Liquid warm cloud mist catalyst and method of use thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of weather modification catalyst, especially a liquid warm cloud mist catalyst and its application method. The raw material composition of the warm cloud mist catalyst includes, by mass percentage, 65wt%-80wt% of hygroscopic liquid material, 15wt%-30wt% of hygroscopic light porous material, and 0.01wt%-5wt% of synergistic adjuvant. The warm cloud mist catalyst is liquid, the spraying particle size can be controlled, the catalyst temperature can be controlled, the requirements for the spraying conditions are low, and the catalyst can be sprayed on the ground or sprayed in the air.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of weather modification catalysts, in particular to a liquid warm cloud fog catalyst and its application method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The distribution of fog days in different regions of China varies greatly, with some regions having more than 100 fog days a year, and the generation rate of warm fog being much higher than that of cold fog. In the field of weather modification, the research on warm cloud fog catalysts has always been a difficult world problem. Warm cloud fog catalysts are mainly based on hygroscopic substances. Early hygroscopic substances mainly include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium nitrate and urea salt particles. The particle size of these salt particles is difficult to control accurately, and they are prone to caking. At the same time, due to the limitation of aircraft carrying capacity, they have a certain catalytic effect, but the effect is not significant, and they have a certain corrosiveness to equipment.

[0003] The new type of warm cloud fog catalysts currently available include hygroscopic flares, superabsorbent polymers and A-type molecular sieves, which have less damage to equipment and have a certain water absorption, but the effect of eliminating cloud fog is not significant. Moreover, these warm cloud fog catalysts are all solid and powder, and their particle size is difficult to control, the temperature of the catalyst itself cannot be controlled, and the ground spraying distance of the solid powder catalyst is short, which requires high-altitude scattering.

[0004] Therefore, the conventional solid and powder hygroscopic catalyst cannot meet the requirements of warm cloud fog catalysis, and due to its form, the particle size is difficult to control, the catalyst cannot be heated to increase efficiency, and the scattering method is limited. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to improve the shortcomings of existing warm cloud fog catalysts and provide a liquid warm cloud fog catalyst that can effectively eliminate warm cloud fog, with adjustable particle size and temperature of the catalyst itself, low requirements for scattering conditions, and can be ground vehicle-mounted or aircraft-sprayed. It has good anti-environmental interference ability, is non-toxic, has low corrosiveness, good environmental safety and biological safety.

[0006] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of the present application is as follows:

[0007] The present application provides a liquid warm cloud fog catalyst, the raw material composition of which includes, by mass percentage:

[0008] 65wt%-80wt% of hygroscopic liquid material;

[0009] 15wt%-30wt% of hygroscopic light porous material;

[0010] 0.01wt%-5wt% of efficiency aid;

[0011] Further, the hygroscopic liquid material is one or more of anhydrous ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-octanol, and polyethylene glycol-200.

[0012] Further, the hygroscopic liquid material is composed of 60wt%-80wt% anhydrous ethanol, 1wt%-10wt% ethylene glycol, 1wt%-10wt% propylene glycol, 0wt%-5wt% glycerol, 0wt%-5wt% n-butanol, 0wt%-5wt% n-pentanol, 5wt%-20wt% n-octanol, and 0wt%-5wt% polyethylene glycol-200.

[0013] Preferably, the hygroscopic liquid material is composed of 70wt%-80wt% anhydrous ethanol, 3wt%-8wt% ethylene glycol, 3wt%-8wt% propylene glycol, and 10wt%-15wt% n-octanol.

[0014] Further, the hygroscopic light porous material is a hygroscopic modified silica aerogel, a hygroscopic modified starch microsphere, a hygroscopic modified molecular sieve, or a hygroscopic modified attapulgite.

[0015] Further, the hygroscopic modification method of the hygroscopic modified silica aerogel is as follows: silica aerogel is added to a CaCl2 solution with a mass concentration of 10wt%-30wt% at a mass ratio of 0.5-1:10-15, stirred in a constant-temperature water bath at 50℃-70℃ for 90min-120min, vacuum-filtered, dried at a constant temperature of 100℃-110℃ for 4h-5h, ground with a mortar to a fine and smooth state without large particles, and the hygroscopic modified silica aerogel is obtained.

