Measurement system and method for characteristic parameters of indoor and outdoor fire behavior under influence of suspended window

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of measurement system and method of indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristic parameters under the influence of suspended window, and the system mainly includes three parts: one is the structure of combustion chamber, including single combustion chamber, indoor thermocouple, indoor heat flow meter, indoor fire source;Second is window structure, divided into three typical window design structures, namely upper suspended window, middle suspended window and lower suspended window;Three are facade structure.The application can measure the space-time evolution law of indoor fire combustion behavior and plume flow from chamber to outside under the coupling effect of different window opening structures (form / window opening angle) and indoor different fire load, fire source position by walking motor drive to change window opening angle, simulate the opening gas flow characteristics under different window opening form, window opening angle, indoor fire combustion intensity and the spread of fire plume on facade, so as to provide support for building fire dynamics research and window fire prevention design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building fire combustion and fire safety, specifically a measurement system and method for indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristic parameters under the influence of awning windows. Background Technology

[0002] Traditionally, architectural window design considers lighting, aesthetics, and indoor / outdoor ventilation. In reality, various window designs are common. Hinged windows are a frequently used architectural style in modern buildings; they are windows that open along a horizontal axis, providing ventilation, rain protection, and burglar protection. Depending on the position of the hinges and pivots, they are classified as top-hung, bottom-hung, and center-hung windows. When the hinges are on the side, it forms a casement window. Hinged windows come in various types, and the windows can rotate along the hinges and pivots to create different opening angles, thereby altering the room's ventilation.

[0003] When a fire occurs in a room, indoor and outdoor ventilation is limited by the window structure and opening angle. When a top-hung window is used, the hot smoke overflowing from the window opening flows out through the triangular opening area formed by the window and the building wall, forming two hot smoke plumes that propagate upwards. This is completely different from the situation where a traditional window is completely broken and the smoke overflows directly from the window opening (forming only one upward airflow from above the window). Currently, domestic and international studies on indoor fires and fire overflow from facade openings under different window opening angles generally do not consider the influence of different window opening ventilation conditions on the distribution and evolution characteristics of indoor and outdoor smoke flow and exterior fire plume parameters.

[0004] Regarding the opening angle of awning windows (the angle between the window and the building wall), relevant standards (such as the "General Code for Civil Buildings GB55031-2022", "Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings GB50222-2017", and "General Code for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings GB55015-2021") do not specify this. Currently, the relevant standard for fire protection design, "Technical Standard for Smoke Control and Exhaust Systems in Buildings GB51251-2017", does not consider the opening angle of different windows during a fire (which affects indoor ventilation conditions). Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the impact of different window opening conditions on indoor fires and fire overflow behavior, which will provide important support for building window design and fire protection design standards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a measurement system and method for indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristic parameters under the influence of awning windows. The goal is to experimentally observe the characteristics of indoor fire combustion and opening (smoke / flame) flow under different window opening angles and window types, and to reveal the evolution law of exterior flame characteristic parameters under different awning window opening angles, thus providing a reference for building awning window design.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The present invention provides a measurement system for indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristics parameters under the influence of suspended windows. The system is characterized by being composed of an upper movable facade system connected to a lower individual combustion chamber via a horizontal support plate. The horizontal support plate is fixed at a 90-degree angle to the outer panel of the upper movable facade system, and the surface of the outer panel, the outer edge of the horizontal support plate, and the surface where the opening of the individual combustion chamber is located are on the same vertical plane.

[0008] The individual combustion chamber has a cubic structure and is constructed from stainless steel plates. The inner lining of the cubic structure is a high-temperature resistant aluminum silicate ceramic fiber board. A porous gas burner is fixed to the top outer side of the individual combustion chamber, and the bottom of the porous gas burner is flush with the inner lining. Second thermocouples are arranged at equal intervals on the remaining inner surfaces of the individual combustion chamber to form a thermocouple array. A second heat flow meter is arranged on the bottom surface of the individual combustion chamber.

[0009] The front of the individual combustion chamber is provided with an opening door frame, which is connected to the individual combustion chamber through a door frame pivot. Fixing lugs are welded on both sides of the opening door frame. The window structure is fixed to the individual combustion chamber by means of the cooperation between the bolts and the fixing lugs on both sides of the opening door frame.

