A Chinese medicinal beverage for preoperative use and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicine pharmaceutical manufacturing, and relates to a preoperative Chinese medicine beverage and its preparation method and application. The preoperative Chinese medicine beverage is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 25 parts of longan pulp; 15 to 25 parts of sour jujube seeds, 20 to 40 parts of poria, 20 to 40 parts of lotus seeds, and 25 to 35 parts of red dates; preferably, it is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of longan pulp; 20 parts of sour jujube seeds, 30 parts of poria, 30 parts of lotus seeds, and 30 parts of red dates. The preoperative Chinese medicine beverage of the present invention has been clinically demonstrated to relieve perioperative insomnia; improve hunger and thirst during the waiting period for surgery; reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting; improve postoperative body metabolism, reduce insulin resistance, and promote postoperative recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, and relates to a traditional Chinese medicine drink for pre-operation, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Perioperative fasting and drinking management is an important part of the concept of accelerated recovery after surgery. The traditional concept of fasting and drinking starting from the night before surgery for patients undergoing elective surgery is no longer in line with the current concept of accelerated recovery after surgery. In 2017, the latest guidelines released by the American Society of Anesthesiologists recommended that patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, or anesthesia sedation should fast from solid food for 6 hours before surgery and drink clear drinks 2 hours before surgery, including clear water, pulp-free juice, sugary drinks, clear tea or black coffee. In recent years, a large number of researchers have conducted multi-dimensional studies on preoperative drinks, including ingredients, dosage, safety, etc. Sugary drinks are currently the most studied and used preoperative clear drinks. The safety of oral sugary drinks before surgery has been confirmed by most clinical practices, and oral sugary drinks before surgery can also change the energy storage of patients in fasting conditions, effectively reduce insulin resistance, improve patients' stress state, help improve patients' subjective feelings such as thirst, hunger and anxiety, and even shorten hospital stays and other potential benefits.

[0003] Chinese dietetic nutrition is an applied discipline that studies the relationship between diet and maintaining and improving human health, as well as disease prevention and treatment, under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, based on the concept that medicine and food have the same origin and medicine and food are used together. With the continuous discovery of a variety of bioactive substances in food that have important effects on the human body and the introduction of the concept of functional food, the international nutrition community has undergone a directional shift in the understanding of dietary guidelines, from the past nutrient-based to food-based. Combined with the accelerated recovery perioperative dietary management regulations, the intervention of Chinese medicine and food with clear water, which is of the same origin as medicine, complies with the accelerated recovery perioperative fasting and abstinence management regulations, and can also give full play to the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine to synergistically improve preoperative anxiety, insomnia, etc. The choice of medicine and food with the same origin is highly safe and more widely applicable. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preoperative Chinese medicine drink for accelerating recovery and a drinking method thereof in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The drink can effectively help relieve preoperative anxiety, insomnia and discomfort, and at the same time can improve the patient's stress state, reduce insulin resistance, and assist in improving the patient's subjective feelings such as thirst and hunger.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The present invention discloses a Chinese medicine drink for preoperative use, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight:

[0007] 15-25 servings of longan flesh;

[0008] 15-25 portions of sour jujube kernels,

[0009] 20-40 portions of Poria,

[0010] 20-40 servings of lotus seeds,

[0011] 25 to 35 servings of red dates.

[0012] Preferably, the Chinese medicinal beverage for preoperative use is composed of the following components in parts by weight:

[0013] 20 servings of longan flesh;

[0014] 20 parts of Chinese date seeds,

[0015] 30 portions of Poria,

[0016] 30 servings of lotus seeds,

[0017] 30 servings of red dates.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned preoperative Chinese medicine beverage, comprising the following steps:

[0019] (1) boiling the components in the above weight proportions with water for two times, filtering and obtaining a Chinese medicine decoction;

[0020] (2) Mixing the Chinese medicine decoction obtained in step (1) with carbohydrates to obtain a Chinese medicine drink.