[0016] Further, the hygroscopic modification method of the hygroscopic modified starch microsphere is as follows: silica aerogel is added to a CaCl2 solution with a mass concentration of 10wt%-20wt% at a mass ratio of 0.5-1:5-10, stirred in a constant-temperature water bath at 50℃-70℃ for 90min-120min, vacuum-filtered, dried at a constant temperature of 100℃-110℃ for 4h-5h, ground with a mortar to a fine and smooth state without large particles, and the hygroscopic modified starch microsphere is obtained.

[0017] Further, the hygroscopic modification method of the hygroscopic modified molecular sieve is as follows: molecular sieve is added to a H2SO4 solution with a mass concentration of 15wt%-30wt% at a mass ratio of 0.5-1:15-20, stirred in a constant-temperature water bath at 90℃-100℃ for 2h-3h, cooled and placed for 24h-48h, the supernatant is poured off, washed with distilled water until the pH of the supernatant is 7, the obtained solid is dried at a constant temperature of 100℃-110℃ for 2h-3h, ground with a mortar to a fine and smooth state without large particles, and the hygroscopic modified molecular sieve is obtained.

[0018] Further, the method for modifying the hygroscopicity of the attapulgite is as follows: 0.5-1:10-20 of attapulgite is added to 15wt%-30wt% of sulfuric acid solution, and stirred in a 90-100°C constant temperature water bath for 2-3h, and then cooled and settled for 24-48h, and the supernatant is poured out, and washed with distilled water until the pH of the supernatant is 7, and the obtained solid is dried at 100-110°C constant temperature for 2-3h, and then ground in a mortar until fine and without large particles, to obtain the hygroscopicity modified attapulgite.

[0019] Further, the hygroscopic light porous material is composed of 50wt%-70wt% of hygroscopicity modified silica aerogel, 20wt%-30wt% of hygroscopicity modified starch microspheres, 5wt%-10wt% of hygroscopicity modified molecular sieve, and 5wt%-10wt% of hygroscopicity modified attapulgite.

[0020] Preferably, the hygroscopic light porous material is composed of 60wt%-65wt% of hygroscopicity modified silica aerogel, 20wt%-25wt% of hygroscopicity modified starch microspheres, 5wt%-8wt% of hygroscopicity modified molecular sieve, and 5wt%-8wt% of hygroscopicity modified attapulgite.

[0021] Moreover, the synergistic adjuvant is one or two or more of organosilicon adjuvant, pentyl acetate, propyl butyrate, n-pentyl butyrate, and n-pentyl propionate.

[0022] Further, the synergistic adjuvant is composed of 60wt%-90wt% of organosilicon adjuvant, 10wt%-30wt% of pentyl acetate, 0wt%-5wt% of propyl butyrate, 0wt%-5wt% of n-pentyl butyrate, and 0wt%-5wt% of n-pentyl propionate.

[0023] Preferably, the synergistic adjuvant is composed of 75wt%-85wt% of organosilicon adjuvant and 15wt%-25wt% of pentyl acetate.

[0024] The preparation method of the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst comprises the following steps:

[0025] Firstly, the hygroscopic liquid material is weighed according to the proportion, stirred uniformly, and a first solution is prepared;

[0026] Secondly, the hygroscopic light porous material is weighed according to the proportion, added into the first solution, stirred uniformly, and a second solution is prepared;

[0027] Thirdly, the synergistic adjuvant is weighed according to the proportion, added into the second solution under sufficient stirring, and mixed uniformly to obtain the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst.

[0028] The warm cloud mist catalyst is sprayed in the form of small droplets in the cloud mist, can spontaneously and quickly absorb water molecules in the air, reduce the interfacial tension of the condensed droplets; at the same time, collides with other small droplets to grow into large droplets, and under the action of gravity, the other droplets are settled down with obvious drag effect, can inhibit and destroy the updraft in the cloud, so that the effect of quickly eliminating the warm cloud mist is achieved.

