Wastewater treatment system and wastewater treatment method

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a sewage treatment system and a sewage treatment method. The sewage treatment system comprises a reactor unit, a sewage supply unit and a sludge backflow unit. The reactor unit comprises a device body with a reaction cavity filled with activated sludge and biological filler; the device body is provided with a sludge backflow port at the top end. The sewage supply unit supplies sewage into the reaction cavity. The sludge backflow unit comprises a sedimentation tank and a backflow pipeline. The liquid flowing out of the effluent pipeline is configured to be subjected to sedimentation separation in the sedimentation tank, and the separated activated sludge is configured to be transported to the sludge backflow port through the backflow pipeline to flow back into the reaction cavity. The sewage treatment system provided by the present disclosure can prevent sludge loss, reduce activated sludge loss, and improve the utilization rate of activated sludge, thereby providing a low-consumption, high-efficiency and good sewage treatment effect sewage treatment system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the fields of wastewater treatment and water resource reuse, specifically to a wastewater treatment system and a wastewater treatment method. Background Technology

[0002] Partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is an autotrophic nitrogen removal process based on the principle of anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Compared with the traditional nitrification-denitrification process, it has advantages such as no need for external carbon sources, low residual sludge production, and energy savings, making it an effective process for achieving carbon reduction and energy conservation in water treatment. The accumulation of biomass from active microorganisms in anaerobic ammonium oxidation is very slow and has a long cycle. Nitrification and denitrification are generally considered to be two ideal pathways for nitrite formation.

[0003] Reactor configuration is a crucial factor influencing biological nitrogen removal, as different configurations create different flow fields. Current PNA wastewater treatment systems suffer from unstable operational performance and inappropriate reactor configurations, among other pressing technical issues. Furthermore, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANA) process involves a long doubling period for active microorganisms, significant sludge loss during operation, and a lengthy start-up period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a wastewater treatment system and a wastewater treatment method to address the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a wastewater treatment system is provided, comprising:

[0006] The reactor unit includes a device body with a reaction chamber inside, which is filled with activated sludge and biological packing material; the device body is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, the outlet pipe being configured to be located at the upper part of the device body; a sludge return port is also provided at the top of the device body.

[0007] A wastewater supply unit is connected to the inlet pipe and is configured to supply wastewater into the reaction chamber;

[0008] The sludge return unit includes a sedimentation tank and a return pipeline. The effluent pipeline is configured to connect to the sedimentation tank, and one end of the return pipeline is configured to connect to the bottom of the sedimentation tank, while the other end is configured to connect to the sludge return port. The liquid flowing out from the effluent pipeline is configured to undergo sedimentation separation in the sedimentation tank, and the separated activated sludge is configured to be transported through the return pipeline to the sludge return port for return to the reaction chamber.

[0009] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the reactor unit further includes an inner cylinder and an aeration assembly. The inner cylinder is housed within the reaction chamber and divides the reaction chamber into a first chamber connected to the inlet pipe and a second chamber connected to the outlet pipe. The aeration assembly is disposed at the bottom of the reaction chamber and has an aeration port. The aeration port is configured to aerate air into the first chamber from bottom to top along the axial direction of the inner cylinder, so that an upward flow is formed in the first chamber and a downward flow is formed in the second chamber.

[0010] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the reactor unit further includes a flow guiding assembly connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder, and the flow guiding assembly includes a first flow guiding portion and a second flow guiding portion connected sequentially from top to bottom along the axial direction of the inner cylinder, wherein the circumferential sidewall of the first flow guiding portion is provided with through holes, so that the downward flow enters the first chamber at least partially through the through holes and enters the first chamber at least partially through the bottom end of the second flow guiding portion.

[0011] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the first flow guide is configured as a hollow frustum that gradually narrows from top to bottom, and the second flow guide is configured as a hollow frustum that gradually expands from top to bottom; the top end of the first flow guide is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inner cylinder, and the top end of the second flow guide is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first flow guide.

[0012] In one embodiment of this disclosure, twelve through holes are provided on the sidewall of the first flow guide portion, and the twelve through holes are configured to be evenly distributed along the circumferential sidewall of the first flow guide portion; the area of ​​the twelve through holes accounts for 23% to 29% of the surface area of ​​the sidewall of the first flow guide portion.

[0013] In one embodiment of this disclosure, both the activated sludge and the biological packing material are electrically conductive; a metal conductive mesh is disposed on the surface of the first flow guide, and the metal conductive mesh is configured to adsorb the activated sludge and biological packing material in the reaction chamber when energized.

[0014] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the wastewater treatment system further includes a power supply unit configured to supply power to the metal conductive mesh; the power supply unit includes a current control component configured to control the power supply unit to switch operating modes according to a predetermined pulse period.

[0015] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the power supply unit has a power supply mode and a pause mode; the ratio of the duration of the power supply mode to the duration of the pause mode is 1:5.

[0016] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the reactor unit further includes a cylindrical guide vane, which is coaxially arranged with the inner cylinder and configured to be located at the upper part of the inner cylinder; the cylindrical guide vane divides the second chamber into a guide chamber and a peripheral chamber; the upward flow is configured to enter the guide chamber to form a downward flow within the cylindrical guide vane; the downward flow is configured to flow from the bottom of the cylindrical guide vane to the peripheral chamber to flow to the guide assembly.

[0017] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the wastewater treatment system further includes an aeration unit, the aeration unit including an airflow control mechanism configured to control aeration parameters of the aeration components, the aeration parameters including at least one of aeration flow rate, aeration rate, and air-to-water ratio.

[0018] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the reactor unit further includes a thermostatic component for providing predetermined temperature conditions. The thermostatic component includes a jacket circumferentially surrounding the sidewall of the reaction chamber, the jacket being filled with a heat transfer medium. A medium inlet and a medium outlet communicating with the jacket are respectively provided on opposite radial sides of the reaction chamber, with the medium inlet positioned lower than the medium outlet. The wastewater treatment system further includes a thermostatic medium container, the outlet of which is connected to the medium inlet, and the inlet of which is connected to the medium outlet.

