Conveniently put on and off the back of the whole series of umbrella cage film bag and its production and use method

Abstract

The application discloses a film bag without rear fold which is convenient to wear and take off on a full series umbrella cage and a manufacturing and using method thereof, an umbrella-shaped expanding body structure is arranged in an anchor hole expanding section, an umbrella-shaped folding rod group is arranged in the umbrella-shaped expanding body structure, and an outer film bag is sleeved with the outside of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; and a chain buckle is arranged on the outer film bag. The application is used to solve the problems in the prior art, such as the fold of the rear end face of the film bag affecting the end bearing performance of the umbrella-shaped expanding body structure, the fold of the rear end of the film bag being difficult to avoid due to the structure of part of the umbrella cage, the film bag being sleeved with the tight film bag in the folded state but unable to deal with the pre-collection accident, and the umbrella cage being unable to be pre-collected when the film bag is fixed with the folding rod, and the like, and the application provides the structure, manufacturing and using method of the film bag without rear fold which is convenient to wear and take off on the full series umbrella-shaped expanding body structure, so that the pre-collection accident is conveniently disposed and the film bag is quickly restored to the original state, thereby completely removing the fold of the rear end face of the film bag, and eliminating the application obstacle of the film bag on the full series umbrella-shaped expanding body structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention is applicable to the field of enlarged head anchorage technology with enlarged reinforcement structure in the field of geotechnical anchorage technology, especially the umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchorage technology. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geotechnical anchoring, there are many practices that use bladders / membrane bags for grouting. The advantage of this is that it separates the grouting of the expanded reinforcement structure (such as an umbrella-shaped expanded device) from the grouting of the anchor hole or the non-expanded section, so that the expanded reinforcement structure can chelate with the solidified body inside the bladder / membrane bag (the solidified body refers to the cement slurry, mortar, concrete, etc. formed after grouting and solidification) to form a high-strength and high-rigidity expanded structure (such as an umbrella-shaped expanded head).

[0003] Traditionally, bladders / membrane bags are quite loose (e.g., 500mm diameter). The front and rear ends of the bag are fixed to the front and rear ends of the expanded reinforcement structure or anchor bars / cages by binding or bolting. The diameter of the front and rear ends of the expanded reinforcement structure or the anchor bars / cages is slightly smaller than the diameter of the non-expanded section (e.g., 180mm). The front and rear ends of the bag change from a large diameter to a small diameter by abruptly closing with pleats, for example, a cylinder with equal diameters at the front and rear. The diameter of the bag after expansion is slightly smaller than the diameter of the expanded section. This is a direct, simple, and crude method of collection / binding to close the bag (see attached). Figure 17 (as shown) or pull cord closure (attached) Figure 15 The single opening or attached shown Figure 13 (as shown with double openings), or elasticized closures such as rubber bands for binding (see attached). Figure 16 (Elastic band shown). The cylindrical bladder / membrane bag is indeed very convenient for inserting and removing the expanded reinforced structure into the bladder / membrane bag.

[0004] However, these closing methods have a drawback: after the bladder / membrane bag is longitudinally fitted with the expanded reinforcement structure, a series of folds are formed at the rear closing point (as shown in the attached figure). Figure 13 Appendix Figure 15 Appendix Figure 16 Appendix Figure 17As shown), the wrinkles in the membrane bag material themselves affect the strength of the consolidated body, and after external and internal grouting of the bladder / membrane bag, many air pockets remain in the inner and outer folds at the rear end of the bladder / membrane bag that are not fully filled by the consolidated body (similar to honeycomb defects in reinforced concrete structures). This poses a quality and safety hazard to the entire enlarged section anchor body, especially the umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchor body based on end-bearing anchors, in terms of both end compressive strength and load deformation value. Since the rear folded part of the bag is at the critical node for the enlarged head anchor body to transfer and diffuse high-pressure stress load to the rearward rock and soil, a small leak can sink a great ship. If it is low For anchor cables with a pull-out force characteristic value of less than 100 tons, load-bearing capacity can be disregarded. However, the end-bearing force characteristics of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head are completely different from those of the plain mortar enlarged head without enlarged reinforcement, and also completely different from the straight cage-type enlarged head without a three-hinged load-bearing structure. If the umbrella-shaped enlarged head is to achieve unprecedented high load-bearing capacity, high deformation resistance, and high reliability, the existence of defects in the consolidation body at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head cannot be ignored. Therefore, the wrinkles on the end-bearing surface of the membrane bag must be eliminated to eliminate the quality and safety hazards that may compromise the compressive strength of the consolidation body at the rear end of the membrane bag, and to ensure the safety performance of the entire anchoring system in all aspects.

[0005] The applicant had envisioned a tight-fitting membrane bag concept, but the technical elements involved in tightness and how to achieve tightness had not been thoroughly studied, and no key technical features / indicators had been proposed.

[0006] Umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchoring technology has mainly developed into two major series: adaptive (i.e., non-pre-retractable) and pre-retractable. The pre-retractable type refers to the umbrella cage being pre-retracted before entering the anchor hole and maintained in a state where its diameter is slightly smaller than that of the anchor hole in the non-enlarged section, until it enters the enlarged section, at which point the umbrella cage is unlocked and re-tensioned to the preset state. The adaptive type refers to the umbrella cage not being pre-retracted before entering the anchor hole, but adjusting its diameter according to the diameter of the anchor hole after entering the anchor hole (i.e., automatically adapting to the diameter of the anchor hole, such as active umbrella cages, and passive umbrella cages with or without structure), until it automatically re-tensions to the preset state after entering the enlarged section.

[0007] During the assembly and installation phase of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, as an adaptive umbrella-shaped expansion device, all expansion structures can only be fitted with membrane bags in the expanded state of the umbrella cage. This means that if it is inconvenient to fit the membrane bags from the back of the anchor bar to the front (because anchor cables are usually more than ten, twenty or even tens of meters long, fitting the membrane bags from the back to the front is indeed time-consuming and laborious, and is usually not considered in construction), then only columnar membrane bags with equal diameters at the front and back can be fitted from the front to the back. In this way, because the diameter of the rear end is smaller, it is impossible to pass through the umbrella cage when fitting (the rear end of the tight-fitting membrane bag can only use a non-elastic end, otherwise it will cause the membrane bag to slip forward during the anchor cable bearing process). That is to say, as long as the adaptive umbrella-shaped expansion device is fitted with a membrane bag, regardless of whether the rear end uses an elastic end, wrinkles are unavoidable. Moreover, directly pulling the columnar membrane bag together to close the end is the traditional method, which seems to be an unchangeable reality.

[0008] As for the pre-retractable umbrella-shaped expansion device, the outer cover method of pre-retractable structure can only be fitted with the membrane bag when the umbrella cage has not yet been pre-retracted and expanded. This means that if it is inconvenient to fit the membrane bag from the back of the anchor bar to the front, the only option is to use a cylindrical membrane bag with equal diameter at the front and back to fit from the front to the back. In other words, the membrane bag at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group will inevitably produce many wrinkles; this is a reality that seems unchangeable.

[0009] Of course, most pre-shrinkable umbrella-shaped expansion structures can be fitted from the front end when the umbrella cage is in a retracted state. This allows for the design of a tight-fitting membrane bag (which could potentially solve the wrinkling problem for at least most types of pre-shrinkable structures). However, at the same time, when some pre-shrinking accidents occur, such as the grouting pipe locking methods one, three, and four (see Figures 25, 30, and 45 in the applicant's earlier application CN110552348.B), the grouting pipe in the pre-shrinking structure (which is prone to occur when the grouting pipe moves through the umbrella cage and is installed outside the inclined or vertically downward anchor hole) slips out of the umbrella cage, causing the umbrella cage to unexpectedly re-tension and requiring re-pre-shrinking of the umbrella cage. In this case, it will be found that: if it is a cylindrical membrane bag with equal diameter at both ends, it can still be withdrawn forward / backward from the umbrella cage, but if it is a tight-fitting membrane bag, it is completely impossible to withdraw forward / backward from the umbrella cage (because the membrane bag will be subjected to backward tension during the umbrella planting process, the front end of the tight-fitting membrane bag can only use a non-elastic closing or an attached...). Figure 12 The integral (fully enclosed at the front) membrane bag shown makes it impossible for the umbrella cage to be re-pre-closed; for example, when using the latch method, method one, method three, and clamp method (see the appendix to the applicant's earlier application CN110552348.B). Figure 10 Appendix Figure 11(See Figures 55, 63, and 72) Accidental pulling of the pull pin rope or unlatch rope in the pre-shrinking structure can also cause the umbrella cage to unexpectedly re-open, and the tight-fitting membrane bag will prevent the umbrella cage from being pre-shrinking again. Similarly, with transverse tying, longitudinal tying, transverse knotting, and longitudinal knotting methods, the tying ropes and restraint ropes may sometimes loosen, leading to unexpected re-opening of the umbrella cage, again due to the tight-fitting membrane bag preventing the umbrella cage from being pre-shrinking again. Other pre-shrinking umbrella-shaped expansion devices also face the problem of accidental re-opening of the umbrella cage during the assembly and installation phase, again due to the tight-fitting membrane bag preventing the umbrella cage from being pre-shrinking again. Even disregarding whether the tight-fitting membrane bag has adequately addressed the wrinkles at the rear end of the cylindrical membrane bag, the fact that the tight-fitting membrane bag fails to consider the handling of pre-shrinking accidents already makes users want to abandon the tight-fitting membrane bag and continue using the cylindrical membrane bag!

[0010] In addition, when the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is fixed to the membrane bag with wires and screws, it is also necessary to operate in the expanded state of the umbrella cage first. However, once the membrane bag is fixed to the folding rod assembly, it will be found that the locking and unlocking mechanisms of almost all types of pre-retractable umbrella-shaped expansion devices are isolated by the membrane bag, and the operator cannot perform the pre-retractable operation remotely.

[0011] Therefore, in addition to addressing the wrinkling problem at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expanding head, the pre-receiving umbrella-shaped expander device must also systematically provide reasonable solutions to troublesome issues such as the handling of tight-fitting membrane bags in pre-receiving accidents.

[0012] In summary, the umbrella-shaped expander head series anchoring technology not only needs to solve the rear end wrinkling problem of membrane bags for all types of umbrella-shaped expander structures in a complete and comprehensive manner, but also needs to comprehensively solve a series of problems such as the inability to handle pre-receive accidents that arise during the process of solving wrinkle problems. Summary of the Invention

[0013] After comparing and selecting several methods (such as adjusting the workability and self-compacting properties of the infusion material, adjusting the infusion method inside and outside the membrane bag, adjusting the structure and / or equipment of the infusion system, adjusting the material of the membrane bag including but not limited to elastic materials and non-aerosol materials, considering removing the membrane bag and refilling after infusion, considering strengthening the wrinkles, for example, using basalt fiber or glass fiber composite materials to make the membrane bag, considering vibration venting or heating venting or other degassing methods, etc.), this invention chooses to start from the design of the membrane bag, and solve the above problems by changing the traditional extensive manufacturing method of the bladder / membrane bag; this invention aims to design a membrane bag that can be freely put on and taken off from the umbrella cage under all series of conditions (including all umbrella-shaped expander structures and their processes, expansion states, installation stages, and spatial postures of adaptive and pre-retractable types), so as to comprehensively and thoroughly solve the problem of membrane bag wrinkles at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expander head and all additional problems. The design scheme is as follows:

[0014] An umbrella-shaped expanding structure is provided within the anchor hole enlarging section. An umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is provided within the umbrella-shaped expanding structure, and an outer membrane bag is fitted over the outer side of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly. One or more tangentially extending chain links are provided on the outer membrane bag, and / or two or more radially extending chain links are provided on the rear end face of the outer membrane bag. The outer membrane bag or its rear end face is composed of two or more main blocks joined together using chain links. An anchor hole can have one or more anchor hole enlarging sections, and one or more umbrella-shaped expanding structures can be provided within an anchor hole enlarging section. One or more umbrella-shaped folding rod assemblies can be provided within an umbrella-shaped expanding structure. Typically, an outer membrane bag is fitted over the outer side of each umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, or two or more umbrella-shaped folding rod assemblies share one outer membrane bag. Multiple outer membrane bags can be provided within an umbrella-shaped expanding structure. The umbrella-shaped expansion structure here can be any umbrella-shaped structure (including any umbrella-shaped structure not applied for by the applicant). The umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly here can be composed of several folding rods consisting of several long rods and several short rods, or it can be a foldable and expandable component forming any umbrella-shaped structure, composed of any parts such as multi-section connecting rods, curved beams, trusses, fish-belly beams, and space frames. The phrase "or the rear end face of the outer membrane bag is composed of two or more main body blocks spliced ​​together" is because it allows for attachment... Figure 12 There are also forms such as rear-opening columnar outer membrane bags. In this case, the outer membrane bag is not composed of two main blocks, but is composed of a front columnar (i.e., straight barrel-shaped) membrane bag and two or more main blocks at the back. The overall structure of the outer membrane bag is Y-shaped.

[0015] The chain links extending tangentially (i.e., circumferentially and laterally) here are, for example, attached. Figure 2 Appendix Figure 5 The chain link Ⅲ shown may not be complete (i.e., chain link Ⅲ is not necessarily a closed loop) if a longitudinal chain link (e.g., chain link Ⅰ or chain link Ⅱ) is present. Of course, chain link Ⅲ needs to be complete if no longitudinal or diagonal chain link is present; chain links extending radially, such as those shown in the attached diagram, are also included. Figure 2 The chain links I and II on the polygonal surface formed by the short rods in the middle, for most umbrella cages that fold in either the forward or reverse direction, extend radially and are also obliquely intersecting the central axis (i.e., chain links I and II also extend longitudinally). Only as shown in the attached... Figure 10As shown, the chain link is perpendicular to the central axis. It should be specifically stated that the "radial extension" mentioned in this application is not necessarily perpendicular to the central axis, nor is it necessarily perpendicular to the line connecting the central hinges. The chain link may be oblique, but mathematically and physically, it has a radial component in addition to its longitudinal (i.e., axial) component. Tangential is synonymous with transverse / circumferential, and transverse does not include radial. Both radial and tangential extensions can only extend along the surface of the outer membrane bag and cannot detach from the outer membrane bag. When the outer membrane bag is in various shapes with a circular cross-section, such as cylindrical, spherical, or conical, the "tangentially extending" chain buckle described in this application does not have a radial component (mathematically and physically). However, when the outer membrane bag is in various shapes with a polygonal cross-section, such as triangular pyramid, square pyramid, or polygonal prism, the "tangentially extending" chain buckle described in this application (mathematically and physically) has a radial component in addition to the tangential component. However, this radial component is not the same as "radially extending" as described in this application, nor does it affect the definitions of "tangentially" and "radially" in this application. The "tangential" and "radial" directions described in this application are perpendicular to each other and both are located on the surface of the outer membrane bag. In other words, "tangentially" can also be expressed as "transversely," and "radially" can also be expressed as "longitudinally."