[0010] The window structure is constructed from stainless steel plates and fireproof plates. A window opening is located in the middle of the window structure. A pivot is fixed to the upper edge of the window opening via a fixing plate. A mica plate is connected to the middle of the pivot, and a glass plate or mica plate is adhered to the surface of the mica plate. Slide rails are provided on both sides of the window opening, and slide rail grooves are evenly spaced on the slide rails. By placing the pivot in different slide rail grooves, the position of the mica plate on the pivot in the window opening can be adjusted.

[0011] A buckle is provided on the upper surface of the mica panel. The buckle is connected to one end of a high-temperature resistant retractable rod. The other end of the high-temperature resistant retractable rod is connected to the middle position of the support rod in the movable facade system. The retraction of the retractable rod is controlled by a walking motor to form the adjustment function of the window angle adjustment device.

[0012] The support rod is supported by two vertical support rods, and a window adjustment system support frame is provided below the vertical support rods. The horizontal support plate is provided in the middle of the window adjustment system support frame. A walking motor is installed on the edge of the horizontal support plate. The walking motor is connected to a horizontal screw. The horizontal screw passes through the slider on the inner side of the outer panel and is screwed and fixed to the slider.

[0013] A roller is installed below the outer panel. The roller is fixed in the support groove on the side of the horizontal support plate. The outer panel moves horizontally in the support groove by means of the cooperation between the horizontal screw and the slider.

[0014] A heat flow meter support rod is provided on the slider, and a heat flow meter sleeve is fitted on the heat flow meter support rod. A heat flow meter fixing plate is welded to the side of the heat flow meter sleeve. A second thermocouple and a second heat flow meter are provided on the heat flow meter fixing plate. A first heat flow meter is provided on the center line of the outer panel, and a first thermocouple is provided on the left side. Together, they constitute a measurement module.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for measuring indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristics parameters under the influence of awning windows, characterized by its application in the aforementioned measurement system and including the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: If simulating the fire impact of a top-hung window on a single combustion chamber, then adjust the window structure according to Step 2;

[0017] If the simulated awning window affects the fire in a single combustion chamber, then the window structure should be adjusted according to step three.

[0018] If we simulate the fire impact of a bottom-hung window on a single combustion chamber, then we should adjust the window structure according to step four.

[0019] Step 2: Move the rotating shaft and place it in the uppermost groove of the slide rail. Secure the rotating shaft with a fixing piece. After connecting the retractable rod with the buckle, proceed to Step 5.

[0020] Step 3: Move the rotating shaft and place it in the middle groove of the slide rail. Fix the rotating shaft with the fixing piece. After connecting the retractable rod with the buckle, proceed to step 5.

[0021] Step 4: Move the rotating shaft and place it in the bottom groove of the slide rail. Secure the rotating shaft with the fixing piece. After connecting the retractable rod to the fixing buckle, proceed to Step 5.

[0022] Step 5: Control the walking motor to rotate, thereby driving the retractable rod to rotate to form different window canopy angles;

[0023] Step 6: If the temperature and heat flow of the exterior panel are to be measured, the heat flow data of the exterior panel and the exterior surface temperature are obtained using the first heat flow meter and the first thermocouple.

[0024] If the internal temperature and heat flow of the individual combustion chamber are to be measured, the heat flow data below the individual combustion chamber and the internal equidistant temperature are obtained using a second heat flow meter and a second thermocouple.

[0025] Step 7: Measure the initial temperature inside the combustion chamber of the unit and the initial temperature of the exterior panel. ;

[0026] Step 8: Ignition Experiment

[0027] Step 8.1: Define and initialize the initial gas flow rate as α, the increment before flame overflow as α1, and the increment after flame overflow as α2; the target setting value is α3.

[0028] Step 8.2: Open the fuel cylinder and ignite the combustible gas;

[0029] Step 8.3: Adjust the flow meter to the gas flow rate α and maintain this for a duration of Δ time.

[0030] Step 8.4: Determine if the flame overflows from the window. If it does, proceed to step 8.5; otherwise, proceed to step 8.6.

[0031] Step 8.5: After assigning α+α1 to α, if α=α3, the experiment ends; otherwise, return to step 8.3.

