A small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion

Abstract

The application discloses a small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of water and soil loss, which comprises a box body, a partition plate is arranged in the box body, and the box body is divided into a sediment interception area and a runoff measurement area through the partition plate; a drain pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the partition plate and communicates the sediment interception area with the runoff measurement area; a plurality of groups of sediment interception-flow slowing systems are sequentially arranged in the sediment interception area, a drainage pipe is detachably connected to the top side wall of the sediment interception-flow slowing system, and adjacent two groups of the sediment interception-flow slowing systems are communicated through the drainage pipe; a box cover is detachably connected to the top end of the box body, a flow guide pipe is detachably connected to the box cover, and the bottom end of the flow guide pipe is correspondingly arranged with the sediment interception-flow slowing system at one end; and a runoff measurement piece is detachably arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the box body and used for measuring the runoff in the runoff measurement area. The application realizes the target of collecting the sediment amount in the case of unattended.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and water loss monitoring technology, and in particular to a small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil and water loss. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion easily triggers a series of ecological and environmental problems that affect sustainable social development, such as declining agricultural productivity, widespread non-point source pollution, and fragile ecosystems. The extensive agricultural development model adopted by most countries today generally leads to widespread soil degradation problems, exemplified by soil erosion. Quantitatively measuring the quantity, rate, and distribution of soil erosion can serve many social needs, including soil erosion surveys, research on soil erosion mechanisms, development of soil erosion prediction models, evaluation of the economic and environmental benefits of soil and water conservation, and the formulation of relevant policies and regulations. However, due to the slow and insidious nature of soil erosion, accurate, dynamic, and long-term monitoring of soil erosion volume is not easily achieved through technical measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a small-scale runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion, comprising a housing, wherein a partition plate is fixedly installed inside the housing, dividing the housing into a sediment interception zone and a runoff measurement zone by the partition plate, and a drainage pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the partition plate, the sediment interception zone and the runoff measurement zone being connected through the drainage pipe; several sets of sediment interception-slow flow systems are sequentially installed in the sediment interception zone, and a drainage pipe is detachably connected to the top side wall of the sediment interception-slow flow system, with adjacent sets of sediment interception-slow flow systems being connected through the drainage pipe;

[0005] The top of the box is detachably connected to a box cover, and a guide pipe is detachably connected to the box cover. The bottom end of the guide pipe is correspondingly set to the sediment interception-slow flow system located at one end. The guide pipe is used to collect and guide runoff into the sediment interception-slow flow system. The sediment interception-slow flow system is used to intercept sediment and reduce runoff velocity.

[0006] A runoff measuring device is detachably installed on the bottom of the outer wall of the housing. The runoff measuring device is used to measure the runoff within the runoff measurement area.

[0007] Preferably, the top end of the guide pipe is threadedly connected to a collecting pipe, and a filter screen is detachably installed at the inlet of the collecting pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the sediment interception-deceleration system includes an installation frame, the top and bottom of which are hollow structures; several soil sieves are stacked on the installation frame from top to bottom, and the aperture of the soil sieves decreases from top to bottom; several sieve sleeves are stacked at both ends of the soil sieves, and a threaded opening is provided on the side wall of the uppermost sieve sleeve, through which the drainage pipe is threadedly connected to the sieve sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting frame includes two corresponding connecting rings, and three connecting rods are arranged between the two connecting rings. The three connecting rods are evenly spaced along the circumference of the connecting rings. Each of the two connecting rings is provided with a movable buckle. The two ends of one connecting rod are detachably connected to the two connecting rings respectively through the movable buckle. The two ends of the remaining two connecting rods are welded and fixed to the two connecting rings respectively. The soil sieve and the sieve sleeve are both arranged inside the three connecting rods. A handle is installed on the upper connecting ring.

[0010] Preferably, the sediment interception zone is further provided with a water filter and a drainage slope. The drainage slope is detachably installed on the bottom plate of the box body, the water filter is located above the drainage slope, the water filter is detachably installed on the inner wall of the box body, the mounting bracket is placed on the top surface of the water filter, and the drain pipe is located below the water filter.

