Pressure forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure and construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure and construction method, belonging to the field of roadbed structure engineering in permafrost. The roadbed structure includes a main roadbed body, a ventilation layer on top of which is equipped with a pressure-driven ventilation device. Anti-radiation components are installed on both sides of the top of the main roadbed body, extending along the entire length of the roadbed body. The ventilation layer is laid flat between the two anti-radiation components. Through the synergistic effect of the pressure-driven ventilation device, anti-radiation components, and roadbed insulation layer, engineering defects caused by water vapor migration and condensation in permafrost regions are addressed. Compared with existing construction methods, this method not only effectively protects permafrost stability but, more importantly, allows water vapor in the middle of the roadbed body to be actively expelled through a temperature gradient. Furthermore, compared with traditional ventilated roadbeds, it is unaffected by environmental wind speed and direction, does not affect roadbed stability, and is easier to construct.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadbed engineering in frozen soil subgrade, and particularly to a pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Most engineering defects in permafrost regions are related to hydrothermal changes in the permafrost, with defects caused by the migration of gaseous water being increasingly common, such as those affecting oil depots, highway subgrades, and airport runways. The extremely low winter temperatures at these project sites cause condensation and even sublimation of pore gaseous water into ice, exacerbating condensation and freezing. Current common treatment methods for highway subgrades in permafrost regions include: riprap slope protection, ventilated pipe subgrades, heat pipe subgrades, and insulation layer protection. In permafrost highway subgrades, there is a problem of gaseous water migration and accumulation beneath the subgrade surface layer. Furthermore, the gaseous water is significantly affected by temperature gradients, and under freeze-thaw cycles, the accumulation of moisture beneath the surface layer further leads to problems such as frost heave cracking, thaw settlement damage, and uneven settlement. Current traditional construction methods have the following problems:

[0003] First, current control measures for frozen soil subgrades mainly focus on controlling the temperature field, with fewer measures to control changes in the moisture field caused by the migration of gaseous water. Even though existing structures can inhibit water vapor migration to some extent by setting up perforated ventilation pipes and riprap subgrades, these measures still have problems such as the inability to guarantee subgrade stability, difficulty in repairing damaged components, and harsh construction conditions.

[0004] Secondly, the stability of the central part of the asphalt pavement is relatively poor. This is because the heat absorption of the asphalt surface layer leads to more drastic changes in the temperature field at the center of the roadbed, resulting in changes in the moisture field and thus affecting pavement stability. Existing drainage and temperature control measures are mostly focused on the one-dimensional vertical direction, with less emphasis on controlling roadbed stability through horizontal structure control. Furthermore, the construction sequence and methods for maintaining permafrost stability cannot be further controlled, failing to meet future engineering requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure and construction method, which solves the engineering problems in the prior art, such as uneven water and heat distribution under the surface layer due to the heat absorption effect of asphalt pavement, which leads to water vapor migration and condensation, resulting in cracking and uneven settlement of the traditional roadbed structure.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a pressure-type forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure, which includes a roadbed body, and multiple ventilation layers are spaced apart on the top of the roadbed body along its length direction, and each ventilation layer is equipped with a pressure-type ventilation device inside.

[0007] Anti-radiation components are installed on both sides of the top of the main roadbed, and the anti-radiation components are laid along the entire extension direction of the main roadbed; the ventilation layer is laid flat between the two anti-radiation components.

[0008] Furthermore, the main body of the roadbed is filled with silt, while the ventilation layer is filled with sand.

[0009] Furthermore, seepage-proof slopes are provided on both sides of the main roadbed.

[0010] Furthermore, a roadbed insulation layer is provided at the bottom center of the main roadbed structure, and the filling material of the roadbed insulation layer is a phase change insulation material; a water-proof layer is provided on top of the roadbed insulation layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the cross-section of the anti-radiation component has a near-right-angled triangular structure, and the anti-radiation component includes a horizontal panel, a vertical panel, and an inclined panel;

[0012] The horizontal panel is fixedly connected to the top of the roadbed body; the vertical panel is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pressure ventilation device.

