injection pipe. A pressure gauge is installed on the water injection pipe.

[0047] It should be noted that when using this system for top coal caving 2 construction, firstly, hydraulic supports 3 and coal mining machines 4 are arranged in the fully mechanized mining face 1. The working hole 31 of the top wall 32 of the roof beam is sealed by the sealing device 6. The water injection connector 51 and cable connector 52 at the rear end of the shock wave generator 5 are connected to the water tank and pulse power drive source, respectively. After the coal mining machine 4 cuts the coal, the top coal 2 cut by the coal mining machine 4 is supported by the hydraulic supports 3, and the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 abuts against the lower surface of the top coal 2. The following steps are repeated until the top coal caving 2 construction is completed: the coal mining machine 4 cuts the coal again. During this process, the sealing device 6 is moved out of the working hole 31, and then the working end of the shock wave generator 5 is inserted into the working hole 31, so that the working end of the shock wave generator 5 abuts against the lower surface of the top coal 2. The shock wave generator 5 is controlled to perform shock wave operation on the top coal 2, thereby fracturing the hard thick coal seam. The shock wave generator 5 is moved out of the working hole 31, and the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 is inserted into the working hole 31 and abuts against the top coal 2 again. After the coal mining machine 4 completes this round of coal cutting, the hydraulic support 3 is moved to a new position for support, and the coal discharge window of the hydraulic support 3 is opened. The loosened coal is collected through the coal discharge window and transported by the conveyor.

[0048] After the sealing device 6 seals the working hole 31 of the top beam wall 32, it facilitates the movement of the hydraulic support 3 to a new position for support, preventing the continuous falling of top coal 2 debris from the working hole 31. When the shock wave generator 5 needs to work, its working end is inserted into the working hole 31, preventing the coal seam from scratching the bag 56 of the shock wave generator 5, thus reducing the number of maintenance operations. This invention induces fracturing in the top coal 2 when the hydraulic support 3 supports it, creating cracks within the coal seam. When the hydraulic support 3 moves, the fractured coal seam collapses on its own, ensuring smooth coal mining. This invention induces fracturing in the top coal 2 during coal cutting by the coal mining machine 4, thus not affecting the smooth cutting process or delaying construction progress. This invention can also set different shock wave operation methods according to the strength of the coal seam to ensure that the coal seam collapses on its own. This invention does not employ existing auxiliary measures such as reciprocating support of the top coal caving support, vibration, blasting, or injection of high-pressure water to weaken the roof and induce it to collapse. Therefore, it is highly safe and can uniformly weaken the roof, thus enabling controllable and effective roof caving. This invention also eliminates the need for real-time shock wave operation of drilling holes in the coal seam before coal cutting, so it will not affect the construction progress. The construction system of this invention can effectively mine hard and thick coal seams, thus it is highly practical and easy to promote and use.

[0049] In this embodiment, the moving mechanism 7 includes a lateral drive component 71.

[0050] The top beam includes a top wall 32, and a left side wall 33 and a right side wall 34 disposed on both sides of the top wall 32. The upper ends of the left side wall 33 and the right side wall 34 are connected to the two sides of the top wall 32.

[0051] The lateral drive assembly 71 includes a slide plate 8, a slide rail 9, a drive motor 10, and a rack 11.

[0052] The rack 11 is horizontally mounted on the slide plate 8, and the slide plate 8 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 9. The slide rail 9 is horizontally set, and both the slide rail 9 and the drive motor 10 are mounted on the left side wall 33 of the top beam. A drive gear is mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 10, and the drive gear meshes with the rack 11.

[0053] The sealing device 6 is installed on one side of the slide plate 8 via the sealing mounting base 12, and the shock wave generator 5 is installed on the other side of the slide plate 8 via the shock wave mounting base 13.

[0054] In this embodiment, the sealing device 6 is slidably installed in the sealing mounting base 12. The side wall of the sealing device 6 is provided with an upper sealing drive plate 61 and a lower sealing drive plate 62 at intervals. The upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62 pass through the vertical holes provided in the side wall of the sealing mounting base 12.