[0032] Step 8.6: After assigning α+α2 to α, if α=α3, the experiment ends; otherwise, return to step 8.3.

[0033] Step Nine: Process and analyze the collected heat flow and temperature data:

[0034] Step 9.1: Multiply the heat flux data collected by the first and second heat flux meters at different locations by the corresponding conversion coefficient to obtain the heat flux density values ​​of the interior and exterior panels of the single combustion chamber;

[0035] Step 9.2: Using the indoor temperature data collected by the second thermocouple under the condition of the top-hung window, calculate the temperature rise in the combustion chamber. Then, using the indoor temperature data within the Δ time after the flame overflows, calculate the average indoor temperature. Subtract the initial temperature of the individual combustion chamber from the average indoor temperature to obtain the temperature rise of the individual combustion chamber under the ignition experiment. ;

[0036] Step 9.3: Obtain the simulated temperature rise value under the influence of a fire in a top-hung window according to equation (1). :

[0037] (1)

[0038] In equation (1), This indicates the area of ​​the mica sheet. Indicates the vertical height of the mica plate. This is the overall characterization coefficient for wall heat loss and convection and radiation heat loss at the opening. This refers to the total surface area of ​​the individual combustion chambers. Specific heat capacity at constant pressure;

[0039] Step 9.4: Normalize the vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow measured by the first thermocouple to obtain the normalized vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow, T1= ,in, The initial temperature of the exterior facade panels. The temperature of the exterior panels and their initial temperature The difference, The dimensionless open-fire overflow convective heat release rate;

[0040] Step 9.5: Perform piecewise fitting on the vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow to obtain a mathematical characterization of the vertical temperature distribution of the open flame overflow under the suspended window condition;

[0041] Step 9.6: Normalize the transverse temperature data of the open flame overflow measured by the first thermocouple to obtain the normalized transverse temperature data of the open flame overflow to T2= ;

[0042] The dimensionless processing of the horizontal distance above the top-hung window yields the processed horizontal distance above the top-hung window. 1= ,in, This represents the location of the maximum lateral temperature at the same height. The effective thickness characteristic scale of open fire overflow under windless conditions;

[0043] T2 and 1. Fitting is performed, and the resulting fitted curve is used to characterize the change law of normalized transverse temperature rise with the increase of dimensionless transverse distance.

[0044] The present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a program that supports the processor in executing the measurement method, and the processor is configured to execute the program stored in the memory.

[0045] The present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the steps of the measurement method.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] 1. This invention utilizes a sliding rail next to the window opening and a rotating shaft above it. By placing the sliding rail at different positions, different window types can be achieved, simulating top-hung, bottom-hung, and center-hung windows. Compared to existing measurement systems, there is no device that can directly simulate a window. This device can not only simulate a window but also simulate multiple window types using a single device. Furthermore, by driving a retraction rod with a motor, the window can be pulled to achieve different window opening angles, thereby simulating the evolution of fires in chambers and the overflow behavior of fires in openings under different window opening angles. This provides a more convenient measurement system for the study of fire overflow in confined spaces.

[0048] 2. This invention utilizes a circular porous burner fixed above the indoor ceiling. A high-strength spring compresses the steel balls in the second layer to ensure uniform outlet airflow, thus simulating the diffuse combustion flame of the indoor ceiling. It uses gaseous fuel combustion and a mass flow meter to control the outlet flow rate, thereby describing the indoor ceiling flame combustion. Compared with the existing measurement system that generally uses a burner connected to the bottom, this invention can better simulate the influence of the diffuse combustion flame of the ceiling, improving the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.

[0049] 3. This invention provides a movable facade measurement system that utilizes thermocouples and heat flow meters on the facade panels and slide rails below the panels to achieve real-time measurement and monitoring of wall heat flow and temperature. By controlling the horizontal screw to rotate via a control box, the system can measure the two-dimensional distribution of facade temperature and heat flow, and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of temperature and heat flow under different window opening forms and angles. Compared with existing technologies, this invention makes temperature and heat flow measurement more convenient and diverse, and improves the diversity of experimental research perspectives. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the single combustion chamber structure of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2b This is a cross-sectional view of the single combustion chamber of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3a This is a side view of the porous burner as a whole.