[0013] The inclined panel connects the horizontal panel and the inclined panel.

[0014] Furthermore, the inclined panel includes a first panel and a second panel; the cross-section of the first panel is a closed arc-shaped structure that bends downwards, one side of the first panel is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical panel, the other side is fixedly connected to one side of the second panel, and the other side of the second panel is fixedly connected to one side of the horizontal panel.

[0015] The second panel has multiple fan-shaped vents, and each vent has an outwardly inclined guide plate on its exterior; the vertical panel has serpentine grooves.

[0016] Furthermore, each pressure ventilation device includes a bottom component disposed inside the top side of the ventilation layer, and a drainage groove is provided on the upper end surface of the bottom component; a pressure-bearing layer is provided on the top of the bottom component, and the upper end surface of the pressure-bearing layer is flush with the upper end surface of the ventilation layer.

[0017] Multiple deformable springs and air rods are installed between the bottom component and the pressure-bearing layer; the two ends of each deformable spring are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom component and the lower end face of the pressure-bearing layer, respectively; the tail end of each air rod is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom component, and the piston end of the air rod is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the pressure-bearing layer.

[0018] The upper surface of the bottom component is also equipped with a limiting post to limit the maximum height of the pressure-bearing layer from falling.

[0019] Furthermore, each pressure ventilation device also includes a wind-generating device disposed within the anti-radiation component. The wind-generating device includes a housing disposed within the anti-radiation component, the housing having an air inlet communicating with the bottom component and an air outlet communicating with the anti-radiation component;

[0020] A fan is installed inside the casing, and a transmission device is mounted on the fan. A chain that works with the transmission device is located on one side of the pressure-bearing layer. The pressure-bearing layer can drive the chain to descend, and the descending chain, in conjunction with the transmission device, enables the fan to rotate. The wind power generation device converts the deformation caused by the vehicle on the pressure-bearing layer into wind energy through gear transmission, effectively improving the air circulation efficiency within the ventilation layer.

[0021] Furthermore, each pressure ventilation device is equipped with a wind-force reset device. The wind-force reset device includes a rotating shaft installed within the bottom component, the rotating shaft being vertically positioned, with its top end located at the top of the pressure-bearing layer, and a bladeless fan installed at the top end of the rotating shaft; a drive bevel gear is installed at the bottom end of the rotating shaft;

[0022] A reset device is provided on one side of the rotating shaft. The reset device includes a reset outer sleeve and a reset push rod. The reset push rod is located inside the reset outer sleeve and the two are threadedly connected.

[0023] The bottom of the reset outer sleeve is provided with a driven bevel gear, and a horizontal transmission rod is provided between the driven bevel gear and the driving bevel gear. A bevel transmission gear is provided at each end of the horizontal transmission rod, and the two bevel transmission gears mesh with the driven bevel gear and the driving bevel gear respectively. The top of the reset top rod is provided with an elastic top block for contacting the inner end face of the top of the pressure layer.

[0024] A wind-driven bladeless fan rotates a rotating shaft, which in turn rotates the reset sleeve via a driving bevel gear, a horizontal transmission rod, and a driven bevel gear. This rotation, in turn, drives a threaded reset top rod to lift the pressure layer, achieving the effect of resetting the pressure layer. The thread distribution of the reset sleeve is determined by the site conditions of the wind-driven reset device. The elastic top block is made of flexible material, meaning that the reset action of the wind-driven reset device only works when the pressure layer is unloaded and will not affect the downward displacement of the pressure layer.

[0025] The present invention also provides a construction method for a pressure-type forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure, which includes step 1: determining the construction location of the main body of the roadbed through exploration;

[0026] Specifically, when selecting the construction location for the main roadbed, a well-ventilated and unobstructed natural environment should be chosen as much as possible. The exploration depth for the main roadbed should be no less than 8m and no less than 2 to 3 times the natural upper limit, while fully considering the influence of groundwater level and the type of permafrost settlement on site. During the excavation of the main roadbed, the height and design requirements of the main roadbed should be determined, and the main roadbed should be cleaned and reinforced. During the construction of the main roadbed, the excavation depth and width of the roadbed insulation layer should be determined first, and phase change insulation material should be filled in. The construction of the roadbed insulation layer should be controlled at the transition between winter and spring to ensure the stability of the temperature field of the main roadbed.