[0011] Preferably, an overflow pipe is detachably connected to the top of the partition plate, and a drainage pipe on the sediment interception-slow flow system at the end away from the guide pipe is detachably connected to the overflow pipe; a sand-blocking net is provided in the runoff measurement area, and the sand-blocking net is detachably installed on the inner wall of the box, and the sand-blocking net is located between the runoff measuring element and the overflow pipe.

[0012] Preferably, a handle is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the box.

[0013] Preferably, the runoff measuring device is one of a water meter / water flow meter / water flow sensor equipped with a valve.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0015] 1. The small-scale runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion provided by this invention adopts a drainage and sediment interception mode. The device is small in size, compact in structure, and portable, reducing the difficulty of constructing sediment collection devices in mountainous areas with thin soil layers. It solves the problem of measuring sediment caused by rainwater splash and runoff scouring in the catchment area demarcated on natural slopes or in artificially constructed slope runoff plots. This invention can significantly improve the monitoring efficiency of soil erosion runoff sediment and reduce the technical threshold and labor intensity of dedicated personnel responsible for monitoring soil erosion runoff and sediment, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0016] 2. This invention can collect eroded sediment, which is beneficial for systematic analysis of the characteristics of eroded sediment and for accurate observation of soil water erosion. Through multiple sediment interception-slow flow systems set in the box, it effectively achieves sediment separation and completes the sediment collection target without human intervention, relying on principles such as "sediment sorting", "sediment settling law" and "filtration runoff".

[0017] 3. The present invention sets up multiple sediment interception-flow slowing systems, which reduces the risks caused by excessive runoff and slows down the flow velocity, thus maximizing the protection of the device's operation. The device is equipped with runoff measuring components, which can automatically measure runoff, making it easier to achieve accurate observation of slope runoff with minimal manpower. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0021] The components include: 1. Box body; 2. Divider plate; 3. Drainage pipe; 4. Drainage pipe; 5. Box cover; 6. Guide pipe; 7. Collection pipe; 8. Filter screen; 9. Mounting frame; 91. Connecting ring; 92. Connecting rod; 10. Soil sieve; 11. Sieve sleeve; 12. Water filter screen; 13. Drainage slope plate; 14. Overflow pipe; 15. Sand trap net; 16. Runoff measuring device. Detailed Implementation

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other. The described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] This invention provides a small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion, comprising a housing 1, with a partition plate 2 fixedly installed inside the housing 1, dividing the housing 1 into a sediment interception zone and a runoff measurement zone by the partition plate 2. A drainage pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the partition plate 2, and the sediment interception zone and the runoff measurement zone are connected by the drainage pipe 3. Several sets of sediment interception-slow flow systems are installed sequentially in the sediment interception zone, and a drainage pipe 4 is detachably connected to the top side wall of the sediment interception-slow flow system. Adjacent sets of sediment interception-slow flow systems are connected by the drainage pipe 4.

[0024] The top of the box body 1 is detachably connected to the box cover 5 by a buckle. The box cover 5 is threadedly connected to the guide pipe 6. The threaded connection can achieve the effect of sealing and preventing leakage. The bottom end of the guide pipe 6 is set to correspond to the sediment interception-slow flow system located at one end. The guide pipe 6 is used to collect and guide the runoff into the sediment interception-slow flow system. The sediment interception-slow flow system is used to intercept sediment and reduce the runoff velocity.

[0025] The bottom of the outer wall of the housing 1 is threaded with a runoff measuring element 16, which is used to measure the runoff in the runoff measurement area.

[0026] Furthermore, a collecting pipe 7 is threadedly connected to the top of the guide pipe 6, and a filter screen 8 is detachably installed at the inlet of the collecting pipe 7. The collecting pipe 7 not only facilitates the collection and guidance of runoff, but also, by installing the filter screen 8 on the collecting pipe 7, can initially intercept fallen leaves and branches.

[0027] Furthermore, to reduce the risk of excessive runoff and simultaneously slow down the flow velocity, thus maximizing the operational safety of the device, the sediment interception-flow mitigation system includes a mounting frame 9, with hollow structures at both the top and bottom. Several soil sieves 10 are stacked sequentially on the mounting frame 9 from top to bottom, with the aperture diameter of the soil sieves 10 decreasing sequentially from top to bottom. Several sieve sleeves 11 are stacked at both the top and bottom ends of each soil sieve 10. A threaded opening is provided on the side wall of the uppermost sieve sleeve 11, through which the drainage pipe 4 is threadedly connected to the sieve sleeve 11. The aperture size and number of the soil sieves 10 can be adjusted according to soil type and usage requirements, and the number of sieve sleeves 11 can be adjusted according to the flow mitigation efficiency.

