Numerically controlled horizontal machining center

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control milling, in particular to a numerical control horizontal machining center. The numerical control horizontal machining center comprises a base, a horizontal moving driving device, a machining table, a clamping fixture, a column and a spindle box. The horizontal moving driving device is installed on the base and is used to drive the machining table to move in the horizontal direction. The clamping fixture is installed on the machining table and is used to drive the workpiece to swing. The column is arranged outside the machining table and is installed on the base. The column is provided with a lifting driving device, which is used to drive the spindle box to slide up and down. The spindle box is provided with a surface turning mechanism. The column is also provided with a tool magazine and a tool changing device. The present application solves the problem that the existing numerical control machining center cannot process multiple surfaces of a workpiece at one time, resulting in low processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC milling technology, and more specifically to a CNC horizontal machining center. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of science and technology, CNC technology has been widely applied and the technology field has continuously improved. High-efficiency automated machine tools, composed of mechanical equipment and CNC systems, suitable for machining complex parts, have become one of the world's most produced and widely used CNC machine tools. They possess strong comprehensive machining capabilities, allowing for the completion of numerous machining operations in a single workpiece setup with high precision. For batches of workpieces with moderate machining difficulty, their efficiency is 5 to 10 times that of ordinary equipment. In particular, they can perform many machining operations that ordinary equipment cannot, making them especially suitable for single-piece machining or small-batch, multi-variety production with complex shapes and high precision requirements. They integrate milling, boring, drilling, tapping, and thread cutting functions into a single machine, enabling them to employ multiple processing methods.

[0003] Refer to the invention patent with publication number CN112222868B, which discloses a machining center structure. The machining center is equipped with a clamping fixture, which can effectively clamp the workpiece to improve its stability. However, when using this clamping fixture to clamp the workpiece, the workpiece is completely fixed and cannot move. That is, only one side of the workpiece can be processed at a time. If other sides need to be processed, manual adjustment is required, which is very inconvenient.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technical solution to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a CNC horizontal machining center, which aims to solve the problem that existing CNC machining centers cannot process multiple surfaces of a workpiece at one time, resulting in low processing efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a CNC horizontal machining center, comprising a base, a transverse drive device, a machining table, a clamping fixture, a column, and a spindle box, wherein:

[0007] The transverse drive device is mounted on the base and is used to drive the processing table to move in the horizontal direction;

[0008] The clamping fixture is mounted on the processing table and includes a control box, a rotation control mechanism, and two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms. The control box is fixedly connected to the processing table. The two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the control box. Each angle adjustment mechanism includes a rocker arm, a driving wheel, and a driven wheel. The rocker arm is rotatably connected to the top of the control box. The driving wheel and the driven wheel are both located below the rocker arm and distributed on both sides of the connection between the rocker arm and the control box. The control box is equipped with an electric slide and a first cylinder. The electric slide is used to drive the driving wheel closer to or away from the driven wheel, and the first cylinder is used to drive the driven wheel to move up and down. The rocker arm is equipped with a shaped part clamping mechanism and a pressing mechanism. The rotation control mechanism is located between the two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms and is mounted on the control box.

[0009] The column is located outside the machining table and is mounted on the base; the column is equipped with a lifting drive device, which is used to drive the spindle box to move up and down; the spindle box is equipped with a flipping mechanism; the column is also equipped with a tool magazine and a tool changing device.

[0010] More specifically, the clamping mechanism includes a third cylinder, a pressure rod, a gear, a rack, and a fourth cylinder; the gear is rotatably connected to the seesaw; the third cylinder is mounted on the gear, the pressure rod is mounted on the output end of the third cylinder, and is driven to move up and down by the third cylinder; the rack is slidably connected to the seesaw and meshes with the gear; the fourth cylinder is mounted on the seesaw and is used to drive the rack to slide.

[0011] More specifically, the irregular part clamping mechanism includes a second cylinder, a movable plate, and several clamping components; the movable plate is slidably connected to the rocker arm, and the second cylinder is mounted on the rocker arm to drive the movable plate to slide; several clamping components are evenly distributed on the movable plate, and each clamping component includes a guide rod, an elastic element, and a flexible abutment element; the guide rod is fixedly connected to the movable plate, the flexible abutment element is slidably connected to the guide rod, and its end is placed outside the guide rod; the elastic element is provided on the guide rod, one end of which is connected to the flexible abutment element, and the other end is connected to the movable plate.

[0012] More specifically, the rotation control mechanism includes a fifth cylinder, a rotary cylinder, a rotary plate, and a plurality of first vacuum suction cups; the fifth cylinder is mounted on the control box and is used to drive the rotary cylinder to move up and down; the rotary plate is mounted on the output end of the rotary cylinder; and the plurality of first vacuum suction cups are mounted on the rotary plate.