[0055] The shock wave generator 5 is slidably installed in the shock wave mounting base 13. The side wall of the shock wave generator 5 is provided with an upper shock wave driving plate 53 and a lower shock wave driving plate 54 at intervals. The upper shock wave driving plate 53 and the lower shock wave driving plate 54 pass through the vertical holes provided in the side wall of the shock wave mounting base 13.

[0056] The upper sealing drive plate 61, the lower sealing drive plate 62, the upper shock wave drive plate 53, and the lower shock wave drive plate 54 are parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate 8.

[0057] In this embodiment, the moving mechanism 7 further includes a vertical drive component 72.

[0058] The vertical drive assembly 72 includes a hydraulic cylinder 14 and a movable plate 15. The hydraulic cylinder 14 is mounted on the right side wall 34 of the top beam via a base. The movable plate 15 is mounted on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 and is parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate 8.

[0059] After the slide plate 8 moves, the moving plate 15 partially overlaps with the upper sealing drive plate 61, the lower sealing drive plate 62 or the upper shock wave drive plate 53, the lower shock wave drive plate 54 in the vertical direction.

[0060] It should be noted that the steps of removing the sealing device 6 from the working hole 31 and then inserting the working end of the shock wave generator 5 into the working hole 31 include:

[0061] When the sealing device 6 seals the working hole 31, the movable plate 15 on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 is located between the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62. The movable plate 15 abuts against the upper sealing drive plate 61.

[0062] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the lower sealing drive plate 62 to move downward through the moving plate 15. The lower sealing drive plate 62 drives the sealing device 6 to move downward within the sealing mounting seat 12 until the lower sealing drive plate 62 and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting seat 12 abut against each other.

[0063] The drive motor 10 is controlled to move, and the drive motor 10 drives the rack 11 to move via the drive gear. The rack 11 drives the slide plate 8 to move on the slide rail 9, so that the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62 are moved away from the moving plate 15, thereby moving the sealing device 6 away from the moving plate 15. After the slide plate 8 moves into position, the moving plate 15 is located between the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54. After the slide plate 8 moves, the moving plate 15 changes from being located between the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the lower sealing drive plate 62 to being located between the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54.

[0064] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the upper shock wave drive plate 53 to move upward through the moving plate 15. The upper shock wave drive plate 53 drives the shock wave generator 5 to move upward in the shock wave mounting base 13 until the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting base 13 abut together. At this time, the working end of the shock wave generator 5 abuts against the lower surface of the top coal 2.

[0065] The steps of removing the shock wave generator 5 from the working hole 31 and inserting the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 into the working hole 31 to abut against the top coal 2 again include:

[0066] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the lower shock wave drive plate 54 to move downward through the moving plate 15. The lower shock wave drive plate 54 drives the shock wave generator 5 to move downward within the shock wave mounting base 13 until the lower shock wave drive plate 54 and the lower edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the shock wave mounting base 13 abut.

[0067] The drive motor 10 is controlled to move, and the drive motor 10 drives the rack 11 to move via the drive gear. The rack 11 drives the slide plate 8 to move on the slide rail 9, causing the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54 to move away from the moving plate 15, thereby causing the shock wave generator 5 to move away from the moving plate 15. After the slide plate 8 moves into position, the moving plate 15 is located between the upper blocking drive plate 61 and the lower blocking drive plate 62. After the slide plate 8 moves, the moving plate 15 changes from being located between the upper shock wave drive plate 53 and the lower shock wave drive plate 54 to being located between the upper blocking drive plate 61 and the lower blocking drive plate 62.

[0068] The hydraulic cylinder 14 is controlled to move. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 drives the upper sealing drive plate 61 to move upward through the moving plate 15. The upper sealing drive plate 61 drives the sealing device 6 to move upward in the sealing mounting seat 12 until the upper sealing drive plate 61 and the upper edge of the vertical hole on the side wall of the sealing mounting seat 12 abut together. At this time, the sealing head 63 of the sealing device 6 abuts against the top coal 2.

