Multi-layer split insulation tiles for combustion chambers

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-layer split insulation tile for a combustion chamber. The insulation tile includes a detachably connected shielding plate, an impact hole plate, and a base. The edge of the shielding plate abuts against the edge of the base to form the side wall of the insulation tile. The impact hole plate is disposed between the shielding plate and the base. The base is provided with a plurality of through holes, and a first chamber is formed between the base and the impact hole plate. A second chamber is formed between the shielding plate and the impact hole plate. The impact hole plate is provided with a plurality of impact holes, and the side wall of the insulation tile is also provided with a plurality of cooling holes. The multi-layer split structure adopted by the present invention makes each component easy to process and optimize the design, and suitable materials can be selected according to function, thereby reducing production costs. When a local failure of the insulation tile occurs, each component can be easily replaced, further saving costs. At the same time, the insulation tile of the present invention introduces cooling shock, which has high cooling efficiency and helps to extend the service life and safety of the insulation tile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular to a multi-layer split thermal insulation tile for a combustion chamber. Background Art

[0002] The combustion chamber is one of the three core components of a gas turbine. Inside the combustion chamber, fuel and high-pressure air are thoroughly mixed and burned, and the resulting high-temperature combustion gas is transferred to the turbine to produce power. Under operating conditions, the internal temperature can reach 1700K or even higher. To prevent overheating and ensure its reliability and service life, thermal insulation tiles are typically installed on the inner and outer walls of the combustion chamber.

[0003] At present, there are two types of thermal insulation tiles used in gas turbine combustion chambers: ceramic thermal insulation tiles and metal thermal insulation tiles. The thermal insulation tiles are supported by tiles or fixed to the combustion chamber wall by screws. However, as protective components, thermal insulation tiles are at risk of damage during use and require regular updates. For metal thermal insulation tiles, since the melting point of the base material is lower than the gas temperature, it is usually necessary to use a cooling structure combined with a thermal insulation coating to ensure their safe use. During operation, coating peeling or insufficient cooling can cause local failure of the metal thermal insulation tile. Traditional metal thermal insulation tiles are an integrated structure, and local failure requires the replacement of the entire thermal insulation tile, resulting in a waste of resources. At the same time, the selection of materials for the integrated structure needs to coordinate the service temperature and strength at the same time, and the material requirements are relatively high. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a multi-layer, split, and partially replaceable thermal insulation tile.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent application "Metal insulation brick for combustion chamber of gas turbine" (application publication number CN110906364 A, application publication date 2020.03.24) proposes a metal insulation brick consisting of a shielding plate and an outer edge, which is only a single-layer structure. The Chinese invention patent "Heat shield element for compressed air bypass device around combustion chamber" (authorization announcement number CN104169648 B, authorization announcement date 2016.03.02) proposes a heat shield element consisting of a shielding plate and a surrounding edge, wherein the cold side is divided into two walls, and the surrounding edge is provided with multiple air holes. The heat shield element proposed in this application is a one-piece structure and does not have the function of local replacement. The Chinese invention patent application "Polyhedron Truss Structure Heat Insulation Screen and Air Film Formation Method for Aircraft Engine Combustion Chamber" (Application Publication Number: CN 113339843 A, Application Publication Date: 2021.09.03) proposes a polyhedron truss structure heat insulation screen for aircraft engine combustion chambers composed of an air film orifice plate and an impact orifice plate, with multiple polyhedron trusses arranged between the air film orifice plate and the impact orifice plate. The heat insulation screen combines impingement cooling and air film cooling methods and has a good cooling effect. However, the structure is extremely difficult to form, the processing cost is high, and the process is complicated. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer split insulation tile for a combustion chamber to solve the problems of existing insulation tiles such as the inability to partially replace and the complex molding process.

[0006] The present invention provides a multi-layer split insulation tile for a combustion chamber, the insulation tile including a detachably connected shielding plate, an impact hole plate and a base, the edge of the shielding plate abuts against the edge of the base to form the side wall of the insulation tile; the impact hole plate is arranged between the shielding plate and the base; a plurality of through holes are opened on the base, and a first chamber is formed between the base and the impact hole plate; a second chamber is formed between the shielding plate and the impact hole plate, a plurality of impact holes are provided on the impact hole plate, and a plurality of cooling holes are also provided on the side wall of the insulation tile; cooling gas enters the insulation tile from the through holes, passes through the first chamber, the impact hole, and the second chamber, and finally flows out from the cooling hole to achieve cooling of the insulation tile.

