Agricultural field plough and harrow precision combined operation complete machine structure and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of farm plough precision combined operation complete machine structure and method, structure includes turnover plough, rake pressure traction frame, rake pressure frame, soil breaker, level and soil consolidation device and packer, turnover plough is hung on tractor;Rake pressure traction frame is fixed in the end of beam of turnover plough;Rake pressure frame is hung on rake pressure traction frame;Soil breaker is installed on the share plough wing of turnover plough;Level and soil consolidation device are installed on rake pressure frame;Packer is installed on rake pressure frame by connecting frame, and soil breaker, level and soil consolidation device and packer are sequentially arranged from front to back along the share plough wing side of turnover plough back.The application can prevent soil consolidation, improve soil fineness and flatness, store water and conserve soil, provide high-quality soil conditions for grain and cotton planting, realize combined operation to reduce operation frequency, improve tillage efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of farmland ploughing and cultivating technology, and more particularly to a farmland ploughing and cultivating integrated structure and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the farmland ploughing and cultivating operation mode mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, using a hydraulic turnover plough to plough the farmland soil, and then using a combined land leveler to level the soil.

[0003] However, the existing farmland ploughing and cultivating operation cannot effectively integrate the characteristics of the share plough, so that the furrow after ploughing cannot be effectively leveled at one time, and the land leveler needs to be operated in different directions in multiple processes, i.e., S harrow, diagonal harrow, longitudinal harrow and transverse harrow, so as to level the ploughed soil, which causes the ploughed soil to be rolled by the tractor multiple times, and energy is wasted. In addition, especially for the region using spring ploughing operation, firstly, due to the tight farming time, the ploughing and land leveling processes cannot be efficiently connected, the ploughed soil cannot be timely leveled, the capillary action of the ploughed soil cannot be effectively protected and restored, and the soil run-off is serious after ploughing; secondly, the surface soil evaporates and dissipates quickly during the ploughing and cultivating process, causing soil consolidation and the subsequent land leveling process cannot break the soil clumps; thirdly, the ploughed soil has large differences in bulk density and porosity spatial distribution, and the surface is uneven, which causes the seedbed to sink and collapse to different degrees after dripping.

[0004] Therefore, it is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to provide an efficient farmland ploughing and cultivating integrated structure and method. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a farmland ploughing and cultivating integrated structure and method, which can prevent soil consolidation, improve soil fineness and flatness, store water and protect soil, provide high-quality soil conditions for grain and cotton planting, realize integrated operation to reduce the number of operations, improve the efficiency of cultivation, and reduce energy consumption.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A farmland ploughing and cultivating integrated structure, comprising a turnover plough, a harrow pressure traction frame, a harrow pressure machine frame, a soil breaker, a leveling and soil consolidation device, and a roller, wherein the turnover plough is suspended on a tractor; the harrow pressure traction frame is fixed to the end of the main frame of the turnover plough; the harrow pressure machine frame is connected to the harrow pressure traction frame; the soil breaker is installed on the share plough blade of the turnover plough; the leveling and soil consolidation device is installed on the harrow pressure machine frame; the roller is installed on the harrow pressure machine frame through a connecting frame, and the soil breaker, the leveling and soil consolidation device, and the roller are arranged in sequence from front to back along the side of the share plough blade of the turnover plough.

[0008] Further, the soil breaker, the soil leveler and the soil roller are single structures, and the working width E of the single structure is (1+k)*(S1-a)=(1+k)*[f(a,b,c)-a], wherein k is the soil bulk density after ploughing, S1 is the furthest throwing position of the soil pad in the transverse direction, a is the plough width, b is the plough depth, and c is the plough speed.

[0009] Further, the soil breaker comprises a connecting beam, a plurality of soil cutting discs and a plurality of soil loosening teeth, the connecting beam is installed on the share plough blade of the turnover plough, the plurality of interval-distributed soil cutting discs are respectively installed on the connecting beam through soil cutting disc connecting rods, and the plurality of interval-distributed soil loosening teeth are respectively installed on the connecting beam, and the soil cutting discs and the soil loosening teeth are alternately distributed.

[0010] Further, the soil leveler comprises a soil leveling shaft and a plurality of soil cutting and leveling rings, the soil leveling shaft is installed on the harrow roller frame, the plurality of soil cutting and leveling rings are installed on the soil leveling shaft and are interval-distributed, and each soil cutting and leveling ring has an angle of 5-20° with the working direction.