[0054] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of a perforated plate;

[0055] Figure 4a A schematic diagram of a door frame opening in a building;

[0056] Figure 4b This is a schematic diagram of the building's window structure;

[0057] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the rotation of the window opening and door panel of a building.

[0058] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a movable facade feature parameter measuring device;

[0059] Figure 7a Diagram of a heat flow meter tree device;

[0060] Figure 7b Diagram showing the locations of thermocouples and heat flow meters;

[0061] The diagram labels are as follows: 1-Support rod, 2-Retractable rod, 3-Frame, 4-Exterior panel, 5-Slide groove, 6-Scale line, 7-Horizontal support plate, 8-Heat flow meter, 9-Heat flow meter tree, 10-First heat flow meter, 11-First thermocouple, 12-Fixing bolt, 13-Slider, 14-Horizontal screw, 15-Walking motor, 16-Control box, 17-Data acquisition device, 18-Window panel, 19-Rotating shaft, 20-Slide rail, 21-Opening door frame, 22-Single combustion chamber, 23-Exterior facade A, 24-Exterior facade B, 25-Window adjustment system support frame exterior facade support frame, 26-Exterior facade support frame roller, 27-Window adjustment system support frame, 28-Window adjustment system support frame roller. 29-Fuel cylinder, 30-Flow meter, 31-Gas pipe, 32-Fixing bolt, 33-Porous gas burner, 34-Door frame pivot, 35-Rotable window panel, 36-Fixing bolt, 37-First steel plate, 38-Inner lining, 39-Second thermocouple, 40-Second heat flow meter, 41-Spring, 42-Second steel plate, 43-Steel ball, 44-Orifice, 45-Snap fastener, 46-First stainless steel plate, 47-Fireproof board, 48-Fixing plate, 49-Second stainless steel plate, 50-Mica plate, 51-Window opening, 52-Sleeve, 53-Modible joint, 54-Roller, 55-Heat flow meter support rod, 56-Scale line, 57-Heat flow meter sleeve, 58-Heat flow meter fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0062] In this embodiment, a measurement system for indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristic parameters under the influence of a suspended window is formed by splicing an upper movable facade system with a lower individual combustion chamber 22 via a horizontal support plate 7; wherein, the horizontal support plate 7 is fixed at a 90-degree angle to the outer panel 4 of the upper movable facade system, and the surface of the outer panel 4, the outer edge of the horizontal support plate 7, and the surface where the opening of the individual combustion chamber 22 is located are on the same vertical plane; as Figure 1 As shown, after splicing, ensuring that the three parts are on the same vertical plane can guarantee that the fire overflow in this experiment is the same as the fire overflow on the wall in reality, making the experimental data more reliable.

[0063] The individual combustion chamber 22 has a cubic structure and is constructed from a first steel plate 37. The inner lining 38 of the cubic structure is made of high-temperature resistant aluminosilicate ceramic fiber board. A porous gas burner 33 is fixed to the top outer side of the individual combustion chamber 22. Figure 3a As shown, the indoor circular porous gas burner uses a second steel plate 42 welded into a cylindrical cavity structure. A stainless steel tube is welded to the bottom. The interior is divided into two parts by a porous steel plate: the part near the burner outlet (gas outflow position) contains steel balls-43, and the part near the burner inlet (gas inflow position) contains... Figure 3b As shown, a perforated plate separates the spacer, creating a cavity between the perforated plate and the burner inlet. This cavity is primarily for uniform fuel mixing. The plate is made of steel and is fixed to the burner inlet plate by a spring 41, mainly to compress the glass beads. The bottom of the perforated gas burner 33 is flush with the liner 38, as shown in 2a. The flush top is the bottom position of the perforated burner. Second thermocouples 39 are evenly spaced on the rear side of the individual combustion chamber 22 to form a thermocouple array. A second heat flow meter 40 is arranged on the bottom surface of the individual combustion chamber 22. Figure 2b As shown, thermocouple orifices are set at equal intervals directly behind the opening to arrange a thermocouple array. At the same time, a heat flow meter orifice is set on the side below the individual combustion chamber 22 near the opening to measure the heat flow.

