A new liquid-solid filter

Abstract

The present application relates to a new type of liquid-solid baffle, and relates to the field of cooling technology, comprising a flowing liquid lithium cooling structure and a capillary target plate structure; the flowing liquid lithium cooling structure comprises a liquid lithium channel and a cooling body, and the liquid lithium channel is provided with a liquid lithium inlet channel and a liquid lithium outlet channel; the liquid lithium is transported by the dynamic pressure of the pipeline and the capillary force of the capillary structure in the target plate to the surface of the target plate, and the liquid lithium is uniformly spread on the surface of the target plate through the capillary structure on the surface of the target plate. Compared with the tungsten block solid target, the use of liquid metal can improve the heat load resistance and corrosion resistance of the target, reduce the thermal stress of the target plate, and has the advantages of self-repairing and self-renewing. Compared with the target plate of the flow channel type liquid metal, the target plate using the porous capillary structure can constrain the liquid metal through the capillary force, and has better stability. The present application combines the inherent advantages of the solid-state baffle and the liquid-state baffle, and can meet the higher service performance of the baffle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cooling technology, specifically to a novel liquid-solid divertor. Background Technology

[0002] Fusion energy is a promising energy pathway for future humankind to achieve efficient and sustainable utilization and development. Fusion reactors are a crucial means of achieving stable and reliable utilization of fusion energy. Currently, in the development process both domestically and internationally, magnetic confinement fusion is recognized as the most promising application mode of fusion energy. The divertor is one of the core components of a magnetic confinement fusion device. It plays a role in shielding impurities from the reactor walls, reducing impurity contamination of the central plasma, removing particle and heat flows from the central plasma, and eliminating helium ash generated during the nuclear fusion reaction. It is currently one of the key challenges in the magnetic confinement fusion pathway.

[0003] Currently, the main divertor structures in the fusion field are liquid lithium divertors and solid-state divertors. Liquid lithium divertors primarily feature a free-flow surface structure and can theoretically withstand 30 MW / m³. 2 The above-mentioned thermal load bombardment, due to the MHD effect in the strong magnetic field environment of the fusion reactor, will cause violent jetting, which will affect the operational stability of the fusion reactor. Therefore, it is currently mainly in the conceptual design and basic testing stage internationally.

[0004] Regarding solid-state divertors, the current main structure is a water-cooled monoblock structure based on tungsten / copper, i.e., a tungsten-copper through-tube divertor cooling scheme. A finger-type structure with liquid lithium cooling has also been proposed, but the main heat-bearing component of this structure is still solid tungsten, although it basically meets the 20MW / m² requirement. 2 While heat transfer is required, long-term operation under high-density plasma, high heat load, and high-energy neutron irradiation environments still presents numerous problems such as physical sputtering, structural creep, and performance failure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems by providing a novel liquid-solid divertor.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A novel liquid-solid divertor includes a flowing liquid lithium cooling structure and a capillary target plate structure.

[0008] The aforementioned liquid lithium cooling structure includes a liquid lithium channel and a cooling body. The liquid lithium channel has an inlet channel and an outlet channel. The cooling body includes an outer protective tube disposed on the liquid lithium channel, inside which a liquid lithium flow tube is installed. The liquid lithium flow tube connects to the liquid lithium inlet channel, and the outer protective tube connects to the liquid lithium outlet channel. A cooling structure is installed on the outer side of the outer protective tube. Multiple cooling bodies can be arranged on the liquid lithium channel. Capillaries are formed inside the capillary target plate structure. The liquid lithium within the cooling body forms capillary pressure through the dynamic pressure of the transported liquid lithium and the capillary structure inside the capillary target plate structure. The capillary structure on the target plate surface evenly spreads the liquid lithium on the target plate surface. The capillary structure can constrain the liquid lithium, effectively suppressing the MHD effect under strong magnetic conditions.

[0009] Preferably, the upper surface of the capillary target plate structure is a regular hexagon.

[0010] Preferably, multiple cooling bodies can be arranged on the liquid lithium channel.

[0011] Preferably, the flowing liquid lithium cooling structure and the capillary target plate structure can be arranged in an array.

[0012] Preferably, the cooling structure includes a coolant channel and a cooling pipe outside the outer protective pipe, wherein a cooling pipe is provided inside the cooling pipe, and multiple cooling pipes are connected to the coolant channel.