[0011] Further, the soil leveler comprises a soil leveling shaft, a plurality of soil leveling discs and a plurality of soil leveling rollers, the soil leveling shaft is installed on the harrow roller frame, the plurality of soil leveling discs are installed on the soil leveling shaft and are interval-distributed, each soil leveling disc has a plurality of soil leakage holes, the plurality of soil leveling rollers are fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the soil leveling disc and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of soil leveling rollers are spirally distributed, so that the central angle of the two ends of each soil leveling roller is 10-15°.

[0012] Further, the flat soil blending device comprises a first soil cutting and blending ring, a second soil cutting and blending ring, a third soil cutting and blending ring, a fourth soil cutting and blending ring, two flat soil blending shafts, a plurality of first soil pressing rollers, a plurality of second soil pressing rollers, and a plurality of third soil pressing rollers. The first soil cutting and blending ring, the second soil cutting and blending ring, the third soil cutting and blending ring, and the fourth soil cutting and blending ring are sequentially and evenly arranged from left to right. The first soil cutting and blending ring and the fourth soil cutting and blending ring are the same in structure, and are respectively installed on the harrow pressing frame through the flat soil blending shafts. The second soil cutting and blending ring and the third soil cutting and blending ring are the same in structure and are both hollow. The first soil cutting and blending ring and the second soil cutting and blending ring are connected through a plurality of first soil pressing rollers which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The second soil cutting and blending ring and the third soil cutting and blending ring are connected through a plurality of second soil pressing rollers which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The third soil cutting and blending ring and the fourth soil cutting and blending ring are connected through a plurality of third soil pressing rollers which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The plurality of first soil pressing rollers, the plurality of second soil pressing rollers, and the plurality of third soil pressing rollers are arranged in a spiral shape, so that the phase angle difference between the adjacent first soil pressing rollers and the second soil pressing rollers, and the phase angle difference between the adjacent second soil pressing rollers and the third soil pressing rollers are 25-35°.

[0013] Further, the roller is installed on the connecting frame through a single bidirectional profiling mechanism. The single bidirectional profiling mechanism comprises two transverse sliding rails, two sliding rods, two transverse limiting springs, two profiling connecting rods, and two longitudinal springs. The two transverse sliding rails are respectively and symmetrically fixed on the two sides of the connecting frame. The two sliding rods are respectively and fittingly installed in the two transverse sliding rails. Each transverse limiting spring is installed between the sliding rod and the connecting frame in the horizontal direction. The two profiling connecting rods are symmetrically distributed. One end of each profiling connecting rod is connected with the sliding rod, and the other end is connected with the rotating shaft of the roller. Each longitudinal spring is installed between the profiling connecting rod and the connecting frame in the vertical direction.

[0014] Further, the harrow frame comprises a frame body, two traction mechanisms located at the front and rear sides of the frame body, and a traction connecting rod, and the soil consolidation device is mounted on the frame body; each of the traction mechanisms comprises a rotating shaft seat, a first traction rod rotating shaft, a rear spring seat, a first traction rod, a front spring seat, and a connecting rod shaft, the rotating shaft seat is fixed on the crossbeam of the frame body, the first traction rod rotating shaft is installed in the rotating shaft seat through a bearing, the rear spring seat is fixed on the first traction rod rotating shaft, the first traction rod is hinged on the rear spring seat, a first hook is fixed on the extension end of the first traction rod, the front spring seat is mounted on the first traction rod, a spring is installed between the rear spring seat and the front spring seat, and the two connecting rod shafts are connected through the traction connecting rod.

[0015] Further, the harrow frame comprises a second traction rod, a connecting rod, a connecting piece, a second hook, and an oil cylinder, one end of the second traction rod is fixed on the end of the beam of the turnover plow, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the other end of the second traction rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the connecting piece, one end of the second hook is hinged with the connecting piece, the other end of the second hook is hung with the first hook, one end of the oil cylinder is hinged on the second traction rod, and the other end of the oil cylinder is hinged on the connecting piece.

