A wind well subframe expansion excavation construction process and excavation equipment

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of excavation equipment for wind well sub-divisional expansion excavation construction, in particular to an excavation equipment for wind well sub-divisional expansion excavation construction, comprising a connecting seat, a reinforcing plate mechanism arranged below the connecting seat, and a turning plate mechanism rotatably connected to one side of the connecting seat. The turning plate mechanism comprises a rotatable pipe rotatably connected to one side of the connecting seat, and an arc-shaped turning plate fixedly connected to the rotatable pipe. The reinforcing plate mechanism comprises two groups of reinforcing plate bodies, and each reinforcing plate body is movably connected to a pickaxe at the lower end. The pickaxe is given a reciprocating force in the vertical direction to continuously impact the rock stratum, thereby loosening and breaking the rock stratum. When it is necessary to remove the loosened and broken rocks on the rock stratum, the two groups of reinforcing plate bodies are driven to move away from each other, and the rotatable pipe is driven to rotate, so that the arc-shaped turning plate and the two groups of reinforcing plate bodies are combined to form a bucket. The bucket driven by the mechanical arm on the excavator can shovel away the loosened and broken rocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of excavation equipment for sectional expansion construction of ventilation shafts, specifically a sectional expansion construction process and excavation equipment for ventilation shafts. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, when the ventilation shaft is excavated using the full-face method, the upper soil layer is mainly excavated directly using the excavator bucket, with the advance controlled at the spacing of one grid. After entering the strongly weathered surrounding rock, the excavator bucket is replaced with a pneumatic pick to loosen and break the rock layer. Then, the loosened and broken rock is removed by the bucket. The excavation cycle advance is controlled at the spacing of one grid. After entering the shotcrete support section, loosening and breaking combined with smooth blasting is used for construction. Therefore, the pneumatic pick is an important excavation equipment in the entire ventilation shaft excavation process.

[0003] Publication No. CN217632429U discloses a highly stable pneumatic pick for engineering construction, belonging to the field of pneumatic pick technology. This highly stable pneumatic pick includes a pick body. In the above implementation process, when the height of the pick body needs to be adjusted according to the operator's height, the first limiting rod is pulled upwards, thereby causing the second limiting rod to move upwards and exit the first limiting groove. Then, the connecting rod can be rotated, thus adjusting the height of the connecting rod. When the connecting rod needs to be fixed, the first limiting rod is slid into the threaded rod, thereby causing the second limiting rod to move towards the connecting rod, allowing the second limiting rod to enter the first limiting groove, thus limiting the connecting rod and preventing rotation. The height of the pick body can be adjusted as needed, with minimal limitations, making it suitable for operators of different heights and convenient for use by operators of varying heights. In practical use, after the aforementioned pneumatic pick is installed on the excavator arm, the rock strata are mainly broken by the pick's chisel on the pick itself. Due to the thickness of the rock strata, the chisel can only break a portion of the rock strata at a time. If the rock strata are to be broken further down, the broken rock covering the rock strata needs to be cleared away. However, the existing pneumatic picks only have a single chisel, which cannot remove the broken rock. Therefore, the workers need to change the bucket. As a result, during the process of loosening and breaking the rock strata, it is necessary to repeatedly change the pneumatic pick and the bucket, which greatly affects the efficiency of loosening and breaking the rock strata. To address this, the present invention provides a ventilation shaft sectional expansion excavation construction process and excavation equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a ventilation shaft widening construction process according to this invention, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Construction preparation. For shaft excavation, a gantry crane will be used to transport materials and machinery. Exploratory trenches will be dug on-site to confirm the presence of underground pipelines. Pipelines that conflict with the shaft will be relocated. Pipelines that cannot be relocated in the short term will be protected in situ. The minimum requirement is that no pipelines should be present within the shaft excavation structure. After pipeline relocation is completed, the interlocking ring structure will be constructed.

[0007] Step 2: Measurement and layout. The location of the ventilation shaft excavation is measured and calculated using instruments, and the location is marked.

[0008] Step 3: Excavation of the lock section. The lock section is the upper part. The soil layer in this part is mainly excavated directly by excavator, and the advance is controlled according to the spacing of one grid.

[0009] Step 4: Concrete construction of the lock section. After the earthwork excavation is completed, install the ring grid in time and pour concrete.