[0019] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the biofiller is made of at least one of the following materials: graphene polymer composite material, biochar three-dimensional graphene composite material, and graphene three-dimensional assembly material; and the volume of a single filler particle of the biofiller is 0.1-1 cm3, the density is 0.015-0.025 g / cm3, the porosity is 92-98.2%, the graphene content is 0.5-0.9%, and the specific surface area is 70.0-80.0 m2 / g.

[0020] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a wastewater treatment method is also provided, applied to the wastewater treatment system described in the first aspect of this disclosure, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] Biological packing material and activated sludge are introduced into the reaction chamber of the reactor unit;

[0022] The wastewater supply unit pumps wastewater into the first chamber through the inlet pipe, so that the wastewater is mixed with biological packing material and activated sludge to carry out the reaction.

[0023] After the reaction is complete, the liquid flowing out through the effluent pipe enters the sedimentation tank for settling and separation, and the separated activated sludge is transported back to the reaction chamber through the return pipe.

[0024] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes: activating the aeration assembly to form an upward flow in the first chamber and a downward flow in the second chamber; wherein the downward flow enters the first chamber at least partially through a through hole on the circumferential sidewall of the first guide portion and at least partially through the bottom end of the second guide portion.

[0025] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes: a power supply unit energizing a metal conductive grid according to a predetermined pulse cycle, wherein the ratio of power supply duration to pause duration is 1:5.

[0026] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes controlling the temperature of the mixture of wastewater, biological packing material and activated sludge to 30-40°C using a constant temperature component.

[0027] One beneficial effect of this disclosure is that by setting up a sludge return unit, the liquid flowing out of the effluent pipe flows into the sedimentation tank for settling and separation. The activated sludge obtained from the settling and separation can be transported back to the reaction chamber through the return pipe for reuse in the reaction. This arrangement prevents sludge loss, reduces activated sludge consumption, and improves the utilization rate of activated sludge, thus providing a low-consumption, high-efficiency, and effective wastewater treatment system. Furthermore, placing the sludge return port at the top of the device body allows the activated sludge returning to the reaction chamber to enter from above, ensuring sufficient contact with the wastewater during its downward settling process, thereby maximizing its water purification effect.

[0028] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wastewater treatment system disclosed herein;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reactor unit disclosed herein;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow guiding component disclosed herein;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a top view of the first guide section disclosed herein;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main body of the disclosed device and the constant temperature component;

[0035] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder structure disclosed herein;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical flow guide disclosed in this paper.

[0037] Figures 1 to 7 The one-to-one correspondence between the component names and the reference numerals in the figures is as follows:

[0038] 100. Reactor Unit; 1. Device Body; 11. Aeration Port; 12. Inlet Pipeline; 13. Outlet Pipeline; 14. Dosing Port; 15. Sludge Discharge Port; 16. Sludge Return Port; 2. Inner Cylinder; 21. First Chamber; 22. Second Chamber; 23. First Fixing Frame; 24. Flow Hole; 3. Flow Guiding Assembly; 31. First Flow Guiding Section; 311. Through Hole; 32. Second Flow Guiding Section; 33. Metal Conductive Mesh; 4. Cylindrical Flow Guide; 41. Flow Guiding Chamber; 42. Outer Chamber; 43. Second Fixing Frame; 5. Thermostatic Assembly; 51. Jacket; 52. Media Inlet; 53. Media Outlet; 6. Biological Packing Material;

[0039] 200. Wastewater supply unit; 201. Substrate tank; 202. Inlet pump;

[0040] 300. Sludge return unit; 301. Sedimentation tank; 302. Sludge return pump;

[0041] 400. Power supply unit; 401. Current control component; 402. Power supply;

[0042] 500. Aeration unit; 501. Aeration pump; 502. Airflow control mechanism;

[0043] 600. Constant temperature medium container. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0045] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this disclosure or its application or use.

[0046] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0047] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0048] In this article, terms such as "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate the relative positional relationship between related parts, rather than to define the absolute position of these related parts.

[0049] In this article, "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish one another, and not to indicate degree of importance, order, or prerequisite for each other.

[0050] In this document, terms such as “equal” and “same” are not strict mathematical and / or geometric limitations, but also include errors that are understandable to those skilled in the art and permissible in manufacturing or use.

[0051] This disclosure provides a wastewater treatment system, including a reactor unit, a wastewater supply unit, and a sludge return unit. The reactor unit is the core structure for wastewater treatment, serving as the primary site for the partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) reaction. The reactor unit includes a main body with a reaction chamber filled with activated sludge and biological packing material. Both the activated sludge and the biological packing material are capable of harboring various microorganisms. These microorganisms feed on organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other harmful substances in the wastewater, thereby biodegrading the pollutants and purifying the water to meet discharge standards.

[0052] The device body is equipped with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, with the outlet pipe located at the top of the device body. Specifically, a wastewater supply unit is connected to the inlet pipe and configured to supply wastewater to the reaction chamber. The outlet pipe can be located on the upper side wall of the device body. When the reaction chamber reaches its maximum volume, the treated water in the reactor unit can overflow from the outlet pipe to the outside of the device body. The overflowing water can be collected and reused or discharged harmlessly. A sludge return port is also provided at the top of the device body.

[0053] The sludge return unit includes a sedimentation tank and a return pipeline. The effluent pipeline is configured to connect to the sedimentation tank, and one end of the return pipeline is configured to connect to the bottom of the sedimentation tank, while the other end is configured to connect to the sludge return port. The liquid flowing out of the effluent pipeline is configured to undergo sedimentation separation in the sedimentation tank, and the separated activated sludge is configured to be transported through the return pipeline to the sludge return port for return to the reaction chamber.

[0054] The purified water flowing out of the effluent pipe contains some activated sludge suspended on the upper part of the device. To prevent sludge loss, the liquid overflowing from the effluent pipe needs to be separated by sedimentation. The liquid flowing into the sedimentation tank can settle for a period of time. After the activated sludge mixed with the purified water has settled to the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the activated sludge is collected and transported back to the reaction chamber through the return pipe. This prevents sludge loss, helps maintain the wastewater treatment capacity of the reaction system, and enhances the stability of the reaction system.