[0021] In some embodiments, the carbohydrate is maltodextrin.

[0022] In some embodiments, in step (1), the components in the aforementioned weight proportions are decocted with water twice, preferably, the first time they are soaked in water, decocted for the first time, filtered, the second time they are added with water, decocted for the second time, filtered, and the two filtrates are combined to obtain a Chinese medicine decoction.

[0023] In some embodiments, preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of water to the components by weight for the first time of soaking is 10:1, and the soaking time is 1 hour; the first time of decoction, after boiling over high heat, simmering over low heat for 30 minutes; the second time of adding water, the mass ratio of water to the components by weight is 6:1; the second time of decoction, after boiling over high heat, simmering over low heat for 15 minutes.

[0024] In some embodiments, in step (1), the mass volume ratio of the components in weight fractions to the traditional Chinese medicine decoction is 9.5 g:40 mL to 16.5 g:40 mL, preferably 13 g:40 mL.

[0025] In some embodiments, in step (2), the mass volume ratio of the carbohydrate to the Chinese medicine decoction is 1g:6mL to 1g:8mL, preferably 1g:8mL.

[0026] In some embodiments, in step (2), the concentration of carbohydrates in the Chinese herbal beverage is 12.5% ​​to 16.5% g / mL, preferably 12.5% ​​g / mL.

[0027] The use of the above-mentioned preoperative Chinese medicinal beverage in the preparation of preoperative edible beverages is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] In some embodiments, in the use of preoperative Chinese herbal beverages in the preparation of preoperative edible beverages, the specific method of taking is: fasting from solid food 6 hours before surgery, taking 600 mL of preoperative Chinese herbal beverage orally 9 to 10 hours before surgery, and taking 200 mL of preoperative Chinese herbal beverage orally 2 to 3 hours before surgery.

[0029] In some embodiments, the surgery is hip or knee replacement, cholecystectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, colorectal surgery, plastic surgery, urological surgery, or gynecological surgery.

[0030] The longan flesh in this recipe is sweet and warm in nature, and has the effects of benefiting the spleen and calming the mind, nourishing blood and calming the nerves. "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "It can nourish qi and blood, and is an important medicine for the heart and spleen. Therefore, it can be used to treat mental fatigue, palpitations and shock." Modern pharmacological research has also confirmed that longan flesh is rich in vitamin A, carotene and trace elements, and is also rich in essential amino acids such as leucine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, etc., and is rich in nutrients.

[0031] The Chinese jujube seeds in this recipe are warm, sweet and sour, and have the effects of nourishing blood and liver, calming the mind and nerves, and promoting the production of body fluids and quenching thirst. The "Golden Chamber" says: "If you have fatigue, restlessness, and insomnia, Chinese jujube seeds soup is the main treatment." The "Famous Doctors' Records" says: "Chinese jujube seeds are used to treat restlessness and insomnia, and they benefit the liver and yin qi." Modern pharmacological studies have also shown that Chinese jujube seeds contain saponins, flavonoid glycosides and other ingredients, which have sedative and hypnotic effects.

[0032] The Fu Shen in this prescription is sweet and mild in nature, and enters the heart meridian and the liver meridian, focusing on calming the mind and tranquilizing the spirit. "Famous Doctors' Prescriptions" says "Fu Shen can stop palpitations, calm the soul, and nourish the spirit", and "Yao Xing Lun" says "Fu Shen can calm the mind and replenish fatigue".

[0033] The lotus seeds in this prescription are bitter and cold in nature, and have traditional calming effects. Modern pharmacology indicates that lotus seeds may have sedative and hypnotic effects by acting on related targets such as the neuroactive receptor ligand interaction pathway, the actin cytoskeleton pathway, the calcium signaling pathway, and the cholinergic synaptic pathway.