[0010] Step 5: Shaft excavation. During the excavation process, the rock strata in the shaft section are loosened and broken using excavation equipment.

[0011] Step Six: Initial support of the shaft, installation of ring-shaped grid;

[0012] Step 7: Construction of internal support in the shaft. The internal support in the shaft is installed in the grid section. During the grid installation process, according to the dimensions in the drawings, support steel plates are pre-embedded at the corresponding positions of the arch frame, and reinforcement is welded at the main reinforcement positions of the corresponding support.

[0013] Step 8: Sealing the bottom of the ventilation shaft, excavating to the foundation of the shaft, setting up a sump and a temporary slag pit, laying mesh and spraying concrete, and sealing the bottom with a slab if necessary;

[0014] Step Nine: Equipment and Pipeline Layout.

[0015] For excavating rock formations in the well section, pneumatic picks are the preferred equipment. By replacing the bucket on the excavator with a pneumatic pick, the excavator's mechanical arm places the pneumatic pick on the rock formation, and the pneumatic pick loosens and breaks the rock formation.

[0016] Preferably, an excavation device for widening and expanding a ventilation shaft includes a connecting seat, a reinforcing plate mechanism below the connecting seat, and a flip-plate mechanism screwed onto one side of the connecting seat. The flip-plate mechanism includes a screw-connector pipe screwed onto one side of the connecting seat, and an arc-shaped flip-plate fixedly connected to the screw-connector pipe. The reinforcing plate mechanism includes two sets of reinforcing plate bodies slidably installed below the connecting seat. A pick is movably inserted into the lower end of the reinforcing plate body, and the pick is reciprocated to break the rock strata.

[0017] The pick is applied with a reciprocating force in the vertical direction, causing it to continuously strike the rock strata. This impact breaks the rock strata, thus loosening and fracturing them. When it is necessary to remove the loose and broken rock from the strata, the two sets of reinforcing plates are driven to move in opposite directions, separating the combined reinforcing plates. At the same time, the rotary pipe is driven to rotate, causing the arc-shaped flap to flip downwards. The arc-shaped flap combines with the two sets of reinforcing plates to form a bucket. The excavator's robotic arm drives this bucket to remove the loose and broken rock. Therefore, this device has two construction modes, which facilitates the excavation of rock strata and improves the efficiency of rock excavation.

[0018] Preferably, the reinforcing plate mechanism further includes: a first piston rod, an air passage built into the reinforcing plate body, the first piston rod slidably connected to the air passage, a receiving rod fixedly connected to the first piston rod, a second piston rod slidably connected to the air passage, a rectangular shaft fixedly connected to the second piston rod, and a spring sleeved on the rectangular shaft, with a pick fixedly connected to one end of the rectangular shaft.

[0019] A force is applied to the first piston rod to reciprocate up and down along the air passage. When the first piston rod presses down along the air passage, the air between the first and second piston rods is compressed. The compressed air pushes the second piston rod, along with the rectangular shaft, to slide outward along the air passage and compress the spring. The rectangular shaft pushes the pick to strike the rock layer. Then, when the first piston rod returns to its initial position upward along the air passage, the air pressure between the first and second piston rods returns to normal. Under the rebound force of the spring, the pick detaches from the rock layer. Therefore, the first piston rod moves up and down along the air passage, so that the pick continuously strikes the rock layer, thereby achieving the above-mentioned loosening and breaking of the rock layer.

[0020] Preferably, the reinforcement plate mechanism further includes: a crushing drive mechanism, which is used to drive the two sets of reinforcement plate bodies. The crushing drive mechanism includes: a slide rod, the slide rod is inserted into a receiving column, two sets of guide rails are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the slide rod, a connecting rod screwed into the middle of the slide rod, a pin fixed at the end of the connecting rod, a drive disc screwed into the pin, and a first pneumatic motor fixedly connected to the drive disc. The first pneumatic motor is fixed on the connecting seat. A guide hole is opened on the receiving column. The slide rod is slidably connected to the guide hole. Two sets of guide grooves are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the slide rod. The guide grooves are slidably connected to the guide rails. The guide rails are fixed on the inner wall of the connecting seat.