[0055] This disclosure utilizes a sludge return unit to allow liquid flowing from the effluent pipe to enter a sedimentation tank for settling and separation. The activated sludge obtained from the settling separation can be transported back to the reaction chamber through a return pipe for reuse in the reaction. This design prevents sludge loss, reduces activated sludge consumption, and improves the utilization rate of activated sludge, thus providing a low-consumption, high-efficiency wastewater treatment system with good wastewater treatment effects. Furthermore, placing the sludge return port at the top of the device allows the activated sludge returning to the reaction chamber to enter from above, ensuring sufficient contact with the wastewater during its downward settling process, thereby maximizing its water purification effect.

[0056] The specific embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This disclosure provides a wastewater treatment system, including: a reactor unit 100, a wastewater supply unit 200, and a sludge return unit 300. The reactor unit 100 is the core structure for wastewater treatment, specifically the main site where partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) reactions occur. Figure 2 As shown, the reactor unit 100 includes a device body 1, inside which is a reaction chamber filled with activated sludge and biological packing material 6. Both the activated sludge and the biological packing material 6 can harbor various microorganisms. These microorganisms can feed on harmful substances such as organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the wastewater, thereby biodegrading the pollutants in the wastewater, purifying the water quality, and achieving discharge standards.

[0058] Biological packing material 6 can adsorb pollutants, optimize the biological community structure and micro-ecological environment, and form a multi-microbial synergistic micro-environment system with different outer and inner layers, enhancing the simultaneous removal efficiency of nutrients. Biological packing material 6 features high mechanical strength, lightweight, large specific area, and high porosity. It not only serves as a carrier for microbial attachment, growth, and reproduction but also helps increase the retention time of activated sludge, effectively retaining sludge and reducing start-up time. In practical applications of municipal wastewater treatment, fluidized bed packing materials with ammonia nitrogen adsorption capabilities are often selected. The adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by the packing material creates localized high-concentration environmental conditions, optimizing the micro-ecological environment, promoting the growth and accumulation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and inhibiting nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, thus improving the stability of the nitrite formation process.

[0059] Continue to refer to Figure 2 The device body is equipped with an inlet pipe 12 and an outlet pipe 13, with the outlet pipe 13 configured to be located at the upper part of the device body 1. Specifically, refer to... Figure 1 The wastewater supply unit 200 is connected to the inlet pipe 12 and is configured to supply wastewater into the reaction chamber.

[0060] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 1 As shown, the wastewater supply unit 200 may include a substrate tank 201, an inlet pump 202, and connecting pipes. The substrate tank 201 stores wastewater to be treated. The outlet of the substrate tank 201 is connected to the inlet pipe 12 on the device body via the connecting pipes. The inlet pump 202 is installed on the connecting pipes and can be controlled by a control server. When the control server sends an inlet signal to the inlet pump 202, the wastewater in the substrate tank 201 is pumped into the reaction chamber of the device body 1 for purification. Specifically, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) can be controlled to be 1-6 hours. After 1-6 hours, the wastewater in the reaction chamber can achieve denitrification and purification. The control server can first control the outlet pipe 13 to discharge the purified water from the reaction chamber, and then send an inlet signal to the inlet pump 202 to achieve continuous reaction.

[0061] The outlet pipe 13 can be located on the upper side wall of the device body 1. When the reaction chamber reaches its upper volume limit, or when the liquid in the reaction chamber reaches the predetermined hydraulic residence time, the purified water treated in the reactor unit can overflow from the outlet pipe 13 to the outside of the device body 1. The overflowed purified water can be collected and reused, or it can be discharged harmlessly. A sludge return port 16 is also provided at the top of the device body 1.

[0062] The sludge return unit 300 includes a sedimentation tank 301 and a return pipeline, such as Figure 1As shown, a sludge return pump 302 can be installed on the return pipeline. The effluent pipeline 13 is configured to connect to the sedimentation tank 301, one end of the return pipeline is configured to connect to the bottom of the sedimentation tank 301, and the other end is configured to connect to the sludge return port 16. The liquid flowing out of the effluent pipeline 13 is configured to undergo sedimentation and separation in the sedimentation tank 301, and the separated activated sludge is configured to be transported to the sludge return port 16 through the return pipeline under the action of the sludge return pump 302, so as to return to the reaction chamber.

[0063] The purified water flowing out of the effluent pipe 13 contains some activated sludge suspended on the upper part of the device body 1. To prevent sludge loss, the liquid overflowing from the effluent pipe 13 needs to be separated by sedimentation. The liquid introduced into the sedimentation tank 301 can settle for a period of time. After the activated sludge mixed in the purified water settles to the bottom of the sedimentation tank 301, the activated sludge is collected and transported back to the reaction chamber through the sludge return pump 302 and the return pipe. This prevents sludge loss, helps maintain the wastewater treatment capacity of the reaction system, and enhances the stability of the reaction system.

[0064] This disclosure incorporates a sludge return unit 300, allowing liquid flowing from the effluent pipe to enter a sedimentation tank 301 for settling and separation. The activated sludge obtained from the settling separation can be transported back to the reaction chamber via a return pipe for reuse in the reaction. This design prevents sludge loss, reduces activated sludge consumption, and improves the utilization rate of activated sludge, thus providing a low-consumption, high-efficiency wastewater treatment system with good wastewater treatment effects. Furthermore, placing the sludge return port 16 at the top of the device body 1 allows the activated sludge returning to the reaction chamber to enter from above, ensuring sufficient contact with the wastewater during its downward settling process, thereby maximizing its water purification effect.