[0027] Step 2: At the construction site, the main body of the roadbed and the roadbed insulation layer located at the bottom center of the main body of the roadbed are filled using a layered flat construction method. During the filling of the roadbed insulation layer, a water-proof layer is set on top of the roadbed insulation layer.

[0028] Specifically, the compaction depth of the main roadbed should not exceed 30cm each time. The soil should primarily be local backfill soil, i.e., silt or silty clay, while carefully removing any unwanted debris. The selected soil should still meet the characteristics of high strength, good water stability, and low compressibility of the main roadbed fill material. Because silty clay contains a large amount of silt, exhibits severe capillary action, is easily eroded by wind, and its strength decreases sharply upon contact with water. Cohesive soil also has poor water stability, low strength, and large deformation; therefore, it should be mixed with gravel and sand when selecting backfill soil.

[0029] The main body of the roadbed is fine-grained soil, and its influencing factors include soil type, moisture content, compaction properties, and natural environment. The compaction process should strictly control the optimum moisture content and select appropriate compaction machinery, ensuring the compaction degree of the main roadbed is greater than 96%.

[0030] Step 3: After the main roadbed filling is completed, the anti-radiation components are laid along the entire extension direction of the main roadbed on both sides of the top of the main roadbed.

[0031] Specifically, the laying of the anti-radiation components is carried out simultaneously with the compaction of the main roadbed; the horizontal panels in the anti-radiation components are fixed to both sides of the road surface of the main roadbed using bolted connectors.

[0032] Step 4: Lay multiple pressure ventilation devices at equal intervals on the road surface of the main roadbed, with a spacing of 200m.

[0033] Specifically, firstly, bottom components are installed on the road surface of the main roadbed according to the plan. Then, multiple deformable springs and air rods are installed on the bottom components. The bottom ends of the springs and air rods are welded to the upper end face of the bottom components. The two work together to ensure the durability and coordinated deformation of the pressure ventilation device. Then, a pressure-bearing layer is set at the top of the springs and air rods. At the same time, a limiting post is set between the pressure-bearing layer and the bottom components. The limiting post is used to limit the maximum height of the pressure-bearing layer to avoid affecting the normal driving of vehicles. The maximum height of the pressure-bearing layer to fall does not exceed 15mm.

[0034] Step 5: Install a wind-generating device inside the anti-radiation component, and install a wind-resetting device on each pressure ventilation device;

[0035] Specifically, the wind power generation device converts the deformation caused by the vehicle on the pressure layer into wind energy through gear transmission. This not only effectively improves the efficiency of air circulation in the ventilation layer, but also eliminates environmental influences during construction, which is conducive to standardized construction.

[0036] The wind-driven resetting device is used to actively reset the pressure-bearing layer in a pressure ventilation system, effectively solving the problem of the pressure-bearing layer's inability to actively reset and its service life being reduced due to residual strain.

[0037] Step 6: Fill a ventilation layer on the road surface of the main roadbed. The road surface of the ventilation layer is flush with the bearing layer in the pressure ventilation device. Specifically, the ventilation layer is filled with boulders and gravels with a particle size greater than 40mm and a content greater than 70%. The ventilation layer is 30cm thick, and the maximum particle size of the filler should not be greater than 2 / 3 of the thickness of the filling layer, i.e., 20cm.

[0038] Step 7: Construct vertical anti-seepage slopes on both sides of the main roadbed. Specifically, the anti-seepage slope is 10cm thick, the filling material is clay, and the anti-seepage slope is treated with geogrid to prevent soil erosion.