[0021] The first pneumatic motor rotates the drive disc, which drives the connecting rod via a pin. As the pin rotates off-center from the drive disc axis, the connecting rod drives the slide rod to move up and down along the guide rail. The slide rod drives the receiving column, which in turn drives the first piston rod to move up and down along the air passage, thus achieving the above-mentioned force applied to the first piston rod to move up and down along the air passage.

[0022] Preferably, an adjustment mechanism is provided inside the connecting seat. The adjustment mechanism includes: two sets of receiving frames, the receiving frames being fixedly connected to the upper end of the reinforcing plate body, threaded holes opened on the receiving frames, a double-threaded screw threaded to the threaded holes, a through hole opened on the receiving frames, a guide post slidingly connected to the through hole, and a second pneumatic motor connected to the double-threaded screw. The double-threaded screw is screwed into the connecting seat, and the guide post is fixed inside the connecting seat. The adjustment mechanism also includes: two sets of L-shaped drive rods, one end of the L-shaped drive rod being fixedly connected to the receiving frame, a guide groove being opened on the screw tube, and the other end of the L-shaped drive rod being slidably connected to the guide groove. The guide groove includes a spiral groove and a straight groove.

[0023] The second pneumatic motor rotates the double-threaded screw, which causes the receiving frame to move backward along the guide post. The two sets of receiving frames drive the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies to move backward, and at the same time, the two sets of receiving frames drive the two sets of L-shaped drive rods to move backward. The other end of the L-shaped drive rod first slides along the spiral groove. Under the guidance of the spiral groove, the other end of the L-shaped drive rod presses against the inner wall of the spiral groove, thereby causing the rotary pipe to rotate. This enables the rotary pipe to drive the arc-shaped flap to flip, and the arc-shaped flap and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies are combined to form a bucket.

[0024] Preferably, the flip-plate mechanism further includes: two sets of connecting frames, which are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the arc-shaped flip-plate. Rectangular holes are opened on the connecting frames, and a reinforcing block is provided on one side of the main body of the reinforcing plate. The reinforcing block is inserted into the rectangular hole, and the straight groove and the spiral groove are interconnected.

[0025] As the other end of the L-shaped drive rod continues to slide into the straight groove, the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies continue to move in opposite directions until the reinforcing block on one side of the reinforcing plate body is inserted into the rectangular hole on the connecting frame. Thus, the entire flipping mechanism is limited on the two sets of flipping mechanisms, making the bucket formed by the combination of the arc-shaped flipping plate and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies more stable.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. Applying a reciprocating force to the pick in the vertical direction causes it to continuously impact the rock layer. This impact breaks the rock layer, thus loosening and fracturing it. When it is necessary to remove the loosened and fractured rock, the two sets of reinforcing plates are driven to move in opposite directions, separating the combined reinforcing plates. Simultaneously, the rotary connector is driven to rotate, causing the arc-shaped flap to flip downwards until it fits against the two sets of reinforcing plates, forming a bucket. The excavator's robotic arm drives this bucket to scoop up the loosened and fractured rock, thus removing it from the rock layer. After the loosened and fractured rock is removed, the two sets of reinforcing plates are reassembled, and the arc-shaped flap is flipped back to its initial position. This device can then loosen and fracturize the rock layer again. Therefore, this device combines two construction modes, facilitating rock excavation and improving excavation efficiency.

[0028] 2. A force is applied to the first piston rod to reciprocate up and down along the air passage. When the first piston rod presses down along the air passage, the air between the first and second piston rods is compressed. The compressed air pushes the second piston rod, along with the rectangular shaft, to slide outward along the air passage and compress the spring. The rectangular shaft pushes the pick to strike the rock layer. Then, when the first piston rod returns to its initial position upward along the air passage, the air pressure between the first and second piston rods returns to normal. Under the rebound force of the spring, the pick detaches from the rock layer. Therefore, the first piston rod moves up and down along the air passage, allowing the pick to continuously strike the rock layer, thereby achieving the aforementioned loosening and breaking of the rock layer. Furthermore, because the second piston rod is pushed by compressed air to strike the rock layer, the compressed air between the first and second piston rods activates the buffer zone. Therefore, the vibration force generated by the impact cannot be transmitted from the second piston rod to the first piston rod, reducing the impact force on the components in the reinforcement plate mechanism and improving the service life of the components in the reinforcement plate mechanism.