[0016] The umbrella-shaped expansion structure is not limited to any expansion principle. For example, it can be a front-pull anchor bar type (or any anchoring tool can be pushed forward), a rear-pull anchor bar type (or any anchoring tool can be pulled backward), a push-pull type (any anchoring tool (including anchor bars) can be pushed and pulled), a gravity type, an impact type, a spiral expansion type, an adaptive type, a pre-shrink type, a spring type, a hydraulic / pneumatic type, an electromagnetic type, a manual type, a front-sliding type (i.e., the front plate slides while the rear plate remains stationary), a rear-sliding type (i.e., the rear plate slides while the front plate remains stationary), a double-sliding type (i.e., both the front and rear plates slide), etc. Umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly typically refers to a combination of several folding rods, including long rods, short rods, and those with central, front, and rear hinges. Umbrella-shaped expansion device or umbrella-shaped expansion structure typically refers to, but is not limited to, a combination of components such as a front plate, rear plate, umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, anchor bars, load conversion device, and longitudinal columns, which have a dedicated expansion mechanism / expansion structure (mainly referring to reset devices and / or locking / unlocking devices). Sometimes it is also called umbrella-shaped expansion equipment, and has also been called umbrella-shaped steel cage expansion head and has been mistakenly called umbrella-shaped expansion head. In fact, the name umbrella-shaped expansion head contains more technical elements. Of course, the front plate and rear plate can be explicit or implicit (invisible, that is, the front plate and rear plate are integrated with the anchor bars and / or longitudinal columns, load conversion devices, jacking components, front hinge devices, and rear hinge devices, but the connection between the front hinge and rear hinge and the anchor bars and / or longitudinal columns is the substantial front plate and rear plate). Each umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly may share a front plate and / or a rear plate, or may not share a front plate and / or a rear plate.

[0017] The two headquarters blocks here can be left and right, front and back, or even diagonally joined. For example, the outer membrane bag can be separated into front and back blocks at the central hinge line. When the umbrella cage is open, the front block can be fitted from the front end of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure backwards, while the back block needs to be fitted from the rear end of the anchor bar forwards. When the umbrella cage is closed, both the front and back blocks can be fitted from the front end of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure backwards. The headquarters block material itself and the outer membrane bag formed by splicing the headquarters blocks through the chain can be pyramidal, arc-shaped, conical, etc. When the radial cutting lines branch into arcs, or when the zigzag cutting lines form arcs, the outer membrane bag can become arc-shaped. The headquarters blocks do not necessarily need to be symmetrical about a certain axis or center; the design of the headquarters blocks only needs to allow them to be freely inserted and removed from the expanded umbrella cage. It should be noted that the raw material of the membrane bag is a two-dimensional concept. After the raw material of the membrane bag is cut and shaped, the main block and local blocks formed before sewing / gluing / heat pressing / chain connection are still two-dimensional concepts. However, after sewing / gluing / heat pressing / chain connection, the main block formed is a three-dimensional concept (convex or concave). The membrane bag is also a three-dimensional concept.

[0018] The outer membrane bag can be simply fitted onto the outside of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, or it can be fitted onto the outside of the entire umbrella-shaped expansion structure, including the front plate and the rear plate. Alternatively, it can be fitted onto the outside of the entire umbrella-shaped expansion structure, including the front plate, the rear plate, the pilot plate / front anchor plate and / or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate, the expansion mechanism, etc.

[0019] Strictly speaking, the outer film bag is a type of film bag, referring to the film bag located outside the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly. However, the outer film bag in this application is the conventionally referred to film bag. The outer film bag in this application can be a standalone item (or even just the outer film bag itself), or it can be combined with a front film bag and / or an inner film bag and / or a rear film bag (e.g., attached). Figure 10 The case shown can be a combination of two types of membrane bags (e.g., attached to a single unit). Figure 12 As shown, in the case of no perforation at the front end, it can also be a case where the forward-assembled folding rod assembly and the reverse-assembled folding rod assembly (i.e., the folding rod assembly of the enlarged section support) share a membrane bag, etc., but all refer to the outer membrane bag part in each case. For details on the various characteristics of the membrane bag, please refer to the applicant's series of prior applications regarding the umbrella-shaped enlarged head. Unless otherwise specified, the membrane bag in this application includes various forms of membrane bags, such as single outer membrane bags, combined membrane bags, integral membrane bags, centering support membrane bags, front membrane bags, inner membrane bags, rear membrane bags, membrane bags with bag collars and / or bag boots, membrane bags with covering strips, etc.

[0020] It is particularly important to note that when the zipper is set to a minimum, the zipper can exist only on the rear end face of the outer film bag, for example, attached to... Figure 12As shown, the front part of the cylindrical (cylindrical or polygonal) outer membrane bag does not have a zipper; the zipper is only installed at the middle hinge (i.e., the zipper is only installed on the rear end of the outer membrane bag) and extends to the end of the outer membrane bag (i.e., the rear plate area) or simultaneously through the bag boot. The front membrane bag is a single piece (i.e., there is no central perforation at the front), flared, and fixedly connected to the front end of the cylindrical outer membrane bag (e.g., by sewing). In other words, the front half of the outer membrane bag is a single cylindrical piece, and the rear half is divided into two halves (or multiple segments) and connected by a zipper. This is also a type of single-piece membrane bag. Of course, in addition to the above, the front end of the zipper can extend to the middle of the long rod, or to the front end of the outer membrane bag (i.e., the front plate area), or simultaneously through the bag collar. The front end of the zipper can also penetrate the front membrane bag, and the rear end of the zipper can also penetrate the rear membrane bag.

[0021] Furthermore, the front end of the outer film bag is directly or indirectly connected to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, and / or the rear end of the outer film bag is directly or indirectly connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly. The front end of the outer film bag can be connected to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly in any way, and the rear end of the outer film bag can be connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly in any way, for example, with... Figure 12 The front end of the outer membrane bag shown is fitted onto the umbrella-shaped expansion structure via an integral membrane bag, meaning the integral membrane bag is unidirectionally fixed to the umbrella cage. In other words, the outer membrane bag is indirectly and unidirectionally fixed to the front plate through components such as the front membrane bag, guide plate, force-adding column, and return spring. Here, the outer membrane bag is actually part of the integral membrane bag. Another example is the instruction manual for "Grouting and Prestressing Construction Method of Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Head Prestressed Soil Anchorage Structure" (CN113585251A). Figure 3 The instruction manual for "Umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchorage structure with combined side resistance and end bearing" (CN215906762U) is attached. Figure 3In the diagram, when the outer membrane bag is fitted onto the umbrella cage, it is blocked by the buffer spring. The rear end of the outer membrane bag needs to be fixed to the rear plate by the buffer spring through a hole. Therefore, it is also possible to choose not to fix the rear end of the outer membrane bag to the rear plate, that is, to let the rear end of the outer membrane bag be moved through by the anchor bar (feeding rod), thus creating a movable connection with the rear plate. However, after the membrane bag is grouted, it is actually fixed to the plate through the solidified body. The component numbering in the diagram is incorrect. 18 should be 11-3 (front reverse anti-reverse device), and 17 should be 10-4 (front reverse limiting device). Another example is "pre-expanded hole post-installation type". In Figure 85 of the instruction manual for the "Umbrella-shaped Expanding Equipment" (CN213682090U), when an outer membrane bag is placed over the umbrella cage, the front end of the outer membrane bag can be fixed (e.g., tied) to the front hinge device (which also serves as a load transfer device), or it can be designed as an integral membrane bag that directly covers the umbrella cage. In fact, there is no explicit front plate in this example, but the front hinge device that is fixedly connected to the anchor bar (threaded connection / welding, etc.) is the actual front plate. The component that plays a connecting role between the folding rod and the load transfer device is the front plate, and the connecting thread / weld is the load transfer device.

[0022] This invention is consistent with previous umbrella-shaped expanding head applications, with the forward direction of the drill bit, i.e., the deep direction of the anchor hole, as the front, and the shallow direction of the anchor hole as the rear, with the longitudinal axis close to the umbrella-shaped expanding device as the inside, and the longitudinal axis away from the umbrella-shaped expanding device as the outside; the " / " in the claims and description means "or".

[0023] This invention applies to membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expander structures. The umbrella-shaped expander structure is not limited by assembly method; for example, the folding rod assembly can be assembled forward or backward, or the long and short rods can be of equal length. The folding method is not limited; it can be forward or backward folding. The load-bearing structure is not limited, such as inner column or outer column type. The expansion method is not limited, such as spiral expansion, rear anchoring, gravity, etc. The load conversion device and inner anchor head can be fixed / unidirectionally fixed to the front plate, or fixed / unidirectionally fixed to the rear plate. During umbrella cage re-tensioning, the front plate can slide, or the rear plate can slide. The outer side of the umbrella-shaped expander structure is also the outer side of the folding rod assembly, and the inner side of the umbrella-shaped expander structure is also the inner side of the folding rod assembly. The umbrella-shaped expander structure includes, but is not limited to, the umbrella-shaped expander device, umbrella-shaped expander equipment, umbrella-shaped expander head, and umbrella-shaped steel cage expander head previously applied for by the applicant. The umbrella cage mainly refers to the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, and sometimes also refers to the entire umbrella-shaped expander structure. For related concepts, please refer to the applicant's previous series of application documents. The membrane bag can be made of any material, such as geomembrane, paper-plastic composite membrane, dense wire mesh, glass fiber, or basalt fiber composite material.

[0024] Chain links refer to zippers and / or hook and loop fasteners. Chain links can be installed in any direction, such as vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, and in any position, such as attached to a belt. Figure 3 The folding rod arrangement shown or attached Figure 2The arrangement or attachment shown is perpendicular to the folding rod. Figure 2 Appendix Figure 1 As shown, located between the folding bars, any material such as metal zippers or plastic / resin / nylon zippers, any quantity, and any type such as permeable / waterproof zippers or single-head zippers (e.g., with attached...). Figure 1 (as shown in the vertical chain) / Double-ended zipper (e.g., with attached) Figure 2 The hook and loop fasteners (including horizontal hooks, closed / single-open / double-opening hooks, dot / dot matrix hooks, and strip hooks) can be of any shape, such as ring, straight, zigzag, or spiral. Hook and loop fasteners are typically continuous, but discontinuous (intermittent) fasteners are also possible. Hook and loop fasteners include, but are not limited to, Hook and Loop I, Hook and Loop II, and also include diagonal hooks and spiral hooks. Theoretically, while hook and loop fasteners also include buttons, snaps, pins, and disc fasteners, their use is not recommended due to their tendency to break and leak during grouting. Segmented (discontinuous) hook and loop fasteners are also not recommended. However, hook and loop fasteners can be a combination of various types, such as a zipper combined with continuous / dot / segmented hook and loop fasteners; or a covering strip acting as a hook and loop combined with a zipper. These are all permitted combinations and composite forms. Of course, hook and loop fasteners can also consist of only zippers or only hook and loop fasteners, etc., without limitation on form. Hook and loop fasteners, also known as Velcro or snap fasteners, work by using one side of evenly distributed fine, soft fibers (the napped side) and the other side of evenly distributed stiffer hooks (or mushroom-shaped / barbed hooks, the hook side) that interlock. This interlocking is reversible and can be repeated tens of thousands of times. The interlocking sides can have hooks on one side and nap on the other, or a separate double-sided hook strip in the middle with nap on both sides, or a separate double-sided nap strip in the middle with hooks on both sides. However, because of this type of fastener connection, the two sides cannot be completely sealed together when brought together. Therefore, hook and loop fasteners still have an additional deformation value of about 1 mm when compressed. In comparison, zippers have the best compression resistance. Therefore, the optimal form of fastener on the rear end of the film bag is a zipper. At the same connection point of the film bag, there can be one zipper or two parallel zippers. For example, one is used to connect the main body blocks, and the other is used to connect the main body block to the covering strip / covering part.

[0025] A seam (or adhesive seam or heat-pressed seam) is a block joint formed after sewing (or adhesive or heat pressing), such as an attached... Figure 5 The diagram shows the interconnection of local blocks within the headquarters block. The difference between a clasp and a seam is that a clasp is detachable (i.e., it can be pulled open without damaging the original shape; it is reversible), while a seam is sewn with thread and is non-detachable (i.e., it cannot be pulled open; if it is disassembled, it is damaging, in other words, destructive, and irreversible). In this invention, the outer film bag may not necessarily have seams (or adhesive seams or heat-pressed seams), but it will definitely have clasps, for example, attached... Figure 6As shown. Only chain links can be used at the joints of the main blocks, while sewing (or gluing or heat pressing) is used at the joints of the local blocks. Of course, chain links can also be used at the joints of local blocks, but this would be more labor-intensive and unnecessary. The characteristic of sewing (or gluing or heat pressing) is that it is non-removable (cannot be pulled open), while the characteristic of chain links is that they are detachable (can be pulled open, fastened, and restored). The division of the main blocks and the setting of chain links serve the functions of umbrella cage assembly and installation, and membrane bag insertion and removal (fitting and disassembly) during the pre-planting stage. The significance of the main blocks and chain links lies in the final assembly and construction stages. The division of the local blocks and the setting of sewing (or gluing or heat pressing) serve the connection and closure between the various conical or arc-shaped materials (within the main block) to form the main block. This belongs to the prefabrication stage of components, the production stage before final assembly.