[0016] A method for precise combined operation of a field plow, which is performed by using the whole machine structure for precise combined operation of a field plow as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0017] 1) measuring the soil parameters of uncultivated farmland: I determining the firmness of uncultivated soil at different depths, II measuring the moisture content of the ploughed layer, III measuring the structure parameters of the plow body of the turnover plow: the soil entering angle, the plow share length, and the total height of the plow body, and IV measuring the working parameters of the plow body: the plowing width, the plowing depth, and the plowing speed;

[0018] 2) measuring the soil state parameters after the single-share plow is plowed: I measuring the profile lines of the soil furrow and the plow furrow, determining the profile data of the plow furrow by using a ploughed layer profile plotter, drawing the profile graph of the soil furrow and the plow furrow, and obtaining the value S1 of the transverse farthest throwing position of the soil pad, and II measuring the distribution of the soil firmness P, measuring the firmness of the soil at different depths in the transverse direction of the plowing width at intervals of 5 cm, and drawing the gradient distribution graph of the isobaric line of the soil firmness of the ploughed layer section;

[0019] 3) calculating the soil bulkiness k after plowing:

[0020]

[0021] wherein A is the volume of uncultivated soil, and B is the volume of the corresponding soil after plowing;

[0022] 4) Establish a three-factor model, after determining the soil conditions and plow body structure parameters, with the plowing width, plowing depth, plowing speed as factors, with the furthest throwing position of the soil pad transversely as the target, polynomial fitting is carried out, and the relationship model of the furthest throwing position S1 of the soil pad transversely and the plowing width, plowing depth, plowing speed is established, S1=f(a, b, c), wherein a is the plowing width, b is the plowing depth, and c is the plowing speed.

[0023] Therefore, the present application provides a farmland plow and harrow precise combined operation whole machine structure and method, compared with the prior art, has beneficial effects:

[0024] Combined with the characteristics of farmland soil, straw stubble distribution and plow body of plow, according to the spatial distribution of soil bulk density after plowing, precise plowing, soil consolidation, leveling and compacting operation can be carried out, and plow and harrow operation can be completed only by one process, creating high-standard and fine seedbed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the provided drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of the overall structure of a farmland plow and harrow precise combined operation whole machine structure provided by the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of the structure of a soil breaker provided by the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of the structure of a leveling and soil consolidation device provided by the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of the structure of another form of leveling and soil consolidation device provided by the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of the structure of a single two-way profiling mechanism provided by the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of the structure of a harrow press frame provided by the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 The accompanying drawings are Figure 6 schematic diagrams of the structure of the A part in the middle;

[0033] Figure 8 The accompanying drawings are Figure 1 schematic diagrams of the structure of the A part in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] As shown in the drawings, Figures 1-8 The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of precision combined operation complete machine structure of farmland plough, including turnover plough 1, rake pressure traction frame 2, rake pressure frame 3, soil breaker 4, flat soil combination device 5 and packer 6, turnover plough 1 is hung on tractor;Rake pressure traction frame 2 is fixed in the end of beam of turnover plough 1;Rake pressure frame 3 is hung in rake pressure traction frame 2;Soil breaker 4 is installed on the share plough wing of turnover plough 1;Flat soil combination device 5 is installed on rake pressure frame 3;Packer 6 is installed on rake pressure frame 3 by connecting frame 7, and soil breaker 4, flat soil combination device 5 and packer 6 are arranged in order from front to back along the side of the share plough wing of turnover plough 1, and they are opposite the position of soil after ploughing.The present application can realize precision ploughing, soil combination, flatness and compaction operation, and ploughing and raking operation can be completed in only one process.

[0036] Specifically, soil breaker 4, flat soil combination device 5 and packer 6 are all single body structure, and the working width E of single body structure is (1+k)*(S1-a)=(1+k)*[f(a,b,c)-a], wherein k is the soil porosity after ploughing, S1 is the most far throwing position of soil pad in transverse direction, a is plough width, b is plough depth, and c is plough speed.

[0037] Specifically, soil breaker 4 includes connecting beam 41, a plurality of soil cutting discs 42 and a plurality of soil loosening teeth 43, connecting beam 41 is installed on the share plough wing of turnover plough 1;A plurality of interval distributed soil cutting discs 42 are respectively installed on connecting beam 41 through soil cutting disc connecting rod 44;A plurality of interval distributed soil loosening teeth 43 are respectively installed on connecting beam 41, and soil cutting disc 42 and soil loosening tooth 43 are alternately distributed, and during work, soil loosening tooth 43 loosens soil after ploughing, and soil cutting disc 42 cuts large soil block, so as to improve soil breaking rate.