[0029] 3. The second pneumatic motor rotates the double-threaded screw, causing the receiving frame to move backward along the guide post. The two sets of receiving frames also drive the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies to move backward. Simultaneously, the two sets of receiving frames drive the two sets of L-shaped drive rods to move backward. The other end of the L-shaped drive rod first slides along the spiral groove. Guided by the spiral groove, the other end of the L-shaped drive rod presses against the inner wall of the spiral groove, causing the rotary tube to rotate. This causes the rotary tube to drive the arc-shaped flap to flip until the other end of the L-shaped drive rod is offset from the spiral groove. At this point, the arc-shaped flap completely fits the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies, and the other end of the L-shaped drive rod enters the straight groove and continues to slide until the arc-shaped flap and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies combine to form a bucket. 4. As the other end of the L-shaped drive rod continues to slide into the straight groove, the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies continue to move in opposite directions until the reinforcing block on one side of the reinforcing plate body is inserted into the rectangular hole on the connecting frame. Thus, the entire flipping mechanism is limited on the two sets of flipping mechanisms, making the bucket formed by the combination of the arc-shaped flipping plate and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies more stable. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the reinforcing plate mechanism and the pick chisel of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the connecting seat, the reinforcing plate body, the pick, the flipping mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the flip-up mechanism, the reinforcing plate body, and the adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the rotary tube and the L-shaped drive rod of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped flap, connecting frame, reinforcing plate body, reinforcing block, receiving frame, and pick assembly of the present invention. In the diagram: 1. Connecting seat; 2. Flipping plate mechanism; 3. Reinforcing plate mechanism; 4. Pick; 5. Adjustment mechanism; 301. Reinforcing plate body; 302. Air passage; 303. First piston column; 304. Receiving column; 41. Guide hole; 305. Second piston column; 306. Spring; 307. Rectangular shaft; 308. Crushing drive mechanism; 309. Reinforcing block; 3081. Slide rod; 3082. Guide groove; 3083. Guide rail; 3084. Connecting rod. 3085, Pin; 3086, Drive disc; 3087, First pneumatic motor; 501, Support frame; 5011, Threaded hole; 5012, Through hole; 502, Double threaded screw; 503, Guide post; 504, Second pneumatic motor; 505, L-shaped drive rod; 201, Arc-shaped flap; 202, Connecting frame; 2021, Rectangular hole; 203, Rotary tube; 204, Guide groove; 2041, Spiral groove; 2042, Straight groove. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The ventilation shaft widening construction process described in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Construction preparation. For shaft excavation, a gantry crane will be used to transport materials and machinery. Exploratory trenches will be dug on-site to confirm the presence of underground pipelines. Pipelines that conflict with the shaft will be relocated. Pipelines that cannot be relocated in the short term will be protected in situ. The minimum requirement is that no pipelines should be present within the shaft excavation structure. After pipeline relocation is completed, the interlocking ring structure will be constructed.

[0042] Step 2: Measurement and layout. The location of the ventilation shaft excavation is measured and calculated using instruments, and the location is marked.

[0043] Step 3: Excavation of the lock section. The lock section is the upper part. The soil layer in this part is mainly excavated directly by excavator, and the advance is controlled according to the spacing of one grid.

[0044] Step 4: Concrete construction of the lock section. After the earthwork excavation is completed, install the ring grid in time and pour concrete.

[0045] Step 5: Shaft excavation. During the excavation process, the rock strata in the shaft section are loosened and broken using excavation equipment.

[0046] Step Six: Initial support of the shaft, installation of ring-shaped grid;

[0047] Step 7: Construction of internal support in the shaft. The internal support in the shaft is installed in the grid section. During the grid installation process, according to the dimensions in the drawings, support steel plates are pre-embedded at the corresponding positions of the arch frame, and reinforcement is welded at the main reinforcement positions of the corresponding support.

[0048] Step 8: Sealing the bottom of the ventilation shaft, excavating to the foundation of the shaft, setting up a sump and a temporary slag pit, laying mesh and spraying concrete, and sealing the bottom with a slab if necessary;

[0049] Step Nine: Equipment and Pipeline Layout.