[0069] The lateral drive assembly 71 is used to laterally move the sealing mounting base 12 and the shock wave mounting base 13, thereby realizing the lateral movement of the sealing device 6 and the shock wave generator 5. The vertical drive assembly 72 is used to vertically move the sealing device 6 and the shock wave generator 5, thereby moving the vertically moving sealing device 6 and the shock wave generator 5 to the working hole 31. The lateral drive assembly 71 and the vertical drive assembly 72 realize movement in two dimensions respectively. The moving plate 15 of the vertical drive assembly 72 realizes the vertical movement of the sealing device 6 and the shock wave generator 5 through the spaced upper sealing drive plate 61, lower sealing drive plate 62, upper shock wave drive plate 53, and lower shock wave drive plate 54. At the same time, it is convenient to switch the movement target. Therefore, the moving mechanism 7 of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate.

[0070] In this embodiment, the upper end of the sealing device 6 is provided with a sealing head 63. The sealing head 63 and the working hole 31 are structurally compatible. The sealing head 63 is made of metal and therefore has a set structural strength.

[0071] In this embodiment, the shock wave generator 5 includes an outer cylinder 55, a bag 56, a load 57, an insulator 58, a high-voltage electrode, and a ground electrode.

[0072] The outer cylinder 55 has a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the outer cylinder 55 is provided with an opening for the shock wave to pass through. The bag 56 is made of a stretchable insulating material and has a cylindrical structure with an opening at the rear end. The bag 56 is fitted onto the front end of the outer cylinder 55.

[0073] An insulator 58 is provided at the front of the outer cylinder 55, and the space inside the outer cylinder 55 and in front of the insulator 58 is a water injection space 59.

[0074] Load 57 is located within the water-filled space 59. The two ends of load 57 are connected to the front ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, respectively. The rear ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode pass through insulator 58 and are connected to cable connector 52.

[0075] The outlet of the water inlet connector 51 is connected to the inlet of the water supply pipe 511. The outlet of the water supply pipe 511 passes through the insulator 58 and extends into the water injection space 59. A solenoid valve is installed on the water supply pipe 511.

[0076] It should be noted that the steps for controlling the shock wave generator 5 to perform shock wave operation on the top coal 2 include: opening the valve of the water tank, and the water tank injecting water into the water injection space 59 of the shock wave generator 5 through the water injection pipe under the action of the water pump. Observe the reading of the pressure gauge on the water injection pipe. When the reading of the pressure gauge is the set value, the bladder 56 at the front end of the shock wave generator 5 expands and adheres to the lower surface of the top coal 2.

[0077] A pulsed power drive source discharges to the shock wave generator 5, which generates a shock wave through the load 57. The shock wave, transmitted through the water medium within the bag 56, performs work on the top coal 2, causing cracks to form. The bag 56 is made of insulating material and remains inflated during the shock wave's operation. This invention generates a shock wave through the bag 56, which reduces the fracturing capacity compared to conventional methods. However, experiments have shown that this method can meet the fracturing requirements of the top coal 2, ensuring its natural collapse and avoiding the need for drilling into the top coal 2 in conventional methods, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0078] The insulator 58 is sealed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 55, the high-voltage electrode, the ground electrode, and the water pipe 511. The load 57 can be made of U-shaped metal wire.

[0079] In this embodiment, the rear end of the pouch 56 is fixed to the outer cylinder 55 by a pressure ring 510. The pressure ring 510 has an annular structure, and the rear section of the pressure ring 510 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 55. The rear end of the pouch 56 is clamped between the inner wall of the front section of the pressure ring 510 and the outer wall of the outer cylinder 55.

[0080] It should be noted that the pouch 56 can be removed after the pressure ring 510 is disassembled, so that the staff can replace the pouch 56 or maintain its internal components.