[0026] The connection between zipper pulls and film bags (such as the connection between zipper tape and film bag, or the connection between hook and loop fasteners and film bag) is usually made by sewing. Of course, heat pressing, gluing, and bolting are also possible. At the same time, buttons, snaps, and other unrecommended fastener types are also usually sewn to film bags. The materials of zippers, hook and loop fasteners are common knowledge in the textile industry, as are zipper tapes, buttons, snaps, pins, and elastic bands. They are all used by every ordinary person in daily life, so no pictures are attached in this application.

[0027] Furthermore, a chain buckle Ⅲ is provided at the connection line of the central hinge; and / or, a chain buckle Ⅰ is provided on the midline of the angle formed by two adjacent folding rods, or a chain buckle Ⅱ is provided along the folding rod; wherein, chain buckle Ⅰ is axially or centrally symmetrical about the central axis of the umbrella-shaped expanded structure; chain buckle Ⅱ is axially or centrally symmetrical about the central axis of the umbrella-shaped expanded structure.

[0028] Both horizontal and vertical links can be of any number. For example, two symmetrical vertical links can be installed from the front to the rear of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly. Alternatively, a horizontal link can be installed at the front, the hinge in the middle of the umbrella cage, and the rear of the umbrella cage. Links I and II are vertical, and link III is horizontal. When the front ends and rear ends of two adjacent folding rods are on the same cross-section, the midline of the angle formed by the two folding rods is also the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting their hinges. Not every line along the midline of the angle between two adjacent folding rods is equipped with link I, nor is link II installed along every single folding rod.

[0029] Both horizontal and vertical chain links can be incomplete. For example, a horizontal chain link at the central hinge line may only occupy half the length of that line. Alternatively, a vertical chain link may be divided into upper and lower parts by a horizontal chain link at the central hinge line. When chain link III is present but chain link I or II is not, the film bag may or may not have a seam along its longitudinal direction. When chain link I or II is present but chain link III is not, a seam may or may not be present at the central hinge line. Seams can be heat-pressed seams, thread seams (i.e., sewing thread connections), adhesive seams, button or bolt connections, snap fastener connections, etc. Buttons / snap fasteners are prone to slipping and breaking and are not recommended.

[0030] Furthermore, a structural element or structural component is provided. The structural element is: an umbrella-shaped folding rod group that can be folded forward or backward, assembled in the forward or reverse direction; each umbrella-shaped folding rod group includes several folding rods; the structural component is: in addition to the structural element, each folding rod includes one long rod and one short rod; the multi-faceted pyramidal surface formed by the short rod and / or the long rod adjacent to the rear end face of the outer membrane bag is similar to and parallel to the rear end face of the outer membrane bag in solid geometry; or in addition to the structural element or structural component, the zipper is a zipper, and / or a hook-and-loop fastener is provided at the rear end of the head block. For example, when the head block consists of two parts, the hook-and-loop fastener serves to connect the rear ends of the head block laterally, preventing the zipper rear end from being accidentally pulled open within the anchor hole. Of course, when the main unit consists of two parts, front and back, to prevent the zipper running horizontally through the anchor holes from being accidentally pulled open, in addition to using a covering strip / covering part to block it, partial hook and loop fasteners can also be used, such as covering the zipper head with hook and loop fasteners, or even no zipper at all, using hook and loop fasteners to run horizontally through the unit. Reverse assembly means the long rod is at the back and the short rod is at the front, but because it is not conducive to the deformation resistance of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head, reverse assembly is generally not recommended except for the bracket folding rod assembly; for the concepts of folding and assembly, please refer to the applicant's previous application, where reverse folding essentially means that the short rod assembly is contained within the space of the long rod assembly. Each umbrella-shaped expansion structure can have one or more umbrella-shaped folding rod groups; each umbrella-shaped folding rod group can have a number of folding rods, where "a number" refers to any integer of 2 or more, but each umbrella-shaped expansion structure should have at least 3 folding rods; each folding rod can have one long rod, one short rod, or more, such as truss structures, composite three-hinged structures, fixed four-hinged structures, etc.; different umbrella-shaped expansion structures can have different numbers of folding rods, and different umbrella-shaped folding rod groups can also have different numbers of folding rods. Here, "forming a pyramidal surface with short rods" refers to the case of forward assembly of umbrella-shaped folding rod groups, "forming a pyramidal surface with long rods" refers to the case of reverse assembly of umbrella-shaped folding rod groups, and "forming a pyramidal surface with both long and short rods" mainly refers to the case of parallel connection of forward-assembled umbrella-shaped folding rod groups and reverse-assembled umbrella-shaped folding rod groups. Similarity and parallelism in solid geometry can mean equal size, or, considering the membrane bag's location on the outside of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure and the requirements of the grouting protective layer, the membrane bag size can be slightly larger, for example, by 2mm radial enlargement. Designers can then calculate the enlargement value for each edge and each conical / arc surface based on solid geometry. Since the load-bearing capacity of the umbrella-shaped expansion head does not require lateral friction, this invention does not impose any requirements on the shape of the membrane bag in the first half, i.e., before the middle hinge. It can be tight-fitting or loose-fitting, multi-faceted pyramidal or conical, or still cylindrical (e.g., with attached...). Figure 12 (As shown), it can also be cone-shaped, etc.

[0031] In most cases, the rear end face of the membrane bag is a polygonal pyramidal surface (i.e., the surface of a polygonal pyramid). This is theoretical. Except for arc-shaped cutting lines that can form a conical surface, when the rear end face of the membrane bag has only 1-2 seams (including stitching, zippers, etc.) and the membrane bag is rarely fixedly connected to folding rods, this polygonal pyramidal surface is practically very close to the shape of a cone. The closer the angle between the short rod and the central axis of the umbrella cage is to 90 degrees, the closer the rear end face of the membrane bag is to a circular plane. When the long rod and short rod are of equal length and the number of folding rods is large, resulting in a large number of local blocks in the membrane bag, the entire membrane bag is closer to a lantern shape. It should also be noted that there is no necessary mathematical correlation between the number of seams on the rear end face of the membrane bag and the number of folding rods; in fact, various different situations exist. Using a zipper as the zipper on the rear end face of the outer membrane bag is a better solution than hook and loop fasteners. Hook and loop fasteners still do not fit tightly on both sides, and there is still approximately 1 mm of compression space inside the seam.

[0032] Furthermore, a structural feature is provided: the outer film bag has a bag collar at the front end of the front disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, and / or a bag boot at the rear end of the rear disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, the outer film bag being connected to the front end of the front disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly via the bag collar and / or connected to the rear end of the rear disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly via the bag boot; or, while providing a structural feature, a chain buckle passes through the bag collar and / or the bag boot. The collar and boot can be made of the same material as the membrane bag, or other metals, composite materials, or any other material. Unlike previous enlarged head anchor cables that mainly rely on frictional bearing, the umbrella-shaped enlarged head has a unique end-bearing bearing mode. The membrane bag located at the front hinge can have folds without affecting the compressive bearing capacity of the rear end face of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head. Correspondingly, the collar can also be an elastic band. However, during the installation process, the elastic band may be stretched due to the resistance of mud and sand, causing the membrane bag to be pushed to the rear end of the umbrella cage. Therefore, pressure plates and bolts are usually used to fix the front end of the membrane bag to the front end of the umbrella cage. Of course, hook and loop fasteners with bolts and pressure plates can also be used. The connection between the membrane bag and the front and rear plates can be of any form, such as movable through, fixed connection, unidirectional fixed connection, etc. Fixed connection, such as screw or bolt connection, etc. The front and rear plates can be implicit or explicit, as mentioned above.

[0033] The connection between the pocket collar / boot and the front / rear plate can be any form, such as a movable through-hole, a fixed connection, or a one-way fixed connection. For details on the front / rear plate, front hinge, middle hinge, rear hinge, folding rod, etc., please refer to the applicant's prior applications regarding the umbrella-shaped enlarger head. The pocket collar can be in front of, behind, or flush with the front plate, and the pocket boot can be in front of, behind, or flush with the rear plate. The pocket collar / boot mainly serves as a transition for the connection between the membrane bag and the front / rear plate (or front / rear membrane bag), and the connection method is not limited to any type, such as screws or binding. The pocket boot can also serve to close the rear end of the main block; the pocket boot can have a drawstring closure (e.g., with...). Figure 13 Appendix Figure 15 As shown), the bag boot itself is allowed to have wrinkles (provided that no wrinkles are produced on the rear end of the film bag), and a drawstring closure is not required. For example, a hook and loop fastener can be installed at the part of the bag boot through which the zipper passes to prevent the zipper from being accidentally pulled open. Of course, you can also leave out the drawstring closure or hook and loop fasteners, as long as the main block is not accidentally pulled open.

[0034] Pocket collars and pocket boots are usually ring-shaped, and their cross-sections are not limited in form, including circular and short linear shapes (e.g., attached). Figure 1 (As shown), rectangular, spindle-shaped, etc. The connection between the film bag and the bag collar and bag boot can be a fixed connection, such as heat pressing or glue bonding, sewing connection, wrapping and sewing connection, pressure plate and bolt connection, button / snap button connection (not recommended due to the risk of button breakage), etc., or a detachable fixed connection, such as chain buckle connection.

[0035] The chain strap runs through the bag collar and the bag boot to allow the entire film bag to be removed and to make it easy to put on again. Of course, it can also be left unlinked.

[0036] Furthermore, a covering strip / covering part is provided on the outside of the chain buckle and along the direction of the chain buckle. The covering strip is connected to the outer film bag by sewing thread, adhesive, hook and loop fasteners, buttons, or snap fasteners; and / or, the chain buckle runs through the entire film bag; and / or, the umbrella-shaped expander structure is an umbrella-shaped expander head anchoring structure with side resistance and end bearing combined load-bearing, and / or an inner column type umbrella-shaped expander device, and / or a fusion structure of the umbrella-shaped expander device and an easy-cut anchor bolt or a recyclable anchor bolt cable; and / or, the umbrella-shaped expander structure is a self-portable umbrella-shaped expander device for jet-jet anchor bolt cables, or a pre-expanded hole post-installation umbrella-shaped expander device, or an umbrella-shaped expander device with expansion and contraction controlled by a spiral stroke, or an umbrella-shaped expander that opens upon impact. The expansion equipment may include: a pre-retractable full-condition umbrella-shaped expansion device; a reverse folding umbrella-shaped expansion head that is synchronized with jet grouting anchors; a pre-expanded hole followed by a buttress-type umbrella-shaped expansion head; a pre-expanded hole followed by a membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expansion head; a membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expansion head that is synchronized with jet grouting anchors; an umbrella-shaped expansion head that integrates jet grouting, hole washing, and grouting for anti-buoyancy anchors; an active umbrella-shaped expansion head that is synchronized with jet grouting anchors; a passive, unstructured umbrella-shaped expansion head that is synchronized with jet grouting anchors; a passive, structured umbrella-shaped expansion head that is synchronized with jet grouting anchors; or an umbrella-shaped steel cage expansion head that is used for jet grouting and hole washing of anti-buoyancy anchors and cables in mudstone layers.

[0037] All of these are umbrella-shaped expanding structures involved in the early applications for umbrella-shaped expanding head series anchoring technologies. Except for "internal column type umbrella-shaped expanding device" (CN212452623U), "fusion structure of umbrella-shaped expanding device and easy-to-cut anchor rod or recyclable anchor cable" (CN111560952A, CN212506254U), "reverse folding umbrella-shaped expanding head that follows jet grouting anchor cable" (CN211285585U), "pre-expanded hole and then buttress-type umbrella-shaped expanding head" (CN211472484U), "pre-expanded hole and then then membrane bag type umbrella-shaped expanding head" (CN109518690A, CN209482303U), and "membrane bag type umbrella-shaped expanding head that follows jet grouting anchor cable" (CN208455617U), the publication numbers of the other early applications mentioned can be found below this application.

[0038] The covering section refers to the edge of the main unit block; the covering strip can also be the edge of the main unit block itself, or it can be one or two separate pieces of material added separately; the covering strip is located outside the zipper pull relative to the central axis of the umbrella cage. The covering section is necessary for the connection between the main units blocks, and the outermost side of the hook and loop fastener can also be considered the covering strip; the covering strip usually protects the zipper pull or supplements the zipper's filtering / water-proofing function. The covering strip can be attached to the membrane bag on one or both sides (while also covering the zipper on one or both sides), or it can be attached to the zipper pull on one or both sides (while also covering the zipper on one or both sides). Since zipper connections, hook and loop fastener connections, button connections, snap fastener (also known as concealed snap fastener) connections, cover strips / covering parts, disc fastener connections, sewing connections, pin connections, bolt connections, adhesive connections, heat-pressed connections, rope connections, binding connections, etc. are all common knowledge in the textile and apparel industry and the machinery industry, and are commonly encountered and used by the general public, this application will not include application drawings of them in the field of this invention, or will only include photographs of materials in the textile and apparel industry.

[0039] Cover strips can be one-way covers (i.e., single-door covers, such as those with attached doors). Figure 18 As shown), it can also be double-sided coverage (i.e., double doors), or it can be an invisible covering strip (i.e., equivalent to a covering part, such as an attached...). Figure 21 As shown), it can also be an explicit overlay (i.e., clearly attached to the edge of the headquarters block, such as an overlay). Figure 18 As shown); Invisible zipper (i.e., when viewed directly from the outside, only the zipper pull is visible, and the zipper itself is not, for example, attached). Figure 19(As shown) This is actually a double-door form of the cover strip; when there is one cover strip (i.e., one-way cover, one-sided setting, single door), the cover strip is integrated with one side of the zipper or connected by sewing thread, adhesive, hook and loop fasteners, buttons, or snaps, and connected to the other side of the zipper by hook and loop fasteners, buttons, or snaps; when there are two parallel cover strips (i.e., two-sided cover, two-sided setting, double door), the two cover strips are connected to the main film bag block or zipper on their respective sides by sewing thread, adhesive, hook and loop fasteners, buttons, or snaps. The cover strip can also be a hook and loop fastener and used in conjunction with a zipper, which is a common combination. The cover strip can also be partial / point-like / discontinuous. The sewing thread can be of any material and sewn with any sewing technique.

