A hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator and its incineration method

Abstract

The present application relates to solid waste harmless treatment technical field, specifically to a kind of hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator, including plasma melting furnace body and the pulverizing box being installed at the top of plasma melting furnace body, the top of pulverizing box is provided with inlet hopper, the outer wall of pulverizing box side is provided with driving mechanism, the inside of pulverizing box and below inlet hopper are provided with primary crushing mechanism, and the lower portion of grinding mechanism is provided with discharging mechanism;Grinding mechanism includes guide seat being installed on the inner wall of pulverizing box, and the bottom of rotating shaft is installed on discharging mechanism, and rotating shaft is driven to rotate by driving mechanism;Discharging mechanism includes receiving tray being installed on the inner wall of pulverizing box.The present application also discloses the incineration method of the above hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator.The present application is convenient to first carry out step-by-step complete crushing to hazardous waste slag, then even again dosing and plasma in plasma melting furnace body Fully contacted with plasma and reacted, improve incineration efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste harmless treatment technology, specifically to a hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator and its incineration method. Background Technology

[0002] Plasma furnaces are used to treat hazardous waste. The energy generated by the plasma torch causes the molecules and atoms of the treated material to recombine, generating new substances and transforming harmful materials into harmless ones, or even reusable resources. Plasma technology has a large capacity reduction, significantly reducing the landfill space required for hazardous waste disposal. The treated slag is glassy and can be used as roadbed aggregate or building materials, turning waste into valuable resources.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN112377914A discloses a plasma incinerator for hazardous waste slag and its incineration method. Before incineration, the hazardous waste slag is directly ground and crushed by a cone crusher at the top, reaching the required size before entering the plasma incinerator. This avoids environmental pollution during storage and transportation, reduces energy consumption, and directly incinerates dust or toxic gases at high temperatures during the crushing process. When the high temperature causes the fixed and moving cones to expand, the gap between them decreases. The cone crusher of this invention can keep the gap as small as possible from its initial size, reducing grinding between the moving and fixed cones, saving energy, and extending the motor's service life.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned publicly disclosed solutions have the following shortcomings: the hazardous waste slag particles are of varying sizes, the crushing is not sufficient, and the crushed hazardous waste slag cannot be fully heated by the high-temperature carrier gas generated by the plasma torch when it enters the reactor, thus reducing the incineration efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (I) Purpose of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention proposes a hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator and its incineration method. The present invention provides a method in which hazardous waste slag is first thoroughly crushed in stages, and then uniformly fed into the plasma in the plasma melting furnace body to fully contact and react, thereby improving the incineration efficiency.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator, including a plasma melting furnace body and a crushing box installed on the top of the plasma melting furnace body. A feeding hopper is provided at the top of the crushing box, a driving mechanism is provided on one side of the outer wall of the crushing box, a primary crushing mechanism is provided inside the crushing box and below the feeding hopper, the primary crushing mechanism is driven by the driving mechanism, a grinding mechanism is provided below the primary crushing mechanism, and a feeding mechanism is provided below the grinding mechanism.

[0009] The grinding mechanism includes a guide seat installed on the inner wall of the crushing box. A matching grinding cone is provided at the bottom of the inside of the guide seat. Several sets of grinding protrusions are provided on the side wall of the grinding cone and the inner wall of the guide seat. A rotating shaft is installed at the bottom of the grinding cone. The bottom of the rotating shaft is installed on the feeding mechanism. The rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism.

[0010] The feeding mechanism includes a receiving tray installed on the inner wall of the crushing box. A boss is provided at the bottom of the receiving tray. Two sets of feed pipes are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the receiving tray near the edge. A baffle plate is slidably connected to the connection between the feed pipe and the receiving tray. Two sets of electric telescopic rods are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the receiving tray. The output end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to the side wall of the baffle plate. The discharge end of the feed pipe is connected to the feed port of the plasma melting furnace body.