[0081] In this embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for caving in a hard thick coal seam, characterized in that: Includes hydraulic support (3), coal mining machine (4), shock wave generator (5), sealing device (6), moving mechanism (7), pulse power drive source and water tank; The hydraulic support (3) and the coal mining machine (4) are arranged in the fully mechanized mining face (1). The hydraulic support (3) supports the top coal (2) after the coal mining machine (4) cuts the coal. The shock wave generator (5) and the sealing device (6) are mounted on the top beam of the hydraulic support (3) via the moving mechanism (7). The top wall (32) of the top beam is provided with a working hole (31). The lower end of the shock wave generator (5) is provided with a water injection connector (51) and a cable connector (52). The shock wave generator (5) is a water bladder type shock wave generator. The pulse power drive source and the water tank are mounted on the base of the hydraulic support (3); the pulse power drive source is electrically connected to the cable connector (52) via a cable, the outlet of the water tank is connected to the inlet of the water pump, the outlet of the water pump is connected to the water injection connector (51) via a water injection pipe, and a pressure gauge is mounted on the water injection pipe. The moving mechanism (7) includes a lateral drive component (71). The top beam includes a top wall (32) and a left side wall (33) and a right side wall (34) disposed on both sides of the top wall (32); the upper ends of the left side wall (33) and the right side wall (34) are connected to both sides of the top wall (32); The lateral drive assembly (71) includes a slide plate (8), a slide rail (9), a drive motor (10), and a rack (11). The rack (11) is horizontally mounted on the slide plate (8), the slide plate (8) is slidably mounted on the slide rail (9), the slide rail (9) is horizontally set, the slide rail (9) and the drive motor (10) are both mounted on the left side wall (33) of the top beam, the output shaft of the drive motor (10) is equipped with a drive gear, and the drive gear meshes with the rack (11); The sealing device (6) is installed on one side of the slide plate (8) via the sealing mounting base (12), and the shock wave generator (5) is installed on the other side of the slide plate (8) via the shock wave mounting base (13).

2. The rigid thick seam top coal caving construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing device (6) is slidably installed in the sealing mounting base (12). The side wall of the sealing device (6) is provided with an upper sealing drive plate (61) and a lower sealing drive plate (62) at intervals. The upper sealing drive plate (61) and the lower sealing drive plate (62) pass through the vertical holes provided in the side wall of the sealing mounting base (12). The shock wave generator (5) is slidably installed in the shock wave mounting base (13). The side wall of the shock wave generator (5) is provided with an upper shock wave driving plate (53) and a lower shock wave driving plate (54) at intervals. The upper shock wave driving plate (53) and the lower shock wave driving plate (54) pass through the vertical holes provided in the side wall of the shock wave mounting base (13). The upper sealing drive plate (61), the lower sealing drive plate (62), the upper shock wave drive plate (53), and the lower shock wave drive plate (54) are parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate (8).

3. The top coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams according to claim 2, characterized in that: The moving mechanism (7) also includes a vertical drive component (72); The vertical drive assembly (72) includes a hydraulic cylinder (14) and a moving plate (15). The hydraulic cylinder (14) is mounted on the right side wall (34) of the top beam via a base. The moving plate (15) is mounted on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (14). The moving plate (15) is parallel to the sliding direction of the slide plate (8). After the slide plate (8) moves, the moving plate (15) partially overlaps with the upper sealing drive plate (61), the lower sealing drive plate (62), the upper shock wave drive plate (53), and the lower shock wave drive plate (54) in the vertical direction.

4. The top coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the sealing device (6) is provided with a sealing head (63), the sealing head (63) is made of metal, and the structure of the sealing head (63) and the working hole (31) are compatible.

5. The top coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shock wave generator (5) includes an outer cylinder (55), a bag (56), a load (57), an insulator (58), a high-voltage electrode, and a ground electrode; The outer cylinder (55) is a cylindrical structure. The front end of the outer cylinder (55) is provided with an opening for the shock wave to pass through. The bag (56) is made of a stretchable insulating material. The bag (56) is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the rear end. The bag (56) is fitted onto the front end of the outer cylinder (55). The insulator (58) is provided at the front of the outer cylinder (55), and the space inside the outer cylinder (55) and in front of the insulator (58) is a water injection space (59). The load (57) is located within the water injection space (59); the two ends of the load (57) are respectively connected to the front ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode; the rear ends of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode pass through the insulator (58) and are connected to the cable connector (52). The outlet of the water inlet connector (51) is connected to the inlet of the water supply pipe (511). The outlet of the water supply pipe (511) passes through the insulator (58) and extends into the water inlet space (59). A solenoid valve is provided on the water supply pipe (511).

6. The top coal caving construction system for hard, thick coal seams according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rear end of the bag (56) is fixed to the outer cylinder (55) by a pressure ring (510). The pressure ring (510) is an annular structure. The rear section of the pressure ring (510) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder (55). The rear end of the bag (56) is clamped between the inner wall of the front section of the pressure ring (510) and the outer wall of the outer cylinder (55).

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