[0013] More specifically, the transverse drive device includes a transverse base; a plurality of rigid rails are mounted on the base, and the transverse base has a groove at the position corresponding to the rigid rail. An insert is mounted on the wall of the groove, and the rigid rail is placed in the groove and in contact with the insert; a linear guide is also mounted on the base, and a slider is slidably connected to the linear guide; the transverse base has a height-adjustable support mechanism at the position corresponding to the linear guide, and the support mechanism is connected to the slider; a first drive mechanism is mounted on the base to drive the transverse base to slide; a first rotary driver is mounted on the transverse base, and the processing table is mounted on the output end of the first rotary driver.

[0014] More specifically, the support mechanism includes an adjusting block and two pads. The adjusting block is fixedly connected to the transverse sliding seat, and both ends of the bottom of the adjusting block are provided with inclined surfaces. The top surface of the pad is inclined and has the same inclination degree as the inclined surface. The two pads are located at the two ends of the bottom of the adjusting block, and their top surfaces are in contact with the corresponding inclined surfaces. A sliding rod is installed on the slider. The pad is provided with a through groove along the length direction of the linear guide. The sliding rod passes through the through groove. The adjusting block is slidably connected to the sliding rod. A side block is installed at the end of the pad. A strip hole is opened on the side block. A bolt is installed in the strip hole. The bolt is threadedly connected to the adjusting block.

[0015] More specifically, the spindle housing includes a housing, a spindle, a first drive assembly, and a second drive assembly; the housing has a sliding hole adapted to the spindle, and a first bearing is disposed in the sliding hole; the spindle passes through the sliding hole and is connected to the first bearing; the first drive assembly is mounted on the housing and is used to drive the spindle to slide horizontally; the second drive assembly is mounted on the housing and is used to drive the spindle to rotate.

[0016] More specifically, the spindle includes a sleeve, a central shaft, and a hydraulic cylinder; the sleeve has a hollow structure and one end is provided with a tool mounting port with a gradually narrowing diameter; the central shaft is placed inside the sleeve, and a locking buckle is provided in the tool mounting port, the locking buckle being hinged to the central shaft; the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the sleeve and is used to drive the central shaft to extend and slide.

[0017] More specifically, the tool magazine is located on the side of the column away from the spindle box, and includes a first motor, a transmission chain, two transmission wheels, and several tool holders; the two transmission wheels are mounted on the column; the transmission chain is connected to the two transmission wheels; the first motor is used to drive any one of the transmission wheels to rotate; an annular slide rail is mounted on the column, and the several tool holders are slidably connected to the annular slide rail and fixedly connected to the transmission chain.

[0018] More specifically, the tool changing device includes an L-shaped slide rail, a trolley, a clamping component, a first driver, a second driver, and a third driver; the L-shaped slide rail is mounted on the column, the trolley is slidably connected to the L-shaped slide rail, the first driver is mounted on the column and is used to drive the trolley to slide along the L-shaped slide rail; the second driver is mounted on the trolley and is used to drive the third driver to rotate, the clamping component is mounted on the output end of the third driver and is controlled to move by the third driver, and both ends of the clamping component are provided with clamping parts.

[0019] The technical effects of the CNC horizontal machining center involved in this invention are as follows:

[0020] The clamping fixture added in this application can adjust the workpiece. When the workpiece is placed on two rocker plates, it is fixed by the irregular part clamping mechanism and the clamping mechanism. At this time, the spindle box can mill the front end face of the workpiece. The electric slide moves the driving wheel, changing the contact point between the driving wheel and the rocker plate. Under the push of the first cylinder and the driven wheel, the tilt angle of the rocker plate can be changed, thereby adjusting the angle of the workpiece to achieve oblique milling. After the front end face of the workpiece is milled, the irregular part clamping mechanism and the clamping mechanism release the workpiece. Then, the rotation control mechanism drives the workpiece to rotate, thereby adjusting the original side end face and rear end face of the workpiece to face the spindle box, forming a new front end face. Then, the irregular part clamping mechanism and the clamping mechanism fix the workpiece again, and the other side of the workpiece can be processed. Using the design of this application, the orientation of the workpiece can be automatically adjusted without manual adjustment of the workpiece position, thus enabling multi-face processing of the workpiece in one operation, greatly improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the base and the machining table in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the adjusting block and the pad block in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pad block in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an insert in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first drive mechanism in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0030] Figure 10 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point D in the middle;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a clamping fixture in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of point E in the middle;

[0033] Figure 13 This is a front view of a clamping fixture in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of point F in the middle;

[0035] Figure 15 This is a structural schematic diagram of a CNC horizontal machining center from another perspective, according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 16 for Figure 15 Enlarged view of point G in the middle;

[0037] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle box structure in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 18 This is a partial schematic diagram of the spindle box in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the spindle in a CNC horizontal machining center according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 20 for Figure 19 Enlarged schematic diagram of point H in the middle.