[0029] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0030] 1、The warm cloud mist catalyst of the present application is a liquid material, the particle size of the sprayed particles can be controlled, the particle size is 10-100 microns, the particle size is small, and it is easy to suspend in the air. The catalyst itself can be heated, the temperature is 15-65 DEG C. The requirement for the spraying condition is low, and the ground vehicle spraying or air plane spraying can be used.

[0031] 2、The hygroscopic liquid material of the present application selects anhydrous ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-octanol, polyethylene glycol-200, etc., can absorb moisture from the air, has certain hygroscopic property, after being sprayed in the form of small droplets, can absorb water molecules in the air to grow into large droplets, then collides with other droplets to settle down, and then the warm cloud mist is eliminated.

[0032] 3、The hygroscopic light porous material of the present application is composed of hygroscopic modified silica aerogel, hygroscopic modified starch microspheres, hygroscopic modified molecular sieve and hygroscopic modified attapulgite. It has the characteristics of light and porous, and the large specific surface area makes the catalyst have super strong water molecule adsorption performance, which can significantly enhance the water molecule adsorption rate and improve the adsorption rate.

[0033] 4、The synergistic agent of the present application is organic silicon agent, pentyl acetate, propyl butyrate, n-pentyl butyrate, n-pentyl propionate, etc., which enhances the adhesion of the catalyst to water molecules and improves the catalyst efficiency. It can effectively reduce the interfacial tension of the condensed droplets, enhance the collision efficiency of the suspended droplets, accelerate the growth of the droplet size and the settling rate, and improve the operation effect of the warm cloud mist catalyst.

[0034] 5、The liquid warm cloud mist catalyst prepared by compounding the hygroscopic liquid material, the hygroscopic light porous material and the synergistic agent has super strong water molecule adsorption capacity and better warm cloud mist catalytic operation effect.

[0035] 6、The material formed after absorbing moisture has similar flow and viscosity to water, does not affect the ground traffic safety, has good environmental interference resistance, thermal stability, non-toxicity, small corrosion and good environmental safety and biological safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1Variation of the fog obscuration rate within 20 minutes after spraying the liquid warm cloud fog catalyst of different embodiments and comparative examples of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Example 1;

[0038] Figure 3 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Example 2;

[0039] Figure 4 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Example 3;

[0040] Figure 5 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Comparative Example 1;

[0041] Figure 6 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Comparative Example 2;

[0042] Figure 7 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Comparative Example 3;

[0043] Figure 8 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Comparative Example 4;

[0044] Figure 9 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Comparative Example 5;

[0045] Figure 10 Comparison chart of the visibility of the marker in the fog within 2 minutes for the warm cloud fog catalyst of Comparative Example 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present application will be further described in the following specific examples, which are only illustrative and not restrictive, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This example is a liquid warm cloud fog catalyst, which is composed of 78wt% of hygroscopic liquid material, 21wt% of hygroscopic light porous material, and 1wt% of synergistic adjuvant, by mass percentage.

[0049] The hygroscopic liquid material is composed of 77wt% of anhydrous ethanol, 5wt% of ethylene glycol, 5wt% of propylene glycol, and 13wt% of n-octanol, by mass percentage.

[0050] The hygroscopic light porous material is composed of 62wt% hygroscopic modified silica aerogel, 24wt% hygroscopic modified starch microspheres, 7wt% hygroscopic modified molecular sieve and 7wt% hygroscopic modified attapulgite by mass percentage.

[0051] The synergistic adjuvant is composed of 80wt% silicone adjuvant and 20wt% pentyl acetate by mass percentage.

[0052] The hygroscopic modification method of the hygroscopic modified silica aerogel is as follows: silica aerogel is added into a CaCl2 solution with a mass concentration of 10% at a mass ratio of 1:10, stirred in a constant temperature water bath at 60℃ for 90min, vacuum filtered, dried at 100℃ for 4h, and ground into fine particles without large particles in a mortar to obtain the hygroscopic modified silica aerogel.