[0040] The term "film bag" here refers broadly to various forms of film bags, including one-piece film bags, outer film bags, combined film bags, and film bags with collars and / or boots. The zipper runs through the entire film bag (dividing it into two completely separate parts, or more) to allow the entire film bag (including all forms of film bags, with the outer film bag possibly being only one part) to be completely detached from and reattached to the umbrella-shaped expansion structure. In this case, the zipper may be horizontal (e.g., attached). Figure 2 The line can be horizontally through the film bag, but it can also be vertical (e.g., through an integral film bag where the inner and outer film bags are combined) or diagonal, or it can be through horizontally, vertically, and diagonally, etc. Of course, it is also permissible for the bag collar and bag boot not to be broken but to be broken only in the middle, or for the bag collar not to be broken but the bag boot to be broken, or for the bag collar to be broken but the bag boot not to be broken, etc.

[0041] Furthermore, the outer membrane bag is also equipped with anchor bars and injection pipes / injection holes, or at the same time, the outer membrane bag is also equipped with at least one of the following three: exhaust pipes / exhaust holes, umbrella planting tools, and measuring tools; wherein the measuring tool has structure C or structure D, wherein structure C is: the rear part / full length of the measuring tool is marked with scale lines and extends through the rear end of the outer membrane bag beyond the non-expanded section of the anchor hole, and the front end of the measuring tool is connected to the rear end or rear plate of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, or connected to the front end or front plate of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, wherein structure D is: while the measuring tool has structure C, the measuring tool is combined with the anchor bar or the protective sleeve of the anchor bar;

[0042] And / or, the outer membrane bag is made of transparent material;

[0043] And / or, the outer membrane bag is made of composite material;

[0044] And / or, the stirrups are placed on the inner and / or outer sides of the folding rod, or at the same time, the stirrups are horizontally fixed to the folding rod;

[0045] And / or, a front plate and a rear plate are provided, and / or a limit device and / or a backstop device are provided on the anchor bar and / or the longitudinal column, or a magnetic attraction device is used instead of a backstop device;

[0046] And / or, the cross-section of the longitudinal column is non-circular, and / or the front side of the front plate is provided with a catch pin, or the injection pipe also serves as a catch pin;

[0047] And / or: An arrival indicator is provided within the umbrella-shaped expansion structure and / or at the rear end of the anchor bar;

[0048] And / or, when the zipper is closed, the zipper head is fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expander structure / film bag;

[0049] And / or, a membrane bag and / or a protective tube are provided on the outside of the return spring;

[0050] And / or, the membrane bag includes the front plate and / or the rear plate, or at the same time, the membrane bag also includes the pilot plate / front anchor plate and / or the rear support plate / rear anchor plate;

[0051] And / or, the outer membrane bag is secured to the long rod and / or short rod by a fixing device;

[0052] And / or, a long rod extension and / or a short rod extension are provided, or at the same time, the long rod extension has structure E or structure F, wherein structure E is: the long rod extension extends out of the outer membrane bag from the hole in the outer membrane bag or from the end of the chain buckle or the stop or the gap, wherein structure F is: while the long rod extension has structure E, the long rod extension also extends to the rear plate and the rear plate also serves as an anti-dent device.

[0053] Umbrella planting tools, also known as anchoring tools, include jet grouting drill rods, grouting pipes, delivery rods, and pull ropes / suspension ropes. Umbrella cage unlocking tools include unlocking rods, pins or pull pin ropes, release ropes, rigid rods, electrical wires, and air / oil pipes. Measuring tools can be combined with anchor bars and / or grouting pipes and / or pull ropes and / or rigid rods and / or rigid pins and / or delivery rods and / or suspension rods and / or suspension ropes and / or other umbrella planting tools. The grouting pipes that pass through the membrane bag (through the inside and / or outside of the membrane bag) are used for grouting inside the bag and / or for grouting outside the bag. They can penetrate both the front and rear ends of the membrane bag, or only the rear end, without penetrating the front end. Measuring tools (such as measuring ropes) have graduations along their entire length, which can accurately reflect and measure the length of anchor bars, and monitor and prevent situations where anchor bars are too short due to various factors, even if the anchor bars themselves are not printed with dimensions. Measuring tools can be combined with protective sleeves, for example, printing dimensions on the PE sleeve of steel strand anchor bars or the PVC / PPR sleeve of threaded steel anchor bars. Measuring tools can also be combined with anchor bars, for example, using laser marking to indicate the length dimensions on the anchor bar body.

[0054] Transparent materials, such as various types of plastic films, biodegradable plastic films, and soft films made of permeable crystallizing materials, can help check whether the locking and unlocking mechanism has shifted after the umbrella cage is pre-retracted; however, whether to use transparent materials depends on the specific project conditions. Composite materials can be layered composites, such as paper-plastic films, cotton-plastic films, or aluminum-plastic films; they can be physically mixed composites, such as various fiber concretes, cotton-chemical fiber blends, glass fiber, carbon fiber, basalt fiber resin composites; or they can be planar composites, such as using hydrophobic canvas material for the soil-facing mask bag before the middle hinge and hydrophilic steel wire mesh / steel fiber mesh material for the pressure-bearing mask bag after the middle hinge, etc. The reset spring includes various springs in various parts, and the injection pipe / hole, exhaust pipe / hole, umbrella planting and unlocking tools, guide caps and anti-detachment devices, limit and anti-reverse devices, etc. are all existing technologies. For details, please refer to the applicant's series of preliminary applications on umbrella-shaped enlarged head technology. The spring part is fitted with front / rear membrane bags, etc. (Here, membrane bags refer to all possible membrane bags, such as those attached to the spring). Figure 10 The back film bag shown, attached Figure 12 The integrated membrane bag shown prevents the return spring from being obstructed by mud and sand during umbrella planting, thus avoiding obstruction during umbrella re-opening. The protective tube serves the same purpose, but the membrane bag is usually made of flexible material, while the protective tube has a certain degree of rigidity or a combination of flexibility and toughness. Examples include PVC pipes, steel pipes, rubber pipes, and reinforced fiber pipes. The protective tube and membrane bag can be used together; for example, one or both ends of the protective tube can be sealed with a membrane bag, or the membrane bag can contain the protective tube, or the membrane bag and protective tube can be combined to form an aluminum-plastic pipe, etc. (See attached image) Figure 11 The protective tube shown is fixed to the rear plate and movably sleeved on the outside of the rear support plate. The arrival indicator device is prior art, see "Umbrella-shaped expander controlled by spiral stroke" (CN214061602U) and other prior applications.

[0055] Zipper pull included Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3 The zipper head shown in the front or side view is referred to as the zipper head. When all components are assembled and in the pre-installation state, the zipper should connect the main block to form a membrane bag and fix the zipper head to the umbrella-shaped expansion structure or membrane bag, such as fixing it to relatively stationary components like the front plate, rear plate, pilot plate, rear support plate, front hinge, and rear hinge, or components that, although involved in the expansion and contraction of the umbrella cage, remain relatively stationary with the zipper head, such as folding rods, middle hinges, membrane bags, and hook and loop fasteners. The fixing method is not limited, such as cable ties, cable straps, and fiber ropes. Self-locking zipper heads can self-lock onto the zipper, but they are unstable and prone to breaking open.

[0056] The fixing device for securing the outer membrane bag to the folding rod includes various fixing types (longitudinal and / or radial and / or circumferential fixing) corresponding devices, such as O-rings, ties, cable ties, screws, fiber ropes, etc. The stirrups are tangentially fixed on the inside / outside of the folding rod, or the stirrups are movably inserted on the inside / outside of the folding rod; as long as they are placed on the inside, the resistance during the umbrella propulsion process can be reduced. Of course, if the design requires a lower load-bearing capacity, regardless of whether they are placed on the inside or outside of the folding rod, the designer may not design the stirrup fixing components or even the stirrups themselves, or the construction party may only fix the stirrups longitudinally, radially, and laterally without circumferential fixing (e.g., providing O-rings for circumferential sliding of the stirrups) or even without the stirrups, but such actions are not recommended, and such actions are still within the scope of protection of this invention. The end, contact, or gap of the chain buckle, such as the two ends of the chain buckle, the contact point of two zipper heads, the gap of the hook and loop fastener, etc., are various situations. The extension of the folding rod extending out of the membrane bag refers to directly opening a hole in the membrane bag, and the rear plate also serving as an anti-dent device, such as an attached... Figure 14 As shown.

[0057] Furthermore, a structural element is also provided, which includes a screw and a nut. One of the screw and the nut is fixedly connected to the front plate or the rear plate, and the other is rotatably connected to the rear plate or the front plate. The screw and the nut are threaded together. The rear end of the screw or the nut extends backward through the rear end of the outer membrane bag to the outside of the non-expanded section of the anchor hole. Alternatively, a longitudinal column may be provided in addition to the structural element.

[0058] This corresponds to the spiral expansion and contraction method of the umbrella cage. Anchor bars can be combined with screws or nuts, or they can be set independently; the threads on the anchor bars can be set locally or continuously. For terms not clearly explained in this application and the technical features of each component, please refer to the prior application "Umbrella-shaped expander device with spiral stroke controlled expansion and contraction" (CN214061602U) and other prior applications of the applicant regarding umbrella-shaped expander head anchoring technology. The buffer device can be a buffer spring, a pneumatic / hydraulic cylinder, or a permanent magnet or electromagnetic device, etc.

[0059] Alternatively, a structural element G may be provided: the anchor bar is fixedly connected to the front plate and a grouting pipe is provided; the front end of the grouting pipe is detachably connected to the front plate, and the middle part of the grouting pipe passes through the rear plate; or the front end of the grouting pipe passes through the front plate, and the middle part of the grouting pipe is detachably connected to the rear plate; the rear end of the grouting pipe passes through the rear end of the outer membrane bag and extends to the outside of the non-expanded section of the anchor hole; or, while providing a structural element G, at least one of a longitudinal column and a limiting device may also be provided, wherein the limiting device is provided on the anchor bar / longitudinal column behind the front plate and in front of the rear plate.

[0060] This corresponds to a gravity-type umbrella cage anti-buoyancy anchor. Detachable connections include threaded connections and rotary snap-fit ​​connections (also known as screw bolts or snap bolts). The injection pipe can be a grouting pipe, a jet grouting pipe, or a combined grouting and jet grouting pipe. Grouting and jet grouting can be the same grout delivery pipeline and grout outlet, or they can be different pipelines and outlets, or both jet grouting pipes and grouting pipes can be installed. When the injection pipe is detachably connected to the front plate and moves through the rear plate, the rear plate is pulled upwards by ropes or wires (e.g., tied to the rear end of the anchor bar outside the anchor hole or other fixed points), and the umbrella cage retracts. When the lifting device on the rear plate is released, the umbrella cage automatically expands and opens under gravity. When the injection pipe is detachably connected to the rear plate and moves through the front plate, the grout outlet is still located at the front end of the injection pipe. When the lifting device lifts the rear plate to anchor the umbrella through the injection pipe, the umbrella cage retracts under gravity. When the lifting device releases the injection pipe or the injection pipe leaves the rear plate, the umbrella cage automatically expands and opens under gravity. The reinforcing column here is the structural component originally referred to, which, together with the limiting device, the front plate, and the rear plate, forms a three-hinged support structure. For terms and technical features of related components that are not clearly explained in this application, please refer to the earlier applications "Umbrella-shaped steel cage enlarged head for anti-buoyancy anchor bolts and cable rotary jet grouting holes in mudstone layers" (CN207362897U), "Umbrella-shaped enlarged head for integrated rotary jet grouting, hole enlargement, hole washing, and grouting of anti-buoyancy anchor bolts" (CN209585034U), and other earlier application documents of the applicant regarding the anchoring technology of umbrella-shaped enlarged heads, such as the front plate originally being a tie plate / wire plate, and the rear plate originally being a threading plate / wire plate, etc.

[0061] The longitudinal column in this application encompasses all concepts and connotations related to longitudinal columns, reinforcing columns, structural components, structural rods, structural pipes, or structural columns in existing applications concerning umbrella-shaped expanding heads, umbrella-shaped expanding devices, umbrella-shaped expanding structures, and umbrella-shaped expanding equipment (reinforcing columns 35, structural components, structural rods, structural pipes, and structural columns are all types of longitudinal columns). These are not listed here individually; please refer to the applicant's series of prior applications regarding umbrella-shaped expanding head technology for details. The grouting pipe can be integrated with the longitudinal column, and anchor bars can also be integrated with the longitudinal column and / or grouting pipe; even the impact bar can be integrated with the longitudinal column. Different types of longitudinal columns can be used simultaneously in a single umbrella-shaped expanding device.

[0062] Alternatively, a structural mortise may be provided, wherein the structural mortise is provided with a pilot plate or front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate or rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column; or, while providing a structural mortise, a limit device and / or a backstop device may also be provided on the anchor bar and / or the longitudinal column, or a magnetic attraction device may be used instead of a backstop device.

[0063] This structure corresponds to the push-pull method for contracting and expanding the umbrella cage. This type of structure typically requires the use of limiting devices and / or anti-reverse devices for normal operation and stable expansion. The pilot plate / front anchor plate / rear support plate / rear anchor plate in this structure only serve as supports. Even after removing them, the umbrella cage can still be contracted and expanded using the push-pull method (still within the protection of claim 3). However, the longitudinal columns extending forward and / or backward are prone to bending and deformation without support, leading to difficulties in the longitudinal sliding of the front and rear plates. For detailed technical features of each component, please refer to the corresponding illustrations and descriptions in the applicant's earlier applications, such as "Grouting and Prestressing Construction Method for Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Head Prestressed Soil Anchorage Structure" (CN113585251A), "Pre-expanded Hole Post-installation Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Equipment" (CN213682090U), and "Self-Portable Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Equipment for Jet Grouting Anchor Cables" (CN213897099U). Limiting devices and anti-reverse devices need to be secured, and magnetic devices also need to be secured to the corresponding components by means of an outer casing.

[0064] Limiting devices, and / or anti-reverse devices, and / or jacking devices and / or anti-pull devices, and / or fixing devices (including unidirectional fixing devices) are installed on the anchor bars and / or longitudinal columns, or magnetic suction devices are used instead of anti-reverse devices.