[0028] Furthermore, to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the soil sieve 10 and sieve sleeve 11, the mounting frame 9 includes two corresponding connecting rings 91, and three connecting rods 92 are arranged between the two connecting rings 91. The three connecting rods 92 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the connecting rings 91. Each of the two connecting rings 91 is provided with a movable buckle. The two ends of one connecting rod 92 are detachably connected to the two connecting rings 91 respectively through the movable buckle. The two ends of the remaining two connecting rods 92 are welded and fixed to the two connecting rings 91 respectively. The soil sieve 10 and sieve sleeve 11 are both located inside the three connecting rods 92. A handle is installed on the upper connecting ring 91.

[0029] Furthermore, to improve the sediment interception effect and facilitate the drainage of water from the sediment interception zone, a filter screen 12 and a drainage slope 13 are also installed within the sediment interception zone. The drainage slope 13 is detachably installed on the bottom plate of the housing 1 via movable clips. The filter screen 12 is positioned above the drainage slope 13 and is detachably installed on the inner wall of the housing 1 via movable clips. The mounting bracket 9 is placed on the top surface of the filter screen 12, and the drain pipe 3 is located below the filter screen 12. The movable clips facilitate the subsequent disassembly and cleaning of the filter screen 12 and the drainage slope 13.

[0030] Furthermore, to prevent runoff carrying sediment from entering the runoff measurement area when the sediment interception-slow flow system cannot meet normal operating requirements, the top of the partition plate 2 is threaded with an overflow pipe 14, and the drainage pipe 4 on the sediment interception-slow flow system at the end away from the guide pipe 6 is threaded with the overflow pipe 14; a sand-blocking net 15 is installed in the runoff measurement area, and the sand-blocking net 15 is detachably installed on the inner wall of the box 1, and the sand-blocking net 15 is set between the runoff measuring component 16 and the overflow pipe 14.

[0031] Furthermore, a handle is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the box 1.

[0032] Furthermore, the runoff measuring element 16 is one of a water meter / water flow meter / water flow sensor equipped with a valve. By setting the valve, the start and end times of the measurement can be precisely controlled.

[0033] The small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion provided by this invention requires the following steps before use: First, install the collection pipe 7, the guide pipe 6, and the water meter equipped with a valve. Specific implementation details:

[0034] When rainfall occurs, if the soil infiltration rate on the slope is less than the rainfall rate, the runoff containing sediment generated on the slope will first pass through the screen on the collection pipe 7 to intercept impurities such as dead branches and fallen leaves in the runoff. The remaining runoff containing sediment will then enter the sediment interception zone through the guide pipe 6.

[0035] The runoff containing sediment first flows into the first set of sediment interception-slowing systems. After sediment interception, the runoff passes through three layers of soil sieves 10, allowing for sediment deposition at a relatively slow flow velocity. Finally, the filtered runoff is concentrated in the runoff measurement area by the bottom drainage slope 13. If the flow velocity is too high, or if soil particles or impurities clog the sieve openings, causing the first set of sediment interception-slowing systems to be unable to meet normal operating requirements, some of the sediment-containing runoff will enter the second set of sediment interception-slowing systems through the diversion pipe 4 for sediment interception and slowing, and finally enter the runoff measurement area. Similarly, if the second set of sediment interception-slowing systems cannot meet normal operating requirements, the third set of sediment interception-slowing systems will begin operation, and the runoff will finally enter the runoff measurement area. If all three sets of sediment interception-slowing systems also cannot meet normal operating requirements, the sediment-laden runoff will be discharged into the water tank through the overflow pipe 14, where it will be intercepted by the sand-blocking net 15 before finally entering the runoff measurement area.

[0036] When the experiment ended, all the runoff sediment was intercepted by the device. The soil sieve 10, sieve sleeve 11, water filter 12, and sand trap 15 were removed to collect and measure the amount of sediment. The runoff flow rate was recorded by the flow meter.