[0007] Preferably, the edge end surface of the shielding plate and the edge end surface of the base are both inclined surfaces, and the inclined surfaces of the shielding plate and the base are in contact with each other.

[0008] Preferably, a protrusion is provided on the shielding plate, and the protrusion has a first step surface and a second step surface; a first countersunk hole matching the first step surface is opened on the impact hole plate, and a second countersunk hole matching the second step surface is opened on the base.

[0009] Preferably, a third countersunk hole and a first through hole that are interconnected are provided in the protrusion; a second through hole that is connected to the second countersunk hole is also provided on the base; and the fastener passes through the third countersunk hole, the first through hole and the second through hole in sequence to realize the detachable connection of the shielding plate, the impact hole plate and the base.

[0010] Preferably, a groove is formed on the inner side of the edge of the base, and the edge of the impact orifice plate matches the groove.

[0011] Preferably, a convex edge is provided along the edge of the impact orifice plate, and the convex edge cooperates with the groove.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of support portions are provided along the edge of the impact hole plate, and the support portions abut against the edge of the shielding plate.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of cooling grooves are provided on the edge end surfaces of the shielding plate and the base. When the edge end surface of the shielding plate abuts against the edge end surface of the base, two cooling grooves are combined to form one cooling hole.

[0014] Preferably, the cooling holes are opened on the edge of the shielding plate or the base.

[0015] The present invention divides the thermal insulation tile into three parts: a shield plate, an impact plate, and a base. These three components are assembled into a complete thermal insulation tile and then bolted to the inner and outer rings of the combustion chamber. This multi-layer, split structure allows for easy processing and optimized design of each component, enabling the selection of appropriate materials based on their function, reducing production costs. In the event of a partial failure of the thermal insulation tile, each component can be easily replaced, further reducing costs. Furthermore, the thermal insulation tile of this invention incorporates a cooling shock mechanism, resulting in high cooling efficiency and extending the tile's service life and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of the thermal insulation tile of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the thermal insulation tile of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the thermal insulation tile of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the shielding plate;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the impact orifice plate;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a top view of the impact orifice plate;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the base;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional image of the base.

[0024] Component number description:

[0025] 1. Insulation tile 2. Shielding plate 3. Impact hole plate

[0026] 4 Base 5 Shielding plate first side 6 Shielding plate second side

[0027] 7 Shielding plate first edge 8 Shielding plate second edge 9 Shielding plate third edge

[0028] 10 fourth edge of shielding plate 11 protruding portion 12 first cooling groove

[0029] 13 second cooling groove 14 first step surface 15 second step surface

[0030] 16 first countersunk hole 17 plate body 18 support portion

[0031] 19 impact hole 20 edge 21 convex edge

[0032] 22 first surface of base 23 second surface of base 24 first edge of base

[0033] 25 second edge of base 26 third edge of base 27 fourth edge of base

[0034] 28 third cooling groove 29 fourth cooling groove 30 through hole

[0035] 31 boss 32 second countersunk hole 33 groove

[0036] 34 mating surface 35 second cavity 36 first cavity

[0037] 37 third countersunk hole 38 second through hole 39 cooling hole

[0038] 40 first through hole DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside" and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0042] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0043] Figure 3 The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the thermal insulation tile of the present invention. In the following description, Figure 3 The attached drawings in the figure serve as a reference for the direction. Figure 3In the figure, the front direction is perpendicular to the viewing paper and facing outward, the back direction is perpendicular to the viewing paper and facing inward, the upward direction is along the viewing paper, the downward direction is along the viewing paper, the right direction is along the viewing paper, and the left direction is along the viewing paper.