[0065] This is the corresponding structure for the contraction and expansion of the umbrella cage using the post-tensioning (anchor bar or grouting pipe, etc.) method or gravity method (e.g., gravity adaptive method). See the applicant's "Grouting and Prestressing Construction Method for Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged-Head Prestressed Soil Anchorage Structure" (CN113585251A), "Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged-Head Anchorage Structure with Composite Bearing of Side Resistance and End Bearing" (CN215906762U), and "Umbrella-Shaped Reinforcing Cage Enlarged Head Used for Anti-buoyancy Anchor Rods and Cable-Mounted Jet-Clean Holes in Mudstone Layers" (CN215906762U). The preliminary application documents include: “Umbrella-shaped enlarger head for integrated jet grouting, hole washing and grouting for anti-floating anchors (CN209585034U)”, “Pre-expanded hole post-planted membrane bag type umbrella-shaped enlarger head (CN209482303U)”, “Pre-expanded hole post-planted umbrella-shaped enlarger equipment (CN213682090U)”, and “Jet jet anchor cable self-portable umbrella-shaped enlarger equipment (CN213897099U)”.

[0066] Alternatively, a pilot plate / front anchor plate and / or a rear support plate / rear anchor plate may be provided, and / or a longitudinal column may be provided; and a reset device may be provided between the front end of the front disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly and the pilot plate / front anchor plate, and / or between the front end of the front disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly and the rear end of the rear disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, and / or between the rear end of the rear disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly and the rear support plate / rear anchor plate;

[0067] This structure corresponds to an adaptive, non-pre-retractable umbrella cage. The reinforcing column 35 in this application (which falls within the technical scope of longitudinal columns) is existing technology. The reinforcing column 35 can be an internal pressure-bearing column, an external pressure-bearing column, an integral limiting device, or a structural component, etc., as detailed in the applicant's series of prior applications regarding umbrella-shaped expanding head technology. The reset device in this application includes, but is not limited to, a reset spring and / or a pneumatic / hydraulic cylinder and / or a magnetic device. The pneumatic cylinder and hydraulic cylinder include one-way and / or two-way piston cylinders, where the one-way piston cylinder includes a one-way extending piston cylinder and / or a one-way retracting piston cylinder. The magnetic device includes permanent magnets and / or electromagnet devices, magnetic attraction or repulsion devices. The reset spring is not limited in form, including but not limited to tension springs, compression springs, torsion springs, air springs, spring sheets, etc. The reset spring can be installed on the anchor bars and / or reinforcing columns, or between long and short rods, between folding rods, between folding rods and the front plate and / or rear plate and / or guide plate and / or rear support plate, etc. For terms and technical features of related components that are not clearly described in this application, please refer to the prior applications “Construction Method of Jet Grouting Anchor Cable or Jet Grouting Anchor Bolt with Self-Contained Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Structure” (CN108775014A), “Active Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Head Synchronized with Jet Grouting Anchor Cable” (CN208586608U), “Passive Structured Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Head Synchronized with Jet Grouting Anchor Cable” (CN208685602U), “Passive Unstructured Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Head Synchronized with Jet Grouting Anchor Cable” (CN208668408U), “Pre-receiving Full-Condition Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Device and Its Usage Method” (CN110552348A), and other prior applications of the applicant regarding umbrella-shaped expanding head anchoring technology.

[0068] Alternatively, a pilot plate / front anchor plate and / or a rear support plate / rear anchor plate may be provided, and / or a longitudinal column may be provided; and a reset device may be provided between the front end of the front disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly and the pilot plate / front anchor plate, and / or between the front end of the front disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly and the rear end of the rear disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, and / or between the rear end of the rear disc / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly and the rear support plate / rear anchor plate; and a device for locking and unlocking expansion of the pre-contraction state of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly may be provided before the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, and / or between the front end and the rear end, and / or after the rear end.

[0069] The pre-contraction locking and unlocking expansion device is used to temporarily lock and unlock the retracted state of the pre-contraction umbrella-shaped expander and expand the umbrella cage and / or gas-liquid expansion umbrella cage; it is referred to as the locking and unlocking device. Temporary locking refers to pre-contracting (closing) the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly before implanting the umbrella-shaped expander into the anchor hole and locking it with the locking device (i.e., stabilizing it in the retracted state) to facilitate the smooth implantation of the umbrella-shaped expander into the non-expanding section of the anchor hole. Temporary locking occurs after the umbrella-shaped expander is implanted into the pre-expanding section of the anchor hole or after reaching the predetermined depth and performing jet grouting. Then, the locking device is unlocked and the umbrella cage is expanded using pneumatic / hydraulic expansion, thereby restoring the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly to its original conical / inverted conical shape. Specific locking and unlocking devices include, for example, bolts / locking levers, latches, latch release springs, latch release magnets, pull bolts, slots, latch release ropes, latch advance ropes, restraint ropes and knots, jet blasting drill rods, longitudinally distributed locking devices that can be cut by the jet blast (e.g., pull rods or restraint ropes), waterproof electromagnets (e.g., electromagnetic locks), pins, fasteners and inner and / or outer anchors, earrings, loops, spokes, and binding cords. The components include: a binding ring or loop or collar; high-strength, low-melting-point binding rope; electric heating device; bladder (air bladder or liquid bladder); safety valve; outer cover / sleeve and push-pull plate; push rod; pin; pull pin rope; reel (e.g., rigid grouting pipe and outer cylinder and release channel) and binding rope; piston cylinder; clamp; ejector spring / ejector magnet, etc.; spokes can be rigid or flexible (e.g., connecting rope); piston cylinders can be unidirectional or bidirectional, hydraulic or pneumatic; unidirectional piston cylinders include unidirectional retraction or unidirectional extension, and consist of a piston and a cylinder liner; the above are used for umbrella-shaped expanders. For details on the pre-shrinkage state locking and unlocking expansion device and related component technical features, please refer to the corresponding illustrations and descriptions in the applicant's earlier application documents, such as "Grouting and Prestressed Construction Method of Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Head Prestressed Soil Anchorage Structure" (CN113585251A), "Pre-shrinkage Full-Condition Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Device and Its Usage Method" (CN110552348A), "Pre-expanded Hole Post-installation Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Equipment" (CN213682090U), and "Self-Portable Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Equipment for Jet Grouting Anchor Cable" (CN213897099U).

[0070] Alternatively, a structural element may be provided, comprising: a longitudinal rigid pin, and several collars I, II, binding rings, or wrapping rings; the front end of the rigid pin is movably inserted into collar I, II, binding ring, or wrapping ring; each collar I is connected to a corresponding folding rod via a radially arranged spoke and pulls it close to the rigid pin; each collar II is a closed loop and fits a corresponding folding rod inside and pulls it close to the rigid pin; the binding ring pulls the folding rod group close to the rigid pin via a binding rope, and the wrapping ring pulls the folding rod group close to the rigid pin via a wrapping rope; the rear end of the rigid pin extends backward beyond the non-expanded section of the anchor hole through the rear end of the outer membrane bag or extends beyond the non-expanded section of the anchor hole via a pin-pulling rope; or a longitudinal column may be provided in addition to the structural element.

[0071] This structure corresponds to the constraint, release, and re-tensioning of the umbrella cage using a combination of gravity and rigid pin methods without a reset device. The rigid pin (i.e., the insert pin in the existing technology "pre-expanded hole post-installed umbrella-shaped expander (CN213682090U)") is either a tubular pin or a solid pin; the tubular pin is, for example, combined with the injection pipe, such as a jet grouting drill rod. The front end of the pull-out rope is fixedly connected to the rear end of the rigid pin. The spokes can be rigid or flexible, and the connection between the spokes and the folding rod is not limited to any form, such as welding, binding, threading, etc. The collar II is also called the rope loop. For details on the technical characteristics of each component, please refer to the corresponding illustrations and descriptions in the applicant's earlier application documents, such as "Grouting and Prestressing Construction Method of Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Head Prestressed Soil Anchorage Structure" (CN113585251A), "Pre-receiving Full-Condition Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Device and Its Usage Method" (CN110552348A), "Pre-expanded Hole Post-planting Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Equipment" (CN213682090U), and "Self-portable Umbrella-Shaped Expanding Equipment for Jet Grouting Anchor Cable" (CN213897099U).

[0072] Alternatively, a structural bracket may be provided, comprising: a longitudinal rigid pin, and several collars I, II, binding rings, or wrapping rings; the front end of the rigid pin is movably inserted through collars I, II, binding rings, or wrapping rings; each collar I is connected to a corresponding folding rod via a radially arranged spoke and pulls it close to the rigid pin; each collar II is a closed loop and fits a corresponding folding rod inside and pulls it close to the rigid pin; the binding ring pulls the folding rod assembly close to the rigid pin via a binding rope, and the wrapping ring pulls the folding rod assembly close to the rigid pin via a wrapping rope; and a reset device is provided before the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly, and / or between the front end and the rear end, and / or after the rear end; the rear end of the rigid pin extends backward beyond the non-expanded section of the anchor hole through the rear end of the outer membrane bag or extends beyond the non-expanded section of the anchor hole via a pin-pulling rope; or, in addition to the structural bracket, a pilot plate or front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate or rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column may also be provided;

[0073] This structure corresponds to the use of rigid pins to lock and unlock the umbrella cage when a reset device is in place. It also includes various grouting pipe locking methods. The technical characteristics of related components such as rigid pins, pull pin ropes, spokes, collars, binding rings, and winding rings are the same as above. For details, please refer to the corresponding illustrations and descriptions in the applicant's earlier application documents, such as "Grouting and Prestressing Construction Method of Umbrella-shaped Enlarged Head Prestressed Soil Anchorage Structure" (CN113585251A), "Pre-receiving Full-condition Umbrella-shaped Expanding Device and Its Usage Method" (CN110552348A), "Pre-expanded Hole Post-planting Umbrella-shaped Expanding Equipment" (CN213682090U), and "Self-portable Umbrella-shaped Expanding Equipment for Jet Grouting Anchor Cable" (CN213897099U).

[0074] Alternatively, a magnetic device may be provided, or longitudinal columns may also be provided simultaneously; the magnetic device here includes an electromagnetic device and / or a permanent magnet device, used for electromagnetic unlocking re-tensioning or direct drive of the umbrella cage re-tensioning. The electromagnetic device includes the waterproof electromagnet, drive coil, induction coil, etc., as described in the previous application. The waterproof electromagnet is an electromagnet with a waterproof enclosure, and the permanent magnet device is a permanent magnet. The electromagnet application methods include electromagnetic unlocking re-tensioning and electromagnetic drive re-tensioning. Electromagnetic drive includes a combination of drive coils, or a combination of drive coils and induction coils, or a combination of drive coils and permanent magnets. The drive coil is a coil connected to an AC or DC power supply, and the induction coil is a coil not connected to a power supply. The magnetic device is installed on the front plate and / or rear plate and / or pilot plate / front anchor plate and / or rear support plate / rear anchor plate and / or anchor bar and / or longitudinal column, etc. For details of the application and installation structure, please refer to the previous application.

[0075] Alternatively, a pull rope and / or a rigid rod are provided along the longitudinal direction, or a longitudinal column is also provided at the same time; the front end of the pull rope and the front end of the rigid rod are both connected to the rear plate, or both can move through the rear plate and connect to the front plate, and the rear end of the pull rope and the rear end of the rigid rod extend backward beyond the non-expanded section of the anchor hole.

[0076] This structure corresponds to locking and unlocking the retractable umbrella cage using methods such as push-pull, gravity, or a combination of both. The connections here are typically fixed or unidirectional fixed connections. For example, a unidirectional fixed connection between the pull cord and the rear plate means the pull cord can be pulled forward away from the rear plate but cannot be pulled backward. Similarly, a unidirectional fixed connection between the rigid rod and the rear plate means the rigid rod can detach from the rear plate backward but cannot pass through it forward. For details on the technical characteristics of the aforementioned components, please refer to the corresponding illustrations and descriptions in the applicant's earlier application documents, including "Grouting and Prestressing Construction Method of Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Head Prestressed Soil and Rock Anchorage Structure" (CN113585251A), "Pre-receiving Full-Condition Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Body Device and Its Usage Method" (CN110552348A), "Pre-expansion and Post-installation Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Body Equipment" (CN213682090U), "Self-Portable Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Body Equipment for Jet Grouting Anchor Cable" (CN213897099U), "Umbrella-Shaped Reinforcing Cage Enlarged Head for Anti-buoyancy Anchors and Cables in Mudstone Layers that Can Be Jet Grouted for Hole Washing" (CN207362897U), and "Umbrella-Shaped Enlarged Head for Anti-buoyancy Anchors that Can Be Jet Grouted for Hole Enlargement, Hole Washing, and Grouting Integration" (CN209585034U).

[0077] Or, a Structure Xin is provided, which is: a collision rod is arranged longitudinally, and the front end of the collision rod is arranged on the front side of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, the rear end of the collision rod is fixedly connected (including one-way fixed connection) to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded backward, the rear end of the collision rod movably passes through the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group and is fixedly connected (including one-way fixed connection) to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; or while the Structure Xin is provided, a Structure You or a buffer device is also provided, where the Structure You is a pilot plate or a front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate or a rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column, or the longitudinal column is combined with the collision rod while the longitudinal column is provided; <​​​​​​​​​Furthermore, the outer membrane bag is longitudinally inserted into the umbrella-shaped expansion structure, and / or transversely inserted into the umbrella-shaped expansion structure; and / or, the cutting method of the membrane bag raw material adopts parallel cutting or converging cutting; the converging cutting is to set radial cutting line A and zigzag cutting line on the plane of the membrane bag raw material, wherein the radial cutting line A uses cone tip I / cone tip II as the radiation source and cone tip II / cone tip I as the radiation target and connects the radiation source and the radiation target; the zigzag cutting line connects each hinge to the radiation target, or at the same time, the two ends of the zigzag cutting line return to the radiation source;

[0082] When the umbrella cage is in the expanded state, the outer membrane bag needs to be put on and taken off by closing (fastening) and opening (unfastening) the chain buckles, respectively. If according to the attached... Figure 10 Using cone tip II as the radiation source for cutting prevents the two ends of the zigzag cutting line from returning to the radiation source. In this case, the sum of the angles of all the faces of the polygonal pyramid is exactly 360 degrees, forming a plane. "Intersection" means that after the design cutting plan is laid out onto the plane of the film bag raw material, all radial cutting lines intersect at the radiation source (cone tip I or cone tip II) during cutting. That is, all clasps (whether clasp I or clasp II) or their extensions intersect at the radiation source (cone tip I or cone tip II). "Parallelism" means that during cutting, all longitudinal cutting lines are parallel to each other. That is, all clasps are parallel to each other (all longitudinal). Intersecting patterns can also be called centralized, central, centripetal, or centrifugal patterns; parallel patterns can also be called dispersed patterns; radial patterns can also be called radial patterns; and radial cutting lines can also be called radial lines, meaning straight lines emitted from the radiation source to the surrounding radiation targets. The radiation source is either a central hinge or a chain link. The intersection point is also called the center point or the center of the circle. Each segment of a zigzag cutting line can be either a straight line or an arc.