[0064] The front of the individual combustion chamber 22 is provided with an opening door frame 21, which is connected to the individual combustion chamber 22 via a door frame pivot 34. Fixing lugs are welded to both sides of the opening door frame 21. The window structure is fixed to the individual combustion chamber 22 by the engagement of bolts with the fixing lugs on both sides of the opening door frame 21. Figure 4a As shown, open the opening door frame, place the window structure into the opening of the single combustion chamber 22, then close the opening door frame, and use bolts to pass through the fixing lugs to firmly fix the window structure inside without leaving any gaps.

[0065] The window structure is composed of a first stainless steel plate 46 and a fireproof plate 47. A window opening is provided in the middle of the window structure, and a pivot 19 is fixed to the upper edge of the window opening via a fixing piece 48. Figure 4b As shown, when the pivot 19 is placed in different positions, the fixing plate 48 moves accordingly to fix it in its position. Not only the upper edge, but also the middle position of the pivot 19 is connected to a mica plate 50. The surface of the mica plate 50 is bonded with a glass plate or mica plate. The steel plate and the glass plate are tightly bonded together. The glass plate is positioned facing the window. Slide rails 20 are provided on both sides of the window opening. Slide rail grooves are provided at equal intervals on the slide rails 20. By placing the pivot 19 in different slide rail grooves, the position of the mica plate 50 on the pivot 19 in the window opening can be adjusted.

[0066] A buckle 45 is provided on the upper surface of the mica panel 50. The buckle 45 is connected to one end of the high-temperature resistant retractable rod 2. The other end of the high-temperature resistant retractable rod 2 is connected to the middle position of the horizontal support rod 1 in the movable facade system. The retraction of the retractable rod 2 is controlled by the walking motor 15 to form the adjustment function of the window angle adjustment device. Figures 5a to 5b As shown, the window angle is adjusted from a larger angle to a smaller angle by the action of the retraction rod 2.

[0067] The support rod 1 is supported by two vertical support rods, and a window adjustment system support frame 27 is provided below the vertical support rods. A horizontal support plate 7 is provided in the middle of the window adjustment system support frame 27. A walking motor 15 is installed on the edge of the horizontal support plate 7. The walking motor 15 is connected to a horizontal screw 14. The horizontal screw 14 passes through the slider 13 on the inner side of the outer panel 4 and is screwed and fixed to the slider 13. Figure 6 As shown, the two are closely fitted together. The movement of the outer panel 4 will drive the slider 13, and the movement of the slider 13 will also drive the outer panel 4.

[0068] A roller 54 is installed below the outer panel 4. The roller 54 is fixed in the support groove on the side of the horizontal support plate 7. Through the cooperation of the horizontal screw 14 and the slider 13, the horizontal screw 14 drives the slider 13 to move, and the slider 13 drives the outer panel 4 to move, so that the outer panel 4 moves horizontally in the support groove through the roller 54.

[0069] A heat flow meter support rod 55 is installed on slider 13, such as... Figure 7a As shown, a heat flow meter sleeve 57 is fitted onto the heat flow meter support rod 55, as... Figure 7b A heat flow meter fixing plate 58 is welded to the side of the heat flow meter sleeve 57. A first heat flow meter 10 and a first thermocouple 11 are mounted on the heat flow meter fixing plate 58. An array of first thermocouples 11 is arranged on the left side of the center line of the outer panel 4, which together constitute the measurement module. Figure 6 As shown, the centerline position is measured by the first heat flow meter 10 and the first thermocouple 11 on the heat flow meter support rod, and thermocouple orifices are set on the outer panel 4 to form a thermocouple array.

[0070] In this embodiment, a method for measuring indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristic parameters under the influence of a silled window is applied to the above-mentioned measurement system and includes the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: If the simulated top-hung window has a fire impact on the single-unit combustion chamber 22, then adjust the window structure according to Step 2;

[0072] If the simulated awning window affects the fire of the single-unit combustion chamber 22, then the window structure should be adjusted according to step three.

[0073] If we simulate the fire impact of the under-hung window on the single-unit combustion chamber 22, then we should adjust the window structure according to step four.

[0074] Step 2: Move the rotating shaft 19 and place it in the uppermost groove of the slide rail 20. Fix the rotating shaft 19 with the fixing piece 48. After the retractable rod 2 is connected to the buckle 45, proceed to step 5.

[0075] Step 3: Move the rotating shaft 19 and place it in the middle slide rail groove of the slide rail 20. Fix the rotating shaft 19 with the fixing piece 48. After the retractable rod 2 is connected to the buckle, proceed to step 5.