[0011] Preferably, the primary crushing mechanism consists of two sets of primary crushing rollers, which are arranged on the inner wall of the crushing box and driven to rotate by a drive mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes two sets of first gears disposed on two sets of primary crushing rollers, the two sets of first gears being meshed together, and one set of first gears being driven to rotate by a motor disposed on the side wall of the crushing box.

[0013] Preferably, the drive mechanism further includes a first transmission mechanism. One end of the first transmission mechanism is disposed between the first gear and the motor, and the other end of the first transmission mechanism is connected to a transmission rod. The transmission rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the crushing box, and the other end of the transmission rod extends into the interior of the crushing box and is provided with a second transmission mechanism between it and the rotating shaft. The second transmission mechanism is composed of two sets of meshing bevel gears.

[0014] Preferably, a material leveling mechanism is provided on the boss. The material leveling mechanism includes a third transmission mechanism and a stirring mechanism. The third transmission mechanism includes a second gear installed on the side wall of the rotating shaft. The side wall of the second gear is meshed with the third gear. The third gear is rotatably connected to the top of the receiving tray. An annular seat is rotatably connected to the edge of the top of the receiving tray. Driven teeth are provided around the inner wall of the annular seat. The driven teeth are meshed with the third gear. The stirring mechanism is installed on the outer wall of the annular seat through a connector.

[0015] Preferably, the stirring mechanism consists of a stirring rod and several sets of stirring blades, and the stirring blades are adapted to the receiving tray and the receiving groove formed by the boss.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a dust collection mechanism installed on the side wall of the plasma melting furnace body, with a dust collection pipe connected to the input end of the dust collection mechanism and the other end of the dust collection pipe connected to the side wall of the feed hopper.

[0017] The incineration method of the above-mentioned hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Start the drive mechanism to drive the primary crushing mechanism, which will initially crush the hazardous waste slag that enters from the feed hopper, so that the large particles of hazardous waste slag are crushed into small particles.

[0019] S2. When the drive mechanism starts, the grinding mechanism is also started, which drives the rotating shaft to rotate, causing the grinding cone to rotate. The initially crushed hazardous waste slag enters the lower end along the upper end of the guide seat. As the grinding cone rotates, the several sets of grinding protrusions on the guide seat and the grinding cone grind the initially crushed hazardous waste slag again, improving the crushing efficiency of the hazardous waste slag. The finely crushed hazardous waste slag falls into the feeding mechanism.

[0020] S3. The rotation of the shaft drives the stirring mechanism to rotate along the receiving groove formed between the receiving plate and the boss through the third transmission mechanism, thereby stirring the thoroughly crushed hazardous waste slag evenly and avoiding accumulation that affects the feeding. Then, the electric telescopic rod is activated to drive the baffle plate to slide, thereby adjusting the size of the feeding port at the connection between the feed pipe and the receiving plate, which facilitates the adjustment of the feeding speed. The setting of the stirring mechanism avoids the accumulation and blockage of hazardous waste slag, so that the thoroughly crushed hazardous waste slag can enter the plasma melting furnace body and fully contact and react with the plasma in the plasma melting furnace body, thereby improving the incineration efficiency.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention can simultaneously drive the primary crushing mechanism and the grinding mechanism through the driving mechanism, so as to first coarsely crush and then finely crush the hazardous waste slag, thereby improving the crushing efficiency of the hazardous waste slag.

[0023] 2. The present invention can drive the material leveling mechanism through the rotating shaft in the grinding mechanism, so that the stirring mechanism in the material leveling mechanism can stir the pulverized hazardous waste slag between the receiving plate and the boss, thus avoiding accumulation.