[0013] Preferably, the capillary pressure calculation formula is P = 2γcosα / r.

[0014] Preferably, γ is the surface tension coefficient; α is the contact angle; and r is the capillary radius.

[0015] Preferably, the capillaries have a structure that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the capillary target plate structure is 10-15 mm.

[0017] With the above structure, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] In this invention, liquid lithium is drawn to the target surface by the dynamic pressure of pipeline delivery and the capillary force of the capillary structure inside the target plate. The liquid lithium is then uniformly spread across the target plate surface through the capillary structure. Compared to solid tungsten targets, the use of liquid metal improves the target's heat load resistance and corrosion resistance, reduces thermal stress on the target plate, and offers advantages such as self-healing and self-renewal. Compared to target plates using flow channels of liquid metal, target plates with porous capillary structures can constrain the liquid metal through capillary forces, resulting in better stability.

[0019] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling body of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a front view of the cooling body of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a top view of the cooling body of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the cooling body of the present invention at point AA;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a wicking test diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the irradiation temperature variation of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the variation of lithium evaporation loss due to irradiation according to the present invention.

[0030] As shown in the figure: 1. Liquid lithium channel; 2. Liquid lithium inlet channel; 3. Liquid lithium outlet channel; 4. Cooling body; 4.1. Outer protective tube; 4.2. Liquid lithium flow tube; 5. Coolant channel; 5.1. Cooling tube; 5.2. Cooling pipe; 6. Capillary. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the full text.

[0034] Combined with appendix Figures 1-6 A novel liquid-solid divertor includes a flowing liquid lithium cooling structure and a capillary target plate structure.

[0035] The liquid lithium cooling structure includes a liquid lithium channel 1 and a cooling body 4. The liquid lithium channel 1 has a liquid lithium inlet channel 2 and a liquid lithium outlet channel 3. The cooling body 4 includes an outer protective tube 4.1 disposed on the liquid lithium channel 1. A liquid lithium flow tube 4.2 is installed inside the outer protective tube 4.1. The liquid lithium flow tube 4.2 is connected to the liquid lithium inlet channel 2. The outer protective tube 4.1 is connected to the liquid lithium outlet channel 3. A cooling structure is installed on the outside of the outer protective tube 4.1. Multiple cooling bodies 4 can be disposed on the liquid lithium channel 1. The capillary target plate structure has capillary vessels 6 inside. The liquid lithium in the cooling body 4 forms capillary pressure through the dynamic pressure of the transport and the capillary structure inside the capillary target plate structure. The liquid lithium is evenly spread on the target plate surface through the capillary structure on the target plate surface.

[0036] The upper surface of the capillary target plate structure is a regular hexagon.

[0037] The cooling body 4 can be arranged in multiple groups on the liquid lithium channel 1.

[0038] The aforementioned liquid lithium cooling structure and capillary target plate structure can be arranged in an array.

[0039] The cooling structure includes a coolant channel 5 and a cooling pipe 5.1 outside the outer protective pipe 4.1. A cooling pipe 5.2 is provided inside the cooling pipe 5.1. Multiple cooling pipes 5.2 are connected to the coolant channel 5. The coolant is injected into the coolant channel 5 and cooled through the cooling pipes 5.2 inside the cooling pipe 5.1.

[0040] Liquid lithium is drawn to the target plate surface by the dynamic pressure of the pipeline and the capillary force of the capillary structure inside the target plate. Then, the liquid lithium is evenly spread on the target plate surface by the capillary structure. The capillary pressure calculation formula is P = 2.

[0041] γcosα / r. Here, γ is the surface tension coefficient; α is the contact angle; and r is the capillary radius.

[0042] Compared to solid tungsten targets, the use of liquid metal can improve the target's heat load resistance and corrosion resistance, reduce thermal stress on the target plate, and has the advantages of self-healing and self-renewal. Compared to target plates with flow channels of liquid metal, target plates using porous capillary structures can constrain the liquid metal through capillary forces, resulting in better stability.

[0043] The bottom features flowing liquid lithium, while the top has a capillary structure that is interconnected, allowing for better heat and material flow. This results in a superior liquid lithium divertor structure that can be effectively arrayed.

[0044] The capillary 6 described above has a structure that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top.