[0050] Specifically, the preferred equipment for excavating the rock strata in the well section is the pneumatic pick. By replacing the bucket on the excavator with a pneumatic pick, the excavator's mechanical arm places the pneumatic pick on the rock strata, and the pneumatic pick loosens and breaks the rock strata.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an excavation device for sectional widening construction of a ventilation shaft is applicable to the aforementioned sectional widening construction process of a ventilation shaft. The device includes a connecting seat 1, a reinforcing plate mechanism 3 below the connecting seat 1, and a flipping plate mechanism 2 screwed onto one side of the connecting seat 1. The flipping plate mechanism 2 includes a screw-in pipe 203 screwed onto one side of the connecting seat 1, and an arc-shaped flipping plate 201 fixedly connected to the screw-in pipe 203. The reinforcing plate mechanism 3 includes two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 slidably installed below the connecting seat 1. A pick 4 is movably inserted into the lower end of each reinforcing plate body 301, and the pick 4 is reciprocally driven to break the rock strata.

[0053] Specifically, the connecting seat 1 is installed on the excavator's robotic arm. In the initial state, the two reinforcing plate bodies 301 are close together, and the two picks 4 are combined into one unit. The arc-shaped flap 201 is located above the back of the pick 4. When it is necessary to loosen and break the rock layer, the excavator's robotic arm moves the device to the position of the rock layer, so that the pick 4 is above the rock layer, and there is an impact distance between the pick 4 and the rock layer. Then, a vertical force is applied to the pick 4, causing the pick 4 to continuously impact the rock layer. The impact of the pick 4 will break the rock layer, thereby loosening and breaking the rock layer. When it is necessary to remove the loosened and broken rock from the rock layer, the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 are driven to move in opposite directions, so that the combined reinforcing plate bodies 301 are separated, and the rotating connector is driven. When pipe 203 rotates, the rotating pipe 203 drives the arc-shaped flap 201 to flip downwards until the arc-shaped flap 201 is in contact with the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301, so that the arc-shaped flap 201 and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 combine to form a bucket. The mechanical arm on the excavator drives the bucket to scoop away the loose and broken rocks, thereby clearing the loose and broken rocks from the rock layer. During the loosening and breaking process, the arc-shaped flap 201 on the back of the pick 4 does not contact the rock layer. After the loose and broken rocks on the rock layer are cleared away, the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 are merged again, and the arc-shaped flap 201 is flipped back to the initial position. This device can loosen and break the rock layer again. Therefore, this device has two construction modes, which facilitates the excavation of the rock layer and improves the excavation efficiency of the rock layer.

[0054] like Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the reinforcing plate mechanism 3 also includes: a first piston column 303, an air passage 302 built into the reinforcing plate body 301, the first piston column 303 slidably connected to the air passage 302, a receiving column 304 fixedly connected to the first piston column 303, a second piston column 305 slidably connected to the air passage 302, a rectangular shaft 307 fixedly connected to the second piston column 305, and a spring 306 sleeved on the rectangular shaft 307, with a pickaxe 4 fixedly connected to one end of the rectangular shaft 307.

[0055] Specifically, the first piston rod 303 and the second piston rod 305 are covered with a rubber layer. This rubber layer seals the space between the first piston rod 303 and the second piston rod 305 and the inner wall of the air passage 302. During the vertical reciprocating force applied to the pick 4, the first piston rod 303 is first applied a force along the air passage 302. When the first piston rod 303 presses down along the air passage 302, the air between the first piston rod 303 and the second piston rod 305 is compressed. This compressed air pushes the second piston rod 305, along with the rectangular shaft 307, to slide outwards along the air passage 302, compressing the spring 306. The rectangular shaft 307 then pushes the pick 4 to strike the rock layer. Finally, the first piston rod 303 moves along the air passage 302... When the first piston rod 303 returns to its initial position, the air pressure between the first piston rod 303 and the second piston rod 305 returns to normal. Under the rebound force of the spring 306, the pick 4 is disengaged from the rock layer. As a result, the first piston rod 303 moves up and down along the air passage 302, so that the pick 4 continuously hits the rock layer, thereby achieving the above-mentioned loosening and breaking of the rock layer. Secondly, since the second piston rod 305 is pushed by compressed air to make the pick 4 hit the rock layer, the compressed air between the first piston rod 303 and the second piston rod 305 activates the buffer zone. Therefore, the vibration force generated by the impact cannot be transmitted to the first piston rod 303 through the second piston rod 305, reducing the impact force on the components in the reinforcing plate mechanism 3 and improving the service life of the components in the reinforcing plate mechanism 3.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the reinforcing plate mechanism 3 further includes: a crushing drive mechanism 308, which is used to drive the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301. The crushing drive mechanism 308 includes: a slide rod 3081, which is inserted into a receiving column 304; two sets of guide rails 3083 symmetrically distributed at both ends of the slide rod 3081; a connecting rod 3084 screwed into the middle of the slide rod 3081; a pin 3085 fixed to the end of the connecting rod 3084; a drive disc 3086 screwed into the pin 3085; and a first pneumatic motor 3087 fixedly connected to the drive disc 3086. The first pneumatic motor 3087 is fixed on the connecting seat 1. A guide hole 41 is opened on the receiving column 304. The slide rod 3081 is slidably connected to the guide hole 41. Two sets of guide grooves 3082 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the slide rod 3081. The guide grooves 3082 are slidably connected to the guide rails 3083. The guide rails 3083 are fixed on the inner wall of the connecting seat 1.