[0065] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 2 As shown, the reactor unit 100 further includes an inner cylinder 2 and an aeration assembly. The inner cylinder 2 is housed within the reaction chamber and divides the reaction chamber into a first chamber 21 connected to the inlet pipe 12 and a second chamber 22 connected to the outlet pipe 13. The inner cylinder 2 can be a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. For ease of description, the space inside the cylinder is named the first chamber 21, and the space outside the cylinder is named the second chamber 22. Neither the first chamber 21 nor the second chamber 22 is a closed chamber space; the first chamber 21 can communicate with the second chamber 22 from the top and bottom of the inner cylinder 2. The mixture filling the reaction chamber fills both the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22.

[0066] An aeration assembly is located at the bottom of the reaction chamber and has an aeration port 11. The aeration port 11 is configured to aerate the first chamber 21 from bottom to top along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 2, so that an upward flow is formed in the first chamber 21 and a downward flow is formed in the second chamber 22. The aeration port 11 is located at the center of the bottom of the device body 1. During aeration, the mixture in the reaction chamber is in a three-phase state of gas, liquid, and solid. The mixture can follow the airflow to form an upward flow at the center of the device body 1 in the first chamber 21. When it rises to a certain height, under the action of gravity, the mixture can form a downward flow in the outer second chamber 22. Part of the downward flow can flow to the flow guide assembly 3 located at the bottom and flow back into the first chamber 21. Under the blowing action of the aeration assembly, the mixture flowing back into the first chamber 21 can form an upward flow again.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the inlet pipe 12 is connected to the first chamber 21 and is configured to transport sewage to the bottom of the inner cylinder 2. The inlet pipe 12 directly delivers sewage to the bottom of the inner cylinder 2, that is, directly to the location adjacent to the aeration components. This allows the sewage to start circulating immediately under the action of the aeration components after entering the device, thereby accelerating the circulation startup speed.

[0068] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference continues to be made to... Figure 2 The reactor unit 100 further includes a flow guiding assembly 3, which is connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder 2. The flow guiding assembly 3 includes a first flow guiding section 31 and a second flow guiding section 32 connected sequentially from top to bottom along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 2. The first flow guiding section 31 has through holes 311 distributed on its circumferential sidewall, allowing the downward flow to enter the first chamber 21 at least partially through the through holes 311 and at least partially through the bottom end of the second flow guiding section 32. The first flow guiding section 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder 2, and the second flow guiding section 32 is fixed to the bottom of the first flow guiding section 31. The components can be fixed together by welding or bonding, and this integrated design simplifies the reactor structure and makes it easier to manufacture. The downward flow can flow back into the first chamber 21 from the through holes 311 on the sidewall of the first flow guiding section 31, or it can flow back into the first chamber 21 from the bottom end of the second flow guiding section 32. This device provides two return flow paths, thereby optimizing the flow field in the reaction chamber, improving the hydraulic conditions within the reaction chamber, and enhancing the wastewater treatment effect.

[0069] It should be noted that not all the downward flow in the second chamber 22 will flow to the first chamber 21 through the two return channels provided by the flow guiding assembly 3. Because the flow field in the reaction chamber includes gas, liquid, and solid phases, its actual flow field is very complex, and not all fluids will follow the preset path of the device. The first flow guiding section 31 and the second flow guiding section 32 only serve as two return channels to enable the device to have a dual-circulation function. The specific operation of the flow field also depends on the combined effect of other external conditions (such as controlling the flow rate of sewage into the device, controlling the aeration intensity, etc.) to prolong the contact time between the activated sludge, biological packing material, and sewage, thereby achieving the best treatment effect.

[0070] This disclosure, by providing a flow guiding assembly 3 with a first flow guiding section 31 and a second flow guiding section 32, allows the downward flow in the second chamber 22 to return to the first chamber 21 from two locations: the downward flow can enter the first chamber 21 either through the through hole 311 on the side wall of the first flow guiding section 31 or from the bottom end of the second flow guiding section 32. This achieves a dual-channel internal circulation within the reaction chamber, enhancing the contact and collision of the contents and optimizing the flow field within the reaction chamber. The reactor unit 100 provided by this disclosure has a compact structure, low energy consumption, and high efficiency, improving wastewater treatment performance, perfecting reactor configuration, and enabling efficient and stable operation of partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation.

[0071] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 3 The first guide section 31 is constructed as a hollow frustum that gradually narrows from top to bottom, and the second guide section 32 is constructed as a hollow frustum that gradually expands from top to bottom. The top end of the first guide section 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inner cylinder 2, and the top end of the second guide section 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first guide section 31. Part of the fluid in the second chamber 22 can flow down along the outer wall of the first guide section 31, which gradually narrows from top to bottom, and part of the fluid can flow directly into the interior of the first guide section 31, i.e., into the first chamber 21, through the through hole 311. Part of the fluid in the second chamber 22 can flow down along the outer wall of the second guide section 32, which gradually expands from top to bottom. When it reaches the bottom, under the action of the aeration assembly, part of the fluid can enter the second guide section 32 from the bottom end, i.e., into the first chamber 21. When the mixed fluid in the first chamber 21 flows through the flow guide component 3, the diameter of the structure through which it flows first shrinks and then expands. The change in diameter will cause changes in the flow velocity and the internal pressure of the fluid, thereby further optimizing the flow field.

[0072] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 4The first guide section 31 has twelve through holes 311 on its sidewall, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential sidewall of the first guide section 31. When fluid flows into the first chamber 21 through the twelve through holes 311, twelve upward flows are formed in the first chamber 21 under the action of the aeration component. These multiple upward flows can further optimize the flow field, enhance the shear force of the fluid, and improve the mixing effect.

[0073] The area of ​​the twelve through holes 311 accounts for 23% to 29% of the surface area of ​​the sidewall of the first guide section 31. For example... Figure 3 As shown, twelve rectangular through holes 311 can be provided on the side wall of the first guide section 31. Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper diameter of the first guide section 31 is 50 mm, the lower diameter is 20 mm, and the size of the through holes 311 is 12 mm * 4 mm. The ratio of the area occupied by the through holes 311 to the remaining area on the first guide section 31 is 0.3 to 0.4. If the through holes 311 are set too large, it will be difficult to form multiple fluid streams, which is not conducive to enhancing the shear force of the fluid. If the through holes 311 are set too small, for example, set in a structure similar to a screen, the activated sludge and biological packing 6 will easily clog the through holes 311, which is not conducive to fluid circulation. The through holes 311 can also play a certain role in controlling sludge and preventing activated sludge from settling and accumulating at the bottom of the inner cylinder 2.

