Tunnel construction method

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel construction method, comprising the following steps: excavating a horizontal passage; erecting a horizontal passage support, erecting a horizontal passage support structure in the horizontal passage; confirming a large-section contour; erecting a large-section support once, erecting part of a large-section support structure in the horizontal passage according to the large-section contour; excavating a large section; erecting a large-section support twice, erecting another part of a large-section support structure on the sidewall of the large section; lining, erecting a lining structure in the large-section support structure. The tunnel construction method provided by the application can make at least part of the large section located in the horizontal passage, optimize the construction steps, adapt to the narrow and complex space in the urban area, ensure that the large section has sufficient construction space, and facilitate the coordination of various work faces, because the buildings are dense in the urban core area, and the large section is excavated by using the existing horizontal passage. The horizontal passage support structure can support the large-section support structure, and help to improve the structural stability of the large section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, specifically relating to a tunnel construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban construction and the gradual expansion of city scale, the above-ground buildings in the urban core area are now approaching saturation. To facilitate better urban development, the construction of underground buildings within the urban core area is increasing. Due to the dense buildings, complex pipelines, and high pedestrian traffic in the urban core area, the available construction area is relatively small. Underground construction in the confined and complex spaces of the urban area typically employs a multi-step, vertical construction method. After the underground structure is completed, further excavation is required based on actual application needs, such as designing subway stations. However, the limited construction space and difficulties in coordinating various work surfaces (topography, landforms, construction period, residents' lives, etc.) significantly increase the construction difficulty. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a tunnel construction method to solve the technical problem of high construction difficulty in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a tunnel construction method, comprising at least the following steps:

[0005] Excavate a cross passage;

[0006] Erect cross passage support; erect cross passage support structure within the cross passage.

[0007] Confirm the overall cross-sectional outline;

[0008] A large-section support structure is erected in one go, and a portion of the large-section support structure is erected in the transverse passage according to the outline of the large section.

[0009] Excavate a large cross section;

[0010] Secondary large-section support is erected, and another large-section support structure is erected on the side wall of the large section.

[0011] Lining: A lining structure is erected within the large-section support structure.

[0012] Optionally, the step of erecting the cross passage support includes at least the following steps:

[0013] Erecting initial support for the transverse passage: Erecting initial support structures for the transverse passage on the side walls of the transverse passage.

[0014] Erect temporary support for the cross passage, and erect a temporary support structure for the cross passage within the cross passage.

[0015] Optionally, after the step of erecting the cross passage support and before the step of erecting the large section support in one go, the following steps are also included:

[0016] Plain concrete backfilling is performed between the cross passage support and the large section support.

[0017] Optionally, the large-section excavation step includes at least the following steps:

[0018] Divide the large cross-section into multiple guide tunnels;

[0019] Excavate pilot tunnels, and symmetrically excavate multiple pilot tunnels along the vertical direction.

[0020] Optionally, after the step of dividing the pilot tunnel and before the step of excavating the pilot tunnel, the following steps are further included:

[0021] In one reinforcement step, multiple advanced small guide tubes are arranged at the top of the large cross-sectional profile;

[0022] Secondary reinforcement involves grouting the top of the large cross-section profile.

[0023] Optionally, the step of erecting a large-section support in one go includes at least the following steps:

[0024] A partial large-section initial support structure is erected within the transverse passage.

[0025] Temporary support structures for large sections are installed within the cross passage.

[0026] Optionally, the secondary erection of large-section support steps may include at least the following steps:

[0027] Another large section of initial support was erected, and the other large section of initial support structure was erected in multiple stages according to the excavation sequence of the pilot tunnel.

[0028] Another section of temporary support for the large section was erected, and the temporary support structure for the large section was erected in multiple stages according to the excavation sequence of the pilot tunnel.

[0029] Optionally, the lining step may include at least the following steps:

[0030] Construct the base plate: Construct the base plate on the inner side of the bottom of the large-section initial support structure.

[0031] The middle plate is constructed on the inner side between the bottom and top of the large-section initial support structure;

[0032] Construct a top slab inside the top of the large-section initial support structure.

[0033] Optionally, prior to the base plate installation step, at least the following steps are included:

[0034] Remove the temporary support structure of the lower large section;

[0035] After the step of installing the base plate and before the step of installing the middle plate:

[0036] Remove the temporary support structure for the large cross-section of the middle layer;

[0037] After the middle plate construction step and before the top plate construction step:

[0038] Remove the temporary support structure of the upper large section.