[0057] Specifically, the first pneumatic motor 3087 (reference model GAST-4AM) drives the drive disc 3086 to rotate. During the reciprocating movement of the first piston rod 303 along the air passage 302, the drive disc 3086 rotates due to the first pneumatic motor 3087. The rotating drive disc 3086 drives the connecting rod 3084 through the pin 3085. Since the pin 3085 rotates off-center from the axis of the drive disc 3086, the connecting rod 3084 drives the slide rod 3081 to move up and down along the guide rail 3083. The slide rod 3081 drives the receiving column 304, which in turn drives the first piston rod 303 to move up and down along the air passage 302, thereby achieving the aforementioned force applied to the first piston rod 303 to move up and down along the air passage 302.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown in the comparative embodiment one, another embodiment of the present invention is as follows: an adjustment mechanism 5 is provided in the connecting seat 1. The adjustment mechanism 5 includes: two sets of support frames 501, the support frames 501 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the reinforcing plate body 301, threaded holes 5011 are opened on the support frames 501, double threaded screws 502 are screwed to the threaded holes 5011, through holes 5012 are opened on the support frames 501, guide posts 503 are slidably connected to the through holes 5012, and a connecting double threaded screw 502 is provided. The second pneumatic motor 504 of the threaded screw 502 is screwed into the connecting seat 1. The guide post 503 is fixed inside the connecting seat 1. The adjustment mechanism 5 also includes: two sets of L-shaped drive rods 505. One end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 is fixedly connected to the receiving frame 501. The screw tube 203 has a guide groove 204. The other end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 is slidably connected to the guide groove 204. The guide groove 204 includes a spiral groove 2041 and a straight groove 2042.

[0060] Specifically, the second pneumatic motor 504 has the same structural principle as the first pneumatic motor 3087. The second pneumatic motor 504 is used to drive the double threaded screw 502 to rotate. The threaded holes 5011 on the two sets of support brackets 501 rotate in opposite directions. During the process of driving the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 to move in opposite directions and simultaneously driving the rotating pipe 203 to rotate, the second pneumatic motor 504 first causes the double threaded screw 502 to rotate. The rotating double threaded screw 502 causes the support bracket 501 to move in opposite directions along the guide post 503. The two sets of support brackets 501 drive the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 to move in opposite directions. At the same time, the two sets of support brackets 501 drive the two sets of L-shaped drives. The moving rod 505 moves in the opposite direction. The other end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 first slides along the spiral groove 2041. Under the guidance of the spiral groove 2041, the other end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 presses against the inner wall of the spiral groove 2041, thereby causing the rotary pipe 203 to rotate. This causes the rotary pipe 203 to drive the arc-shaped flap 201 to flip until the other end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 is offset from the spiral groove 2041. At this time, the arc-shaped flap 201 is completely in contact with the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301. The other end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 enters the straight groove 2042 and continues to slide until the arc-shaped flap 201 and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 are combined to form a bucket.

[0061] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the flip plate mechanism 2 also includes: two sets of connecting frames 202, which are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the arc-shaped flip plate 201. Rectangular holes 2021 are opened on the connecting frames 202. A reinforcing block 309 is provided on one side of the reinforcing plate body 301. The reinforcing block 309 is inserted into the rectangular hole 2021. The straight groove 2042 and the spiral groove 2041 are interconnected.