[0041] Marked in the image:

[0042] 1. Base; 2. Transverse drive device; 3. Machining table; 4. Clamping fixture; 5. Column; 6. Spindle box; 7. Lifting drive device; 8. Tool magazine; 9. Tool changer; 10. Spiral chip conveying mechanism; 11. Waste chip output mechanism;

[0043] 21. Transverse sliding seat; 22. Hardened rail; 23. Insert; 231. Lubrication groove; 232. Oil injection channel; 24. Linear rail; 25. Slider; 26. Support mechanism; 261. Adjusting block; 262. Pad; 263. Side block; 264. Strip hole; 265. Through groove; 27. First drive mechanism; 271. Fourth motor; 272. First lead screw; 2721. Fluid passage chamber; 2721a. Secondary chamber; 2721b. Spiral channel; 273. First lead screw nut; 274. Oil return seat; 2741. Inlet pipe; 2742. Outlet pipe; 2743. Storage chamber; 275. Oil return pipe; 28. First rotary actuator;

[0044] 41. Control box; 42. Rotation control mechanism; 421. Rotary cylinder; 422. Rotating plate; 423. First vacuum suction cup; 43. Angle adjustment mechanism; 431. Rocker; 432. Driving wheel; 433. Driven wheel; 434. First cylinder; 435. Moving block; 4351. First sliding layer; 4352. Second sliding layer; 4353. Limiting protrusion; 4354. Support rod; 436. Wedge block; 437. Encoder; 438. Sensor; 44. Irregular part clamping mechanism; 442. Movable plate; 443. Guide rod; 444. Elastic element; 445. Flexible abutment element; 45. Pressing mechanism; 451. Third cylinder; 452. Pressure rod; 453. Gear; 454. Rack;

[0045] 61. Housing; 62. Spindle; 621. Sleeve; 622. Central shaft; 623. Hydraulic cylinder; 624. Tool mounting port; 625. Lock; 626. Disc spring; 63. First drive assembly; 631. Second lead screw; 632. Second lead screw nut; 633. Second motor; 634. Connecting seat; 635. Second bearing; 64. Second drive assembly; 641. Third motor; 642. Drive gear; 643. Driven gear;

[0046] 81. First motor; 82. Transmission wheel; 83. Tool holder;

[0047] 91. L-shaped slide rail; 92. Trolley; 93. Clamping component. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0049] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component at the same time; when a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component at the same time.

[0050] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description. It is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, a preferred embodiment is provided below for reference. Figures 1 to 20 A CNC horizontal machining center includes a base 1, a transverse drive device 2, a machining table 3, a clamping fixture 4, a column 5, and a spindle box 6, wherein:

[0053] The transverse drive device 2 is mounted on the base 1 and is used to drive the processing table 3 to move in the horizontal direction;

[0054] The clamping fixture 4 is mounted on the processing table 3 and includes a control box 41, a rotation control mechanism 42, and two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms 43. The control box 41 is fixedly connected to the processing table 3. The two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms 43 are symmetrically arranged on the control box 41. Each angle adjustment mechanism 43 includes a rocker plate 431, a driving wheel 432, and a driven wheel 433. The rocker plate 431 is rotatably connected to the top of the control box 41. The driving wheel 432 and the driven wheel 433 are both located below the rocker plate 431 and are distributed on both sides of the connection between the rocker plate 431 and the control box 41. The control box 41 is equipped with an electric slide and a first cylinder 434. The electric slide is used to drive the driving wheel 432 to move closer to or away from the driven wheel 433, and the first cylinder 434 is used to drive the driven wheel 433 to move up and down. The rocker plate 431 is equipped with a non-circular part clamping mechanism 44 and a pressing mechanism 45. The rotation control mechanism 42 is located between the two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms 43 and is mounted on the control box 41.

[0055] The column 5 is located outside the machining table 3 and is mounted on the base 1; the column 5 is equipped with a lifting drive device 7, which is used to drive the spindle box 6 to lift and slide; the spindle box 6 is equipped with a flipping mechanism (not shown in the figure); the column 5 is also equipped with a tool magazine 8 and a tool changing device 9.

[0056] The clamping fixture 4 in the CNC horizontal machining center of this invention can drive the workpiece to adjust its position. When the workpiece is placed on two rocker plates, the irregular part clamping mechanism 44 and the pressing mechanism 45 cooperate to fix the workpiece. At this time, the spindle box 6 can perform milling on the front end face of the workpiece. The electric slide table drives the driving wheel 432 to move, changing the contact point between the driving wheel 432 and the rocker plate 431. Under the push of the first cylinder 434 and the driven wheel 433, the tilt angle of the rocker plate 431 can be changed, thereby adjusting the angle of the workpiece to achieve oblique milling of the workpiece. After the milling of the front end face of the workpiece is completed, the irregular part clamping mechanism 44 and the pressing mechanism 45 release the workpiece. Then, the rotation control mechanism 42 drives the workpiece to rotate, thereby adjusting the original side end face and rear end face of the workpiece to face the spindle box 6, that is, forming a new front end face. Then, the irregular part clamping mechanism 44 and the pressing mechanism 45 fix the workpiece again, and the other side of the workpiece can be processed. The design of this application enables automatic adjustment of the workpiece orientation, eliminating the need for manual adjustment of the workpiece position, and thus enabling multi-faceted processing of the workpiece in one operation, significantly improving work efficiency.