[0024] 3. The present invention uses an electric telescopic rod to drive the baffle plate to slide along the connection between the feed pipe and the receiving plate, which can adjust the feeding speed and facilitate the full contact and reaction between the hazardous waste slag and the plasma in the plasma melting furnace body, thereby improving the incineration efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a front view of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic side view of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material guide seat structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Plasma melting furnace body; 2. Crushing box; 201. Feed hopper; 3. Primary crushing roller; 4. First gear; 401. First transmission mechanism; 402. Transmission rod; 403. Bevel gear; 5. Guide seat; 501. Grinding cone; 502. Grinding protrusion; 503. Rotating shaft; 6. Receiving tray; 601. Boss; 602. Feed pipe; 603. Baffle plate; 604. Electric telescopic rod; 7. Second gear; 701. Ring seat; 702. Driven gear; 703. Stirring mechanism; 704. Third gear; 8. Dust collection pipe; 801. Dust collection mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator includes a plasma melting furnace body 1 and a crushing box 2 installed at the top of the plasma melting furnace body 1. A feed hopper 201 is provided at the top of the crushing box 2, a driving mechanism is provided on one side of the outer wall of the crushing box 2, a primary crushing mechanism is provided inside the crushing box 2 and below the feed hopper 201, the primary crushing mechanism is driven by the driving mechanism, a grinding mechanism is provided below the primary crushing mechanism, and a feeding mechanism is provided below the grinding mechanism.

[0033] It should be noted that the plasma melting furnace body 1 is an existing technology that can heat and incinerate hazardous waste slag. The specific structure and working principle are detailed in the patent with publication number CN112377914A, and will not be repeated here.

[0034] Furthermore, the primary crushing mechanism consists of two sets of primary crushing rollers 3, which are installed on the inner wall of the crushing box 2. The two sets of primary crushing rollers 3 are driven to rotate by a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism drives the two sets of primary crushing rollers 3 to rotate, which can initially crush the hazardous waste slag into small particles. The drive mechanism includes two sets of first gears 4 installed on the two sets of primary crushing rollers 3. The two sets of first gears 4 are meshed and connected. One set of first gears 4 is driven to rotate by a motor installed on the side wall of the crushing box 2.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the grinding mechanism includes a guide seat 5 installed on the inner wall of the crushing box 2. A matching grinding cone 501 is provided at the bottom of the inside of the guide seat 5. Several sets of grinding protrusions 502 are provided on the side wall of the grinding cone 501 and the inner wall of the guide seat 5. A rotating shaft 503 is installed at the bottom of the grinding cone 501. The bottom of the rotating shaft 503 is installed on the feeding mechanism. The rotating shaft 503 is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism.

[0036] Furthermore, the drive mechanism also includes a first transmission mechanism 401, which is a belt drive mechanism. One end of the first transmission mechanism 401 is located between the first gear 4 and the motor, and the other end of the first transmission mechanism 401 is connected to a transmission rod 402. The transmission rod 402 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the crushing box 2, and the other end of the transmission rod 402 extends into the interior of the crushing box 2 and is connected to the rotating shaft 503 by a second transmission mechanism. The second transmission mechanism consists of two sets of meshing bevel gears 403. When the drive mechanism is started, the first transmission mechanism 401 drives the transmission rod 402 to rotate. The rotation of the transmission rod 402 drives the rotating shaft 503 to rotate through the second transmission mechanism, thereby driving the grinding cone 501 to rotate and cooperate with the guide seat 5 to further grind the hazardous waste slag.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the feeding mechanism includes a receiving tray 6 installed on the inner wall of the crushing box 2. A boss 601 is provided at the bottom of the receiving tray 6. Two sets of feeding pipes 602 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the receiving tray 6 near the edge. A baffle plate 603 is slidably connected at the connection between the feeding pipe 602 and the receiving tray 6. Two sets of electric telescopic rods 604 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the receiving tray 6. The output end of the electric telescopic rod 604 is connected to the side wall of the baffle plate 603. The discharge end of the feeding pipe 602 is connected to the inlet of the plasma melting furnace body 1.