[0062] Specifically, the arc-shaped flap 201 is fitted with the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 to form a bucket. If there is no limiting between the reinforcing plate body 301 and the arc-shaped flap 201, when the bucket is digging rocks, the arc-shaped flap 201 is subjected to the force of the rocks, which is all applied to the L-shaped drive rod 505. This can easily cause the straight groove 2042 to be squeezed and broken by the L-shaped drive rod 505, making the bucket unstable. As the other end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 continues to slide into the straight groove 2042, the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 continue to move in opposite directions until the reinforcing block 309 on one side of the reinforcing plate body 301 is inserted into the rectangular hole 2021 on the connecting frame 202. Thus, the entire flap mechanism 2 is limited on the two sets of flap mechanisms 2, making the bucket formed by the combination of the arc-shaped flap 201 and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 more stable.

[0063] Working principle: The first pneumatic motor 3087 drives the drive disc 3086 to rotate. As the first piston rod 303 moves up and down along the air passage 302, the first pneumatic motor 3087 causes the drive disc 3086 to rotate. The rotating drive disc 3086 drives the connecting rod 3084 via the pin 3085. Because the pin 3085 rotates off-center from the axis of the drive disc 3086, the connecting rod 3084 drives the slide rod 3081 to move up and down along the guide rail 3083. The slide rod 3081 then drives the receiving column 304, which in turn drives the first piston rod 303 to move along the air passage. As piston 302 moves up and down, the first piston rod 303 presses down along the air passage 302, compressing the air between the first piston rod 303 and the second piston rod 305. This compressed air pushes the second piston rod 305, along with the rectangular shaft 307, outwards along the air passage 302, compressing the spring 306. The rectangular shaft 307 then pushes the pick 4 to strike the rock layer. When the first piston rod 303 returns to its initial position upwards along the air passage 302, the air pressure between the first piston rod 303 and the second piston rod 305 returns to normal. Under the rebound force of the spring 306, the pick 4 disengages. The rock strata cause the first piston rod 303 to move up and down along the air passage 302, allowing the pick 4 to continuously strike the rock strata. When it is necessary to remove loose and broken rocks from the rock strata, the second pneumatic motor 504 rotates the double threaded screw 502. The rotating double threaded screw 502 causes the receiving frame 501 to move away from the guide post 503. The two sets of receiving frames 501 drive the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 to move away from each other. At the same time, the two sets of receiving frames 501 drive the two sets of L-shaped drive rods 505 to move away from each other. The other end of the L-shaped drive rod 505 first slides along the spiral groove 2041, and then... Guided by groove 2041, the other end of L-shaped drive rod 505 presses against the inner wall of spiral groove 2041, causing spin tube 203 to rotate. This causes spin tube 203 to drive arc-shaped flap 201 to flip until the other end of L-shaped drive rod 505 is offset from spiral groove 2041. At this point, arc-shaped flap 201 is completely in contact with the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301. The other end of L-shaped drive rod 505 enters straight groove 2042 and continues to slide until the arc-shaped flap 201 and the two sets of reinforcing plate bodies 301 combine to form a bucket. The excavator's robotic arm drives this bucket to remove loose and broken rocks. The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wind shaft framed cut-and-cover construction process, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construction preparation. The gantry crane is used to transport materials and machinery for the shaft excavation. The site is excavated to check the underground pipeline situation. Pipelines that conflict with the shaft are relocated. Pipelines that cannot be relocated in the short term are protected in place. At the very least, there should be no pipelines inside the shaft excavation structure. After the pipeline relocation is completed, the locking ring structure is constructed. Step 2: Measurement and layout. The location of the ventilation shaft excavation is measured and calculated using instruments, and the location is marked. Step 3: Excavation of the lock section. The lock section is the upper part. This soil layer is excavated using an excavator, with the advance controlled according to the spacing of one grid frame. Step 4: Concrete construction of the lock section. After the earthwork excavation is completed, install the ring grid and pour concrete. Step 5: Shaft excavation. During the excavation process, the rock strata in the shaft section are loosened and broken using excavation equipment. Step Six: Initial support of the shaft, installation of ring-shaped grid; Step 7: Construction of internal support in the shaft. The internal support in the shaft is installed in the grid section. During the grid installation process, according to the dimensions in the drawings, support steel plates are pre-embedded at the corresponding positions of the arch frame, and reinforcement is welded at the main reinforcement positions of the corresponding support. Step 8: Sealing the bottom of the ventilation shaft, excavating to the foundation of the shaft, setting up a water collection pit and a temporary slag pit, laying netting and spraying concrete, and sealing with a bottom slab; Step Nine: Equipment and Pipeline Layout; The excavation equipment is suitable for the construction process of widening and expanding ventilation shafts, including a connecting seat (1), and a reinforcing plate mechanism (3) is provided below the connecting seat (1). The characteristic is that a flip plate mechanism (2) is screwed onto one side of the connecting seat (1). The flip-plate mechanism (2) includes: A screw-in connector (203) is screwed onto one side of the connector (1); as well as, An arc-shaped flap (201) is fixedly connected to the rotary tube (203); The reinforcing plate mechanism (3) includes: Two sets of reinforcing plate bodies (301) are slidably installed below the connecting seat (1). A pick (4) is movably inserted into the lower end of the reinforcing plate body (301), and the pick (4) is reciprocally driven to break the rock layer. The reinforcing plate mechanism (3) also includes: The first piston column (303) has an internal air passage (302) in the main body of the reinforcing plate (301), and the first piston column (303) is slidably connected to the air passage (302). The receiving column (304) is fixedly connected to the first piston column (303). The second piston rod (305) is slidably connected to the air passage (302); A rectangular shaft (307) is fixedly connected to the second piston column (305); as well as, A spring (306) is sleeved on the rectangular shaft (307), and one end of the rectangular shaft (307) is fixedly connected to the pick (4).