[0057] Preferably, in this embodiment, the rocker 431 is provided with an encoder 437, and the control box 41 is provided with a sensor 438. Through the cooperation of the encoder 437 and the sensor 438, the swing angle of the rocker 431 can be accurately detected, thereby improving the workpiece processing accuracy.

[0058] It should be noted that the distance between the top surface of the drive wheel 432 and the top surface of the control box 41 is recorded as the first difference. When the rocker 431 is in a horizontal state, the distance between its bottom surface and the top surface of the control box 41 is recorded as the second difference. The first difference must be less than the second difference so that the rocker 431 can rotate when the drive wheel 432 moves. Under this design, the rocker arm 431 cannot be horizontal, which restricts the processing of the workpiece. To solve this problem, this application provides a moving block 435 below the drive wheel 432. The drive wheel 432 is mounted on the moving block 435. An electric slide is used to drive the moving block 435 to move. The moving block 435 includes a first sliding layer 4351 and a second sliding layer 4352. The top of the first sliding layer 4351 is provided with a limiting protrusion 4353 and several support rods 4354. The second sliding layer 4352 is located above the first sliding layer 4351 and is slidably connected to several support rods 4354. Its bottom is in contact with the limiting protrusion 4353. A wedge block 436 is provided on the outer side of the moving block 435. The wedge block 436 is mounted on the control box 41. Preferably, the bottom surface of the second sliding layer 4352 is inclined to match the wedge block 436. Specifically, when the wedge 436 is inserted between the first sliding layer 4351 and the second sliding layer 4352, the second sliding layer 4352 can be gradually lifted up, increasing the overall height of the moving block 435. This also controls the lifting of the drive wheel 432 until the first difference equals the second difference, thereby achieving a horizontal position for the seesaw 431. Thus, when it is necessary to keep the seesaw 431 horizontal, it is only necessary to move the moving block 435 by the electric slide until the wedge 436 is inserted between the first sliding layer 4351 and the second sliding layer 4352. When the electric slide moves the moving block 435 away from the wedge 436, the first difference becomes less than the second difference, thereby controlling the rotation of the seesaw 431.

[0059] In this embodiment, the flipping mechanism includes a sixth cylinder, a rotating bracket, and second vacuum suction cups. The rotating bracket is mounted on the spindle box 6 and is driven to rotate by an external control component. The rotating bracket has a receiving hole in the middle, and several clamping fasteners are installed on the side wall of the receiving hole. The sixth cylinder is mounted on the spindle box 6 and is used to drive several second vacuum suction cups to move up and down. It should be noted that the design of the angle adjustment mechanism 43 of this application allows the spindle box 6 to also perform milling on the upper end face of the workpiece. Through the design of this flipping mechanism, the workpiece can be automatically flipped, and the upper and lower end faces of the workpiece can be processed in one operation. Specifically, the sixth cylinder drives the second vacuum suction cup to move downward, so that the second vacuum suction cup passes through the receiving hole and moves to contact the workpiece on the clamping fixture 4. When the sixth cylinder drives the second vacuum suction cup to move upward, the second vacuum suction cup brings the workpiece into the receiving hole and is clamped and fixed by the clamping device. The rotating bracket drives the workpiece to rotate, so as to realize the workpiece flipping. Finally, the sixth cylinder and the second vacuum suction cup cooperate to send the workpiece back to the clamping fixture 4 to complete the flipping work.

[0060] In this embodiment, the clamping mechanism 45 includes a third cylinder 451, a pressure rod 452, a gear 453, a rack 454, and a fourth cylinder. The gear 453 is rotatably connected to the rocker arm 431. The third cylinder 451 is mounted on the gear 453, and the pressure rod 452 is mounted on the output end of the third cylinder 451, which is driven to move up and down by the third cylinder 451. The rack 454 is slidably connected to the rocker arm 431 and meshes with the gear 453. The fourth cylinder is mounted on the rocker arm 431 and is used to drive the rack 454 to slide. Specifically, after the workpiece is placed on the rocker arm 431, the third cylinder 451 drives the pressure rod 452 to move downward to clamp the workpiece. When the rotation control mechanism 42 or the flipping mechanism moves the workpiece to adjust its position, the fourth cylinder controls the rack 454 to move, thereby causing the gear 453 to rotate, so that the pressure rod 452 moves outward, avoiding interference with the operation of the rotation control mechanism 42 or the flipping mechanism.

[0061] In this embodiment, the irregular part clamping mechanism 44 includes a second cylinder, a movable plate 442, and several clamping components; the movable plate 442 is slidably connected to the rocker plate 431, and the second cylinder is mounted on the rocker plate 431 to drive the movable plate 442 to slide; several clamping components are evenly distributed on the movable plate 442, and each clamping component includes a guide rod 443, an elastic member 444, and a flexible abutment member 445. The guide rod 443 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 442, the flexible abutment member 445 is slidably connected to the guide rod 443, and its end is placed outside the guide rod 443. The elastic member 444 is provided on the guide rod 443, one end of which is connected to the flexible abutment member 445, and the other end is connected to the movable plate 442. Specifically, when the workpiece is placed on the rocker, the second cylinder drives the movable plate 442 to approach the workpiece, and the elastic element 444 is a strong spring. Under the elastic force of the elastic element 444, the flexible abutment 445 can abut against the side end face of the workpiece, thereby clamping the workpiece, further improving the stability of the workpiece, and thus improving the processing quality.