[0083] Parallel cutting involves setting radial cutting lines B on the plane of the film bag raw material; or in addition to radial cutting lines B, longitudinal cutting lines and / or transverse cutting lines are also set; wherein the radial cutting lines B use each central hinge as the radiation source and cone tip I and cone tip II as the radiation target and connect the radiation source and the radiation target; wherein the longitudinal cutting lines connect cone tip I and cone tip II, and the transverse cutting lines connect each central hinge.

[0084] Intersection cutting, for example, attached Figure 7 Appendix Figure 8 As shown, parallel cutting, for example, is attached. Figure 4 Appendix Figure 5 Appendix Figure 6 As shown. (Attached) Figure 4 It is attached Figure 1 The corresponding raw materials are laid out using a parallel cutting pattern, attached. Figure 5 It is attached Figure 2 The corresponding raw materials are laid out using a parallel cutting pattern, attached. Figure 6 It is attached Figure 3 The corresponding raw materials are laid out using a parallel cutting pattern, attached. Figure 7 Appendix Figure 8 It is attached Figure 1 The corresponding raw materials are laid out using a cross-cutting pattern. (Attached) Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 It is a double-convex tetrahedron, with... Figure 3 It is a double-convex hexagonal pyramid, but the umbrella cage can also be a triangular pyramid, any polyhedral pyramid, a cone, etc.

[0085] Radial cutting line A extends radially from cone tip I or cone tip II (radiation source) to cone tip II or cone tip I (radiation target). Zigzag cutting line connects all the hinged sections to cone tip II or cone tip I (radiation target) circumferentially and may locally return to the center (radiation source), for example, see attached... Figure 8 As shown, in addition Figure 7 It can be viewed as a broken line cutting line returning to the center (radiation source). Cone tip I is located at the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and cone tip II is located at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group.

[0086] The term "middle hinge" was previously mistakenly used to refer to a central hinge chain. Since the name "middle hinge chain" is inaccurate, it is now uniformly corrected to "middle hinge joint." It refers to the joint, or pivot, connecting the long and short rods. Similarly, the front and rear hinge joints are also referred to in this way. As with the applicant's previous umbrella-shaped enlarged head series applications, the symbol " / " in this application signifies "or."

[0087] Of course, the membrane bag can also be formed in one piece, such as by using a fiber weaving machine to form a single piece, or by extrusion, molding, stretching, or lamination (e.g., non-woven fabric) processes to form it in one piece. Alternatively, raw materials (e.g., paper) can be folded and then powder-coated. However, the selection of raw materials and manufacturing processes for the membrane bag must serve the high compressive strength of the umbrella cage's rear end. Cutting followed by sewing / adhesive / heat pressing or chain fastening is the preferred manufacturing process, while also considering material conservation. After the membrane bag is installed, it can be fixed to the folding rod using ties or screws to reduce slippage between the membrane bag and the fixed body, thus reducing stress concentration at the umbrella handle.

[0088] When the angle between the short pole and the central axis of the umbrella cage is a right angle (e.g., attached) Figure 10 As shown), the umbrella cage is a flat-bottomed, multi-faceted pyramid; when the angle between the short rod and the central axis of the umbrella cage is acute or obtuse, the umbrella cage becomes a multi-faceted, double-pyramidal body with protruding ends (e.g., attached). Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2As shown, it can be shaped like a multi-faceted double pyramid with one end protruding and the other concave (the protruding multi-faceted pyramid encloses the concave multi-faceted pyramid, similar to the spatial relationship between the outer and inner flames of a flame; in this case, the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is inverted). However, the outer membrane bag does not undergo any essential change (its function is completely different from that of the inner membrane bag); it is merely that the outer membrane bag is inverted following the short rod. Here, cone tip I and cone tip II are not only the intersection points of the various cone surfaces of the multi-faceted pyramid, but also the intersection points of the chain link or its extension lines, and theoretically the intersection points of the extension lines of the long rod and the short rod, respectively, in the umbrella cage re-tensioned state. Due to the unfolding of the multi-faceted pyramid onto a planar diagram, there are multiple cone tips I or II on the same raw material planar diagram.

[0089] Furthermore, the raw material of the film bag is divided into two or more (including two) head blocks and / or two or more (including two) regional blocks through intersecting cutting; each head block has a forked part inside, and after cutting, the forked parts are connected and closed by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block, and / or the regional blocks are connected and closed by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block; finally, the head blocks are connected and closed by clasps to form the outer film bag; the forked part inside the head block starts from the middle hinge and ends at the cone tip I or cone tip II, coinciding with the zigzag cutting line;

[0090] Alternatively, the raw material of the film bag can be divided into two or more (including two) main blocks by parallel cutting, or each main block can be divided into two or more (including two) local blocks at the same time; after cutting, the local blocks are connected and joined together by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the main block; finally, the main blocks are connected and joined together by clasps to form the outer film bag.

[0091] The design and layout are done on the flat surface of the film bag raw material. The areas where the material is cut away are the notches. Header blocks or local blocks intersect with these notches. Header blocks or local blocks created by intersecting cuts are typically ray-shaped, swallowtail-shaped, butterfly-shaped, or triangular. Header blocks or local blocks created by parallel cuts are typically rhomboid or triangular. Each head block can contain at least one local block. (See attached image) Figure 1 Appendix Figure 4 The outer membrane bag shown has 4 headquarters blocks, and each headquarters block contains 2 local blocks; (See attached image) Figure 2 Appendix Figure 5 The outer membrane bag shown has 4 headquarters blocks, and each headquarters block contains 3 local blocks; (See attached image) Figure 3 Appendix Figure 6 The outer membrane bag shown has 6 main blocks. (Attached) Figure 1 Appendix Figure 7 Appendix Figure 8 Appendix Figure 9 The outer membrane bags shown all have 4 main blocks, with attached... Figure 5The outer membrane bag shown in the image, if not cut by the transverse cutting line, will only have two main sections, attached. Figure 8 The lower headquarters block is constructed from two local blocks joined together by sewing / adhesive / heat pressing. The raw materials are freely chosen using intersecting cuts and / or parallel cuts, for example, with... Figure 1 You can press the attached Figure 4 The parallel cutting method shown can also be used as indicated in the attached document. Figure 7 Or attached Figure 8 Or attached Figure 9 The cut is done using the intersection method shown.

[0092] Of course, chain links can also be used at the junctions of forks within the headquarters block and at the junctions of local blocks, but this would be more labor-intensive and unnecessary. Sewing / adhesive / heat pressing connections are usually used instead.

[0093] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0094] 1. This invention, by setting up a chain buckle and using corresponding membrane bag manufacturing and usage methods, can not only eliminate wrinkles on the pressure-bearing surface of the membrane bag's rear end, ensuring the compressive strength of the solidified body at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expander head, and guaranteeing the compressive strength and force transmission effect of the umbrella-shaped expander head under high loads, thus avoiding quality and safety hazards, but more importantly, it also allows the membrane bag to be freely put on and taken off by all types of umbrella-shaped expander structures in the pre-planting stage. It can easily handle pre-harvest accidents without needing to damage and remove the membrane bag for replacement, and can conveniently handle pre-harvest accidents and quickly restore the membrane bag to its original state, which can be described as time-saving, labor-saving, cost-saving and cost-effective.

[0095] 2. The membrane bag of the present invention can be inserted and removed longitudinally or laterally (radially). It can be inserted and removed when the umbrella cage is closed or expanded. It can be inserted and removed before planting the umbrella in the case of upward-facing holes, horizontal holes, or downward-facing holes. It can be inserted and removed arbitrarily for adaptive umbrella cages or for all types of pre-retractable umbrella cages. It can also be inserted and removed arbitrarily to handle the situation in the event of an umbrella cage pre-retractable accident, which is very convenient!

[0096] 3. The essence of the wrinkling problem lies in the compressive strength of the solidified body at the rear end of the membrane bag. This invention achieves free insertion and removal by setting up a chain buckle, thereby solving the problem of not being able to pre-shrink. In this way, it not only solves the wrinkling problem at the rear end of the membrane bag, but also solves a series of new problems arising in solving the wrinkling problem. For example, non-pre-shrink umbrella-shaped expansion structures cannot fit membrane bags without wrinkles at the rear end, and the outer cover method pre-shrink umbrella-shaped expansion structure cannot fit membrane bags without wrinkles at the rear end, etc. It can be described as a comprehensive and thorough wrinkle removal solution.

[0097] 4. Membrane bags isolate the injection medium inside the bag from the external environment, which is beneficial to improving the strength of the anchor body. However, they also introduce the problem of wrinkling on the bearing surface at the rear end. For non-true end-bearing pressure-bearing bags, cage-core bags, and variable-diameter steel cages (with medium bearing capacity, such as a characteristic value of 50 tons), this problem can be ignored. However, for umbrella-shaped enlarged head anchor cables, which are high-bearing (e.g., characteristic value of 100 tons), high-deformation-resistance (not dependent on frictional resistance, therefore within the prestress value or bearing capacity design value, no pull-out deformation occurs during the engineering loading stage and operation stage, and mud skin creep is eliminated), and high-reliability (deep anchoring, eliminating shallow anchoring methods, not dependent on frictional resistance, unaffected by mud skin washing quality, unaffected by shallow stratum deformation, and unaffected by sand and mud inclusions in the non-enlarged borehole section consolidation body), this problem cannot be tolerated. This limits the application of membrane bags in umbrella-shaped enlarged head series anchoring technologies. This invention solves this problem well and eliminates the obstacles to the application of membrane bags from the aforementioned perspectives. Attached Figure Description

[0098] Figure 1 This is a side view schematic diagram of the biconvex vertebral extracorporeal membrane bag of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of two sides of the biconvex vertebral extracorporeal membrane bag of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three sides of the biconvex vertebral extracorporeal membrane bag of the present invention;

[0101] Figure 4 For the corresponding Figure 1 A schematic diagram of parallel cutting of the raw material for the film bag;

[0102] Figure 5 For the corresponding Figure 2 A schematic diagram of parallel cutting of the raw material for the film bag;

[0103] Figure 6 For the corresponding Figure 3 A schematic diagram of parallel cutting of the raw material for the film bag;

[0104] Figure 7 For the corresponding Figure 1 Diagram of cross-cutting of membrane bag raw materials Figure 1 ;

[0105] Figure 8 For the corresponding Figure 1 Diagram of cross-cutting of membrane bag raw materials Figure 2 ;

[0106] Figure 9 For the corresponding Figure 1 Diagram of cross-cutting of membrane bag raw materials Figure 3 ;

[0107] Figure 10 This is a side sectional view of the flat-bottomed extracorporeal membrane bag and the tubular posterior membrane bag of the present invention;

[0108] Figure 11 This is a side sectional view of the outer membrane bag of the present invention used for fine-rolled threaded steel anchor rods with umbrella-shaped expanded body structure and reinforcing column;

[0109] Figure 12 This is a side sectional view of the membrane bag of the present invention used for the enlarged head anchor cable after the umbrella cage is re-stretched and filled;

[0110] Figure 13 Photograph of the folds at the closure of a traditional sac / membrane bag;

[0111] Figure 14 This is a side sectional view of the membrane bag of the present invention used for the enlarged head anchor bolt before the rigid tube pin method for re-tensioning of the umbrella cage;

[0112] Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 17 Photograph of the folds at the closure of a traditional sac / membrane bag;

[0113] Figure 18 Example diagram of zipper and cover strip materials required for manufacturing this invention;

[0114] Figure 19 Example diagram of an invisible zipper used in the production of this invention;

[0115] Figure 20 Example diagram of zipper and cover materials required for manufacturing this invention;

[0116] Figure 21 Example diagram of the covering material required for manufacturing this invention;

[0117] Figure 22 Example diagram of the hook and loop material required for manufacturing this invention;

[0118] Among them: 1-Outer membrane bag, 2-Head block, 3-Chain link III, 4-Chain link I, 5-Chain link II, 6-Middle hinge, 7-Folding rod, 8-Central axis, 9-Rear end face of outer membrane bag, 10-Long rod, 11-Short rod, 12-Pyramidal surface, 13-Front plate, 14-Bag collar, 15-Rear plate, 16-Bag boot, 17-Membrane bag raw material, 18-Radial cutting line A, 19-Zigzag cutting line, 21-Cone tip I, 22-Cone tip II, 2 3-Longitudinal cutting line, 25-Transverse cutting line, 26-Radial cutting line B, 27-Local block, 28-Forked section, 29-Covering strip, 30-Anchor bar, 31-Reset spring, 32-Protective tube, 33-Fixing device H, 34-Stirrup, 35-Force-adding column, 36-Load transfer device, 37-Rear support plate, 38-Pilot plate, 39-Pushing device, 40-Guide cap, 41-Anti-detachment device, 43-Anchor hole enlargement section, 4 4-Anchor hole non-expanded section; 45-Outer fixed body of membrane bag; 46-Umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly; 47-Inner fixed body of membrane bag; 48-Front hinge; 49-Rear membrane bag; 50-Anti-reverse device; 51-Limiting device; 52-Integral membrane bag; 53-Rear hinge; 55-Chain link I; 56-Chain link II; 57-Chain link III; 58-Notch; 59-Sewing connection; 60-Connecting line of middle hinge; 61-Pull in frontal view. 62-Zipper head in side view, 63-Chain buckle in side view, 64-Extension of long rod, 65-Hole, 66-Moveable through, 67-Threaded connection / rotary snap connection, 68-Spoke, 69-Loop I, 70-Loop II, 71-Injection tube, 72-Rigid pin, 73-Measurement tool, 75-Snap fastener, 76-Cover, 77-Zipper head, 78-Zipper, 79-Button, 81-Radiation source, 82-Radiation target. Detailed Implementation

[0119] To more clearly describe the technical solution of the present invention, some embodiments are listed below, but they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0120] Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 To be continued Figure 12 Appendix Figure 14 Appendix Figure 18 To be continued Figure 22 As shown.