[0074] In one embodiment of this disclosure, both the activated sludge and the biological packing material are electrically conductive. For example... Figure 3 As shown, a metal conductive mesh 33 is provided on the surface of the first guide section 31. The metal conductive mesh 33 is configured to adsorb the activated sludge and biological packing material 6 in the reaction chamber when energized. Electrodes can be provided on the inner cylinder 2, or the electrodes can be located at other positions close to the metal conductive mesh 33 on the first guide section 31.

[0075] When energized, the metal conductive mesh 33 fixed on the outer wall of the first guide section 31 can adsorb the highly conductive biological filler 6 and activated sludge. Electrical stimulation can affect the bacterial community: on the one hand, conductivity can promote the growth and reproduction of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and strengthen the synergistic effect with other bacteria, which can not only efficiently treat ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, but also degrade recalcitrant organic matter in wastewater; on the other hand, the sludge system composed of conductive suspended biological filler 6, suspended activated sludge and granular sludge can effectively overcome the unfavorable conditions in wastewater treatment.

[0076] Furthermore, the wastewater treatment system of this disclosure also includes a power supply unit 400, which is configured to supply power to the metal conductive mesh 33. For example... Figure 1As shown, the power supply unit 400 includes a current control component 401 and a power supply 402. The current control component 401 is configured to control the power supply unit 400 to switch operating modes according to a predetermined pulse period.

[0077] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the power supply unit 400 has a power supply mode and a pause mode, with the ratio of the power supply mode duration to the pause mode duration being 1:5. For example, with one hour as a cycle, the current control component 401 can control the power supply 402 to pause for fifty minutes every ten minutes of power supply, thereby providing an intermittent electric field to the metal conductive mesh 33. Under the action of the intermittent electric field, the start-up time of the sewage treatment system can be reduced. In addition, the sewage treatment system can also achieve rapid start-up by utilizing the movement of the conductive biological packing material 6 in the reaction chamber under the influence of the electric field.

[0078] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the material of the biological filler 6 is selected from at least one of the following: graphene polymer composite material, biochar three-dimensional graphene composite material, and graphene three-dimensional assembly material. Because graphene composite materials possess high mechanical strength, are lightweight, have a large specific surface area, and exhibit good hydrophobicity and electrical conductivity, they can serve as a site for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Their interior can accumulate matrices such as ammonia nitrogen, promoting the growth and proliferation of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria on the carrier, flocculating microorganisms, and enhancing the removal capacity of pollutants.

[0079] For example, graphene-based polymer composite materials can be made from graphene-based polyurethane foam. The foam filler has high mechanical strength, bonds tightly to graphene, and is less prone to clogging due to the formation of small solid particles under the shear force of water flow.

[0080] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the biological filler 6 has a single filler particle volume of 0.1–1 cm³, a density of 0.015–0.025 g / cm³, a porosity of 92–98.2%, a graphene weight content of 0.5–0.9%, and a specific surface area of ​​70.0–80.0 m² / g. Further, in a specific embodiment of this disclosure, the biological filler 6 is a 0.5*0.5*0.5 cm graphene sponge block with a density of 21.88 g / L, a porosity of 98.2%, a porosity of 176.4 m² / g, and a graphene content of 0.81 wt.%, added at a dosage of 2–5 g / L.

[0081] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 2 and Figure 6The inner cylinder 2 is hollow and is configured to be fixed inside the device body 1 by a first support. The first support includes at least two first fixing brackets 23 evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner cylinder 2. One end of the first fixing bracket 23 is connected to the top of the inner cylinder 2, and the other end is connected to the top of the device body 1. Specifically, one end of the first fixing bracket 23 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cylinder 2, and the other end is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the lower end face of the first fixing frame 23 can be fixed to the top surface of the device body 1 via a flange connection. Using the above scheme, the inner cylinder 2 is supported and fixed by the first fixing frame 23, resulting in a simple structure and convenient assembly and disassembly. Of course, it is understood that the inner cylinder 2 can also be fixed inside the reaction chamber by other means.

[0082] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 2 and Figure 6 The inner cylinder 2 has an overflow hole 24 on its upper sidewall. The upward flow formed in the first chamber 21 is configured to overflow into the second chamber 22 through the overflow hole 24 to form a downward flow. The upward flow in the first chamber 21 can overflow from the overflow hole 24, thereby forming a downward flow in the second chamber 22. Figure 5 As shown, the present disclosure uses a rectangular flow hole 24. It is understood that the flow hole 24 can also be constructed in other shapes.

[0083] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 2 and Figure 7 The reactor unit 100 further includes a cylindrical guide vane 4, which is coaxially arranged with the inner cylinder 2 and configured to be located at the upper part of the inner cylinder 2. The cylindrical guide vane 4 divides the second chamber 22 to form a guide chamber 41 and an outer chamber 42; the upward flow is configured to enter the guide chamber 41 to form a downward flow within the cylindrical guide vane 4; the downward flow is configured to flow from the bottom of the cylindrical guide vane 4 to the outer chamber 42, and then to the guide assembly 3.

[0084] The cylindrical guide 4 can be constructed as a hollow cylindrical tube, fitted around the upper outer side of the inner tube 2. The cylindrical guide 4 must at least completely cover the height of the flow-through orifice 24 to guide the downward flow exiting the flow-through orifice 24. The cylindrical guide 4 must also at least completely cover the height of the outlet pipe 13 to separate the downward flow from the outlet pipe 13, thereby preventing unpurified wastewater from overflowing from the flow-through orifice 24 and being directly discharged from the outlet pipe 13.