[0034] The red dates in this recipe are warm in nature and sweet in taste, and have the effects of nourishing the middle qi, nourishing blood and calming the mind. Modern pharmacology has confirmed that red dates are rich in flavonoids, and flavonoid compounds have sedative and hypnotic effects. The blood-tonifying effect of red dates is that red dates are rich in polysaccharides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, vitamins, inorganic salts, etc., which have multiple effects such as nourishing blood and nourishing yin.

[0035] This prescription uses Poria and lotus seed meat to nourish the heart and calm the mind, strengthen the spleen and replenish deficiency as the main medicines; it is supplemented with Chinese jujube seeds and longan meat to nourish the heart and spleen, strengthen the nourishing effect, and replenish without stagnation; red dates are used to moderate the medicinal properties and harmonize the other medicines. The prescription medicines are all mild products with mild medicinal effects, mild tonic, and wide range of applications. Lotus seed meat has mild medicinal properties and slow action. It is used together with Poria, and is the main medicine, which has the effects of connecting the heart and kidney, nourishing the heart and calming the mind, and strengthening the spleen and replenishing deficiency. Longan meat is sweet and warm, and has a mild nature. It replenishes without stagnation. It is a good tonic medicine. It is a minister medicine with Chinese jujube seeds, which strengthens the effects of Poria and lotus seed meat, the two main medicines, nourishing the heart and calming the mind, and also benefits the spleen and replenishes deficiency. Red dates strengthen the calming and tonic effects of Poria and lotus seed meat, and harmonize the other medicines, with a gentle effect, and is a guiding medicine. In this prescription, Poria is sweet and mild in nature. It enters the heart meridian and the liver meridian, focusing on calming the mind and calming the mind. This prescription focuses on nourishing the heart and spleen and assisting the liver. Most of the drugs belong to the heart and spleen meridians. Among the drugs, warm drugs account for the largest proportion, followed by cold and neutral drugs. Among the five flavors, sweet tastes the largest, followed by bitter tastes. This prescription has the same origin as medicine and food. The Chinese medicines in the prescription have no incompatibility taboos, no eighteen anti-reactions and nineteen fears. The five flavors of longan pulp, sour jujube seeds, poria, lotus seeds, and red dates work together to calm the mind and soothe the nerves. After nutrient determination and sugar pretreatment, it can be taken as a perioperative clear drink.

[0036] Beneficial effects:

[0037] The preoperative Chinese medicinal beverage of the present invention can relieve perioperative insomnia through clinical empirical research; improve hunger and thirst discomfort during the waiting period for surgery; reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting; improve postoperative body metabolism, reduce insulin resistance, and promote postoperative recovery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the above and / or other advantages of the present invention will become more clear.

[0039] Figure 1 This is the standard working curve of glucose. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Example 1: Preparation of Chinese herbal medicine beverage

[0041] (1) 20g of longan pulp, 20g of sour jujube kernel, 30g of Fushen, 30g of lotus seeds, and 30g of red dates. Method of decoction of Chinese medicine: add 10 times the amount of water to the above five Chinese medicines by weight and soak for 1 hour, then boil over high heat and simmer over low heat for 30min, filter through 6 layers of gauze while hot after decoction, decoct the residue with 6 times the amount of water, boil over high heat and simmer for 15min, filter through 6 layers of gauze while hot, combine the two filtrates and pack them into 2 portions of Chinese medicine decoction (400mL in total, 200mL each).

[0042] (2) Mixing 200 mL of the Chinese medicine decoction (prepared in step (1)) with 25 g of maltodextrin to obtain a Chinese medicine drink, wherein the concentration of carbohydrates in the Chinese medicine drink is 12.5% ​​g / mL.

[0043] Example 2: Determination of sugar content of Chinese herbal decoctions and Chinese herbal beverages

[0044] 1. Reagent preparation

[0045] Preparation of phenol solution (concentration is 0.04 g / mL): Weigh 4 g of phenol solid, add a small amount of water to dissolve, transfer to a 100 mL volumetric flask, add water to the scale line, store in a dark place, and prepare before use.