[0121] An umbrella-shaped expansion structure is provided within the anchor hole expansion section 43. An umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46 is provided within the umbrella-shaped expansion structure. An outer membrane bag 1 is sleeved on the outside of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46. One or more tangentially extending chain buckles are provided on the outer membrane bag 1, and / or two or more radially extending chain buckles are provided on the rear end face 9 of the outer membrane bag. The outer membrane bag 1 or the rear end face 9 of the outer membrane bag is composed of two or more head blocks 2 spliced ​​together, and the splicing method is chain buckles.

[0122] Preferably, the front end of the outer membrane bag 1 is directly or indirectly connected to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, and / or the rear end of the outer membrane bag 1 is directly or indirectly connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46.

[0123] Preferably, a chain buckle Ⅲ3 is provided at the line connecting the central hinge 6; and / or, a chain buckle Ⅰ4 is provided on the midline of the angle formed by two adjacent folding rods 7, or a chain buckle Ⅱ5 is provided along the folding rod 7; wherein, chain buckle Ⅰ4 is symmetrical about the central axis 8 of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure or is centrally symmetrical about the central axis 8 of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure.

[0124] Preferably, a structural element or structural component is provided, wherein the structural element is: an umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46 that can be folded forward or backward, assembled in the forward or reverse direction; each umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46 includes several folding rods 7; the structural component is: while the structural element is provided, each folding rod 7 includes a long rod 10 and a short rod 11; the multi-faceted pyramidal surface 12 formed by the short rod 11 and / or the long rod 10 adjacent to the rear end face 9 of the outer membrane bag is similar to and parallel to the rear end face 9 of the outer membrane bag in solid geometry; or while the structural element or structural component is provided, the fastener is a zipper 78, and / or a hook and loop fastener is provided at the rear end of the head block 2.

[0125] Preferably, a structural embellishment is provided: the outer film bag 1 is provided with a bag collar 14 at the front end of the front plate 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, and / or a bag boot 16 is provided at the rear end of the rear plate 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, the outer film bag 1 is connected to the front end of the front plate 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 through the bag collar 14 and / or connected to the rear end of the rear plate 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 through the bag boot 16; or, while providing a structural embellishment, a chain buckle passes through the bag collar 14 and / or the bag boot 16.

[0126] Preferably, a covering strip 29 / covering part 76 is also provided on the outside of the chain buckle and along the direction of the chain buckle. The covering strip 29 is connected to the outer film bag 1 by sewing thread, adhesive, hook and loop fastener, button or snap fastener; and / or, the chain buckle runs through the entire film bag; and / or, the umbrella-shaped expander structure is an umbrella-shaped expander head anchoring structure with side resistance and end bearing combined load, and / or an inner column umbrella-shaped expander device, and / or an umbrella-shaped expander device integrated with an easy-cut anchor bolt or a recyclable anchor bolt cable; and / or, the umbrella-shaped expander structure is a self-portable umbrella-shaped expander device for jet-jet anchor bolt cables, or a pre-expanded hole post-installation umbrella-shaped expander device, or an umbrella-shaped expander device with expansion and contraction controlled by spiral stroke, or an impact-opening umbrella. The umbrella-shaped expanding device, or the pre-retractable full-condition umbrella-shaped expanding device, or the reverse folding umbrella-shaped expanding head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable, or the pre-expanded hole and then the buttress-type umbrella-shaped expanding head, or the pre-expanded hole and then the membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expanding head, or the membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expanding head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable, or the umbrella-shaped expanding head that integrates jet grouting, hole washing, and grouting for anti-buoyancy anchors, or the active umbrella-shaped expanding head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable, or the passive unstructured umbrella-shaped expanding head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable, or the passive structured umbrella-shaped expanding head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable, or the umbrella-shaped steel cage expanding head that can be used for jet grouting and hole washing of anti-buoyancy anchor rods and cables in mudstone layers.

[0127] Preferably, the outer membrane bag 1 is also provided with an anchor bar 30 and an injection pipe 71 / injection hole, or at the same time, the outer membrane bag 1 is also provided with at least one of the following three: an exhaust pipe / exhaust hole, an umbrella planting tool, and a measuring tool 73; wherein the measuring tool 73 has a structure C or a structure D, wherein structure C is: the rear part / full length of the measuring tool 73 is marked with a scale line and extends through the rear end of the outer membrane bag 1 to the outside of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole, and the front end of the measuring tool 73 is connected to the rear end or rear plate 15 of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, or connected to the front end or front plate 13 of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, wherein structure D is: while the measuring tool 73 has structure C, the measuring tool 73 is combined with the anchor bar 30 or the protective sleeve of the anchor bar 30;

[0128] And / or, the outer membrane bag 1 is made of transparent material; and / or, the outer membrane bag 1 is made of composite material; and / or, the stirrups 34 are set on the inner and / or outer sides of the folding rod 7, or at the same time, the stirrups are horizontally fixed to the folding rod 7; and / or, a front plate 13 and a rear plate 15 are provided, and / or a limit device 51 and / or a backstop device 50 are provided on the anchor bar 30 and / or the longitudinal column, or a magnetic attraction device is used instead of a backstop device; and / or, the cross-section of the longitudinal column is non-circular, and / or a grab pin is provided on the front side of the front plate 13, or the injection pipe 71 also serves as a grab pin. ; and / or: an arrival indicator is provided inside the umbrella-shaped expansion structure and / or at the rear end of the anchor bar 30; and / or, when the zipper 78 is closed, the zipper head is fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion structure / membrane bag; and / or, a membrane bag and / or a protective tube 32 are provided on the outside of the return spring 31; and / or, the membrane bag includes the front plate 13 and / or the rear plate 15, or at the same time, the membrane bag also includes the pilot plate 38 / front anchor plate and / or the rear support plate 37 / rear anchor plate; and / or, the outer membrane bag 1 is fixed to the long rod 10 and / or the short rod 11 by the fixing device 33;

[0129] And / or, a long rod extension 64 and / or a short rod extension are provided, or at the same time, the long rod extension 64 has a structure E or a structure F, wherein structure E is: the long rod extension 64 extends out of the outer membrane bag 1 from the hole 65 of the outer membrane bag 1 or from the end of the chain buckle or the stop or the gap, wherein structure F is: while the long rod extension 64 has structure E, the long rod extension 64 also extends to the rear plate 15 and the rear plate 15 also serves as an anti-dent device.

[0130] Preferably, a structural element is also provided, the structural element including a screw and a nut, one of which is fixedly connected to the front plate 13 or the rear plate 15, and the other is rotatably connected to the rear plate 15 or the front plate 13; the screw and the nut are threadedly connected; the rear end of the screw or nut passes through the rear end of the outer membrane bag 1 and extends rearward to the outside of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole; or a longitudinal column is also provided in addition to the structural element.

[0131] Alternatively, a structural element G may be provided: the anchor bar 30 is fixedly connected to the front plate 13 and an injection pipe 71 is provided; the front end of the injection pipe 71 is detachably connected to the front plate 13, and the middle part of the injection pipe 71 passes through the rear plate 15; or the front end of the injection pipe 71 passes through the front plate 13, and the middle part of the injection pipe 71 is detachably connected to the rear plate 15; the rear end of the injection pipe 71 passes through the rear end of the outer membrane bag 1 and extends rearward to the outside of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole; or, while providing the structural element G, at least one of the following may also be provided: a longitudinal column and a limiting device 51, wherein the limiting device 51 is provided on the anchor bar 30 / longitudinal column behind the front plate 13 and in front of the rear plate 15;

[0132] Alternatively, a structural mortise may be provided, wherein the structural mortise is provided with a pilot plate 38 or a front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate 37 or a rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column; or, while providing a structural mortise, a limit device 51 and / or a backstop device 50 may also be provided on the anchor bar 30 and / or the longitudinal column, or a magnetic attraction device may be used instead of a backstop device.

[0133] Alternatively, a limit device 51, and / or a backstop device 50, and / or a pusher device 39 and / or a pull-back device, and / or a fixing device (including a one-way fixing device) may be provided on the anchor bar 30 and / or the longitudinal column, or a magnetic attraction device may be used instead of a backstop device.

[0134] Alternatively, a pilot plate 38 / front anchor plate and / or a rear support plate 37 / rear anchor plate may be provided, and / or a longitudinal column may be provided; and a reset device may be provided between the front end of the front disc 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 and the pilot plate 38 / front anchor plate, and / or between the front end of the front disc 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 and the rear end of the rear disc 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, and / or between the rear end of the rear disc 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 and the rear support plate 37 / rear anchor plate;

[0135] Alternatively, a pilot plate 38 / front anchor plate and / or a rear support plate 37 / rear anchor plate may be provided, and / or a longitudinal column may be provided; and a reset device may be provided between the front end of the front disc 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 and the pilot plate 38 / front anchor plate, and / or between the front end of the front disc 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 and the rear end of the rear disc 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, and / or between the rear end of the rear disc 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 and the rear support plate 37 / rear anchor plate; and a device for locking and unlocking expansion of the pre-contracted state of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46 may be provided before the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly 46, and / or between the front end and the rear end, and / or after the rear end;

[0136] Alternatively, a structural element may be provided, comprising: a longitudinal rigid pin 72, and several collars I 69, collars II 70, binding rings, or wrapping rings; the front end of the rigid pin 72 is movably inserted into the collars I 69, collars II 70, binding rings, or wrapping rings; each collar I 69 is connected to a corresponding folding rod 7 via a radially arranged spoke 68 and pulls it close to the rigid pin 72; each collar II 70 is a closed loop and fits the corresponding folding rod 7 inside and pulls it close to the rigid pin 72; the binding rings pull the folding rod group 46 close to the rigid pin via binding ropes, and the wrapping rings pull the folding rod group 46 close to the rigid pin via wrapping ropes; the rear end of the rigid pin 72 extends backward through the rear end of the outer membrane bag 1 out of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole or extends out of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole via a pin-pulling rope; or a longitudinal column may be provided in addition to the structural element.

[0137] Alternatively, a Structure Wu is provided, which includes: a longitudinal rigid pin 72, and several collar I 69 or collar II 70 or tie rings or winding rings; the front end of the rigid pin 72 is movably inserted through the collar I 69 or collar II 70 or tie ring or winding ring, each collar I 69 is connected to a corresponding folding rod 7 through a radially arranged spoke 68 and pulled closer to the rigid pin 72, each collar II 70 is in the shape of a closed ring and sleeves a corresponding folding rod 7 and pulls it closer to the rigid pin 72, the tie ring pulls the folding rod group 46 closer to the rigid pin through a tie rope, and the winding ring pulls the folding rod group 46 closer to the rigid pin through a winding rope; and a reset device is provided before the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46, and / or between the front end and the rear end, and / or after the rear end; the rear end of the rigid pin 72 extends out of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole through the rear end of the outer membrane bag 1 or extends out of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole through a pull-out pin rope; or while the Structure Wu is provided, a pilot plate 38 or a front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate 37 or a rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column is also provided;

[0138] Alternatively, a magnetic device is provided, or a longitudinal column is also provided at the same time; alternatively, a pull rope and / or a rigid rod are arranged longitudinally, or a longitudinal column is also provided at the same time; the front ends of the pull rope and the rigid rod are both connected to the rear disc 15, or both movably pass through the rear disc 15 and are connected to the front disc 13, and the rear ends of the pull rope and the rigid rod both extend out of the non-expanded section 44 of the anchor hole

[0139] Alternatively, a Structure Xin is provided, which is: a collision pestle is arranged longitudinally, and the front end of the collision pestle is arranged on the front side of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46 is folded forward, the rear end of the collision pestle is fixedly connected (including one-way fixed connection) to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46 is folded backward, the rear end of the collision pestle movably passes through the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46 and is fixedly connected (including one-way fixed connection) to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46; or at least one of a Structure You and a buffer device is also provided at the same time, where the Structure You is a pilot plate 38 or a front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate 37 or a rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column, or the longitudinal column and the collision pestle are combined when the longitudinal column is provided;

[0140] Alternatively, a Structure Ren is provided, which is: a piston cylinder is provided, and the piston cylinder is a unidirectional piston cylinder or a bidirectional piston cylinder; the unidirectional piston cylinder is a unidirectional extension type or a unidirectional retraction type; the piston cylinder includes two parts, a piston and a cylinder sleeve; the piston cylinder is provided before the front end of the front disc 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46, or between the front end of the front disc 13 / umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46 and the rear end of the rear disc 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46, or after the rear end of the rear disc 15 / umbrella-shaped folding rod group 46; or a longitudinal column is also provided at the same time when the Structure Ren is provided.

[0141] Preferably, the outer membrane bag 1 is threaded through the umbrella-shaped expansion structure longitudinally and / or transversely. Preferably, the membrane bag raw material 17 is cut using parallel cutting or cross-cutting cutting.

[0142] The converging cutting method involves setting radial cutting lines A18 and zigzag cutting lines 19 on the plane of the film bag raw material 17. The radial cutting lines A18 use cone tip I21 / cone tip II22 as radiation sources 81 and cone tip II22 / cone tip I21 as radiation targets 82, and connect the radiation sources 81 and radiation targets 82. The zigzag cutting lines 19 connect each of the intermediate hinges 6 to the radiation targets 82, or at the same time, the two ends of the zigzag cutting lines 19 return to the radiation sources 81.

[0143] Parallel cutting involves setting radial cutting lines 26 on the plane of the film bag raw material 17; or in addition to radial cutting lines 26, longitudinal cutting lines 23 and / or transverse cutting lines 25 are also set; wherein the radial cutting lines 26 use each central hinge 6 as a radiation source 81 and cone tip I 21 and cone tip II 22 as radiation targets 82 and connect the radiation source 81 and radiation target 82; wherein the longitudinal cutting line 23 connects cone tip I 21 and cone tip II 22, and the transverse cutting line 25 connects each central hinge 6.