[0044] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-layer, split-type thermal insulation tile for a combustion chamber. The thermal insulation tile 1 comprises a detachably connected shielding plate 2, an impact plate 3, and a base 4. The edges of the shielding plate 2 abut against the edges of the base 4, forming the sidewalls of the thermal insulation tile 1. The impact plate 3 is disposed between the shielding plate 2 and the base 4, within the thermal insulation tile 1. The base 4 has a plurality of through-holes 30, forming a first chamber 36 with the impact plate 3. A second chamber 35 is formed between the shielding plate 2 and the impact plate 3. The impact plate 3 is provided with a plurality of impact holes 19. The sidewalls of the thermal insulation tile 1 are also provided with a plurality of cooling holes 39. After the thermal insulation tile 1 is assembled, it is secured to the combustion chamber housing using fasteners. Cooling gas enters the thermal insulation tile 1 through the through-holes 30, impinges upon the first chamber 36, enters the second chamber 35 through the impact holes 19, and ultimately exits through the cooling holes 39, effectively cooling the thermal insulation tile 1.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the benefits of the thermal insulation tile of the present invention are:

[0046] 1. The introduction of impact cooling has high cooling efficiency, which can ensure the service temperature of the insulation tile 1 and improve its service life and reliability;

[0047] 2. Compared with the integrated structure, the multi-layer split insulation tile of the present invention can be replaced in a targeted manner when any component fails or needs to be updated, thereby improving the utilization rate of the product and reducing the cost of use;

[0048] 3. After the insulation tile is set to be assembled from three parts, the structure of each part is simplified, which is more convenient for subsequent optimization, further improving the operability and efficiency of the optimization design and increasing the diversity of the insulation tile structure;

[0049] 4. Each component can be matched with the most suitable material according to its own function. The material selection is not limited to a single metal or ceramic. The shielding plate 2 can be selected from a material with good heat resistance, such as a ceramic matrix composite material, and the base 4 can be selected from a metal material with high rigidity and strength;

[0050] 5. The existing technology uses an integral thermal insulation tile with a hollow cooling structure that needs to be produced through casting or additive manufacturing processes. However, the present invention divides the thermal insulation tile into three parts, which can be produced through traditional machining, greatly reducing processing costs.

[0051] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, shielding plate 2 includes a first shielding plate surface 5 proximal to the hot side and a second shielding plate surface 6 opposite first shielding plate surface 5. Second chamber 35 is located between second shielding plate surface 6 and impingement plate 3. The edges of shielding plate 2 include a first shielding plate edge 7, a second shielding plate edge 8, a third shielding plate edge 9, and a fourth shielding plate edge 10. A protrusion 11 is provided in the middle of shielding plate 2. Protrusion 11 has a first step surface 14 and a second step surface 15 extending from top to bottom.

[0052] like Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a first countersunk hole 16 cooperating with the first step surface 14 is opened in the middle of the plate body 17 of the impact hole plate 3, and a downward extending convex edge 21 and a plurality of upward extending support portions 18 are provided along the edge 20 of the plate body 17. The plurality of support portions 18 are respectively in contact with the first edge 7, the second edge 8, the third edge 9 and the fourth edge 10 of the shielding plate to form support in the upper and lower directions.

[0053] like Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the base 4 includes a first surface 22 proximal to the impact plate 3 and a second surface 23 distal to the impact plate 3. A first chamber 36 is located between the first surface 22 and the impact plate 3. A second countersunk hole 32 is defined in the center of the base 4 and mates with the second stepped surface 15. The edges of the base 4 include a first edge 24, a second edge 25, a third edge 26, and a fourth edge 27. A groove 33 is defined on the inner side of each edge (i.e., the side proximal to the second countersunk hole 32). The convex edge 21 of the impact plate 3 mates with the groove 33.

[0054] The groove 33 , the first countersunk hole 16 , the second countersunk hole 32 and the support portion 18 work together to limit the shielding plate 2 and the impact hole plate 3 in the upper and lower directions.

[0055] Those skilled in the art may also eliminate the protruding edge 21 as needed, and have the edge 20 of the plate 17 directly cooperate with the groove 33 to achieve the same upward and downward limiting function.

[0056] In order to prevent relative rotation between the shielding plate 2 and the base 4, the present invention preferably sets the end faces of the first edge 7 of the shielding plate, the second edge 8 of the shielding plate, the third edge 9 of the shielding plate, the fourth edge 10 of the shielding plate, the first edge 24 of the base, the second edge 25 of the base, the third edge 26 of the base and the fourth edge 27 of the base as inclined surfaces, and the two adjacent inclined surfaces above and below are abutted against each other, thereby realizing the front-to-back and left-to-right limitation of the shielding plate 2 and the base 4.