[0039] Optionally, after the lining step, at least the following steps are included:

[0040] A detection instrument is installed on the outside of the initial support structure of the large section.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the tunnel construction method provided in this application are as follows:

[0042] The tunnel construction method provided in this application, due to the dense buildings in urban core areas, utilizes existing cross-channels for excavation of large cross-sections, ensuring that at least part of the large cross-section is located within the cross-channels. This optimizes the construction process, is suitable for narrow and complex urban spaces, guarantees sufficient construction space for the large cross-sections, and facilitates coordination among various work faces. The use of cross-channel support structures can support the large cross-section support structures, contributing to improved structural stability. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 A flowchart of a tunnel construction method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 A first construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 A second construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 4 A third construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 5 A fourth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 A fifth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 7 A sixth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 8 A seventh construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 9 The eighth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 10 The ninth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0054] Figure 11 Tenth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application

[0055] Figure 12 Eleventh construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0056] Figure 13 The twelfth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0057] Figure 14 The thirteenth construction plan view of the tunnel construction method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0058] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0059] 1. Horizontal passageway;

[0060] 2. Cross passage support structure; 21. Cross passage initial support structure; 22. Cross passage temporary support structure;

[0061] 3. Large cross-section;

[0062] 4. Large-section support structure; 41. Large-section initial support structure; 42. Large-section temporary support structure;

[0063] 5. Pilot tunnel;

[0064] 6. Advanced small catheter;

[0065] 7. Lining structure; 71. Bottom slab; 72. Middle slab; 73. Top slab;

[0066] 8. Detection instrument;

[0067] 9. Anchor bolts. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0069] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0070] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0071] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0072] Based on this, the present invention provides a tunnel construction method that utilizes existing cross passages to excavate large cross sections.

[0073] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown, this application provides a tunnel construction method, which includes at least the following steps:

[0074] S10: Excavate cross passage 1;

[0075] Specifically, the transverse passage 1 is first divided into multiple chambers along the vertical direction, and then excavated sequentially from the top to the bottom of the transverse passage 1 using a multi-step step method. Because the construction is being carried out in the confined and complex space of an urban area, the multi-step step method allows for flexible adaptation to the environment, ensuring sufficient working space during construction and also helping to increase construction speed.

[0076] S20: Erect the support for the transverse passage 1, and erect the transverse passage support structure 2 inside the transverse passage 1;

[0077] Specifically, according to the excavation sequence of the transverse passage 1, the transverse passage support structure 2 is erected sequentially in multiple chambers of the transverse passage 1.

[0078] S30: Confirm the outline of large section 3;

[0079] Specifically, after confirming the outline of the large section 3, a portion of the outline of the large section 3 is located within the transverse channel 1.

[0080] S40: Erect a large section 3 support structure at one time, and erect a portion of the large section 3 support structure 4 in the transverse passage 1 according to the outline of the large section 3.

[0081] S50: Excavation of large cross-section 3;

[0082] S60: Secondary erection of large section 3 support, and erection of another part of large section 3 support structure 4 on the side wall of large section 3;

[0083] S70: Lining, with lining structure 7 erected within the large-section support structure 4.

[0084] The tunnel construction method provided in this application, due to the dense buildings in the urban core area, utilizes the existing cross passage 1 to excavate a large cross section 3, ensuring that at least part of the large cross section 3 is located within the cross passage 1. This optimizes the construction process, is suitable for the narrow and complex spaces in urban areas, guarantees sufficient construction space for the large cross section 3, and facilitates coordination among various work faces. The cross passage support structure 2 can support the large cross section support structure 4, contributing to improved structural stability of the large cross section 3.

[0085] In one embodiment of this application, the step of erecting the support for the cross passage 1 includes at least the following steps:

[0086] Erect the initial support for the transverse passage 1, and erect the initial support structure 21 for the transverse passage 1 on the side wall of the transverse passage 1;

[0087] Specifically, after excavating each chamber, the initial support structure 21 for the transverse passage is erected on the sidewall of each chamber. After erecting the initial support structure 21 for the transverse passage, grout is injected outside the initial support structure 21 for the transverse passage.

[0088] Erect temporary support for the transverse passage 1, and erect temporary support structure 22 for the transverse passage 1.

[0089] Specifically, after the initial support structure 21 for the transverse passage is erected on the side wall of each cavern, the temporary support structure 22 for the transverse passage is erected on the side wall of each cavern.