2. The ventilation shaft widening construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing plate mechanism (3) also includes: Crushing drive mechanism (308), which is used to drive two sets of reinforcing plate bodies (301); The crushing drive mechanism (308) includes: Slide rod (3081), which is inserted into the receiving post (304); Two sets of guide rails (3083) are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the slide bar (3081); A connecting rod (3084) screwed into the middle of the slide rod (3081); Pin (3085) fixed to the end of the connecting rod (3084); Drive disk (3086) screwed onto the pin (3085); as well as, A first pneumatic motor (3087) is fixedly connected to the drive disk (3086), and the first pneumatic motor (3087) is fixed on the connecting seat (1).

3. The ventilation shaft widening construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The receiving column (304) has a guide hole (41), the slide rod (3081) is slidably connected to the guide hole (41), two sets of guide grooves (3082) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the slide rod (3081), the guide grooves (3082) are slidably connected to the guide rail (3083), and the guide rail (3083) is fixed on the inner wall of the connecting seat (1).

4. The ventilation shaft widening construction process according to claim 3, characterized in that: An adjustment mechanism (5) is provided inside the connecting seat (1), and the adjustment mechanism (5) includes: Two sets of support frames (501) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the reinforcing plate body (301); A threaded hole (5011) is provided on the receiving frame (501). A double-threaded lead screw (502) is screwed into the threaded hole (5011). A through hole (5012) is formed on the receiving frame (501); The guide post (503) is slidably connected to the through hole (5012); as well as, A second pneumatic motor (504) is connected to the double-threaded lead screw (502).

5. The ventilation shaft widening construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The double-threaded lead screw (502) is screwed into the connecting seat (1), and the guide post (503) is fixed inside the connecting seat (1).

6. The ventilation shaft widening construction process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The regulating mechanism (5) also includes: Two sets of L-shaped drive rods (505), one end of which is fixedly connected to the support frame (501); A guide groove (204) is provided on the rotary tube (203), and the other end of the L-shaped drive rod (505) is slidably connected to the guide groove (204).

7. The ventilation shaft widening construction process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flip-up mechanism (2) also includes: Two sets of connecting frames (202) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the arc-shaped flap (201). Rectangular holes (2021) are opened on the connecting frames (202). A reinforcing block (309) is provided on one side of the main body of the reinforcing plate (301). The reinforcing block (309) is inserted into the rectangular hole (2021).

8. The ventilation shaft widening construction process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The guide groove (204) includes a spiral groove (2041) and a straight groove (2042), and the straight groove (2042) and the spiral groove (2041) are interconnected.

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