[0046] 2. Preparation of test sample Chinese medicine decoction

[0047] The dosage ratio of each component in the Chinese medicine decoction and the preparation method are the same as step (1) in Example 1.

[0048] 3. Preparation of test Chinese herbal beverages

[0049] The dosage ratio of each component in the Chinese medicinal beverage and the preparation method are the same as those in Example 1.

[0050] 4. Preparation of standard curve

[0051] Preparation of glucose standard stock solution (613 μg / mL): Accurately weigh 61.3 mg of glucose reference substance, dissolve it in water, and make up to the volume in a 100 mL volumetric flask. The concentration of glucose in the glucose standard stock solution is 613 μg / mL.

[0052] Accurately pipette 1.0mL, 1.5mL, 2.0mL, 2.5mL, 3.0mL, 4.0mL, and 5.0mL of glucose standard stock solution into a 50mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to the mark, and obtain glucose solutions of different concentrations. Accurately pipette 2mL of each solution of the above different concentrations, and take 2mL of distilled water as a blank control, place in a stoppered test tube, add 1mL of phenol solution (prepared in "1. Reagent preparation") respectively, mix well, and quickly add 7.0mL of sulfuric acid respectively, and shake well; then place in a 100℃ water bath to keep warm for 30min, take out, place in an ice water bath for 5min, take out, use the corresponding reagent as a blank, and use a UV spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance value at a wavelength of 490nm. Draw a standard working curve with the mass of glucose in the solution as the horizontal axis and the absorbance value as the vertical axis. See Table 1 for the specific standard working curve measurement data table and the working curve diagram. Figure 1 .

[0053] Table 1 Glucose standard working curve determination data table

[0054]

[0055] 5. Sample determination

[0056] Preparation of test solution: Take 2 mL of sample, add 8 mL of anhydrous ethanol, shake well, place in a refrigerator at 4°C for 1 h, take out, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 20 min, discard the supernatant, wash the precipitate with 80 v / v% ethanol twice, 8 mL each time, centrifuge, discard the supernatant, dissolve the precipitate in hot water, transfer to a 25 mL volumetric flask, cool, add water to the scale, and shake well.

[0057] Take 2mL or 0.02mL (depending on the content of the test solution) of the test solution and place it in a 50mL stoppered test tube. Determine the absorbance according to the method of drawing the standard curve. Perform three parallel determinations (n=3). Find out the mass of glucose in the test solution according to the standard curve.

[0058] Among them, the samples in the preparation of the test solution are stock solutions A1, A2 and A3, and the prepared solutions B1, B2 and B3; the stock solutions A1, A2 and A3 are all Chinese herbal decoctions, and the prepared solutions B1, B2 and B3 are all corresponding Chinese herbal beverages containing 12.5% ​​g / mL carbohydrates. The specific measurement data are shown in Table 2.

[0059] The dosage ratio of the components in the stock solutions A1, A2, and A3 (traditional Chinese medicine decoctions) and the preparation method are the same as those in step (1) of Example 1; the dosage ratio of the components in the prepared solutions B1, B2, and B3 (traditional Chinese medicine beverages containing 12.5% ​​g / mL carbohydrates) and the preparation method are the same as those in Example 1.

[0060] Table 2 Polysaccharide content determination results

[0061]

[0062] Example 3: Determination of nutritional components of Chinese medicine decoction

[0063] The nutritional components of Chinese herbal medicine decoctions shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of the "Beverage General Responsibility". The moisture content shall be determined in accordance with GB / T 5009.3-2016, using the direct drying method to determine the moisture content; the ash content shall be determined in accordance with the method for determining total ash in food in GB5009.4-2016; the protein content shall be determined in accordance with the Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method in GB / T5009.5-2016, and the fat content shall be determined in accordance with the Soxhlet extraction method in GB / T5009.6-2016.