[0090] This configuration allows the initial support structure 21 of the transverse passage to support the transverse passage 1. Specifically, after excavation, shotcrete is applied to reinforce and support the surrounding rock. Furthermore, it reduces secondary disturbance during subsequent construction, contributing to construction safety. The temporary support structure 22 of the transverse passage restrains and controls the deformation of the surrounding rock. During the excavation of the lower bench face, it further enhances the stability of the surrounding rock. It also forms a closed loop with the upper bench face, contributing to the stability of the transverse passage support structure 2.

[0091] Optionally, before the initial support steps for the cross passage 1 are performed, the following steps are also included:

[0092] Multiple advanced small guide tubes 6 are arranged at the top of the transverse channel 1.

[0093] This design can reinforce the soil layer at the top of the transverse passage 1 and prevent collapse during the excavation of the transverse passage 1.

[0094] Optionally, after the initial support erection step of cross passage 1 and before the temporary support erection step of cross passage 1, the following steps are also included:

[0095] Multiple anchor bolts 9 are driven into the outer edge of the initial support structure 21 of the cross passage at a 45° angle.

[0096] This setup, using anchor bolts 9, can reinforce the initial support structure 21 of the transverse passage, helping to further improve the stability of the transverse passage support structure 2.

[0097] Optionally, the initial support structure 21 of the transverse passage is set as a grating steel frame, and the temporary support structure 22 of the transverse passage is set as I22a steel.

[0098] Optionally, the grout used for full-section grouting reinforcement is a cement-water glass two-component grout, while a single-component cement grout is preferred for anhydrous sand and gravel strata.

[0099] In one embodiment of this application, after the step of erecting the cross passage 1 support and before the step of erecting the large section 3 support in one go, the following steps are also included:

[0100] Plain concrete backfilling: Plain concrete is used to fill the space between the cross passage 1 support and the large section 3 support.

[0101] Optionally, the plain concrete is C20 plain concrete.

[0102] In one embodiment of this application, the three-step process of excavating a large cross-section includes at least the following steps:

[0103] Divide the large cross section 3 into multiple pilot tunnels 5;

[0104] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the example is set to eight guide holes 5.

[0105] Specifically, the eight guide holes 5 are arranged symmetrically in the vertical direction, with four guide holes 5 arranged in each vertical direction.

[0106] Excavate pilot tunnel 5, and excavate multiple pilot tunnels 5 symmetrically along the vertical direction.

[0107] Specifically, first excavate the two upper left pilot tunnels 5, then excavate the two upper right pilot tunnels 5. After excavating the two upper right pilot tunnels 5, excavate the middle left pilot tunnel 5, then excavate the middle right pilot tunnel 5. After excavating the middle right pilot tunnel 5, excavate the lower left pilot tunnel 5, and finally excavate the lower right pilot tunnel 5.

[0108] This setup divides the large cross-section into multiple guide tunnels 5 for excavation, and the excavation is carried out vertically from top to bottom, which facilitates settlement control. At the same time, the symmetrical excavation method can reduce the impact of eccentric pressure.

[0109] In one embodiment of this application, after the step of dividing the pilot tunnel (step 5) and before the step of excavating the pilot tunnel (step 5), the following steps are also included:

[0110] One-time reinforcement involves arranging multiple advanced small guide tubes 6 at the top of the large cross-section 3 profile;

[0111] Specifically, before excavating the two upper left pilot tunnels 5, multiple pre-excavated small guide pipes 6 are arranged at the top of the two upper left pilot tunnels 5, and multiple pre-excavated small guide pipes 6 are arranged on the sides of the two upper left pilot tunnels 5. Before excavating the two upper right pilot tunnels 5, multiple pre-excavated small guide pipes 6 are arranged at the top of the two upper right pilot tunnels 5.

[0112] Secondary reinforcement involves grouting the top of the three-section profile of the large cross-section.

[0113] Specifically, full-section grouting treatment was carried out on the top of the outline of the large section 3 and the area within 3m outside the excavation outline.

[0114] With this setup, when excavating the pilot tunnel 5 on one side, by placing pre-installed small guide pipes 6 on the top of the pilot tunnel 5 on one side, the strata on one side of the large section 3 can be reinforced. By placing multiple pre-installed small guide pipes 6 on the sides of the pilot tunnel 5, the strata on the sides of the pilot tunnel 5 can be reinforced, preventing the pilot tunnel 5 from collapsing. By placing pre-installed small guide pipes 6 on the top of the pilot tunnel 5 on the other side, the strata on the other side of the large section 3 can be reinforced. Through this secondary reinforcement, voids can be prevented from appearing outside the initial support structure 41 of the large section.