[0053] The hygroscopic modification method of the hygroscopic modified starch microspheres is as follows: silica aerogel is added into a CaCl2 solution with a mass concentration of 20% at a mass ratio of 1:10, stirred in a constant temperature water bath at 60℃ for 90min, vacuum filtered, dried at 100℃ for 4h, and ground into fine particles without large particles in a mortar to obtain the hygroscopic modified starch microspheres.

[0054] The hygroscopic modification method of the hygroscopic modified molecular sieve is as follows: molecular sieve is added into a 20% sulfuric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:20, stirred in a constant temperature water bath at 100℃ for 2h, the supernatant is poured out after standing for 24h, washed with distilled water until the pH of the supernatant is 7, and the obtained solid is dried at 100℃ for 2h, and ground into fine particles without large particles in a mortar to obtain the hygroscopic modified molecular sieve.

[0055] The hygroscopic modification method of the hygroscopic modified attapulgite is as follows: molecular sieve is added into a 30% sulfuric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:20, stirred in a constant temperature water bath at 90℃ for 2h, the supernatant is poured out after standing for 24h, washed with distilled water until the pH of the supernatant is 7, and the obtained solid is dried at 100℃ for 2h, and ground into fine particles without large particles in a mortar to obtain the hygroscopic modified molecular sieve.

[0056] The preparation process of the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst includes the following steps:

[0057] The first step is to weigh anhydrous ethanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol according to the proportion, stir and mix uniformly to prepare a first solution;

[0058] The second step is to weigh the hygroscopic light porous material according to the proportion, add it into the first solution, stir uniformly to prepare a second solution;

[0059] The third step is to weigh the silicone adjuvant and pentyl acetate according to the proportion, add them into the second solution under sufficient stirring, mix uniformly to obtain the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst.

[0060] Method for characterizing catalytic performance of liquid warm cloud mist catalyst:

[0061] In actual life, visibility is often used to characterize the formation and dissipation of mist, and visibility and obscuration rate are related. The better the visibility, the smaller the obscuration rate, and vice versa. In the experiment, the change of obscuration rate with time was used to characterize the good or bad of the catalytic effect of the warm cloud mist, and the situation in the mist chamber was observed. When the obscuration rate was reduced to 60%, the situation in the mist chamber could be observed clearly, so the time τ 60 was selected to characterize the good or bad of the catalytic effect of the warm cloud mist, and the smaller the value of τ 60 , the better the catalytic effect.

[0062] The liquid warm cloud mist catalyst obtained in this example was sprayed at a particle size of 10 μm and a mass concentration of 1.72 g·m -3 when the catalyst temperature was 20℃, and τ 60 was 0.73 min. The situation of the identification object in the mist was observed, as shown in FIG. 1, and the identification object could be clearly seen at 0.5 min. Figure 2

[0063] Example 2

[0064] The difference from Example 1 is that the sprayed particle size was 100 μm.

[0065] The liquid warm cloud mist catalyst obtained in this example was sprayed at a particle size of 100 μm and a mass concentration of 1.72 g·m -3 when the catalyst temperature was 20℃, and τ 60 was 1.05 min. The situation of the identification object in the mist was observed, as shown in FIG. 2, and the identification object could be clearly seen at 0.5 min. Figure 3

[0066] Example 3

[0067] The difference from Example 1 is that the sprayed liquid warm cloud mist catalyst was heated, and the temperature was 58℃.

[0068] The liquid warm cloud mist catalyst obtained in this example was heated to 58℃, sprayed at a particle size of 10 μm, and a mass concentration of 1.72 g·m -3 , and τ 60 was 0.51 min. The situation of the identification object in the mist was observed, as shown in FIG. 3, and the identification object could be clearly seen at 0.5 min. Figure 4 Comparative Example 1

[0069] The difference from Example 1 is that the sprayed liquid warm cloud mist catalyst was heated, and the temperature was 58℃.

[0070] ​​The method of Example 1 was repeated with the component amounts specified in Table 1, except that no catalyst was sprayed and the mist was allowed to dissipate naturally. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 5 .