[0085] like Figure 2As shown, the height of the cylindrical guide 4 of this disclosure is approximately half that of the inner cylinder 2 and the device body 1. The upper half of the second chamber 22 is divided into a guide chamber 41 and an outer chamber 42 by the cylindrical guide 4. The downward flow overflowing from the flow hole 24 flows downward in the guide chamber 41 under the guidance of the cylindrical guide 4. After flowing out of the area of ​​the cylindrical guide 4, it still has the tendency to flow downward. The downward flow can flow to the guide assembly 3 and then re-enter the first chamber 21 for circulation. The mixture in the outer chamber 42 has no obvious flow direction and remains almost still. Some of the purified water no longer enters the circulation but remains in the upper position of the reaction chamber until it overflows from the outlet pipe 13.

[0086] The cylindrical guide 4 can be constructed as a hollow cylindrical tube or as a trapezoidal cylindrical tube with a gradually expanding bottom. This disclosure does not impose specific restrictions on the shape of the cylindrical guide 4, as long as it can achieve the function of downward flow guidance.

[0087] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the cylindrical guide 4 is configured to be fixed inside the device body 1 by a second bracket; the second bracket includes at least two second fixing frames 43 evenly distributed along the circumference of the cylindrical guide 4, one end of the second fixing frame 43 being connected to the top of the cylindrical guide 4, and the other end being connected to the top of the device body 1. One end of the second fixing frame 43 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylindrical guide 4, and the other end can be mounted on the top of the device body 1. The cylindrical guide 4 installed in the device body 1 in the above manner is easy to disassemble and replace, has a simple structure, and strong stability after installation.

[0088] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 5 The device body 1 is also provided with a dosing port 14 and / or a sampling port, which communicate with the second chamber 22. By providing the dosing port 14 on the device body 1, chemical agents such as cleaning agents can be added to the mixture in the second chamber 22 to clean the internal environment of the reaction chamber. Other agents that promote microbial growth can also be added to improve the microbial growth environment. It is understood that other agents can be added to the dosing port 14 according to actual needs.

[0089] By setting a sampling port on the main body 1, samples can be taken from the second chamber 22 during wastewater treatment to ensure that the environment of the reaction chamber meets the requirements and that the bacterial community within it grows normally. The dosing port 14 and the sampling port can be the same port located on the main body 10. In practical applications, once the biological packing material 6 and activated sludge are added to the reaction chamber, it is almost never opened again, and the reaction chamber is in a nearly closed environment. Therefore, personnel need to periodically sample and test the contents to ensure that the denitrification system operates normally.

[0090] In one embodiment of this disclosure, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the device body 1 is also provided with a sludge discharge port 15 communicating with the second chamber 22. The bottom of the device body 1 is constructed as an inverted cone with a gradually converging diameter from top to bottom, and the center of the inverted cone is configured as the bottom center of the reaction chamber. The inner cylinder 2 coincides with the axial center of the reaction chamber. The aeration port 11 is located at the center of the inverted cone, and the sludge discharge port 15 is located at the bottom of the device body 1 near the aeration port 11.

[0091] The aeration port 11 is located directly below the inner cylinder 2 and at the center of the reaction chamber. Therefore, the wastewater transported into the bottom of the reaction chamber by the inlet pipe 12 can directly flow upward in the first chamber 21 under the action of aeration, which is beneficial for uniform substrate mixing. In addition, the bottom of the device body 1 is constructed in an inverted cone shape, which facilitates the settling of sludge into the inverted cone. Placing the sludge discharge port 15 at the bottom of the device body 1 near the aeration port 11 is beneficial for sludge discharge. Of course, it is understood that the arrangement of the sludge discharge port 15 is not limited to this.

[0092] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the dimensions of the bottom inverted conical portion of the device body 1 are: a diameter of 150 mm on the upper bottom surface and a height of 70 mm; while the dimensions of the main cylindrical structure of the device body 1 are: a height of 475 mm and a diameter of 150 mm. The cylindrical main body portion, the bottom inverted conical portion, and the top plate portion above the main body are joined together to form the device body 1, and the inner walls of the three together form the reaction chamber.

[0093] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 1The wastewater treatment system also includes an aeration unit 500, which includes an airflow control mechanism 502 and an aeration pump 501. The aeration pump 501 is configured to connect to an aeration port 11 on an aeration assembly at the bottom of the device body via a connecting pipe to aerate the first chamber 21. The airflow control mechanism 502 is configured to control the aeration parameters of the aeration assembly, including at least one of aeration flow rate, aeration speed, and air-to-water ratio. The airflow control mechanism 502 may include a monitoring structure such as a flow meter to monitor and control the airflow through the pipe in real time, thereby regulating the start and stop of the aeration pump 501.

[0094] Furthermore, the aeration unit 500 can employ intermittent aeration, which is more conducive to forming a dual-channel circulation between the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22. The aeration rate of the aeration unit 500 also affects the concentration of volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) in the mixed liquor inside the reaction chamber and the dissolved oxygen concentration inside and outside the biological packing 6. Specifically, the concentration of volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) in the mixed liquor needs to be controlled between 1 and 10 g / L, and the dissolved oxygen inside the biological packing 6 needs to be controlled to be less than 0.1 mg / L, while the dissolved oxygen outside needs to be controlled to be between 0.1 and 0.5 mg / L.

[0095] In one embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The reactor unit 100 also includes a thermostat component 5 for providing predetermined temperature conditions. Within a suitable temperature range, the physiological activity of microorganisms is vigorous, and their activity increases with increasing temperature, resulting in better treatment effects. Outside this range, the activity of microorganisms deteriorates, and the biological reaction process is affected. By setting the thermostat component 5, suitable temperature conditions can be provided for the reaction tank, thereby improving the pollutant removal capacity of the wastewater treatment system.

[0096] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the temperature of the mixture of wastewater and biological packing material is maintained at approximately 35°C by the thermostatic component 5. This 35°C temperature is the optimal temperature for anaerobic ammonia oxidation. At this temperature, pollutant removal is more efficient, organic matter decomposition is faster, the residence time in the reactor is shortened, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment efficiency is improved.