[0115] Optionally, the pre-implantation catheter 6 is set to a DN32 pre-implantation catheter 6.

[0116] In one embodiment of this application, the step of erecting a large-section three-support structure in a single operation includes at least the following steps:

[0117] Erect part of the large section initial support 3, and erect part of the large section initial support structure 41 in the cross passage 1;

[0118] Erect temporary supports for some large sections 3, and erect temporary support structures for some large sections 42 in the cross passage 1;

[0119] Specifically, when a temporary support structure 42 with a large section is erected in the transverse passage 1, the temporary support structure 42 with a large section is used to replace the temporary support structure 22 of the transverse passage located within the outline of the large section 3.

[0120] With this configuration, after replacing the transverse temporary support structure 22 located within part of the outline of the large section 3 with the large section temporary support structure 42, it is possible to use part of the original transverse temporary support structure 22 and the large section temporary support structure 42 to simultaneously support the large section initial support structure 41, which helps to further improve the structural stability of the large section 3.

[0121] In one embodiment of this application, the secondary erection of large-section 3-support measures includes at least the following steps:

[0122] The other part of the large section 3 initial support is erected. According to the excavation sequence of the pilot tunnel 5, the other part of the large section initial support structure 41 is erected in multiple stages.

[0123] Specifically, according to the excavation sequence of the eight pilot tunnels 5, another part of the large-section initial support structure 41 is erected on the side wall of the large section 3 in multiple stages.

[0124] Another large section of temporary support 3 was erected, and another large section of temporary support structure 42 was erected in multiple stages according to the excavation sequence of the pilot tunnel 5.

[0125] This configuration allows the large-section initial support structure 41 to support the large-section 3, and to sequentially support multiple pilot tunnels 5 according to their excavation sequence, ultimately supporting the large-section 3 formed by the enclosed space of the multiple pilot tunnels 5, thus reinforcing the surrounding rock of the large-section 3. Furthermore, it reduces secondary disturbance during subsequent construction of the large-section 3, helping to ensure construction safety. The large-section temporary support structure 42 sequentially constrains and controls the deformation of the surrounding rock of multiple pilot tunnels 5, ultimately constraining and controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock of the entire large-section 3. This further improves the stability of the surrounding rock of the large-section 3. It also helps improve the stability of the large-section support structure 4.

[0126] Optionally, after the initial support step of another large section 3 is erected, and before the temporary support step of another large section 3 is erected, the following steps are also included:

[0127] Multiple anchor bolts 9 are driven into the outer edge of the large section initial support structure 41 at a 45° angle.

[0128] This configuration, through the anchor bolts 9, can reinforce the large-section initial support structure 41, which helps to further improve the stability of the large-section support structure 4.

[0129] Optionally, after erecting another section of temporary support for the large cross-section 3, the following steps are also included:

[0130] Multiple anchor bolts 9 are driven into the outer edge of the temporary support structure 42 at a 45° angle on the large section.

[0131] This configuration, through the anchor bolts 9, can reinforce the large section temporary support structure 42, which helps to further improve the stability of the large section support structure 4.

[0132] Optionally, the initial support structure 41 of the large section is set as a grid steel frame, and the temporary support structure 42 of the large section is set as I22a steel.

[0133] In one embodiment of this application, the lining step includes at least the following steps:

[0134] Remove the temporary support structure of the lower large section 42;

[0135] Construct the base plate 71, which is constructed on the inner side of the bottom of the large-section initial support structure 41.

[0136] 42. Remove the temporary support structure of the middle-level large section;

[0137] The middle plate 72 is constructed on the inner side between the bottom and top of the initial support structure 41 in the large section.

[0138] 42. Remove the temporary support structure of the upper large section;

[0139] Construct the top slab 73 inside the top of the large-section initial support structure 41.

[0140] This configuration allows for the convenient installation of the bottom waterproofing layer before the base slab 71 by removing the lower large-section temporary support structure 42, preventing water seepage at the bottom of the large section 3 and facilitating the construction of the base slab 71. Similarly, removing the middle large-section temporary support structure 42 facilitates the installation of the middle waterproofing layer before the middle slab 72, preventing water seepage in the middle of the large section 3 and facilitating the construction of the middle slab 72. Removing the upper large-section temporary support structure 42 facilitates the installation of the top waterproofing layer, preventing water seepage at the top of the large section 3 and facilitating the construction of the top slab 73. Installing the middle slab 72 after the base slab 71 has reached its design strength helps improve the safety performance of the lining. Finally, installing the top slab 73 after the middle slab 72 has reached its design strength further enhances the safety performance of the lining.