[0039] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention addresses engineering defects caused by water vapor migration and condensation in permafrost regions through the synergistic effect of a pressure ventilation device, anti-radiation components, and a roadbed insulation layer. Compared with existing construction methods, it not only effectively protects the stability of permafrost but, more importantly, allows water vapor in the middle of the roadbed to be actively discharged through a temperature gradient. Moreover, compared with traditional ventilated roadbeds, it is not affected by environmental wind speed and direction, does not affect roadbed stability, and is easier to construct.

[0040] 2. Based on the problem of unstable temperature field in the middle of the roadbed caused by the heat absorption of asphalt in wide roadbeds, this invention specifically sets up a roadbed insulation layer at the bottom center of the main body of the roadbed to achieve heat insulation treatment at the bottom center of the main body of the roadbed, and more effectively protect the stability of the permafrost.

[0041] 3. The wind-driven reset device used in this invention is used to actively reset the pressure-bearing layer in a pressure ventilation device, which can effectively solve the problem that the pressure-bearing layer cannot be actively reset and its service life is reduced due to residual strain.

[0042] 4. The wind power generation device of the present invention converts the deformation caused by the vehicle on the pressure layer into wind energy through gear transmission, effectively improving the efficiency of air circulation in the ventilation layer.

[0043] 5. The anti-radiation component of the present invention reduces the solar energy absorption of the roadbed shoulder. Under the premise that the asphalt pavement in the center of the wide road absorbs heat, it creates a situation where the temperature in the middle of the roadbed is high and the temperature on both sides is low. Due to the influence of the temperature gradient on water vapor migration, that is, the characteristic of water vapor migrating from high temperature to low temperature, the moisture in the middle of the roadbed spontaneously migrates outward, which can reduce the engineering defects caused by the accumulation of moisture under the roadbed surface layer. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure.

[0045] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second panel in the anti-radiation component.

[0047] Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of a wind power generation device.

[0048] Figure 5 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the wind-powered reset device.

[0049] The components include: 1. Main roadbed; 2. Ventilation layer; 3. Pressure ventilation device; 31. Bottom component; 32. Pressure-bearing layer; 33. Deformation spring; 34. Air rod; 35. Limiting post; 36. Wind power generation device; 361. Shell; 362. Air inlet; 363. Air outlet; 364. Fan; 365. Transmission device; 366. Chain; 37. Wind power reset device; 371. Rotating shaft; 372. Bladeless fan; 373. 374. Active bevel gear; 375. Reset outer sleeve; 376. Reset top rod; 377. Driven bevel gear; 378. Horizontal transmission rod; 379. Bevel transmission gear; 370. Elastic top block; 4. Anti-radiation component; 401. Horizontal panel; 402. Vertical panel; 403. Inclined panel; 4031. First panel; 4032. Second panel; 5. Anti-seepage slope; 6. Subgrade insulation layer; 7. Ventilation hole; 8. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0051] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a pressure-type forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure, which includes a roadbed body 1. Multiple ventilation layers 2 are arranged at intervals along the length of the top of the roadbed body 1, and a pressure ventilation device 3 is arranged inside each ventilation layer 2.

[0052] The top two sides of the roadbed body 1 are provided with anti-radiation components 4, which are laid along the entire extension direction of the roadbed body 1; the ventilation layer 2 is laid flat between the two anti-radiation components 4.

[0053] Both sides of the main roadbed 1 are equipped with seepage prevention slopes 5.

[0054] A roadbed insulation layer 6 is installed at the bottom center of the main roadbed 1, and the filling material of the roadbed insulation layer 6 is a phase change insulation material; a waterproof layer is installed on top of the roadbed insulation layer 6. Specifically, based on the problem of unstable temperature field in the middle of the roadbed caused by the heat absorption of asphalt in wide roadbeds, a roadbed insulation layer 6 is specifically installed at the bottom center of the main roadbed 1 to achieve heat insulation treatment at the bottom center of the main roadbed 1, and to more effectively protect the stability of permafrost.

[0055] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the cross-section of the anti-radiation component 4 is a near-right-angled triangle structure. The anti-radiation component 4 includes a horizontal panel 401, a vertical panel 402, and an inclined panel 403.

