Waveguide type filter and limiter integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device

Abstract

The application discloses a waveguide type filtering and limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device and belongs to the microwave technical field.The device comprises a rectangular waveguide shell, N pairs of inductive diaphragms arranged in the internal cavity of the rectangular waveguide shell, N-1 pairs of capacitive diaphragms, and a bias magnetic field generating assembly arranged outside; and YIG ferrite sheets are embedded in two pairs of the capacitive diaphragms. The inductive diaphragms and the capacitive diaphragms are arranged in the rectangular waveguide, and the YIG ferrite material is loaded in the capacitive diaphragms, so that the wide band frequency domain filtering protection is realized. Meanwhile, the transient nonlinear loss effect generated by the non-uniform precession of the magnetic moment of the YIG ferrite sheet is utilized, so that the high limiting isolation degree protection of the HPM electromagnetic pulse in the working bandwidth is realized. The application realizes the HPM electromagnetic environment protection function compatible with the frequency domain and the power domain in one microwave device, greatly reduces the volume of the whole microwave front end protection device, effectively reduces the loss in the system working passband, and meets the compactness requirement of the microwave receiver in the HPM electromagnetic environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microwave technology, specifically relating to a waveguide-type filter and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device. Background Technology

[0002] High-power microwaves (HPMs) refer to electromagnetic waves with peak power exceeding 100 MW and operating frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. They are characterized by high power, high frequency, and short pulses, and have important applications in both military and commercial fields. HPM electromagnetic pulse weapons utilize directional antennas to radiate high-power short pulses of electromagnetic waves towards targets, causing interference and damage to electronic systems.

[0003] Microwave receivers are crucial hardware components in modern communication systems, receiving and demodulating modulated signals. Widely used in electronic communications, broadcasting, navigation, radar, and microwave remote control systems, they are typical targets for HPM (High-Power Microwave) electromagnetic pulse (HPM) "front-door" attacks. A typical microwave receiver includes microwave front-end components such as a receiving antenna, filters, limiters, low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), and mixers. When HPM enters the system through the "front door," it can disrupt, degrade, or damage sensitive components like LNAs and mixers, potentially paralyzing the entire communication system. Effective filtering and limiting modules can provide "front-door" protection against HPM electromagnetic interference. Filtering modules can reflect high-power microwave signals outside the system's operating passband, while limiting modules within the passband sufficiently attenuate high-power microwave pulses, thus achieving electromagnetic protection in both the frequency and power domains. Traditional microwave receiver front-end system protection technologies include filtering and limiting. Out-of-band frequency domain protection is mainly accomplished by filters, while in-band protection uses limiters to suppress high-power electromagnetic pulse power. In terms of circuit layout, the two are usually presented as independent serial topologies, and their protection functions are independent of each other. In terms of principle and structure, they are not conducive to the miniaturization and integration of microwave receiver front-end. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings mentioned in the background art, the present invention proposes a waveguide-type filter and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] A waveguide-type filter and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device includes: a rectangular waveguide housing, N pairs of inductive diaphragms, and N-1 pairs of capacitive diaphragms.

[0007] Among them, N pairs of inductive diaphragms are arranged axially inside the rectangular waveguide housing, dividing the internal cavity of the rectangular waveguide housing into N-1 resonant cavities; a pair of capacitive diaphragms is arranged between two adjacent pairs of inductive diaphragms.

[0008] A pair of inductive diaphragms consists of two rectangular inductive diaphragms of the same size, symmetrically arranged on the two narrow sides of a rectangular waveguide housing.

[0009] A pair of capacitive diaphragms consists of two rectangular capacitive diaphragms of the same size, symmetrically arranged on the two wide sides of a rectangular waveguide housing.

[0010] The device is characterized by further comprising two YIG ferrite sheets and a bias magnetic field generating component.

[0011] The two YIG ferrite sheets are respectively disposed at the center of the openings of two pairs of capacitive films with minimum spacing. The thickness of the YIG ferrite sheet is the same as the thickness of the corresponding rectangular capacitive film, the height is the same as the opening spacing, and the width is one-half to two-thirds of the width of the rectangular capacitive film.

[0012] The bias magnetic field generating component is disposed outside the rectangular waveguide housing and is used to generate a bias magnetic field parallel to the microwave magnetic field direction at two pairs of YIG ferrite sheets.

[0013] Furthermore, the value of N is between 5 and 12.

[0014] Furthermore, all N pairs of inductive membranes have the same thickness; among the N-1 pairs of capacitive membranes, at least two pairs of capacitive membranes have different thicknesses.

[0015] Furthermore, the bias magnetic field generating component is a permanent magnet or a current coil.

[0016] Furthermore, the inductive diaphragm, the capacitive diaphragm, and the rectangular waveguide housing are all made of the same metallic material.

[0017] Furthermore, the material of the YIG ferrite sheet is a single-crystal or polycrystalline YIG ferrite gyromagnetic material.