[0076] Step 4: Move the rotating shaft 19 and place it in the bottom groove of the slide rail 20. Fix the rotating shaft 19 with the fixing piece 48. After connecting the retractable rod 2 to the fixing buckle, proceed to step 5.

[0077] Step 5: Control the walking motor 15 to rotate, thereby driving the retractable rod 2 to rotate to form different window canopy angles;

[0078] Step 6: If the temperature and heat flow of the exterior panel 4 are to be measured, the heat flow data of the exterior panel 4 and the exterior surface temperature are obtained using the first heat flow meter 10 and the first thermocouple 11.

[0079] If the internal temperature and heat flow of the single combustion chamber 22 are measured, the heat flow data below the single combustion chamber 22 and the internal equidistant temperature are obtained by using the second heat flow meter 40 and the second thermocouple 39.

[0080] Step 7: Measure the initial temperature inside the single-unit combustion chamber 22 and the initial temperature of the outer panel 4. ;

[0081] Step 8: Ignition Experiment

[0082] Step 8.1: Define and initialize the initial gas flow rate as α, the increment before flame overflow as α1, and the increment after flame overflow as α2; the target setting value is α3.

[0083] Step 8.2: Open fuel cylinder 29 and ignite the combustible gas;

[0084] Step 8.3: Adjust the flow meter to 30 to the gas flow rate α, and maintain this adjustment for a duration of Δ time.

[0085] Step 8.4: Determine if the flame overflows from the window. If it does, proceed to step 8.5; otherwise, proceed to step 8.6.

[0086] Step 8.5: After assigning α+α1 to α, if α=α3, the experiment ends; otherwise, return to step 8.3.

[0087] Step 8.6: After assigning α+α2 to α, if α=α3, the experiment ends; otherwise, return to step 8.3.

[0088] Step Nine: Process and analyze the collected heat flow and temperature data:

[0089] Step 9.1: Multiply the heat flow data collected by the first heat flow meter 10 and the second heat flow meter 40 at different locations by the corresponding conversion coefficient to obtain the heat flow density values ​​of the interior of the single combustion chamber 22 and the outer panel 4.

[0090] Step 9.2: Using the indoor temperature data collected by the second thermocouple 39 under the condition of the top-hung window, calculate the temperature rise in the combustion chamber. Then, using the indoor temperature data within the Δ time after the flame overflows, calculate the average indoor temperature. Subtract the initial temperature of the individual combustion chamber 22 from the average indoor temperature to obtain the temperature rise of the individual combustion chamber 22 under the ignition experiment. ;

[0091] Step 9.3: Obtain the simulated temperature rise value under the influence of a fire in a top-hung window according to equation (1). :

[0092] (1)

[0093] In equation (1), This indicates the area of ​​the mica sheet, which is 50 mm. This indicates the vertical height of the mica plate 50. This is the overall characterization coefficient for wall heat loss and convection and radiation heat loss at the opening. This refers to the total surface area of ​​the individual combustion chamber 22. Specific heat capacity at constant pressure;

[0094] Step 9.4: Normalize the vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow measured by the first thermocouple 11 to obtain the normalized vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow, T1= ,in, The initial temperature of exterior panel 4. The temperature of the exterior panel 4 and its initial temperature The difference, The dimensionless open-fire overflow convective heat release rate;

[0095] Step 9.5: Perform piecewise fitting on the normalized vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow to obtain a mathematical characterization of the vertical temperature distribution of the open flame overflow under the suspended window condition.

[0096] Step 9.6: Normalize the transverse temperature data of the open flame overflow measured by the first thermocouple 11 to obtain the normalized transverse temperature data of the open flame overflow to T2= ;

[0097] The dimensionless processing of the horizontal distance above the top-hung window yields the processed horizontal distance above the top-hung window. 1= ,in, This represents the location of the maximum lateral temperature at the same height. The effective thickness characteristic scale of open fire overflow under windless conditions;

[0098] T2 and 1. Fitting is performed, and the resulting fitted curve is used to characterize the change law of normalized transverse temperature rise with the increase of dimensionless transverse distance.

[0099] In this embodiment, an electronic device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a program that supports the processor in executing the above-described method, and the processor is configured to execute the program stored in the memory.