[0057] Further, if Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the protrusion 11 has a third countersunk hole 37 and a first through-hole 40 that communicate with each other. The third countersunk hole 37 can accommodate the head of a bolt. The base 4 also has a second through-hole 38 that communicates with the second countersunk hole 32. There are two through-holes 30. The second through-hole 38 and the two through-holes 30 all extend through a boss 31 provided on the second surface 23 of the base. The boss 31 has a mating surface 34 that mates with the tile fixing device. Fasteners, such as bolts, in the tile fixing device can sequentially pass through the third countersunk hole 37, the first through-hole 40, and the second through-hole 38 to secure the thermal insulation tile 1 to the inner and outer annular walls of the combustion chamber, thereby achieving a removable connection between the shielding plate 2, the impingement plate 3, and the base 4.

[0058] like Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, those skilled in the art can, as needed, open the cooling holes 39 on the edge of the shielding plate 2 or the base 4, or, as in a preferred embodiment of the present application, provide a plurality of first cooling slots 12 evenly spaced along the shielding plate's first edge 7 and the shielding plate's third edge 9 along their own extension direction, and provide a plurality of second cooling slots 13 evenly spaced along the shielding plate's second edge 8 and the shielding plate's fourth edge 10 along their own extension direction; provide a plurality of third cooling slots 28 evenly spaced along the base's first edge 24 and the base's third edge 26 along their own extension direction, and provide a plurality of fourth cooling slots 29 evenly spaced along the base's second edge 25 and the base's fourth edge 27 along their own extension direction. The first cooling slots 12, the second cooling slots 13, the third cooling slots 28, and the fourth cooling slots 29 are all arc-shaped slots, and the shapes and sizes of the first cooling slots 12 and the third cooling slots 28, and the second cooling slots 13 and the fourth cooling slots 29 match, and their positions correspond one to one. When the edge of the shielding plate 2 abuts the edge of the base 4, the first cooling groove 12 and the third cooling groove 28, as well as the second cooling groove 13 and the fourth cooling groove 29, cooperate to form a cooling hole 39. All cooling holes 39 are distributed in a circular pattern around the insulation tile 1 to ensure smooth outflow of cooling gas.

[0059] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer split insulation tile for a combustion chamber, characterized in that: The thermal insulation tile comprises a detachably connected shielding plate, an impact hole plate and a base, wherein the edge of the shielding plate abuts against the edge of the base to form the side wall of the thermal insulation tile; the impact hole plate is arranged between the shielding plate and the base; The base is provided with a plurality of through holes, and a first cavity is formed between the base and the impact plate; a second cavity is formed between the shielding plate and the impact plate, the impact plate is provided with a plurality of impact holes, and the side wall of the thermal insulation tile is also provided with a plurality of cooling holes; The cooling gas enters the thermal insulation tile from the through hole, passes through the first chamber, the impact hole, the second chamber, and finally flows out from the cooling hole to cool the thermal insulation tile; The shielding plate is provided with a protrusion, the protrusion having a first step surface and a second step surface; the impact hole plate is provided with a first countersunk hole matching the first step surface, and the base is provided with a second countersunk hole matching the second step surface; The cooling holes are opened on the edge of the shielding plate or the base.

2. The thermal insulation tile according to claim 1, characterized in that The edge end surface of the shielding plate and the edge end surface of the base are both inclined surfaces, and the inclined surfaces of the shielding plate and the base are in contact with each other.

3. The thermal insulation tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusion is provided with a third countersunk hole and a first through hole which are interconnected; the base is also provided with a second through hole which is connected to the second countersunk hole; the fastener passes through the third countersunk hole, the first through hole and the second through hole in sequence to realize the detachable connection of the shielding plate, the impact hole plate and the base.

4. The thermal insulation tile according to claim 1, characterized in that A groove is provided on the inner side of the edge of the base, and the edge of the impact orifice plate matches the groove.

5. The thermal insulation tile according to claim 4, characterized in that: A convex edge is provided along the edge of the impact orifice plate, and the convex edge is matched with the groove.

6. The thermal insulation tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of supporting portions are further provided along the edge of the impact hole plate, and the supporting portions abut against the edge of the shielding plate.

7. The thermal insulation tile according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of cooling grooves are provided on the edge end surfaces of the shielding plate and the base. When the edge end surface of the shielding plate abuts against the edge end surface of the base, two cooling grooves are combined to form one cooling hole.

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