[0038] Specifically, flat soil combination device 5 has three structures:

[0039] The first kind is used for hard soil and more soil in farmland: including a flat soil consolidation shaft and a plurality of soil consolidation cutting rings, the flat soil consolidation shaft is installed on the harrow frame 3; a plurality of soil consolidation cutting rings are installed on the flat soil consolidation shaft and are distributed at intervals, and each soil consolidation cutting ring is at an angle of 5-20° with the working direction; a plurality of ribs are fixed in each soil consolidation cutting ring and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and gaps are formed between the ribs; during operation, the soil consolidation cutting rings cut the soil into smaller pieces, and due to the existence of the soil consolidation groove, the amount of soil between the soil consolidation cutting rings is not the same, and under the action of the working angle of the soil consolidation cutting ring and the rib gap, the soil with more amount between the two soil consolidation cutting rings is transported to the soil consolidation cutting ring with less amount through the rib gap, so as to achieve the effect of soil consolidation;

[0040] The second kind is used for loose soil and good flowability in farmland: including a flat soil consolidation shaft 51, a plurality of soil consolidation discs 52 and a plurality of soil consolidation rollers 53, the flat soil consolidation shaft 51 is installed on the harrow frame 3; a plurality of soil consolidation discs 52 are installed on the flat soil consolidation shaft 51 and are distributed at intervals; each soil consolidation disc 52 has a plurality of soil leakage holes 521; a plurality of soil consolidation rollers 53 are fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the soil consolidation disc 52 and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of soil consolidation rollers 53 are spirally distributed, so that the central angle of the two ends of each soil consolidation roller 53 is 10-15°, so as to play the role of soil crushing and pressing, and also transport the soil to the soil consolidation groove through the soil consolidation roller 53, so as to fill the soil consolidation groove;

[0041] The third structure is used for the farmland soil with large furrow and hard soil, which comprises a first soil cutting and mixing ring 510, a second soil cutting and mixing ring 520, a third soil cutting and mixing ring 530, a fourth soil cutting and mixing ring 540, two flat soil mixing shafts 550, a plurality of first soil pressing rollers 560, a plurality of second soil pressing rollers 570 and a plurality of third soil pressing rollers 580. The first soil cutting and mixing ring 510, the second soil cutting and mixing ring 520, the third soil cutting and mixing ring 530 and the fourth soil cutting and mixing ring 540 are sequentially and spacedly arranged from left to right. The first soil cutting and mixing ring 510 and the fourth soil cutting and mixing ring 540 are the same in structure, and are respectively installed on the harrow pressing frame 3 through the flat soil mixing shaft 550. The second soil cutting and mixing ring 520 and the third soil cutting and mixing ring 530 are the same in structure and are both in a hollow shape. The first soil cutting and mixing ring 510 is connected with the second soil cutting and mixing ring 520 through a plurality of first soil pressing rollers 560 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The second soil cutting and mixing ring 520 is connected with the third soil cutting and mixing ring 530 through a plurality of second soil pressing rollers 570 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The third soil cutting and mixing ring 530 is connected with the fourth soil cutting and mixing ring 540 through a plurality of third soil pressing rollers 580 which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The plurality of first soil pressing rollers 560, the plurality of second soil pressing rollers 570 and the plurality of third soil pressing rollers 580 are spirally arranged, so that the phase angle difference between the adjacent first soil pressing rollers 560 and the second soil pressing rollers 570 and the phase angle difference between the adjacent second soil pressing rollers 570 and the third soil pressing rollers 580 are 25-35°, so as to effectively reduce the disturbance of the soil during the soil mixing process, and to move the soil on the ground to the side of the pit through the spiral distribution and the hollow soil cutting and mixing ring, so as to achieve the purpose of flattening.

[0042] In the embodiment, the soil leveling and mixing device 5 is selected as the first structure.