[0037] This invention can collect eroded sediment, which is beneficial for systematic analysis of eroded sediment characteristics and for accurate observation of soil water erosion. Through multiple sediment interception and flow mitigation systems installed within the housing 1, the goal of sediment collection is effectively achieved without human intervention, relying on principles such as "sediment sorting," "sediment settling patterns," and "filtered runoff." Furthermore, the multiple sediment interception and flow mitigation systems reduce the risks associated with excessive runoff and slow down the flow velocity, maximizing the operational safety of the device. The device is equipped with a water meter to automatically measure runoff, facilitating accurate observation of slope runoff with minimal human intervention.

[0038] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A small-scale runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion, characterized in that, The system includes a housing (1), inside which a partition plate (2) is fixedly installed. The housing (1) is divided into a sediment interception zone and a runoff measurement zone by the partition plate (2). A drain pipe (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the partition plate (2). The sediment interception zone and the runoff measurement zone are connected by the drain pipe (3). Several sets of sediment interception-slow flow systems are installed sequentially in the sediment interception zone. A drainage pipe (4) is detachably connected to the top side wall of the sediment interception-slow flow system. Two adjacent sets of sediment interception-slow flow systems are connected by the drainage pipe (4). The top of the box (1) is detachably connected to a box cover (5), and a guide pipe (6) is detachably connected to the box cover (5). The bottom end of the guide pipe (6) is correspondingly set to the sediment interception-slow flow system located at one end. The guide pipe (6) is used to collect and guide runoff into the sediment interception-slow flow system. The sediment interception-slow flow system is used to intercept sediment and reduce runoff velocity. The bottom of the outer wall of the box (1) is detachably equipped with a runoff measuring device (16), which is used to measure the runoff in the runoff measurement area; The sediment interception-slow flow system includes an installation frame (9), the top and bottom of which are hollow structures; several soil sieves (10) are stacked on the installation frame (9) from top to bottom, and the aperture of the soil sieves (10) decreases from top to bottom; several sieve sleeves (11) are stacked on both the top and bottom ends of the soil sieves (10), and a threaded opening is provided on the side wall of the uppermost sieve sleeve (11), and the drainage pipe (4) is threadedly connected to the sieve sleeve (11) through the threaded opening.

2. The small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top end of the guide pipe (6) is threadedly connected to the collecting pipe (7), and a filter screen (8) is detachably installed at the inlet of the collecting pipe (7).

3. The small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting frame (9) includes two corresponding connecting rings (91), and three connecting rods (92) are arranged between the two connecting rings (91). The three connecting rods (92) are evenly spaced along the circumference of the connecting rings (91). Each of the two connecting rings (91) is provided with a movable buckle. The two ends of one connecting rod (92) are detachably connected to the two connecting rings (91) respectively through the movable buckle. The two ends of the remaining two connecting rods (92) are welded and fixed to the two connecting rings (91) respectively. The soil sieve (10) and the sieve sleeve (11) are both arranged inside the three connecting rods (92). A handle is installed on the upper connecting ring (91).

4. The small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sediment interception zone is also equipped with a water filter (12) and a drainage slope (13). The drainage slope (13) is detachably installed on the bottom plate of the box (1). The water filter (12) is located above the drainage slope (13). The water filter (12) is detachably installed on the inner wall of the box (1). The mounting bracket (9) is placed on the top surface of the water filter (12). The drain pipe (3) is located below the water filter (12).

5. The small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, An overflow pipe (14) is detachably connected to the top of the partition plate (2), and the drainage pipe (4) on the sediment interception-slow flow system at the end away from the guide pipe (6) is detachably connected to the overflow pipe (14); a sand-blocking net (15) is provided in the runoff measurement area, and the sand-blocking net (15) is detachably installed on the inner wall of the box (1), and the sand-blocking net (15) is located between the runoff measuring element (16) and the overflow pipe (14).

6. The small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, A handle is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the box (1).

7. The small runoff-sediment separation device for in-situ monitoring of soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The runoff measuring device (16) is one of the following: a water meter / water flow meter / water flow sensor with a valve installed.

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