[0062] In this embodiment, the rotation control mechanism 42 includes a fifth cylinder, a rotary cylinder 421, a rotating plate 422, and a plurality of first vacuum suction cups 423. The fifth cylinder is mounted on the control box 41 and is used to drive the rotary cylinder 421 to move up and down. The rotating plate 422 is mounted on the output end of the rotary cylinder 421. The plurality of first vacuum suction cups 423 are mounted on the rotating plate 422. Specifically, after the front end face of the workpiece is processed, the fifth cylinder drives the rotary cylinder 421 to move upward, so that the first vacuum suction cups 423 can pick up and lift the workpiece. Then the rotary cylinder 421 drives the rotating plate 422 to rotate, so that the workpiece rotates, thereby realizing the orientation adjustment of the workpiece. Then the fifth cylinder drives the rotary cylinder 421 to move downward, so that the workpiece can be placed back on the rocker plate 431.

[0063] In this embodiment, the transverse drive device 2 includes a transverse base 21; a plurality of rigid rails 22 are mounted on the base 1, and the transverse base 21 is provided with a groove at the position corresponding to the rigid rail 22. An insert 23 is mounted on the wall of the groove, and the rigid rail 22 is placed in the groove and in contact with the insert 23; a linear rail 24 is also mounted on the base 1, and a slider 25 is slidably connected to the linear rail 24; the transverse base 21 is provided with a height-adjustable support mechanism 26 at the position corresponding to the linear rail 24, and the support mechanism 26 is connected to the slider 25; a first drive mechanism 27 is mounted on the base 1, and the first drive mechanism 27 is used to drive the transverse base 21 to slide; a first rotary driver 28 is mounted on the transverse base 21, and the processing table 3 is mounted on the output end of the first rotary driver 28.

[0064] Furthermore, the support mechanism 26 includes an adjusting block 261 and two pad blocks 262. The adjusting block 261 is fixedly connected to the transverse sliding seat 21. Both ends of the bottom of the adjusting block 261 are provided with inclined surfaces. The top surface of the pad block 262 is inclined and has the same inclination as the inclined surface. The two pad blocks 262 are located at the two ends of the bottom of the adjusting block 261, and their top surfaces are in contact with the corresponding inclined surfaces. A sliding rod is installed on the slider 25. The pad block 262 is provided with a through groove 265 opened along the length direction of the linear guide 24. The sliding rod passes through the through groove 265 and is slidably connected to the adjusting block 261. A side block 263 is installed at the end of the pad block 262. A strip hole 264 is opened on the side block 263. A bolt is provided in the strip hole 264. The head of the bolt is in contact with the side block 263, and its stud is threadedly connected to the adjusting block 261, thereby fixing the position of the pad block 262.

[0065] In practical applications, due to the reciprocating sliding of the transverse sliding seat 21, the rigid rail 22 inevitably wears down, resulting in a gap between the rigid rail 22 and the transverse sliding seat 21. This means the rigid rail 22 can no longer support the transverse sliding seat 21, leaving only the linear guide 24 to support the processing table 3, increasing the load on the linear guide 24 and making it prone to damage. However, with the aforementioned support mechanism 26, when a gap occurs between the transverse sliding seat 21 and the rigid rail 22, the bolt can be turned outwards, and the two pads 262 can be pulled outwards respectively. With the cooperation of the top surface and the inclined surface of the pads 262, the adjusting block 261 will move downwards, causing the transverse sliding seat 21 to change position and re-engage with the rigid rail 22.

[0066] In this embodiment, the insert 23 has a lubrication groove 231 on the side near the rigid rail 22. The insert 23 has an oil injection channel 232 inside, with the oil inlet of the channel located at the side end of the insert 23 and its outlet connected to the lubrication groove 231. Specifically, before starting the machine tool, lubricating oil is injected into the lubrication groove 231 through the oil injection channel 232 to reduce friction between the rigid rail 22 and the insert 23, making their sliding smoother, reducing wear, and extending the service life of both the rigid rail 22 and the insert 23.

[0067] Furthermore, the side of the insert 23 away from the rigid rail 22 is inclined, and the inner wall of the slide groove is also inclined. With this design, when a gap is generated between the insert 23 and the rigid rail 22 due to wear, the position of the insert 23 can be adjusted to make the insert 23 and the rigid rail 22 re-engage, ensuring the positioning accuracy between the transverse slide seat 21 and the rigid rail 22.