[0100] In this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which is executed by a processor to perform the steps of the above method.

Claims

1. A measurement system for indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristic parameters under the influence of awning windows, characterized in that, It is formed by splicing the upper movable facade system with the lower single combustion chamber (22) through the horizontal support plate (7); wherein, the horizontal support plate (7) is fixed at ninety degrees to the outer panel (4) of the upper movable facade system, and the surface of the outer panel (4) is on the same vertical plane as the outer edge of the horizontal support plate (7) and the opening of the single combustion chamber (22); The individual combustion chamber (22) has a cubic structure and is constructed by connecting the first steel plate (37). The inner lining (38) of the cubic structure is a high-temperature resistant aluminum silicate ceramic fiber board. A porous gas burner (33) is fixed on the outer top of the individual combustion chamber (22), and the bottom of the porous gas burner (33) is flush with the inner lining (38). The remaining inner surfaces of the individual combustion chamber (22) are equally spaced with second thermocouples (39) to form a thermocouple array. A second heat flow meter (40) is arranged on the bottom surface of the individual combustion chamber (22). The front of the single combustion chamber (22) is provided with an opening door frame (21). The opening door frame (21) is connected to the single combustion chamber (22) through a door frame pivot (34). Fixing lugs are welded on both sides of the opening door frame (21). The window structure is fixed to the single combustion chamber (22) by means of the cooperation between the bolts and the fixing lugs on both sides of the opening door frame (21). The window structure is spliced ​​from a first stainless steel plate (46) and a fireproof plate (47). A window opening is provided in the middle of the window structure. A pivot (19) is fixed to the upper edge of the window opening by a fixing piece (48). A mica plate (50) is connected to the middle position of the pivot (19). A glass plate or mica plate is adhered to the surface of the mica plate (50). Slide rails (20) are provided on both sides of the window opening. Slide rail grooves are provided at equal intervals on the slide rails (20). The pivot (19) is placed in different slide rail grooves to adjust the position of the mica plate (50) on the pivot (19) in the window opening. A buckle (45) is provided on the upper surface of the mica plate (50). The buckle (45) is connected to one end of the high-temperature resistant retractable rod (2). The other end of the high-temperature resistant retractable rod (2) is connected to the middle position of the support rod (1) in the movable facade system. The retraction of the retractable rod (2) is controlled by the walking motor (15) to form the adjustment function of the window angle adjustment device. The support rod (1) is supported by two vertical support rods, and a window adjustment system support frame (27) is provided below the vertical support rod. The horizontal support plate (7) is provided in the middle of the window adjustment system support frame (27). A walking motor (15) is installed on the edge of the horizontal support plate (7). The walking motor (15) is connected to a horizontal screw (14). The horizontal screw (14) passes through the slider (13) on the inner side of the outer panel (4) and is screwed and fixed to the slider (13). A roller (54) is installed below the outer panel (4). The roller (54) is fixed in the support groove on the side of the horizontal support plate (7). Through the cooperation of the horizontal screw (14) and the slider (13), the outer panel (4) moves horizontally in the support groove via the roller (54). A heat flow meter support rod (55) is provided on the slider (13), and a heat flow meter sleeve (57) is fitted on the heat flow meter support rod (55). A heat flow meter fixing plate (58) is welded to the side of the heat flow meter sleeve (57). A second thermocouple (39) and a second heat flow meter (40) are provided on the heat flow meter fixing plate (58). A first heat flow meter (10) is provided on the center line of the outer panel (4), and a first thermocouple (11) is provided on the left side. Together, they constitute a measurement module.