[0056] The horizontal panel 401 is fixedly connected to the top of the roadbed body 1; the vertical panel 402 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pressure ventilation device 3; the inclined panel connects the horizontal panel 401 and the inclined panel 403. The vertical panel 402 is provided with a serpentine groove to ensure the contact area between the anti-radiation component 4 and the soil while ensuring the stability of the soil in the ventilation layer 2.

[0057] Furthermore, the inclined panel 403 includes a first panel 4031 and a second panel 4032; the cross-section of the first panel 4031 is a closed arc-shaped structure that bends downwards; one side of the first panel 4031 is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical panel 402, and the other side is fixedly connected to one side of the second panel 4032; the other side of the second panel 4032 is fixedly connected to one side of the horizontal panel 401.

[0058] The second panel 4032 has multiple fan-shaped ventilation holes 7, each with an outwardly inclined guide plate 8. This design ensures ventilation of the anti-radiation component 4, reduces liquid water infiltration, and improves anti-radiation efficiency. The anti-radiation component 4 reduces solar energy absorption at the shoulder of the roadbed body 1. Under the premise of heat absorption by the asphalt pavement in the center of the wide road surface, it creates a situation where the temperature in the middle of the roadbed body 1 is higher than that at both sides. Due to the influence of the temperature gradient on water vapor migration—that is, the characteristic of water vapor migrating from high temperature to low temperature—moisture in the middle of the roadbed body 1 spontaneously migrates outward, reducing engineering defects caused by water accumulation under the roadbed surface layer.

[0059] The pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure in this embodiment addresses engineering problems caused by water vapor migration and condensation in permafrost regions through the synergistic effect of the pressure ventilation device 3, anti-radiation component 4, and roadbed insulation layer 6. Compared with existing construction methods, it not only effectively protects the stability of permafrost but, more importantly, allows water vapor in the middle of the roadbed body 1 to be actively discharged through temperature gradients. Moreover, compared with traditional ventilated roadbeds, it is unaffected by environmental wind speed and direction, does not affect roadbed stability, and is easier to construct.

[0060] In this embodiment, each pressure ventilation device 3 includes a bottom component 31 disposed inside the top side of the ventilation layer 2, and a drainage groove is provided on the upper end surface of the bottom component 31; a pressure-bearing layer 32 is provided on the top of the bottom component 31, and the upper end surface of the pressure-bearing layer 32 is flush with the upper end surface of the ventilation layer 2.

[0061] Multiple deformable springs 33 and air rods 34 are provided between the bottom component 31 and the pressure-bearing layer 32; the two ends of each deformable spring 33 are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom component 31 and the lower end face of the pressure-bearing layer 32, respectively; the tail end of each air rod 34 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom component 31, and the piston end of the air rod 34 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the pressure-bearing layer 32.

[0062] The upper end face of the bottom component 31 is also provided with a limiting post 35 to limit the maximum height of the pressure-bearing layer 32 to ensure that the deformation of the pressure ventilation device 3 will not affect the normal use of highway vehicles.

[0063] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, each pressure ventilation device 3 also includes a wind power generation device 36 disposed within the anti-radiation component 4. The wind power generation device 36 includes a housing 361 disposed within the anti-radiation component 4, and the housing 361 is provided with an air inlet 362 communicating with the bottom component 31 and an air outlet 363 communicating with the anti-radiation component 4;

[0064] A fan 364 is installed inside the housing 361, and a transmission device 365 is installed on the fan 364. A chain 366 that cooperates with the transmission device 365 is installed on one side of the pressure-bearing layer 32. The pressure-bearing layer 32 can drive the chain 366 to descend, and the descending chain 366, in cooperation with the transmission device 365, realizes the rotation of the fan 364. The wind power generation device 36 converts the deformation caused by the vehicle on the pressure-bearing layer 32 into wind energy through gear transmission, effectively improving the air circulation efficiency within the ventilation layer 2.