[0018] This application achieves wide-stopband frequency domain filtering protection by placing inductive and capacitive diaphragms within the internal cavity of a rectangular waveguide housing and loading YIG ferrite material at the openings of the two pairs of capacitive diaphragms. Simultaneously, by utilizing the transient nonlinear loss effect generated by the non-uniform precession of the magnetic moment of the loaded YIG ferrite sheet, high-amplitude isolation protection against HPM electromagnetic pulses within the operating bandwidth is achieved. This protection device enables frequency-domain and power-domain compatible HPM electromagnetic environment protection within a single microwave device structure, significantly reducing the overall size of the microwave front-end protection device and effectively lowering losses within the system's operating passband. It meets the application requirements of compact microwave receiver systems in HPM electromagnetic environments.

[0019] In practical applications, microwave signals are input through one port of a rectangular waveguide and output through the other. In the frequency domain, the gyromagnetic thin films (inductive and capacitive films) act as low-loss dielectric materials. The loading of YIG ferrite thin films effectively suppresses the excitation of higher-order resonant modes, achieving parasitic passband suppression. Ultimately, this significantly extends the stopband bandwidth of the filter, achieving frequency domain protection. In the power domain, the transient nonlinear loss effect generated by the non-uniform precession of the magnetic moment in the loaded ferrite thin film is utilized: when the input microwave power exceeds a certain critical threshold, the nonlinear effect of the magnetic moment precession in the ferrite is sufficient to overcome natural losses, transferring energy exponentially to spin waves. These "half-frequency" spin waves transfer energy to the lattice, thus dissipating the power exceeding the critical threshold as heat within the ferrite. This effectively limits and isolates high-power microwave pulse signals, achieving power domain protection.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] 1. By loading ferrite material onto the waveguide bandpass filter, an integrated design for frequency and power domain protection of high-power microwave signals is achieved, significantly reducing the size of the microwave front-end protection system.

[0022] 2. Compared to gas discharge tubes (TR tubes), it has a shorter response time, can respond promptly to HPM with short rise times, and significantly reduce peak leakage energy.

[0023] 3. Due to the absence of a solid-state circuit sensitive PN junction, it has higher peak and continuous wave power capacity compared to solid-state PIN limiting protection circuit devices.

[0024] 4. The protective device is a passive structure. Except for the YIG ferrite sheet, the other components are made of all-metal materials. The processing technology is simple and the reliability is high.

[0025] 5. This application has a large primary limiting isolation characteristic, which greatly reduces the difficulty of subsequent electromagnetic environment protection design for microwave sensitive circuits (HPM). Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waveguide-type filter and amplitude-limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device in the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the xoy plane of the waveguide-type filter and amplitude-limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device in the embodiment.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the xoz side of the waveguide-type filter and amplitude-limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the loading position of the YIG ferrite sheet in the waveguide-type filter and amplitude-limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device in the embodiment.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation result diagram of the frequency domain scattering parameters of this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a simulation result diagram of the amplitude limiting isolation of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of the initial limiting level of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Rectangular waveguide shell; 2. Inductive diaphragm; 3. Capacitive diaphragm; 4. YIG ferrite sheet; 5. Resonant cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the passband center frequency is 9.6 GHz and the bandwidth is 600 MHz. Figure 1 As shown, the rectangular waveguide housing (1) adopts the standard rectangular waveguide BJ100 (wide side length a = 22.86 mm, narrow side length b = 10.16 mm, TE10 mode cutoff frequency is 6.56 GHz), and the material is aluminum. Inside the rectangular waveguide housing, 6 pairs of aluminum inductive diaphragms (2) with a thickness of t = 0.65 mm are arranged along the axial direction of the narrow side (i.e., N is 6). The 6 pairs of inductive diaphragms divide the rectangular waveguide housing into 5 resonant cavities (5); see Figure 2 From left to right, the distances between two adjacent pairs of sensory membranes are l1, l2, l3, l4, and l5, where l1 = l5 = 6.2 mm, l2 = l4 = 6.4 mm, and l3 = 9.3 mm. The distances (i.e., opening sizes) between the two rectangular sensory membranes in a pair of sensory membranes are d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, and d6, where d1 = d6 = 14.2 mm, d2 = d5 = 13.5 mm, and d3 = d4 = 11.2 mm.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a pair of aluminum capacitive diaphragms are disposed at the center of each resonant cavity. Figure 3As shown, from left to right, the spacing (opening size) of the two rectangular capacitive membranes in a pair of capacitive membranes are h1, h2, h3, h4, and h5, respectively, where h1 = h5 = 2.1 mm, h2 = h4 = 1 mm, and h3 = 1.8 mm.

[0038] The capacitive membranes of the same pair have the same thickness. From left to right, the thicknesses of the capacitive membranes are t1, t2, t3, t4, and t5, respectively, where t1 = t5 = 2.2 mm, t2 = t4 = 4.5 mm, and t3 = 0.9 mm.