[0043] In order to realize the profiling operation of the soil pressing device 6 along with the terrain and adapt to the reversing work of the soil pressing device 6, the soil pressing device 6 is installed on the connecting frame 7 through a single bidirectional profiling mechanism 8, which can realize profiling in both operation directions. The single bidirectional profiling mechanism 8 comprises two transverse sliding rails 81, two sliding rods 82, two transverse limiting springs 83, two profiling connecting rods 84 and two longitudinal springs 85. The two transverse sliding rails 81 are respectively and oppositely fixed on the two sides of the connecting frame 7. The two sliding rods 82 are respectively and fittingly installed in the two transverse sliding rails 81. Each transverse limiting spring 83 is installed between the sliding rod 82 and the connecting frame 7 in the horizontal direction. The two profiling connecting rods 84 are symmetrically distributed, one end of each profiling connecting rod 84 is connected with the sliding rod 82, and the other end is connected with the rotating shaft of the soil pressing device 6. Each longitudinal spring 85 is installed between the profiling connecting rod 84 and the connecting frame 7 in the vertical direction.

[0044] Specifically, the harrow-press frame 3 comprises a frame body 31, two traction mechanisms 32 located at the front and rear sides of the frame body 31, and a traction connecting rod 33, and the soil leveling device 5 is installed on the frame body 31; each traction mechanism 32 comprises a rotating shaft seat 321, a first traction rod rotating shaft 322, a rear spring seat 323, a first traction rod 324, a front spring seat 325 and a connecting rod shaft 326, the rotating shaft seat 321 is fixed on the cross beam of the frame body 31; the first traction rod rotating shaft 322 is installed in the rotating shaft seat 321 through a bearing; the rear spring seat 323 is fixed on the first traction rod rotating shaft 322; the first traction rod 324 is hinged on the rear spring seat 323; the extending end of the first traction rod 324 is fixed with a first hook 327; the front spring seat 325 is installed on the first traction rod 324; a spring is installed between the rear spring seat 323 and the front spring seat 325; the connecting rod shaft 326 is fixed on the rear spring seat 323, and the two connecting rod shafts 326 are connected through the traction connecting rod 33, so that the front and rear first traction rods 324 are linked, when the front first traction rod 324 is hooked for work, the rear first traction rod 324 is parallel to the cross beam, when the whole machine is turned over for work, the rear first traction rod 324 is hooked, so that the rear first traction rod 324 is rotated to be perpendicular to the cross beam to be in a working state, at this time, the front first traction rod 324 is rotated to be parallel to the cross beam, and the working state of the front and rear first traction rods 324 is converted.

[0045] Specifically, the harrow-press traction frame 2 comprises a second traction rod 21, a connecting rod 22, a connecting piece 23, a second hook 24 and an oil cylinder 25, one end of the second traction rod 21 is fixed on the end of the beam of the turnover plow 1; one end of the connecting rod 22 is hinged with the other end of the second traction rod 21, and the other end of the connecting rod 22 is hinged with the connecting piece 23; one end of the second hook 24 is hinged with the connecting piece 23, and the other end of the second hook 24 is hooked with the first hook 327; one end of the oil cylinder 25 is hinged on the second traction rod 21, and the other end of the oil cylinder 25 is hinged on the connecting piece 23, when working, the second hook 24 located at the front end is hooked on the first hook 327 to realize accurate joint work of the plow and the harrow, when the tractor travels to the end of the field and needs to be turned for work, at this time, the second hook 24 located at the front end is separated from the first hook 327 by controlling the oil cylinder 25 to contract and extend, when the tractor is turned and the turnover plow 1 is turned over, the second hook 24 located at the rear end is hooked on the first hook 327 through the front end to realize accurate joint work of the plow and the harrow after turning.

[0046] The embodiment of the present application also discloses a farmland plow and harrow accurate joint work method, which is performed by using the farmland plow and harrow accurate joint work whole machine structure as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0047] 1) Measure the parameters of the uncultivated field soil: I. Determine the firmness of the uncultivated soil at different depths, II. Measure the moisture content of the plough layer soil, III. Measure the structure parameters of the plough body of the turnover plough 1: the angle of entry, the length of the share, the total height of the plough body, IV. Measure the working parameters of the plough body: the width of ploughing, the depth of ploughing, the speed of ploughing;