[0038] Furthermore, a material leveling mechanism is provided on the boss 601. The material leveling mechanism includes a third transmission mechanism and a stirring mechanism 703. The third transmission mechanism includes a second gear 7 mounted on the side wall of the rotating shaft 503. A third gear 704 is meshed with the side wall of the second gear 7. The third gear 704 is rotatably connected to the top of the receiving disc 6. The diameters of the second gear 7 and the third gear 704 are different. An annular seat 701 is rotatably connected to the edge of the top of the receiving disc 6. Driven teeth 702 are provided around the inner wall of the annular seat 701. The driven teeth 702 mesh with the third gear 704. A stirring mechanism 703 is installed on the outer wall of 1 via a connector; the stirring mechanism 703 consists of a stirring rod and several sets of stirring blades, which are adapted to the receiving tray 6 and the receiving groove formed by the boss 601; when the rotating shaft 503 rotates, it drives the second gear 7 to rotate, which in turn drives the third gear 704 to rotate, which drives the ring seat 701 to rotate along the boss 601 through the driven gear 702, thereby driving the stirring mechanism 703 to rotate and move the hazardous waste slag between the receiving tray 6 and the boss 601, so as to avoid the accumulation of hazardous waste slag and facilitate the uniform feeding of hazardous waste slag along the feed pipe 602.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a dust collection mechanism 801 installed on the side wall of the plasma melting furnace body 1. The input end of the dust collection mechanism 801 is connected to a dust collection pipe 8, and the other end of the dust collection pipe 8 is connected to the side wall of the feed hopper 201. When the dust collection mechanism 801 is activated, the dust generated during the crushing of hazardous waste slag can be quickly absorbed through the dust collection pipe 8, so as to prevent the dust from drifting out from the feed hopper 201 and causing pollution.

[0040] The incineration method of the above-mentioned hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Start the drive mechanism to drive the primary crushing mechanism, which will initially crush the hazardous waste slag that enters from the feed hopper 201, so that the large particles of hazardous waste slag are crushed into small particles.

[0042] S2. When the drive mechanism starts, the grinding mechanism is also started, which drives the rotating shaft 503 to rotate, causing the grinding cone 501 to rotate. The initially crushed hazardous waste slag enters the lower end along the upper end of the guide seat 5. As the grinding cone 501 rotates, the guide seat 5 and several sets of grinding protrusions 502 on the grinding cone 501 grind the initially crushed hazardous waste slag again, improving the crushing efficiency of the hazardous waste slag. The finely crushed hazardous waste slag falls into the feeding mechanism.

[0043] S3. The rotation of the rotating shaft 503 drives the stirring mechanism 703 to rotate along the receiving groove formed between the receiving plate 6 and the boss 601 through the third transmission mechanism, thereby stirring the thoroughly crushed hazardous waste slag evenly and avoiding accumulation that would affect the feeding. Then, the electric telescopic rod 604 is activated to drive the baffle plate 603 to slide, thereby adjusting the size of the discharge port at the connection between the feed pipe 602 and the receiving plate 6, which facilitates the adjustment of the feeding speed. The setting of the stirring mechanism 703 prevents the accumulation and blockage of hazardous waste slag, so that the thoroughly crushed hazardous waste slag can enter the plasma melting furnace body 1 and fully contact and react with the plasma in the plasma melting furnace body 1, thereby improving the incineration efficiency.

[0044] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all variations and modifications falling within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