2. A method for measuring indoor and outdoor fire behavior characteristic parameters under the influence of awning windows, characterized in that, It is applied to the measurement system as described in claim 1, and includes the following steps: Step 1: If the simulated top-hung window has a fire impact on the single-unit combustion chamber (22), then the window structure should be adjusted according to Step 2; If the simulated awning window affects the fire of the single-unit combustion chamber (22), then the window structure should be adjusted according to step three; If the fire impact of the under-hung window on the single combustion chamber (22) is simulated, the window structure shall be adjusted in step four. Step 2: Move the rotating shaft (19) and place it in the uppermost groove of the slide rail (20). Fix the rotating shaft (19) with the fixing piece (48). After the retractable rod (2) is connected to the buckle (45), proceed to step 5. Step 3: Move the rotating shaft (19) and place it in the middle slide rail groove of the slide rail (20). Fix the rotating shaft (19) with the fixing piece (48). After the retractable rod is connected by the buckle, proceed to step 5. Step 4: Move the rotating shaft (19) and place it in the bottom groove of the slide rail (20). Fix the rotating shaft (19) with the fixing piece (48). After connecting the retractable rod to the fixing buckle, proceed to step 5. Step 5: Control the walking motor (15) to rotate, thereby driving the retractable rod (2) to rotate to form different window canopy angles; Step 6: If the temperature and heat flow of the exterior panel (4) are to be measured, the heat flow data of the panel (4) and the exterior temperature are obtained by using the first heat flow meter (10) and the first thermocouple (11); If the internal temperature and heat flow of the single combustion chamber (22) are measured, the heat flow data below the single combustion chamber (22) and the internal equidistant temperature are obtained by using the second heat flow meter (40) and the second thermocouple (39); Step 7: Measure the initial temperature inside the single combustion chamber (22) and the initial temperature of the outer panel (4). ; Step 8: Ignition Experiment Step 8.1: Define and initialize the initial gas flow rate as α, the increment before flame overflow as α1, and the increment after flame overflow as α2; the target setting value is α3. Step 8.2: Open the fuel cylinder (29) and ignite the combustible gas; Step 8.3: Adjust the flow meter (30) to the gas flow rate α and maintain it for Δ time; Step 8.4: Determine if the flame overflows from the window. If it does, proceed to step 8.5; otherwise, proceed to step 8.

6. Step 8.5: After assigning α+α1 to α, if α=α3, the experiment ends; otherwise, return to step 8.

3. Step 8.6: After assigning α+α2 to α, if α=α3, the experiment ends; otherwise, return to step 8.

3. Step Nine: Process and analyze the collected heat flow and temperature data: Step 9.1: Multiply the heat flow data collected by the first heat flow meter (10) and the second heat flow meter (40) at different locations by the corresponding conversion coefficient to obtain the heat flow density values ​​of the interior of the single combustion chamber (22) and the outer panel (4); Step 9.2: Using the indoor temperature data collected by the second thermocouple (39) under the condition of the top-hung window, calculate the temperature rise in the combustion chamber. Then, using the indoor temperature data within the Δ time after the flame overflows, calculate the average indoor temperature. Subtract the initial temperature of the individual combustion chamber (22) from the average indoor temperature to obtain the temperature rise of the individual combustion chamber (22) under the ignition experiment. ; Step 9.3: Obtain the simulated temperature rise value under the influence of a fire in a top-hung window according to equation (1). : (1) In equation (1), This represents the area of ​​the mica plate (50). This indicates the vertical height of the mica plate (50). This is the overall characterization coefficient for wall heat loss and convection and radiation heat loss at the opening. The total surface area of ​​the individual combustion chamber (22) Specific heat capacity at constant pressure; Step 9.4: Normalize the vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow measured by the first thermocouple (11) to obtain the normalized vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow, T1= ,in, The initial temperature of the exterior panel (4) The temperature of the exterior panel (4) and its initial temperature. The difference, The dimensionless open-fire overflow convective heat release rate; Step 9.5: Perform piecewise fitting on the vertical temperature data of the open flame overflow to obtain a mathematical characterization of the vertical temperature distribution of the open flame overflow under the suspended window condition; Step 9.6: Normalize the transverse temperature data of the open flame overflow measured by the first thermocouple (11) to obtain the normalized transverse temperature data of the open flame overflow to T2= ; The dimensionless processing of the horizontal distance above the top-hung window yields the processed horizontal distance above the top-hung window. 1= ,in, This represents the location of the maximum lateral temperature at the same height. The effective thickness characteristic scale of open fire overflow under windless conditions; T2 and 1. Fitting is performed, and the resulting fitted curve is used to characterize the change law of normalized transverse temperature rise with the increase of dimensionless transverse distance.

3. An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory is used to store a program that supports the processor in executing the measurement method of claim 2, the processor being configured to execute the program stored in the memory.

4. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by the processor to perform the steps of the measurement method of claim 2.

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