[0048] 2) Measure the parameters of the soil state after ploughing with the single-share plough: I. Measure the profile lines of the furrow and the plough furrow, determine the profile data of the plough furrow by using the plough layer profile plotter, draw the profile shape diagram of the furrow and the plough furrow, and obtain the value of the transverse farthest throwing position S1 of the soil pad, II. Measure the distribution of the soil firmness P, measure the firmness of the soil at different depths in the transverse direction of the ploughing width at intervals of 5 cm, and draw the gradient distribution diagram of the isobaric line of the soil firmness of the plough layer section;

[0049] 3) Calculate the soil bulkiness k after ploughing:

[0050] Wherein, A is the volume of the uncultivated soil, and B is the volume of the corresponding soil after ploughing;

[0051] 4) Establish a three-factor model, after determining the soil conditions and the structure parameters of the plough body, take the ploughing width, the ploughing depth, and the ploughing speed as factors, take the transverse farthest throwing position of the soil pad as the target, perform polynomial fitting, and establish the relationship model of the transverse farthest throwing position S1 of the soil pad and the ploughing width, the ploughing depth, and the ploughing speed, S1 = f(a, b, c), wherein a is the ploughing width, b is the ploughing depth, and c is the ploughing speed.

[0052] The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed by the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the related parts can be referred to the method part.

[0053] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A precision combined operation integrated structure of a farm field plough, characterized in that, The system includes a reversible plow, a harrow-press traction frame, a harrow-press frame, a soil breaker, a leveling and composting device, and a compactor. The reversible plow is suspended on a tractor; the harrow-press traction frame is fixed to the end of the main beam of the reversible plow; the harrow-press frame is attached to the harrow-press traction frame; the soil breaker is mounted on the plowshare of the reversible plow; the leveling and composting device is mounted on the harrow-press frame; and the compactor is mounted on the harrow-press frame via a connecting frame. The soil breaker, the leveling and composting device, and the compactor are arranged sequentially from front to back along the rear side of the plowshare of the reversible plow. The soil breaker, the leveling and compaction device, and the compactor are all single-unit structures. The working width of the single-unit structure is E = (1+k)*(S1-a) = (1+k)*[f(a,b,c)-a], where k is the soil looseness after tillage, S1 is the furthest lateral throwing position of the soil pad, a is the tillage width, b is the tillage depth, and c is the tillage speed. The soil breaker includes a connecting beam, multiple cutting discs, and multiple loosening teeth. The connecting beam is mounted on the plow blade of the reversible plow. The multiple cutting discs, which are spaced apart, are mounted on the connecting beam via cutting disc connecting rods. The multiple loosening teeth, which are spaced apart, are mounted on the connecting beam, and the cutting discs and loosening teeth are alternately distributed. The ballast is mounted on the connecting frame via a single-unit bidirectional contouring mechanism. This mechanism includes two transverse slide rails, two slide rods, two transverse limiting springs, two contouring connecting rods, and two longitudinal springs. The two transverse slide rails are symmetrically fixed to both sides of the connecting frame. The two slide rods are respectively fitted into the two transverse slide rails. Each transverse limiting spring is horizontally installed between the slide rod and the connecting frame. The two contouring connecting rods are symmetrically distributed, with one end connected to the slide rod and the other end connected to the ballast's rotating shaft. Each longitudinal spring is vertically installed between the contouring connecting rod and the connecting frame. It also includes a method for precise combined plowing and harrowing operations in farmland, comprising the following steps: 1) Measure soil parameters of uncultivated farmland: Ⅰ Determine the firmness of uncultivated soil at different tillage depths, Ⅱ Measure the soil moisture content of the topsoil, Ⅲ Measure the structural parameters of the reversible plow: soil entry angle, plowshare length, and total plow height, Ⅳ Measure the working parameters of the plow: tillage width, tillage depth, and tillage speed; 2) Measure soil state parameters after tillage with a single-furrow plow: Ⅰ Measure the outline of furrows and plough furrows, use a tillage section mapping instrument to determine the furrow outline shape data, draw furrow and plough furrow outline shape diagrams, and obtain the value of the furthest lateral throw position S1 of the soil cushion; Ⅱ Measure the distribution of soil firmness P, measure the soil firmness at different tillage depths in the lateral direction of tillage width at 5cm intervals, and draw the soil firmness isobar gradient distribution map of tillage section. 3) Calculate the soil looseness k after tillage: ； Where A is the volume of uncultivated soil and B is the volume of soil after tilling. 4) Establish a three-factor model, after determining the soil conditions and plow body structure parameters, take the plowing width, plowing depth and plowing speed as factors, take the furthest throwing position of the soil pad as the target, carry out polynomial fitting, and establish the relationship model of the furthest throwing position S1 of the soil pad and the plowing width, plowing depth and plowing speed, S1=f(a, b, c), wherein a is the plowing width, b is the plowing depth, and c is the plowing speed.