[0065] In this embodiment, the function of the transmission device 365 is to convert the descending action of the pressure-bearing layer 32 into the rotational action of the fan 364, thereby generating wind energy. The transmission device 365 can be composed of multiple transmission gears according to actual needs. Its structure can be similar to the transmission mechanism in the hand-cranked fan 364, or other mechanisms can be selected. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, each pressure ventilation device 3 is matched with a wind reset device 37. The wind reset device 37 includes a rotating shaft 371 disposed in the bottom component 31. The rotating shaft 371 is vertically disposed, and the top end of the rotating shaft 371 is located at the top of the pressure-bearing layer 32. A bladeless fan 372 is disposed on the top end of the rotating shaft 371. An active bevel gear 373 is disposed at the bottom end of the rotating shaft 371.

[0067] A reset device is provided on one side of the rotating shaft 371. The reset device includes a reset outer sleeve 374 and a reset push rod 375. The reset push rod 375 is located inside the reset outer sleeve 374 and the two are threadedly connected.

[0068] The bottom of the reset outer sleeve 374 is provided with a driven bevel gear 376. A horizontal transmission rod 377 is provided between the driven bevel gear 376 and the driving bevel gear 373. A bevel transmission gear 378 is provided at each end of the horizontal transmission rod 377. The two bevel transmission gears 378 mesh with the driven bevel gear 376 and the driving bevel gear 373 respectively. The top of the reset top rod 375 is provided with an elastic top block 379 for contacting the inner end face of the top of the pressure-bearing layer 32.

[0069] A wind-driven bladeless fan 372 rotates a rotating shaft 371, which in turn rotates a reset outer sleeve 374 via a driving bevel gear 373, a horizontal transmission rod 377, and a driven bevel gear 376. This rotation, in turn, drives a reset top rod 375 via a thread, lifting the pressure-bearing layer 32 and achieving the reset effect. The thread distribution of the reset outer sleeve 374 is determined by the on-site conditions of the wind-driven reset device 37. The elastic top block 379 is made of flexible material, meaning the reset action of the wind-driven reset device 37 only works when the pressure-bearing layer 32 is unloaded and does not affect its downward displacement. The wind-driven reset device 37 is used to actively reset the pressure-bearing layer 32 in the pressure ventilation system 3, effectively solving the problem of the pressure-bearing layer 32's inability to actively reset and its reduced service life due to residual strain.

[0070] The present invention also provides a construction method for a pressure-type forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure, which includes step 1: determining the construction location of the main roadbed 1 through exploration;

[0071] Specifically, when selecting the construction location for the main roadbed 1 through exploration, a well-ventilated and unobstructed natural environment should be chosen as much as possible. The exploration depth for the main roadbed 1 should be no less than 8m and no less than 2 to 3 times the natural upper limit, while fully considering the influence of groundwater level and the type of permafrost settlement on site. During the excavation of the main roadbed 1, the height and design requirements of the main roadbed 1 should be determined, and the main roadbed 1 should be cleaned and reinforced. During the construction of the main roadbed 1, the excavation depth and width of the roadbed insulation layer 6 should be determined first, and phase change insulation material should be filled in. The construction of the roadbed insulation layer 6 should be controlled at the transition between winter and spring to ensure the stability of the temperature field of the main roadbed 1.

[0072] Step 2: At the construction location, the main body of the roadbed 1 and the roadbed insulation layer 6 located at the bottom center of the main body of the roadbed 1 are filled using a layered flat construction method. During the filling of the roadbed insulation layer 6, a water-proof layer is set on top of the roadbed insulation layer 6.

[0073] Specifically, the compaction depth of the main roadbed 1 should not exceed 30cm each time. The soil should primarily be local backfill soil, i.e., silt or silty clay, while carefully removing any unwanted debris. The selected soil should still meet the characteristics of high strength, good water stability, and low compressibility for the main roadbed 1. Because silty clay contains a large amount of silt, exhibits severe capillary action, is easily eroded by wind, and its strength decreases sharply upon contact with water. Cohesive soil also has poor water stability, low strength, and large deformation; therefore, it should be mixed with gravel and sand when selecting backfill soil.