[0064] The Chinese medicine decoction prepared in Example 1 was centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 10 min to obtain a clear liquid, which was used to measure the moisture content, ash content, protein content and fat content. The results are as follows:

[0065] Moisture content: 98.03 ± 0.01%;

[0066] Ash content: 0.86 ± 0.02%;

[0067] Total protein content: 7.86±0.20mg / mL;

[0068] Fat content: 0.85±0.13mg / mL;

[0069] Total sugar (supernatant): 15.36±2.10 mg / mL.

[0070] Example 4: Safety test of Chinese herbal medicine beverage

[0071] All cases in this study were from the Department of Orthopedics of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 40 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis (refer to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis 2018 Edition) who were scheduled to undergo unilateral knee replacement were selected by random number table method, including 20 cases in the control group and 20 cases in the experimental group.

[0072] 1. Inclusion criteria

[0073] (1) Patients diagnosed with KOA, KL grade III-IV, who were scheduled to undergo unilateral knee replacement;

[0074] (2) Aged 45–80 years, regardless of gender;

[0075] (3) BMI index 18.5-24 kg / m 2 ;

[0076] (4) preoperative serum albumin level >30 g / L and hemoglobin >100 g / L;

[0077] (5) Sign the informed consent form.

[0078] 2. Exclusion criteria: Those who have any of the following conditions must be excluded:

[0079] (1) Patients with diabetes, stroke (swallowing disorder), tumor or other serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, excluding hypertension;

[0080] (2) patients with a history of gastric surgery or clear pyloric obstruction;

[0081] (3) Those who are allergic to or refuse to take Chinese medicine;

[0082] (4) Patients with severe or refractory insomnia;

[0083] (5) Patients with mental illness or who are unable to communicate properly;

[0084] (6) patients with severe postoperative complications such as multiple organ dysfunction, death, or transfer to the ICU after surgery who cannot be observed;

[0085] (7) Those who the researchers believe are not suitable for this clinical trial.

[0086] 3. Research plan

[0087] 3.1 Control Group

[0088] The perioperative accelerated rehabilitation program refers to the 2016 version of "Accelerated Recovery for Hip and Knee Replacement in China - Expert Consensus on Perioperative Management Strategies". The perioperative accelerated rehabilitation strategy includes patient education; nutritional support; anesthesia management; surgery by the same group of physicians (consistent surgical plan); perioperative blood management; infection prevention; prevention of deep vein thrombosis; optimization of analgesia regimen; reduction of indwelling urinary catheters and drainage tubes, and removal of indwelling catheters within 24 hours; and progressive functional exercises intervened by rehabilitation therapists.

[0089] 3.2. Experimental group (TCM beverage group)

[0090] Perioperative accelerated recovery measures are the same as above.

[0091] Method for taking the Chinese herbal beverage: fasting from solid food for 6 hours before surgery, taking 3 portions of preoperative Chinese herbal beverage orally 9 to 10 hours before surgery (1 portion of 200 mL, 3 portions of 600 mL in total), and taking 1 portion of preoperative Chinese herbal beverage orally 2 to 3 hours before surgery (1 portion of 200 mL); wherein the preoperative Chinese herbal beverage is prepared in Example 1.

[0092] 4. Observation indicators

[0093] 4.1 Baseline Characteristics

[0094] Including: gender, age, BMI, operation time, surgical method, and anesthesia time.

[0095] 4.2 Main clinical observation indicators

[0096] 4.2.2. Preoperative hunger and thirst assessment

[0097] Preoperative hunger and thirst were assessed using VAS scores, with a total score of 0 to 100 points. Higher scores represent higher levels of hunger or thirst.

[0098] 4.2.3 Sleep time the night before surgery and on the day of surgery

[0099] Sleep time on the night before surgery and on the day of surgery was recorded by the patients.

[0100] 4.2.4 Perioperative blood glucose level

[0101] The responsible nurse measured and recorded the patient's blood sugar level upon admission, 1 hour before surgery, and 1 hour after surgery.