[0039] like Figure 2-4 As shown, in this embodiment, the two pairs of capacitive membranes with the smallest spacing have YIG ferrite sheets (4) loaded at the center of their openings. The YIG ferrite sheets are the same size, with a length of L = 12 mm, a width of W = 4.5 mm, and a height of 1 mm. The resonant linewidth ΔH of the YIG ferrite sheets is ≤ 35 Oe, and the spin wave linewidth ΔH k ≤2Oe, saturation magnetization 4πM S =1780Gs, relative permittivity ε r =14.5, with an external bias magnetic field h ext =1200Gs.

[0040] In the frequency domain (out-of-band), such as Figure 5 As shown, the frequency domain protection characteristics of an example of the present invention are illustrated. Figure 5 It is known that the upper limit of the 40dB stopband suppression frequency band is 17.8GHz, meaning that HPM signals outside the receiver's operating bandwidth cannot pass through this protection structure due to frequency domain reflection, thus effectively protecting back-end microwave sensitive devices.

[0041] In the power domain (in-band), this embodiment of the invention utilizes the transient nonlinear loss effect generated by the non-uniform precession of the magnetic moment in the YIG ferrite sheet: when the input microwave power exceeds a certain critical threshold, the nonlinear effect of the magnetic moment precession in the ferrite is sufficient to overcome natural losses, transferring energy exponentially to spin waves. These "half-frequency" spin waves transfer energy to the lattice, thereby dissipating HPM exceeding the critical threshold in the ferrite as heat, thus realizing the broadband in-band power protection function of the microwave receiver.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the limiting isolation characteristics of the protective device according to an embodiment of the present invention are illustrated. Figure 6 It can be seen that the limiting isolation of the present invention increases with the increase of the input HPM power and eventually tends to stabilize. This is because the nonlinear loss of ferrite under high power microwave has a "saturation" effect. Taking a pulse width of 100ns as an example, with an input power of 16kW, the limiting isolation can reach 20dB.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, HPM protection is achieved by utilizing the transient nonlinear loss effect generated by the non-uniform precession of YIG ferrite sheets in the power domain. The critical limiting threshold of the YIG ferrite under high-power microwave incident signals varies with different pulse widths, meaning the initial limiting level of this protection device differs. To illustrate the limiting level of this protection device under different pulse widths... Figure 7 The limiting level characteristics of the protection device are given, by Figure 7 It can be seen that the initial limiting level of the present invention gradually decreases as the pulse width of the incident HPM signal increases. Taking a 100ns pulse width as an example, the initial limiting level of the present invention is 67W.

[0044] As can be seen from the above examples, the waveguide-type filtering and limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device based on gyromagnetic dielectric sheet loading provided by the present invention can complete the out-of-band wideband protection function and the in-band power domain limiting protection function in the HPM electromagnetic environment. It greatly reduces the size of the microwave front-end protection system, which greatly reduces the technical difficulty of subsequent protection circuit design. Generally, low-power integrated limiting low-noise amplifier devices can meet the requirements.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, whether directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waveguide-type filter and amplitude-limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device, comprising: A rectangular waveguide housing, N pairs of inductive diaphragms, and N-1 pairs of capacitive diaphragms; Among them, N pairs of inductive diaphragms are arranged axially inside the rectangular waveguide housing, dividing the internal cavity of the rectangular waveguide housing into N-1 resonant cavities; a pair of capacitive diaphragms is arranged between two adjacent pairs of inductive diaphragms; A pair of inductive diaphragms consists of two rectangular inductive diaphragms of the same size, symmetrically arranged on the two narrow sides of a rectangular waveguide housing; A pair of capacitive diaphragms consists of two rectangular capacitive diaphragms of the same size, symmetrically arranged on the two wide sides of a rectangular waveguide housing; The device is characterized by further comprising two YIG ferrite sheets and a bias magnetic field generating component; The two YIG ferrite sheets are respectively disposed at the center of the opening of two pairs of capacitive films with the minimum spacing. The thickness of the YIG ferrite sheet is the same as the thickness of the corresponding rectangular capacitive film, the height is the same as the opening spacing, and the width is one-half to two-thirds of the width of the rectangular capacitive film. The bias magnetic field generating component is disposed outside the rectangular waveguide housing and is used to generate a bias magnetic field parallel to the microwave magnetic field direction at two pairs of YIG ferrite sheets.

2. The waveguide-type filtering and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The value of N is between 5 and 12.

3. The waveguide-type filtering and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, All N pairs of inductive membranes have the same thickness; among the N-1 pairs of capacitive membranes, at least two pairs of capacitive membranes have different thicknesses.

4. The waveguide-type filtering and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bias magnetic field generating component is a permanent magnet or a current coil.

5. The waveguide-type filtering and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The inductive diaphragm, capacitive diaphragm, and rectangular waveguide housing are all made of the same metallic material.

6. The waveguide-type filtering and amplitude limiting integrated HPM electromagnetic pulse protection device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The YIG ferrite sheet is made of single-crystal or polycrystalline YIG ferrite gyromagnetic material.

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