[0068] In this embodiment, the first drive mechanism 27 includes a fourth motor 271, a first lead screw 272, and a first lead screw nut 273. The fourth motor 271 is mounted on the base 1, and the first lead screw 272 is rotatably connected to the base 1. One end of the first lead screw 272 is fixedly connected to the output end of the fourth motor 271, and the other end is equipped with an oil return cooling structure. The oil return cooling structure includes an oil return seat 274 and an oil return pipe 275. The oil return seat 274 is mounted on the base 1 and has a liquid storage chamber 2743 inside. The end of the first lead screw 272 is rotatably connected to the oil return seat 274. The first lead screw 272 has a liquid passage chamber 2721 formed by opening inward from the end near the oil return seat 274. The liquid passage chamber 2721 consists of a main chamber, a secondary chamber 2721a, and several spiral channels 2721b. The secondary chamber 2721a is located in the main chamber away from the oil return seat 274. On one side, the diameter of the secondary chamber 2721a is larger than that of the main chamber. Several spiral channels 2721b are formed by opening outward from the cavity wall of the main chamber. The return oil pipe 275 is in contact with the wall of the main chamber, and one end of it extends into the secondary chamber 2721a. The other end is connected to the return oil seat 274 through a rotary joint. Several spiral channels 2721b cooperate with the outer wall of the return oil pipe 275 to form a return liquid gap. The two ends of the return liquid gap are respectively connected to the secondary chamber 2721a and the liquid storage chamber 2743. The return oil seat 274 is provided with an inlet pipe 2741 and an outlet pipe 2742. The inlet pipe 2741 is connected to the inner cavity of the return oil pipe 275 through a rotary joint. The outlet pipe 2742 is connected to the liquid storage chamber 2743. The first lead screw nut 273 is threadedly connected to the first lead screw 272 and is fixedly connected to the transverse shift seat 21. This application utilizes the oil return seat 274 and oil return pipe 275 to achieve natural cooling of the first lead screw 272. Specifically, after coolant is introduced into the inlet pipe 2741 of the oil return seat 274, it flows in along the oil return pipe 275 and out from the other end of the oil return pipe 275. After being discharged from the oil return pipe 275, the coolant enters the secondary chamber 2721a. The coolant in the secondary chamber 2721a flows along the spiral channel 2721b and finally enters the reservoir 2743, and is discharged from the outlet pipe 2742. The coolant's flow along the spiral channel 2721b corresponds to its circumferential movement along the first lead screw 272, ensuring sufficient contact with the first lead screw 272 and achieving optimal cooling. This design allows the coolant to carry away a large amount of heat from the first lead screw 272, preventing overheating, extending its service life, and reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

[0069] It should be noted that existing horizontal machining centers (see utility model patent with publication number CN218800856U) often use a drive component to drive the column or spindle box to move laterally as a whole, thereby controlling the milling depth. However, the column or spindle box itself is quite heavy, and the stability and smoothness of the movement when the drive component drives the column or spindle box are poor, which leads to unstable and unsmooth spindle movement, which can easily affect the machining quality.

[0070] To address the aforementioned issues, in this embodiment, the spindle housing 6 includes a housing 61, a spindle 62, a first drive assembly 63, and a second drive assembly 64. The housing 61 has a sliding hole adapted to the spindle 62, and a first bearing is installed within the sliding hole. The spindle 62 passes through the sliding hole and is connected to the first bearing. The first drive assembly 63 is mounted on the housing 61 and drives the spindle 62 to extend and retract horizontally. The second drive assembly 64 is mounted on the housing 61 and drives the spindle 62 to rotate. The design of using the first drive assembly 63 to directly control the fine-tuning of the spindle 62, enabling the spindle 62 to drive the cutting tool to perform milling operations on the workpiece, ensures both the smoothness and stability of the spindle 62, effectively improving the workpiece machining quality.

[0071] Furthermore, the first drive assembly 63 includes a second lead screw 631, a second lead screw nut 632, and a second motor 633. The second lead screw 631 is rotatably connected to the housing 61, and the second lead screw nut 632 is threadedly connected to the second lead screw 631. The second motor 633 is mounted on the housing 61 and is used to drive the second lead screw 631 to rotate. The second lead screw nut 632 is provided with a connecting seat 634, and the main shaft 62 is provided with a limiting structure that abuts against both ends of the connecting seat 634. The connecting seat 634 is provided with a second bearing 635, and the main shaft 62 is connected to the second bearing 635.

[0072] Furthermore, the second drive assembly 64 includes a third motor 641, a drive gear 642, and a driven gear 643. The third motor 641 is mounted on the housing 61 and drives the drive gear 642 to rotate. The driven gear 643 is mounted on the main shaft 62 and meshes with the drive gear 642. It should be noted that the drive gear 643 can slide relative to the main shaft 62, or the length of the main shaft gear 643 can be extended to ensure that when the first drive assembly 63 drives the main shaft to slide, the second drive assembly 64 can drive the main shaft to rotate.