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] The method of Example 1 was repeated with the component amounts specified in Table 1, except that the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst did not contain a hygroscopic liquid material. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 6 .

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] The method of Example 1 was repeated with the component amounts specified in Table 1, except that the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst did not contain a hygroscopic lightweight porous material. The results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 7 .

[0075] Table 1

[0076]

[0077] Comparative Example 4

[0078] The method of Example 1 was repeated with the component amounts specified in Table 2, except that the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst did not contain a synergist. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 8 .

[0079] Comparative Example 5

[0080] The method of Example 1 was repeated with the component amounts specified in Table 2, except that the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst had different component amounts. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 9 .

[0081] Comparative Example 6

[0082] The method of Example 1 was repeated with the component amounts specified in Table 2, except that the liquid warm cloud mist catalyst had different material components. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 10 .

[0083] Table 2

[0084]

[0085] The above only describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A liquid warm cloud catalyst, characterized in that, Its raw material composition, by mass percentage, includes: Hygroscopic liquid materials: 65wt%-80wt%; Hygroscopic lightweight porous materials: 15wt%-30wt%; Synergistic additives: 0.01wt%-5wt%; The hygroscopic liquid material is one or more of the following: anhydrous ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-octanol, and polyethylene glycol-200. The hygroscopic lightweight porous material is a composite of hygroscopic modified silica aerogel, hygroscopic modified starch microspheres, hygroscopic modified molecular sieves, and hygroscopic modified attapulgite; the hygroscopic modification method is calcium chloride impregnation modification or sulfuric acid acidification modification; The synergistic agent is one or more of the following: organosilicon additive, amyl acetate, propyl butyrate, n-amyl butyrate, and n-amyl propionate.

2. The liquid warm cloud and fog catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hygroscopic liquid material, by mass percentage, consists of 60wt%-80wt% anhydrous ethanol, 1wt%-10wt% ethylene glycol, 1wt%-10wt% propylene glycol, 0wt%-5wt% glycerol, 0wt%-5wt% n-butanol, 0wt%-5wt% n-pentanol, 5wt%-20wt% n-octanol, and 0wt%-5wt% polyethylene glycol-200.

3. The liquid warm cloud and fog catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hygroscopic liquid material, by mass percentage, is composed of 70wt%-80wt% anhydrous ethanol, 3wt%-8wt% ethylene glycol, 3wt%-8wt% propylene glycol, and 10wt%-15wt% n-octanol.

4. The liquid warm cloud and fog catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned hygroscopic lightweight porous material, by mass percentage, is composed of 50wt%-70wt% hygroscopic modified silica aerogel, 20wt%-30wt% hygroscopic modified starch microspheres, 5wt%-10wt% hygroscopic modified molecular sieves, and 5wt%-10wt% hygroscopic modified attapulgite.

5. The liquid warm cloud and fog catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aforementioned hygroscopic lightweight porous material, by mass percentage, is composed of 60wt%-65wt% hygroscopic modified silica aerogel, 20wt%-25wt% hygroscopic modified starch microspheres, 5wt%-8wt% hygroscopic modified molecular sieves, and 5wt%-8wt% hygroscopic modified attapulgite.

6. The liquid warm cloud and fog catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned synergistic agent, by mass percentage, is a mixture consisting of 60wt%-90wt% organosilicon additive, 10wt%-30wt% amyl acetate, 0wt%-5wt% propyl butyrate, 0wt%-5wt% n-amyl butyrate, and 0wt%-5wt% n-amyl propionate.

7. The liquid warm cloud and fog catalyst according to claim 6, characterized in that, The aforementioned synergistic agent, by mass percentage, is a mixture of 75wt%-85wt% organosilicon additives and 15wt%-25wt% amyl acetate.

8. The application method of the liquid warm cloud and fog catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying particle size is 10 μm-100 μm, and it can be sprayed on the ground by vehicle or by aircraft.

9. The application method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Heat the liquid warm cloud catalyst to 15℃-65℃ before spraying or spreading.

Images