[0141] Optionally, after step 73 of constructing the roof slab, the following steps are also included:

[0142] 42. Remove the temporary support structure of the middle section.

[0143] This configuration allows the temporary support structure 42 for the large section in the middle to be removed after the top slab 73 has reached its design strength, which helps to further improve the safety performance of the lining.

[0144] In one embodiment of this application, after the lining step, at least the following steps are included:

[0145] A detector 8 is installed on the outside of the initial support structure 41 of the large section.

[0146] Specifically, the detector 8 is set as an earth pressure cell or a rebar gauge.

[0147] With this setup, the detector 8 can monitor the surrounding rock pressure of the large section 3 and the internal forces of the initial support structure 41 of the large section in real time.

[0148] One or more embodiments in this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments in this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method of tunnel construction, characterised in that, At least the following steps are included: Excavate a cross passage (1); Erect a cross passage (1) support, and erect a cross passage support structure (2) inside the cross passage (1); Confirm the outline of the large section (3); Before excavating the large section (3), a large section support structure (4) is erected in the transverse passage (1) according to the outline of the large section (3). Excavation of large cross sections (3); Secondary erection of large section (3) support: After excavating the large section (3), another part of the large section support structure (4) is erected on the side wall of the large section (3). Lining: A lining structure (7) is erected inside the large-section support structure (4).

2. The tunneling method of claim 1, wherein, The support steps for erecting the cross passage (1) include at least the following steps: The initial support of the transverse passage (1) is erected, and the initial support structure (21) of the transverse passage (1) is erected on the side wall of the transverse passage (1). Temporary support for the cross passage (1) is erected, and a temporary support structure (22) for the cross passage (1) is erected inside the cross passage (1).

3. The tunneling method of claim 1, wherein, After the step of erecting the cross passage (1) support and before the step of erecting the large section (3) support, the following steps are also included: Plain concrete backfilling is performed between the cross passage (1) support and the large section (3) support.

4. The tunneling method of claim 2, wherein, The large-section excavation (3) step includes at least the following steps: Divide the guide tunnel (5) into multiple guide tunnels (5) in the large cross section (3); Excavate pilot tunnels (5), and excavate multiple pilot tunnels (5) symmetrically along the vertical direction.

5. The tunneling method of claim 4, wherein, After the step of dividing the pilot tunnel (5) and before the step of excavating the pilot tunnel (5), the following steps are also included: In one reinforcement, multiple advanced small guide tubes (6) are arranged at the top of the profile of the large section (3); Secondary reinforcement involves grouting the top of the large cross-section (3) outline.

6. The tunneling method of claim 4, wherein, The first-stage large-section (3) support step includes at least the following steps: A partial large-section (3) initial support is erected, and a partial large-section initial support structure (41) is erected in the transverse passage (1). Temporary support for a large section (3) is erected, and a temporary support structure (42) for a large section is erected in the cross passage (1).

7. The tunneling method of claim 6, wherein, The secondary erection of the large cross-section (3) support step includes at least the following steps: The initial support of another large section (3) is erected. According to the excavation sequence of the guide tunnel (5), the initial support structure of another large section (41) is erected in multiple stages. Erect another large section (3) temporary support, and erect another large section temporary support structure (42) in multiple stages according to the excavation sequence of the guide tunnel (5).

8. The tunneling method of claim 6, wherein, The lining step includes at least the following steps: Construct a base plate (71) on the inner side of the bottom of the large-section initial support structure (41). The middle plate (72) is constructed on the inner side between the bottom and top of the large section initial support structure (41). Construct a top plate (73) inside the top of the large-section initial support structure (41).

9. The tunneling method of claim 8, wherein, Prior to the step of constructing the base plate (71), at least the following steps are included: Remove the temporary support structure of the lower large section (42); After the step of constructing the base plate (71) and before the step of constructing the middle plate (72): Remove the temporary support structure of the middle-layer large section (42); After the step of constructing the middle plate (72) and before the step of constructing the top plate (73): Remove the temporary support structure of the upper large section (42).

10. The tunneling method of claim 6, wherein, Following the lining step, at least the following steps are included: A detector (8) is installed on the outside of the large-section initial support structure (41).

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