[0073] In this embodiment, the spindle 62 includes a sleeve 621, a central shaft 622, and a hydraulic cylinder 623. The sleeve 621 has a hollow structure and a tool mounting port 624 with a gradually narrowing diameter at one end. The central shaft 622 is placed inside the sleeve 621, and a latch 625 is provided inside the tool mounting port 624. The latch 625 is hinged to the central shaft 622. The hydraulic cylinder 623 is mounted on the sleeve 621 and is used to drive the central shaft 622 to slide telescopically. The central shaft 622 is fitted with a disc spring assembly composed of several disc springs 626. One end of the disc spring assembly is connected to the sleeve 21, and the other end is connected to the central shaft 22. Specifically, when installing the tool, first insert the end of the tool into the tool mounting port 624. At this time, the locking buckle 625 abuts against the outside of the tool. Then, the hydraulic cylinder 623 pulls the central shaft 622. Under the action of the inner wall of the tool mounting port 624, the locking buckle 625 gradually locks the tool, thereby fixing the tool to the spindle 62. The disc spring 626 applies a backward thrust to the central shaft 622, further improving the tool locking effect. Conversely, when removing the tool, simply drive the hydraulic cylinder 623 to push the central shaft 622, which will remove the force of the inner wall of the tool mounting port 624 on the locking buckle 625. The locking buckle 625 will then lose its locking force on the tool, and the tool can be removed from the spindle 62.

[0074] In this embodiment, the tool magazine 8 is located on the side of the column 5 away from the spindle box 6, and includes a first motor 81, a transmission chain, two transmission wheels 82, and several tool holders 83; the two transmission wheels 82 are mounted on the column 5; the transmission chain is connected to the two transmission wheels 82; the first motor 81 is used to drive any one of the transmission wheels 82 to rotate; an annular slide rail is mounted on the column 5, and the several tool holders 83 are slidably connected to the annular slide rail and are all fixedly connected to the transmission chain.

[0075] Furthermore, the tool changing device 9 includes an L-shaped slide rail 91, a trolley 92, a clamping component 93, a first driver, a second driver, and a third driver; the L-shaped slide rail 91 is mounted on the column 5, the trolley 92 is slidably connected to the L-shaped slide rail 91, the first driver is mounted on the column 5 and is used to drive the trolley 92 to slide along the L-shaped slide rail 91; the second driver is mounted on the trolley 92 and is used to drive the third driver to rotate, the clamping component 93 is mounted on the output end of the third driver and is controlled to move by the third driver, and both ends of the clamping component 93 are provided with clamping parts.

[0076] In practical applications, based on the information fed back by the system, the first motor 81 can drive the transmission wheel 82 to rotate, thereby causing the transmission chain to control the tool mounting seat with the corresponding tool to move to the tool output position. Then, the first driver controls the trolley 92 to move along the L-shaped slide rail 91 to the tool output position, and the clamping member 93 will clamp the corresponding tool. The third driver controls the clamping member 93 to remove the tool. Then, the trolley 92 resets, and the clamping member 93 removes the tool from the spindle 62. The second driver controls the clamping member 93 to rotate, so that the tool positions are exchanged. Finally, the third driver controls the clamping member 93 to drive the new tool to be inserted into the spindle 62. In this way, the tool changing operation is completed.

[0077] In this embodiment, a spiral chip removal mechanism 10 is provided on the side of the machining table 3, and a waste chip output mechanism 11 is provided on the side of the base 1. The output end of the spiral chip removal mechanism 10 is located above the waste chip output mechanism 11. With this design, the waste chips generated by milling can be carried by the spiral chip removal mechanism 10 to the waste chip output mechanism 11, and then discharged outward by the waste chip output mechanism 11 for unified processing.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its structure is not limited to the shapes listed above. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC horizontal machining center, characterized in that: Includes a base, a transverse drive mechanism, a machining table, a clamping fixture, a column, and a spindle box, wherein: The transverse drive device is mounted on the base and is used to drive the processing table to move in the horizontal direction; The clamping fixture is mounted on the processing table and includes a control box, a rotation control mechanism, and two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms. The control box is fixedly connected to the processing table. The two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the control box. Each angle adjustment mechanism includes a rocker arm, a driving wheel, and a driven wheel. The rocker arm is rotatably connected to the top of the control box. The driving wheel and the driven wheel are both located below the rocker arm and distributed on both sides of the connection between the rocker arm and the control box. The control box is equipped with an electric slide and a first cylinder. The electric slide is used to drive the driving wheel closer to or away from the driven wheel, and the first cylinder is used to drive the driven wheel to move up and down. The distance between the top surface of the driving wheel and the top surface of the control box is specified. The first difference is denoted as the first difference. When the rocker is in a horizontal state, the distance between its bottom surface and the top surface of the control box is denoted as the second difference. The first difference must be less than the second difference. A moving block is provided below the drive wheel, and the drive wheel is mounted on the moving block. An electric slide is used to drive the moving block to move. The moving block includes a first sliding layer and a second sliding layer. The top of the first sliding layer is provided with a limiting protrusion and several support rods. The second sliding layer is located above the first sliding layer and is slidably connected to several support rods. Its bottom is in contact with the limiting protrusion. A wedge is provided on the outside of the moving block, and the wedge is mounted on the control box. A shaped part clamping mechanism and a pressing mechanism are installed on the rocker. The rotation control mechanism is located between the two sets of angle adjustment mechanisms and is mounted on the control box. The column is located outside the machining table and is mounted on the base; the column is equipped with a lifting drive device, which is used to drive the spindle box to move up and down; the spindle box is equipped with a flipping mechanism; the column is also equipped with a tool magazine and a tool changing device. The rotation control mechanism includes a fifth cylinder, a rotary cylinder, a rotary plate, and a plurality of first vacuum suction cups; the fifth cylinder is mounted on the control box and is used to drive the rotary cylinder to move up and down; the rotary plate is mounted on the output end of the rotary cylinder; and the plurality of first vacuum suction cups are mounted on the rotary plate. The spindle housing includes a housing, a spindle, a first drive assembly, and a second drive assembly. The housing has a sliding hole adapted to the spindle, and a first bearing is disposed in the sliding hole. The spindle passes through the sliding hole and is connected to the first bearing. The first drive assembly is mounted on the housing and is used to drive the spindle to slide horizontally. The second drive assembly is mounted on the housing and is used to drive the spindle to rotate. The spindle includes a sleeve, a central shaft, and a hydraulic cylinder; the sleeve has a hollow structure and one end has a tool mounting port with a gradually narrowing diameter; the central shaft is placed inside the sleeve, and a locking buckle is provided in the tool mounting port, which is hinged to the central shaft; the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the sleeve and is used to drive the central shaft to extend and slide; the central shaft is fitted with a disc spring assembly composed of several disc springs, one end of which is connected to the sleeve and the other end of which is connected to the central shaft.