2. The precision combined operation integrated machine structure of farm plow and harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil leveling device comprises a soil leveling shaft and a plurality of soil cutting and leveling rings, the soil leveling shaft is installed on the harrow frame, a plurality of soil cutting and leveling rings are installed on the soil leveling shaft and are distributed at intervals, and each soil cutting and leveling ring is at an angle of 5-20° with the working direction; a plurality of ribs are uniformly distributed in each soil cutting and leveling ring.

3. The precision combined operation integrated machine structure of farm plow and harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil leveling device comprises a soil leveling shaft, a plurality of soil consolidation discs and a plurality of soil consolidation rollers, the soil leveling shaft is installed on the harrow frame, a plurality of soil consolidation discs are installed on the soil leveling shaft and are distributed at intervals, each soil consolidation disc has a plurality of soil leakage holes, a plurality of soil consolidation rollers are fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the soil consolidation disc and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of soil consolidation rollers are spirally distributed, so that the central angle between the two ends of each soil consolidation roller is 10-15°.

4. The precision combined operation integrated machine structure of farm plow and harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil leveling device comprises a first soil cutting and leveling ring, a second soil cutting and leveling ring, a third soil cutting and leveling ring, a fourth soil cutting and leveling ring, two soil leveling shafts, a plurality of first soil pressing rollers, a plurality of second soil pressing rollers and a plurality of third soil pressing rollers, the first soil cutting and leveling ring, the second soil cutting and leveling ring, the third soil cutting and leveling ring and the fourth soil cutting and leveling ring are arranged at intervals from left to right; the first soil cutting and leveling ring and the fourth soil cutting and leveling ring are the same in structure, and are installed on the harrow frame through the soil leveling shaft; the second soil cutting and leveling ring and the third soil cutting and leveling ring are the same in structure and are hollow; the first soil cutting and leveling ring and the second soil cutting and leveling ring are connected by a plurality of first soil pressing rollers which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the second soil cutting and leveling ring and the third soil cutting and leveling ring are connected by a plurality of second soil pressing rollers which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the third soil cutting and leveling ring and the fourth soil cutting and leveling ring are connected by a plurality of third soil pressing rollers which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; and the plurality of first soil pressing rollers, the plurality of second soil pressing rollers and the plurality of third soil pressing rollers are spirally arranged, so that the phase angle difference between the adjacent first soil pressing rollers and the second soil pressing rollers and between the adjacent second soil pressing rollers and the third soil pressing rollers is 25-35°.

5. The precision combined operation integrated machine structure of farm plow and harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harrow frame comprises a frame body, two traction mechanisms located at the front and rear sides of the frame body, and a traction connecting rod, and the soil consolidation device is installed on the frame body; each traction mechanism comprises a rotating shaft seat, a first traction rod rotating shaft, a rear spring seat, a first traction rod, a front spring seat and a connecting rod shaft, the rotating shaft seat is fixed on the cross beam of the frame body, the first traction rod rotating shaft is installed in the rotating shaft seat through a bearing, the rear spring seat is fixed on the first traction rod rotating shaft, the first traction rod is hinged on the rear spring seat, the first traction rod extending end is fixed with a first hook, the front spring seat is installed on the first traction rod, a spring is installed between the rear spring seat and the front spring seat, and the connecting rod shaft is fixed on the rear spring seat, and the two connecting rod shafts are connected through the traction connecting rod.

6. The precision combined operation overall structure of a farmland plow and harrow according to claim 5, characterized in that, The harrow traction frame comprises a second traction rod, a connecting rod, a connecting piece, a second hook and an oil cylinder, one end of the second traction rod is fixed on the beam end of the turnover plow, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the other end of the second traction rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the connecting piece, one end of the second hook is hinged with the connecting piece, the other end of the second hook is hung with the first hook, one end of the oil cylinder is hinged on the second traction rod, and the other end of the oil cylinder is hinged on the connecting piece.

Images