[0102] 4.2.5 Incidence of nausea and vomiting within 24 hours after surgery

[0103] 5. Data Analysis

[0104] ① Measurement data: calculation of mean and standard deviation, statistical inference using t-test, paired t-test, rank sum test (Kruskal-Wallis method), etc.;

[0105] ② Count data: calculate the composition and distribution of each indicator, statistical inference chi-square test, rank sum test (Kruskal-Wallis method), etc.

[0106] 6. Research Results

[0107] 6.1 Baseline Comparison

[0108] There were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, operation time, surgical method, and anesthesia time between the two groups (P>0.05).

[0109] 6.2 Comparison of fasting and drinking time and preoperative hunger, thirst, and sleep between the two groups

[0110] Table 3 Comparison of fasting and drinking time between the two groups of patients

[0111] Grouping Preoperative fasting time (h) Preoperative fasting time (h) Experimental Group 7.64±1.2 2.64±0.37 Control group 7.82±1.4 8.64±2.11 t-value 0.164 27.546 p-value p＞0.05 p＜0.05

[0112] Table 4 Comparison of hunger, thirst and sleep between the two groups before surgery

[0113]

[0114] There was no difference in fasting time between the control group and the experimental group, but there was a statistical difference in fasting time (p < 0.05), as shown in Table 3. The hunger and thirst levels of the patients in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the sleep time of the patients in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group one day before surgery and one day after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05), as shown in Table 4.

[0115] The above experimental results show that oral administration of preoperative Chinese herbal beverages 9 to 10 hours before surgery and 2 to 3 hours before surgery can reduce patients' hunger and thirst before surgery, increase perioperative sleep time, and relieve perioperative insomnia.

[0116] 6.3 Comparison of the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the two groups within 24 hours after surgery

[0117] Table 5 Comparison of the incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients within 24 hours after surgery

[0118]

[0119] As shown in Table 5, 2 patients in the experimental group vomited, and 5 patients in the control group vomited, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The experimental results show that oral administration of preoperative Chinese medicine drinks 9 to 10 hours before surgery and 2 to 3 hours before surgery can effectively reduce the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

[0120] 6.4 Comparison of perioperative blood glucose between the two groups

[0121] Table 6 Comparison of perioperative blood glucose between the two groups

[0122]

[0123] As shown in Table 6, there was no significant difference in blood sugar levels between the two groups of patients at admission (P>0.05); there was a significant difference in blood sugar levels between the two groups of patients 1 hour before surgery and 1 hour after surgery (p<0.05).

[0124] The experimental results show that taking Chinese herbal medicine 9 to 10 hours before surgery and 2 to 3 hours before surgery can reduce insulin resistance, improve postoperative body metabolism, and promote postoperative recovery.

[0125] The present invention provides a preoperative Chinese medicine drink and its preparation method and application ideas and methods. There are many methods and ways to implement the technical solution. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims

1. A preoperative Chinese medicine drink for use in preparing a drink for consumption before hip and knee replacement surgery to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting, characterized in that: The Chinese medicinal beverage for preoperative use is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 servings of longan flesh; 20 portions of sour jujube kernels, 30 portions of Poria, 30 servings of lotus seeds, 30 servings of red dates; The Chinese medicinal beverage for preoperative use is prepared according to the following method: (1) adding water to the components in the above weight proportions and boiling them twice, filtering and obtaining a Chinese medicine decoction; (2) mixing the Chinese medicine decoction obtained in step (1) with carbohydrates to obtain a Chinese medicine drink; The carbohydrate is maltodextrin; In step (1), the mass volume ratio of the components in weight parts to the traditional Chinese medicine decoction is 13 g:40 mL; In step (2), the mass volume ratio of the carbohydrate to the Chinese medicine decoction is 1 g:8 mL; In step (2), the concentration of carbohydrates in the Chinese medicinal beverage is 12.5% ​​g / mL; No solid food should be taken 6 hours before surgery. 600 mL of preoperative Chinese herbal beverage should be taken orally 9 to 10 hours before surgery, and 200 mL of preoperative Chinese herbal beverage should be taken orally 2 to 3 hours before surgery.

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