[0097] like Figure 5As shown, the thermostatic component 5 includes a sandwich layer 51 circumferentially surrounding the sidewall of the reaction chamber. The sandwich layer 51 is filled with a heat transfer medium. The reaction chamber has a medium inlet 52 and a medium outlet 53 on opposite radial sides, respectively, communicating with the sandwich layer 51. The medium inlet 52 is positioned lower than the medium outlet 53. The medium inlet and outlet are configured in a bottom-in, top-out configuration, which is more conducive to filling the sandwich layer 81 with the medium. For example, the heat transfer medium may include, but is not limited to, water. The sandwich layer 51 can be integrally connected to the device body 1. It is understood that the specific structure of the thermostatic component 5 is not limited to this.

[0098] like Figure 1 As shown, the wastewater treatment system also includes a constant-temperature medium container 600, the outlet of which is connected to the medium inlet 52, and the inlet of which is connected to the medium outlet 53. For example, the constant-temperature medium container 600 stores water at 35°C. This water flows from the medium inlet 52 into the jacket 51, filling it completely, thus maintaining the overall temperature of the reaction chamber at a constant 35°C. The water, after heat exchange in the jacket 51, may drop to around 25°C. This water then flows out from the medium outlet 53 and returns to the constant-temperature medium container 600 to be heated back to 35°C. This achieves the recycling of the constant-temperature medium, thereby saving costs.

[0099] This disclosure also provides a wastewater treatment method applied to the aforementioned wastewater treatment system. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0100] Biological packing material 6 and activated sludge are introduced into the reaction chamber of reactor unit 100;

[0101] Specifically, the biological packing material 6 can be made of 0.5*0.5*0.5cm graphene sponge blocks with a density of 21.88g / L, a porosity of 98.2%, a density of 176.4m² / g, and a graphene content of 0.81wt.%, added at a dosage of 2-5g / L. The biological packing material 6 and activated sludge can be filled into the reaction chamber in a single batch, for example, 2%-5% of the volume of biological packing material 6 and 10%-20% of the volume of activated sludge can be filled at once. Both the biological packing material 6 and the activated sludge can achieve continuous water purification without frequent replacement. As long as the environment within the reaction chamber is maintained suitable for the growth of relevant microorganisms, the wastewater treatment system can operate continuously for a very long time.

[0102] The wastewater supply unit 200 pumps wastewater into the first chamber 21 through the inlet pipe 12, so that the wastewater is mixed with the biological packing material 6 and activated sludge for reaction.

[0103] Specifically, the wastewater supply unit 200 may include a substrate tank 201, an influent pump 202, and connecting pipes. The substrate tank 201 stores wastewater to be treated. The outlet of the substrate tank 201 is connected to the influent pipe 12 on the main body of the device via the connecting pipes. The influent pump 202 is installed on the connecting pipes and can be controlled by a control server. When the control server sends an influent signal to the influent pump 202, the wastewater in the substrate tank 201 is pumped into the reaction chamber of the main body of the device 1 for purification. The wastewater forms an internal circulation from bottom to top within the reaction chamber, thereby fully mixing with the biological packing material 6 and activated sludge. After 1-6 hours of PNA reaction, the organic matter in the wastewater is completely decomposed by the microorganisms in the biological packing material 6 and activated sludge, thus meeting the discharge standards.

[0104] After the reaction is completed, the liquid flowing out through the effluent pipe 13 enters the sedimentation tank 301 for sedimentation and separation, and the separated activated sludge is transported back to the reaction chamber through the return pipe.

[0105] Specifically, the purified water flowing out of the effluent pipe 13 contains some activated sludge suspended on the upper part of the device body 1. To prevent sludge loss, the liquid overflowing from the effluent pipe 13 needs to be separated by sedimentation. The liquid introduced into the sedimentation tank 301 can settle for a period of time. After the activated sludge mixed in the purified water settles to the bottom of the sedimentation tank 301, the activated sludge is collected and transported back to the reaction chamber through the sludge return pump 302 and the return pipeline. This prevents sludge loss, helps maintain the wastewater treatment capacity of the reaction system, and enhances the stability of the reaction system.

[0106] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the wastewater treatment method further includes: activating an aeration assembly to create an upward flow in the first chamber 21 and a downward flow in the second chamber 22. The downward flow enters the first chamber 21 at least partially through a through hole 311 on the circumferential side wall of the first guide section 31, and at least partially through the bottom end of the second guide section 32.

[0107] This achieves a dual-channel internal circulation within the reaction chamber, enhancing the contact and collision of the contents and optimizing the flow field within the chamber. The reactor unit 100 provided in this disclosure is compact, low-consumption, and highly efficient, improving wastewater treatment performance, perfecting reactor configuration, and enabling efficient and stable operation of partial nitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation.

[0108] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the wastewater treatment method further includes: a power supply unit 400 energizing a metal conductive mesh 33 according to a predetermined pulse cycle, wherein the ratio of power supply duration to pause duration is 1:5.

[0109] Specifically, with a cycle of one hour, the current control component 401 can control the power supply 402 to pause for fifty minutes every ten minutes of power supply, thereby providing an intermittent electric field for the metal conductive mesh 33. Under the action of the intermittent electric field, the start-up time of the sewage treatment system can be reduced. In addition, the sewage treatment system can also achieve rapid start-up by utilizing the movement of the conductive biological packing material 6 in the reaction chamber under the influence of the electric field.

[0110] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the wastewater treatment method further includes controlling the temperature of the mixture of wastewater, biological packing material 6 and activated sludge to 30-40°C using a constant temperature component 5.

[0111] Specifically, a mesophilic temperature of 30–40°C is the optimal temperature range for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. At this temperature, pollutant removal is more efficient, organic matter decomposition is faster, the residence time in the reactor is shortened, and the treatment efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation is improved. Preferably, the temperature of the mixed liquor can be controlled at around 35°C.