Claims

1. A hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator, comprising a plasma melting furnace body (1) and a crushing box (2) installed at the top of the plasma melting furnace body (1), characterized in that, The crushing box (2) is provided with a feeding hopper (201) at the top, a driving mechanism is provided on one side of the outer wall of the crushing box (2), a primary crushing mechanism is provided inside the crushing box (2) and below the feeding hopper (201), the primary crushing mechanism is driven by the driving mechanism, a grinding mechanism is provided below the primary crushing mechanism, and a feeding mechanism is provided below the grinding mechanism. The drive mechanism includes two sets of first gears (4) and a first transmission mechanism (401) set on two sets of primary crushing rollers (3). The two sets of first gears (4) are meshed and connected. One set of first gears (4) is driven to rotate by a motor set on the side wall of the crushing box (2). One end of the first transmission mechanism (401) is set between the first gear (4) and the motor. The other end of the first transmission mechanism (401) is connected to a transmission rod (402). The transmission rod (402) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the crushing box (2). The other end of the transmission rod (402) extends into the interior of the crushing box (2) and is connected to a second transmission mechanism between it and the rotating shaft (503). The second transmission mechanism is composed of two sets of meshing bevel gears (403). The grinding mechanism includes a guide seat (5) installed on the inner wall of the crushing box (2). A matching grinding cone (501) is provided at the bottom of the guide seat (5). Several sets of grinding protrusions (502) are provided on the side wall of the grinding cone (501) and the inner wall of the guide seat (5). A rotating shaft (503) is installed at the bottom of the grinding cone (501). The bottom of the rotating shaft (503) is installed on the feeding mechanism. The rotating shaft (503) is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a receiving tray (6) installed on the inner wall of the crushing box (2). A boss (601) is provided at the bottom of the receiving tray (6). Two sets of feed pipes (602) are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the receiving tray (6) near the edge. A baffle plate (603) is slidably connected at the connection between the feed pipe (602) and the receiving tray (6). Two sets of electric telescopic rods (604) are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the receiving tray (6). The output end of the electric telescopic rod (604) is connected to the side wall of the baffle plate (603). The discharge end of the feed pipe (602) is connected to the feed port of the plasma melting furnace body (1). A material leveling mechanism is provided on the boss (601). The material leveling mechanism includes a third transmission mechanism and a stirring mechanism (703). The third transmission mechanism includes a second gear (7) installed on the side wall of the rotating shaft (503). The side wall of the second gear (7) is meshed with a third gear (704). The third gear (704) is rotatably connected to the top of the receiving plate (6). An annular seat (701) is rotatably connected to the edge of the top of the receiving plate (6). A driven tooth (702) is provided around the inner wall of the annular seat (701). The driven tooth (702) meshes with the third gear (704). The stirring mechanism (703) is installed on the outer wall of the annular seat (701) through a connector.

2. The hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary crushing mechanism consists of two sets of primary crushing rollers (3). The two sets of primary crushing rollers (3) are set on the inner wall of the crushing box (2). The two sets of primary crushing rollers (3) are driven to rotate by a drive mechanism.

3. The hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring mechanism (703) consists of a stirring rod and several sets of stirring blades, which are adapted to the receiving tray (6) and the boss (601) forming the receiving groove.

4. The hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a dust collection mechanism (801) installed on the side wall of the plasma melting furnace body (1), with a dust collection pipe (8) connected to the input end of the dust collection mechanism (801), and the other end of the dust collection pipe (8) connected to the side wall of the feed hopper (201).

5. A method for incinerating hazardous waste slag using a plasma incinerator, comprising the hazardous waste slag plasma incinerator as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Start the drive mechanism to drive the primary crushing mechanism to perform preliminary crushing of the hazardous waste slag entering from the feed hopper (201), so that the large particles of hazardous waste slag are crushed into small particles. S2. When the drive mechanism starts, the grinding mechanism starts, which drives the rotating shaft (503) to rotate, causing the grinding cone (501) to rotate. The initially crushed hazardous waste slag enters the lower end along the upper end of the guide seat (5). As the grinding cone (501) rotates, several sets of grinding protrusions (502) on the guide seat (5) and the grinding cone (501) grind the initially crushed hazardous waste slag again, improving the crushing efficiency of the hazardous waste slag. The finely crushed hazardous waste slag falls into the feeding mechanism. S3. The rotating shaft (503) drives the stirring mechanism (703) to rotate along the receiving groove formed between the receiving plate (6) and the boss (601) through the third transmission mechanism, thereby stirring the thoroughly crushed hazardous waste slag evenly and avoiding accumulation that affects the feeding. Then, the electric telescopic rod (604) is activated to drive the baffle plate (603) to slide, thereby adjusting the size of the feeding port at the connection between the feed pipe (602) and the receiving plate (6), which facilitates the adjustment of the feeding speed. The setting of the stirring mechanism (703) avoids the accumulation and blockage of hazardous waste slag, so that the thoroughly crushed hazardous waste slag can enter the plasma melting furnace body (1) and fully contact and react with the plasma in the plasma melting furnace body (1), thereby improving the incineration efficiency.

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