2. The CNC horizontal machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism includes a third cylinder, a pressure rod, a gear, a rack, and a fourth cylinder; the gear is rotatably connected to the rocker plate; the third cylinder is mounted on the gear, and the pressure rod is mounted on the output end of the third cylinder, which is driven to move up and down by the third cylinder; The rack is slidably connected to the seesaw and meshes with the gear. The fourth cylinder is mounted on the seesaw and is used to drive the rack to slide.

3. The CNC horizontal machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irregular part clamping mechanism includes a second cylinder, a movable plate, and several clamping components; the movable plate is slidably connected to the rocker arm, and the second cylinder is mounted on the rocker arm to drive the movable plate to slide; several clamping components are evenly distributed on the movable plate, and each clamping component includes a guide rod, an elastic element, and a flexible abutment element; the guide rod is fixedly connected to the movable plate, the flexible abutment element is slidably connected to the guide rod, and its end is placed outside the guide rod; the elastic element is provided on the guide rod, one end of which is connected to the flexible abutment element, and the other end is connected to the movable plate.

4. The CNC horizontal machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse drive device includes a transverse base; a plurality of rigid rails are mounted on the base, and the transverse base has a groove at a position corresponding to the rigid rail. An insert is mounted on the wall of the groove, and the rigid rail is placed in the groove and in contact with the insert. A linear guide is also mounted on the base, and a slider is slidably connected to the linear guide. The transverse base has a height-adjustable support mechanism at a position corresponding to the linear guide, and the support mechanism is connected to the slider. A first drive mechanism is mounted on the base to drive the transverse base to slide. A first rotary driver is mounted on the transverse base, and the processing table is mounted on the output end of the first rotary driver.

5. A CNC horizontal machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support mechanism includes an adjusting block and two pads. The adjusting block is fixedly connected to the transverse sliding seat. Both ends of the bottom of the adjusting block are provided with inclined surfaces. The top surface of the pad is inclined and has the same inclination as the inclined surface. The two pads are located at the two ends of the bottom of the adjusting block, and their top surfaces are in contact with the corresponding inclined surfaces. A sliding rod is installed on the slider. The pad is provided with a through groove along the length direction of the linear guide. The sliding rod passes through the through groove. The adjusting block is slidably connected to the sliding rod. A side block is installed at the end of the pad. A strip hole is opened on the side block. A bolt is installed in the strip hole. The bolt is threadedly connected to the adjusting block.

6. A CNC horizontal machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool magazine is located on the side of the column away from the spindle box, and includes a first motor, a transmission chain, two transmission wheels, and several tool holders; the two transmission wheels are mounted on the column; the transmission chain is connected to the two transmission wheels; the first motor is used to drive any one of the transmission wheels to rotate; an annular slide rail is mounted on the column, and the several tool holders are slidably connected to the annular slide rail and fixedly connected to the transmission chain.

7. A CNC horizontal machining center according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tool changing device includes an L-shaped slide rail, a trolley, a clamping component, a first driver, a second driver, and a third driver. The L-shaped slide rail is mounted on the column, the trolley is slidably connected to the L-shaped slide rail, the first driver is mounted on the column and is used to drive the trolley to slide along the L-shaped slide rail, the second driver is mounted on the trolley and is used to drive the third driver to rotate, the clamping component is mounted on the output end of the third driver and is controlled to move by the third driver, and both ends of the clamping component are provided with clamping parts.

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