[0045] The thickness of the capillary target plate structure is 10-15 mm.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a liquid lithium channel 1 and multiple cooling bodies 4, and also includes a capillary target plate structure used in conjunction with the cooling bodies 4. Liquid lithium enters from the liquid lithium inlet channel 2 of the liquid lithium channel 1, flows upward in the liquid lithium flow tube 4.2, and then flows between the outer protective tube 4.1 and the liquid lithium flow tube 4.2. The pressure generated during the flow will impact the capillary target plate structure and enter the capillary tube 6. It is then drawn to the target plate surface by the capillary force core of the internal capillary structure. After that, the liquid lithium is evenly spread on the target plate surface by the capillary structure on the target plate surface. The liquid between the outer protective tube 4.1 and the liquid lithium flow tube 4.2 flows out from the liquid lithium outlet channel 3.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] like Figure 6As shown, it consists of multiple liquid lithium channels 1 and multiple cooling bodies 4, and also includes a capillary target plate structure used in conjunction with the cooling bodies 4. Liquid lithium enters from the liquid lithium inlet channel 2 of the liquid lithium channel 1, flows upward in the liquid lithium flow tube 4.2, and then flows between the outer protective tube 4.1 and the liquid lithium flow tube 4.2. The pressure generated during the flow will impact the capillary target plate structure and enter the capillary vessels 6. It is drawn to the target plate surface by the capillary force core of the internal capillary structure. Then, the liquid lithium is evenly spread on the target plate surface by the capillary structure on the target plate surface. The liquid between the outer protective tube 4.1 and the liquid lithium flow tube 4.2 flows out from the liquid lithium outlet channel 3.

[0050] wicking experiment:

[0051] like Figure 7 As shown, wicking experiments were conducted on the cooling body 4 of Examples 1 and 2. A capillary wick was placed on the cooling body 4 to perform the wicking experiment. Wicking is the spontaneous absorption of liquid into the porous medium through the capillary effect. During wicking, the surface tension of the liquid (caused by the cohesive force within the liquid) and the adhesive force between the liquid and the porous medium work together to drive the capillary to draw the liquid into the porous medium. The rise in liquid level within capillary tubes with different strands of cotton thread and different inner diameters was studied using the vertical wicking method, demonstrating excellent wicking characteristics.

[0052] Irradiation experiment:

[0053] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, irradiation experiments were conducted on the cooling body 4 of Examples 1 and 2. The tests were performed by plasma irradiation, and the changes in temperature and lithium evaporation loss were detected by varying the irradiation time. After plasma irradiation, the device showed good stability and spreadability.

[0054] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown throughout are only one of the embodiments of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited to this. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel liquid-solid filter, characterized by, This includes a liquid lithium cooling structure and a capillary target plate structure; The liquid lithium cooling structure includes a liquid lithium channel (1) and a cooling body (4). The liquid lithium channel (1) has a liquid lithium inlet channel (2) and a liquid lithium outlet channel (3). The cooling body (4) includes an outer protective tube (4.1) installed on the liquid lithium channel (1). A liquid lithium flow tube (4.2) is installed inside the outer protective tube (4.1). The liquid lithium flow tube (4.2) is connected to the liquid lithium inlet channel (2). The outer protective tube (4.1) is connected to the liquid lithium outlet channel (3). A cooling structure is installed on the outside of the outer protective tube (4.1). Multiple cooling bodies (4) can be installed on the liquid lithium channel (1). The capillary target plate structure has capillary vessels (6) inside. The liquid lithium in the cooling body (4) forms capillary pressure through the dynamic pressure of the transport and the capillary structure inside the capillary target plate structure. The liquid lithium is evenly spread on the target plate surface through the capillary structure on the target plate surface. The upper surface of the capillary target plate structure is a regular hexagon; The cooling structure includes a coolant channel (5) and a cooling pipe (5.1) outside the outer protective pipe (4.1). A cooling pipe (5.2) is provided inside the cooling pipe (5.1), and multiple cooling pipes (5.2) are connected to the coolant channel (5). The capillary pressure calculation formula is P = 2γcosα / r; where γ is the surface tension coefficient; α is the contact angle; and r is the capillary radius. The capillaries (6) described above have a structure that is large at the bottom and small at the top; The thickness of the capillary target plate structure is 10-15 mm.

2. The novel liquid-solid divertor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling body (4) can be arranged in multiple sets on the liquid lithium channel (1).

3. A novel liquid-solid divertor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned liquid lithium cooling structure and capillary target plate structure can be arranged in an array.

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