[0112] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, and are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wastewater treatment system, characterized in that, include: The reactor unit (100) includes a device body (1), which has a reaction chamber filled with activated sludge and biological packing material (6); the device body (1) is provided with an inlet pipe (12) and an outlet pipe (13), which is configured to be located at the upper part of the device body (1); the top of the device body (1) is also provided with a sludge return port (16). A wastewater supply unit (200) is connected to the inlet pipe (12) and is configured to supply wastewater into the reaction chamber; The sludge return unit (300) includes a sedimentation tank (301) and a return pipeline. The effluent pipeline (13) is configured to connect to the sedimentation tank (301). One end of the return pipeline is configured to connect to the bottom of the sedimentation tank (301), and the other end is configured to connect to the sludge return port (16). The liquid flowing out from the effluent pipeline (13) is configured to undergo sedimentation separation in the sedimentation tank (301), and the separated activated sludge is configured to be transported to the sludge return port (16) through the return pipeline to return to the reaction chamber. The reactor unit (100) further includes an inner cylinder (2) and an aeration assembly. The inner cylinder (2) is housed within the reaction chamber and divides the reaction chamber into a first chamber (21) connected to the inlet pipe (12) and a second chamber (22) connected to the outlet pipe (13). The aeration assembly is located at the bottom of the reaction chamber and has an aeration port (11). The aeration port (11) is configured to aerate from bottom to top into the first chamber (21) along the axial direction of the inner cylinder (2) so that an upward flow is formed in the first chamber (21) and a downward flow is formed in the second chamber (22). The reactor unit (100) further includes a flow guiding assembly (3), which is connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder (2). The flow guiding assembly (3) includes a first flow guiding part (31) and a second flow guiding part (32) connected sequentially from top to bottom along the axial direction of the inner cylinder (2). The first flow guiding part (31) has through holes (311) distributed on its circumferential sidewall so that the downward flow enters the first chamber (21) at least partially through the through holes (311) and enters the first chamber (21) at least partially through the bottom end of the second flow guiding part (32).

2. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first flow guide (31) is constructed as a hollow frustum that gradually narrows from top to bottom, and the second flow guide (32) is constructed as a hollow frustum that gradually expands from top to bottom; the top end of the first flow guide (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inner cylinder (2), and the top end of the second flow guide (32) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first flow guide (31).

3. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first flow guide (31) has twelve through holes (311) on its sidewall. The twelve through holes (311) are configured to be evenly distributed along the circumferential sidewall of the first flow guide (31). The area of ​​the twelve through holes (311) accounts for 23% to 29% of the surface area of ​​the sidewall of the first flow guide (31).

4. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the activated sludge and the biological packing material (6) have electrical conductivity; a metal conductive mesh (33) is provided on the surface of the first flow guide (31), and the metal conductive mesh (33) is configured to adsorb the activated sludge and biological packing material (6) in the reaction chamber when energized.

5. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wastewater treatment system further includes a power supply unit (400) configured to supply power to the metal conductive mesh (33); the power supply unit (400) includes a current control component (401) configured to control the power supply unit (400) to switch operating modes according to a predetermined pulse cycle.

6. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power supply unit (400) has a power supply mode and a pause mode; the ratio of the time occupied by the power supply mode to the time occupied by the pause mode is 1:

5.

7. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor unit (100) further includes a cylindrical guide (4), which is coaxially arranged with the inner cylinder (2) and configured to be located at the upper part of the inner cylinder (2); the cylindrical guide (4) divides the second chamber (22) into a guide chamber (41) and an outer chamber (42); the upward flow is configured to enter the guide chamber (41) to form a downward flow in the cylindrical guide (4); the downward flow is configured to flow from the bottom of the cylindrical guide (4) to the outer chamber (42) to flow to the guide assembly (3).

8. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wastewater treatment system further includes an aeration unit (500), which includes an airflow control mechanism (502) configured to control aeration parameters of the aeration components, the aeration parameters including at least one of aeration flow rate, aeration rate, and air-to-water ratio.

9. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor unit (100) further includes a thermostat assembly (5) for providing predetermined temperature conditions. The thermostat assembly (5) includes a jacket (51) that surrounds the sidewall of the reaction chamber in a circumferential direction. The jacket (51) is filled with a heat medium. The reaction chamber is provided with a medium inlet (52) and a medium outlet (53) communicating with the jacket (51) on opposite radial sides, and the medium inlet (52) is set lower than the medium outlet (53). The wastewater treatment system further includes: a constant temperature medium container (600), the outlet of the constant temperature medium container (600) is connected to the medium inlet (52), and the inlet of the constant temperature medium container (600) is connected to the medium outlet (53).

10. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the biological filler (6) is selected from at least one of the following: graphene polymer composite material, biochar three-dimensional graphene composite material and graphene three-dimensional assembly material; and the volume of a single filler particle of the biological filler is 0.1~1 cm3, the density is 0.015~0.025 g / cm3, the porosity is 92~98.2%, the graphene content is 0.5~0.9%, and the specific surface area is 70.0~80.0 m2 / g.

11. A wastewater treatment method, characterized in that, Applied to the wastewater treatment system as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, the method comprises the following steps: Biological packing material (6) and activated sludge are introduced into the reaction chamber of reactor unit (100); The wastewater supply unit (200) pumps wastewater into the first chamber (21) through the inlet pipe (12), so that the wastewater is mixed with the biological packing material (6) and activated sludge for reaction; After the reaction is completed, the liquid flowing out through the effluent pipe (13) enters the sedimentation tank (301) for sedimentation and separation, and the separated activated sludge is transported back to the reaction chamber through the return pipe.

12. The wastewater treatment method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The method further includes: activating the aeration assembly to form an upward flow in the first chamber (21) and a downward flow in the second chamber (22); wherein the downward flow enters the first chamber (21) at least partially through a through hole (311) on the circumferential sidewall of the first guide section (31) and at least partially through the bottom end of the second guide section (32).

13. The wastewater treatment method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The method further includes: the power supply unit (400) energizes the metal conductive mesh (33) according to a predetermined pulse cycle, wherein the ratio of power supply duration to pause duration is 1:

5.

14. The wastewater treatment method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The method further includes controlling the temperature of the mixture of sewage, biological packing material (6) and activated sludge to 30~40℃ using a constant temperature component (5).

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