[0074] The main body of the roadbed 1 is a fine-grained soil roadbed, and its influencing factors include soil type, moisture content, compaction performance, and natural environment. The optimum moisture content should be strictly controlled during the compaction process, and appropriate compaction machinery should be selected. The compaction degree of the main body of the roadbed 1 should be greater than 96%.

[0075] Step 3: After the main body of the roadbed 1 is filled, the anti-radiation component 4 is laid along the entire extension direction of the main body of the roadbed 1 on both sides of the top of the main body of the roadbed 1.

[0076] Specifically, the laying of the anti-radiation component 4 is carried out simultaneously with the compaction of the roadbed body 1; the horizontal panel 401 in the anti-radiation component 4 is fixed to both sides of the road surface of the roadbed body 1 by bolt connectors.

[0077] Step 4: Lay multiple pressure ventilation devices 3 at equal intervals on the road surface of the main roadbed 1, with a spacing of 200m.

[0078] Specifically, firstly, a bottom component 31 is installed on the road surface of the main roadbed 1 according to the plan. Then, multiple deformable springs 33 and air rods 34 are installed on the bottom component 31. The bottom ends of the springs and air rods 34 are welded to the upper end face of the bottom component 31. The two work together to ensure the durability and coordinated deformability of the pressure ventilation device 3. Then, a pressure-bearing layer 32 is set at the top of the springs and air rods 34. At the same time, a limiting post 35 is set between the pressure-bearing layer 32 and the bottom component 31. The limiting post 35 is used to limit the maximum height of the pressure-bearing layer 32 to avoid affecting the normal driving of vehicles. The maximum height of the pressure-bearing layer 32 to fall does not exceed 15mm.

[0079] Step 5: Install a wind power generation device 36 inside the anti-radiation component 4, and install a wind power reset device 37 on each pressure ventilation device 3;

[0080] Specifically, the wind power generation device 36 converts the deformation caused by the vehicle on the pressure layer 32 into wind energy through gear transmission. This not only effectively improves the efficiency of air circulation in the ventilation layer 2, but also eliminates environmental influences during construction, which is conducive to standardized construction.

[0081] The wind-driven reset device 37 is used to actively reset the pressure-bearing layer 32 in the pressure ventilation device 3, which can effectively solve the problem that the pressure-bearing layer 32 cannot actively reset and its service life is reduced due to residual strain.

[0082] Step 6: Fill the ventilation layer 2 on the road surface of the main roadbed 1. The road surface of the ventilation layer 2 is flush with the bearing layer 32 in the pressure ventilation device 3. Specifically, the ventilation layer 2 is filled with boulders and gravels with a particle size greater than 40mm and a content greater than 70%. The ventilation layer 2 is 30cm thick, and the maximum particle size of the filler should not be greater than 2 / 3 of the thickness of the filling layer, i.e., 20cm.

[0083] Step 7: Vertically fill and construct anti-seepage slopes 5 on both sides of the main roadbed 1. Specifically, the anti-seepage slope 5 has a filling thickness of 10cm, the filling material of the anti-seepage slope 5 is clay, and the anti-seepage slope 5 is treated with geogrid to prevent soil erosion.

Claims

1. A pressure type forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure, characterized by, It includes a roadbed body, and the top of the roadbed body is provided with multiple ventilation layers spaced apart along its length, and each ventilation layer is provided with a pressure ventilation device inside; Anti-radiation components are installed on both sides of the top of the main roadbed, and the anti-radiation components are laid along the entire extension direction of the main roadbed. The ventilation layer is laid flat between the two anti-radiation components. The cross-section of the anti-radiation component is a near-right-angled triangle structure. The anti-radiation component includes a horizontal panel, a vertical panel, and an inclined panel. The horizontal panel is fixedly connected to the top of the main roadbed. The vertical panel is fixedly connected to the side wall of the pressure ventilation device. The inclined panel connects the horizontal panel and the vertical panel. The inclined panel includes a first panel and a second panel; the first panel has a cross-section that is a downwardly curved closed arc plate structure, one side of the first panel is fixedly connected to the top of the vertical panel, the other side is fixedly connected to one side of the second panel, and the other side of the second panel is fixedly connected to one side of the horizontal panel; the second panel has a plurality of fan-shaped ventilation holes, and each ventilation hole has an outwardly inclined guide plate on its exterior; the vertical panel has serpentine grooves. Each pressure ventilation device includes a bottom component disposed inside the top side of the ventilation layer, the upper end face of which is provided with a drainage groove; a pressure-bearing layer is disposed on top of the bottom component, the upper end face of which is flush with the upper end face of the ventilation layer; multiple deformable springs and air rods are disposed between the bottom component and the pressure-bearing layer; both ends of each deformable spring are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom component and the lower end face of the pressure-bearing layer, respectively; the tail end of each air rod is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom component, and the piston end of the air rod is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the pressure-bearing layer; a limiting post is also provided on the upper end face of the bottom component to limit the maximum descent height of the pressure-bearing layer; Each pressure ventilation device is matched with a wind-driven reset device; the wind-driven reset device includes a rotating shaft disposed within the bottom component, the rotating shaft being vertically arranged, the top end of the rotating shaft being located at the top of the pressure-bearing layer, and a bladeless fan being disposed at the top end of the rotating shaft; a driving bevel gear is disposed at the bottom end of the rotating shaft; a reset device is disposed on one side of the rotating shaft, the reset device including a reset outer sleeve and a reset top rod, the reset top rod being disposed inside the reset outer sleeve and the two being threadedly connected; a driven bevel gear is disposed at the bottom of the reset outer sleeve, a horizontal transmission rod is disposed between the driven bevel gear and the driving bevel gear, and a bevel transmission gear is disposed at each end of the horizontal transmission rod, the two bevel transmission gears meshing with the driven bevel gear and the driving bevel gear respectively; an elastic top block for contacting the inner end face of the top of the pressure-bearing layer is disposed at the top of the reset top rod; Each of the pressure ventilation devices also includes a wind power generation device that converts the deformation caused by the vehicle on the pressure layer into wind energy through gear transmission, thereby improving the efficiency of air circulation within the ventilation layer.

2. The pressure plenum vented and counter-radiation substructure of claim 1, wherein, The main body of the roadbed is filled with silt; the ventilation layer is filled with sand.

3. The pressure plenum vented and counter-radiation substructure of claim 1, wherein, Both sides of the main roadbed are equipped with anti-seepage slopes.

4. The pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A roadbed insulation layer is provided at the bottom center of the main roadbed body, and the filling material of the roadbed insulation layer is a phase change insulation material; a water-proof layer is provided on the top of the roadbed insulation layer.

5. The pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind power generation device includes a housing disposed within the anti-radiation component, the housing having an air inlet communicating with the bottom component and an air outlet communicating with the anti-radiation component; A fan is installed inside the housing, and a transmission device is installed on the fan. A chain that cooperates with the transmission device is installed on one side of the pressure-bearing layer. The pressure-bearing layer can drive the chain to descend, and the descending chain, in cooperation with the transmission device, realizes the rotation of the fan.

6. A construction method for a pressure-driven forced ventilation and anti-radiation roadbed structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Determine the construction location of the main roadbed structure through exploration; Step 2: At the construction site, the main body of the roadbed and the roadbed insulation layer located at the bottom center of the main body of the roadbed are filled using a layered flat construction method. During the filling of the roadbed insulation layer, a water-proof layer is set on top of the roadbed insulation layer. Step 3: After the main roadbed filling is completed, the anti-radiation components are laid along the entire extension direction of the main roadbed on both sides of the top of the main roadbed. Step 4: Lay multiple pressure ventilation devices at equal intervals on the road surface of the main roadbed, with a spacing of 200m. Step 5: Install a wind-generating device inside the anti-radiation component, and install a wind-resetting device on each pressure ventilation device; Step 6: Fill the road surface of the main roadbed with a ventilation layer, and make the road surface of the ventilation layer flush with the pressure-bearing layer in the pressure ventilation device; Step 7: Vertically fill and construct seepage-proof slopes on both sides of the main roadbed.

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