[0144] Preferably, the membrane bag raw material 17 is divided into two or more (including two) head blocks 2 and / or two or more (including two) local blocks 27 by intersecting cutting; each head block 2 has a fork 28 inside, and after cutting, the fork 28 is connected and closed by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block 2, and / or the local blocks 27 are connected and closed by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block 2; finally, the head blocks 2 are connected and closed by chain buckles to form the outer membrane bag 1; the fork inside the head block 2 starts at the middle hinge 6 and ends at the cone tip I 21 or cone tip II 22, coinciding with the zigzag cutting line 19;

[0145] Alternatively, the raw material 17 of the film bag can be divided into two or more (including two) head blocks 2 by parallel cutting, or each head block 2 can be divided into two or more (including two) local blocks 27 at the same time; after cutting, the local blocks 27 can be connected and joined together by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block 2; finally, the head blocks 2 can be connected and joined together by clasps to form the outer film bag 1.

[0146] Example 2: As shown in the attached document Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the integral membrane bag 52 is also a combination of the front membrane bag and the outer membrane bag. Furthermore, this membrane bag is also suitable for situations with a perforation section support folding rod assembly (e.g., a reverse-assembled folding rod assembly). This embodiment can be an active (belonging to the adaptive category) umbrella-shaped expander or a pre-retractable umbrella-shaped expander.

[0147] Example 3: As shown in the attached document Figure 11 As shown, this membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expanded head anchor is suitable for both foundation pit and slope support, as well as for anti-buoyancy applications in underground structures. This embodiment is a positively folded umbrella-shaped expanded head device. The reinforcing column 35 in the figure is existing technology and can be an internal or external bearing column, or an integral limiting device, etc. For details, please refer to the applicant's series of prior applications regarding the umbrella-shaped expanded head technology. When the reinforcing column 35 is not installed, the front hinge 48 can be fixedly connected to the front plate 13 or directly fixedly connected to the anchor bar 30 (e.g., by welding). When the reinforcing column 35 is installed, the front hinge 48 can also be fixedly connected to the reinforcing column 35 (e.g., by welding) and fixedly connected to the front plate 13 through the reinforcing column 35. The front plate 13 can be fixedly connected to the anchor bar 30 through the load conversion device 36 (fixed on the anchor bar 30, such as the wedge anchor, the nut matching the threaded steel anchor bar, the cold extrusion connecting sleeve) and the jacking device 39 (fixed on the anchor bar 30, such as the cold extrusion connecting sleeve, the nut matching the threaded steel anchor bar, etc.). It can also be directly fixed to the anchor bar 30 (e.g., by threaded connection, welding, cold extrusion connection). In this case, the nut, weld, extrusion sleeve, etc. are actually the invisible and substantial load conversion device 36 and jacking device 39.

[0148] Example 4: As shown in the appendix Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment is an anti-folding umbrella-shaped expander device.

[0149] Example 5: As shown in the attached document Figure 9 As shown, the raw material 17 for the film bag is rhomboid or circular. Four dovetail-shaped main blocks 2 are cut from the raw material 17 using radial cutting lines A 18 and zigzag cutting lines 19. The notch portion 58 is discarded. Each main block 2 has a fork portion 28, which is sewn together. The chain clasp portion 55 is also sewn together, thus connecting the four main blocks 2 to form a backless film bag, corresponding to the attached... Figure 1 The biconvex quadrangular vertebral membrane bag.

[0150] Example 6: As attached Figure 8 As shown, the raw material for the film bag is rectangular. The raw material 17 is cut into three main blocks 2 and two regional blocks 27 using radial cutting line A 18 and zigzag cutting line 19. The notch portion 58 is discarded. Each of the three dovetail-shaped main blocks 2 has a forked portion 28, which is joined together by sewing. The two regional blocks 27 are oblique triangles, joined together by sewing connection portion 59 to form one main block 2. A total of four main blocks 2 are joined together by chain fastener I 55, thus forming a film bag without back pleats. (Corresponding to the attached...) Figure 1 The biconvex quadrangular vertebral membrane bag.

[0151] Example 7: As attached Figure 7 As shown, the raw material 17 for the film bag is rectangular. Four dovetail-shaped main blocks 2 are cut from the raw material 17 using radial cutting lines A 18 and zigzag cutting lines 19. The notch portion 58 is discarded. Each main block 2 has a fork portion 28, which is joined together by sewing. The chain clasp portion 55 is joined together by a chain clasp, thus connecting the four main blocks 2 together to form a backless film bag, corresponding to the attached... Figure 1 The biconvex quadrangular vertebral membrane bag.

[0152] Example 8: As attached Figure 14 As shown, the rigid pin 72 adopts an injection pipe 71, which is detachably and fixedly connected to the front disc 13 by a thread or a rotating buckle (i.e., the bolt in the previously applied "pre-reaming post-installation umbrella-shaped expansion device" (CN213682090U) or "spin jet anchor cable self-portable umbrella-shaped expansion device" (CN213897099U), or a locking pin). The middle part of the injection pipe 71 moves through the rear disc 15; the outer end of the spoke 68 is fixedly or movably inserted into the... The upper and inner ends of the folding rod 7 (long rod 10 or short rod 11) are connected to the collar I (e.g., by binding), the collar I is movably inserted on the injection pipe 71, and / or, the inner end of the collar II is movably sleeved on the injection pipe 71, and the outer end is fixed or movably sleeved on the folding rod 7 (long rod 10 or short rod 11); the anchor bar 30 is fixed on the front plate 13 (e.g., through the jacking member and the load conversion device); the front end of the outer membrane bag 1 is fixed on the front plate 13, and the rear end is fixed on the rear plate 15.

Claims

1. A backless pleat film bag that is convenient to put on and take off from a full series of umbrella cages, characterized in that: An umbrella-shaped expanding structure is provided in the anchor hole expanding section (43), an umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46) is provided inside the umbrella-shaped expanding structure, and an outer film bag (1) is sleeved outside the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46); and on the outer film bag (1), there is one or more chain buckles extending tangentially, and / or on the rear end face (9) of the outer film bag, there are two or more chain buckles extending radially; the outer film bag (1) or the rear end face (9) of the outer film bag is composed of two or more main blocks (2) spliced together, and the splicing method is chain buckles.

2. The backless pleat film bag that is convenient to put on and take off from a full series of umbrella cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the outer film bag (1) is directly or indirectly connected to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46), and / or the rear end of the outer film bag (1) is directly or indirectly connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46).

3. The backless pleat film bag that is convenient to put on and take off from a full series of umbrella cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: A chain buckle III (3) is provided at the connection line of the middle hinge (6); And / or, A chain buckle I (4) is provided on the angular bisector formed by two adjacent folding rods (7), or a chain buckle II (5) is arranged along the folding rod (7); Among them, the chain buckle I (4) is axisymmetric or centrosymmetric with respect to the central axis (8) of the umbrella-shaped expanding structure; the chain buckle II (5) is axisymmetric or centrosymmetric with respect to the central axis (8) of the umbrella-shaped expanding structure.

4. The backless pleat film bag that is convenient to put on and take off from a full series of umbrella cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: A structure gui or a structure zi is provided. The structure gui is: the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46) is folded forward or backward, assembled forward or backward; each umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46) includes several folding rods (7); The structure zi is: while the structure gui is provided, each folding rod (7) includes a long rod (10) and a short rod (11); the polyhedral surface (12) formed by the short rod (11) and / or the long rod (10) adjacent to the rear end face (9) of the outer film bag is similar and parallel to the rear end face (9) of the outer film bag in solid geometry; Or while the structure gui or the structure zi is provided, the chain buckle is a zipper (78), and / or a sticky buckle is provided at the rear end of the main block (2).

5. The backless pleat film bag that is convenient to put on and take off from a full series of umbrella cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: A structure chou is provided: the outer film bag (1) is provided with a bag collar (14) at the front disc (13) / the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46), and / or a bag boot (16) at the rear disc (15) / the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46), and the outer film bag (1) is connected to the front disc (13) / the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46) through the bag collar (14) and / or connected to the rear disc (15) / the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46) through the bag boot (16); Or while the structure chou is provided, the chain buckle penetrates through the bag collar (14) and / or the bag boot (16).

6. The backless pleat film bag that is convenient to put on and take off from a full series of umbrella cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the outside of the clasp and along the direction of the clasp, a covering strip (29) / covering part (76) is also provided, and the covering strip (29) is connected to the outer film bag (1) by sewing thread, adhesive, hook and loop fastener, button or snap fastener; And / or, the clasp runs through the entire film bag; And / or, the umbrella-shaped expansion structure is an umbrella-shaped expansion head anchoring structure with combined side resistance and end bearing, and / or an internal column type umbrella-shaped expansion device, and / or an integrated structure of umbrella-shaped expansion device and free-cutting anchor bolt or recyclable anchor cable; And / or, the umbrella-shaped expansion structure is a self-contained umbrella-shaped expansion device for jet grouting anchor cables, or a pre-expansion and post-installation umbrella-shaped expansion device, or an umbrella-shaped expansion device with expansion and contraction controlled by a spiral stroke, or an umbrella-shaped expansion device that opens by impact, or a pre-retractable full-condition umbrella-shaped expansion device, or a reverse-folding umbrella-shaped expansion head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable synchronously, or a pre-expansion and post-installation buttress-type umbrella-shaped expansion head, or a pre-expansion and post-installation membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expansion head, or a membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expansion head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable synchronously, or an umbrella-shaped expansion head that integrates jet grouting, hole washing, and grouting for anti-buoyancy anchors, or an active umbrella-shaped expansion head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable synchronously, or a passive, unstructured umbrella-shaped expansion head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable synchronously, or a passive, structured umbrella-shaped expansion head that follows the jet grouting anchor cable synchronously, or an umbrella-shaped steel cage expansion head that can be used for jet grouting and hole washing of anti-buoyancy anchors and cables in mudstone layers.

7. The backless pleated film bag that is easy to put on and take off in a full range of umbrella cages according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anchor bar (30) and an injection pipe (71) / injection hole are also provided on the outer membrane bag (1), or at the same time, at least one of the following three is provided on the outer membrane bag (1): an exhaust pipe / exhaust hole, an umbrella planting tool, and a measuring tool (73); wherein the measuring tool (73) has a structure C or a structure D, wherein structure C is: the rear part / full length of the measuring tool (73) is marked with a scale line and extends through the rear end of the outer membrane bag (1) to the outside of the non-expanded section (44) of the anchor hole, and the front end of the measuring tool (73) is connected to the rear end or rear plate (15) of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46), or connected to the front end or front plate (13) of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group (46), wherein structure D is: while the measuring tool (73) has structure C, the measuring tool (73) is combined with the anchor bar (30) or the protective sleeve of the anchor bar (30); And / or, the outer membrane bag (1) is made of transparent material; And / or, the outer membrane bag (1) is made of composite material; And / or, the stirrups (34) are provided on the inner and / or outer sides of the folding rod (7), or at the same time, the stirrups (34) are laterally fixed to the folding rod (7); And / or, a front plate (13) and a rear plate (15) are provided, and / or a limit device (51) and / or a backstop device (50) are provided on the anchor bar (30) and / or the longitudinal column, or a magnetic device is used instead of a backstop device; And / or, the cross section of the longitudinal column is non-circular, and / or the front side of the front plate (13) is provided with a grab stud, or the injection pipe (71) also serves as a grab stud; And / or: An arrival indicator is provided within the umbrella-shaped expansion structure and / or at the rear end of the anchor bar (30); And / or, when the zipper (78) is closed, the zipper head is fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expander structure / film bag; And / or, a membrane bag and / or a protective tube (32) are provided on the outside of the return spring (31); And / or, the membrane bag includes the front plate (13) and / or the rear plate (15), or at the same time, the membrane bag also includes the pilot plate (38) / front anchor plate and / or the rear support plate (37) / rear anchor plate; And / or, the outer membrane bag (1) is fixed to the long rod (10) and / or the short rod (11) by the fixing device (33); And / or, a long rod extension (64) and / or a short rod extension are provided, or at the same time, the long rod extension (64) has structure E or structure F, wherein structure E is: the long rod extension (64) extends out of the outer membrane bag (1) from the hole (65) of the outer membrane bag (1) or from the end of the chain buckle or the bump or the gap, wherein structure F is: while the long rod extension (64) has structure E, the long rod extension (64) also extends to the rear plate (15) and the rear plate (15) also serves as an anti-dent device.

8. The backless pleated film bag that is easy to put on and take off in a full range of umbrella cages according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: A structural element is also provided, which includes a screw and a nut. One of the screw and the nut is fixedly connected to the front plate (13) or the rear plate (15), and the other is rotatably connected to the rear plate (15) or the front plate (13). The screw and the nut are threaded together. The rear end of the screw or the nut extends backward through the rear end of the outer membrane bag (1) to the outside of the non-expanded section (44) of the anchor hole. Alternatively, a longitudinal column may be provided at the same time as the structural element. or, The structure is provided with: anchor bar (30) fixedly connected to front plate (13) and grouting pipe (71); the front end of grouting pipe (71) is detachably connected to front plate (13), and the middle part of grouting pipe (71) passes through rear plate (15); or the front end of grouting pipe (71) passes through front plate (13), and the middle part of grouting pipe (71) is detachably connected to rear plate (15); the rear end of grouting pipe (71) passes through the rear end of outer membrane bag (1) and extends to the outside of non-expanded section (44) of anchor hole; or at the same time as the structure is provided, at least one of longitudinal column and limiting device (51) is also provided, wherein the limiting device (51) is provided on anchor bar (30) / longitudinal column behind front plate (13) and in front of rear plate (15); or, The structure is provided with a structural anchor, which is provided with a pilot plate (38) or a front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate (37) or a rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column; or while the structure is provided, a limit device (51) and / or a backstop device (50) are provided on the anchor bar (30) and / or the longitudinal column, or a magnetic attraction device is used instead of a backstop device. or, Limiting devices (51), and / or anti-reverse devices (50), and / or pushing devices (39) and / or anti-pull devices, and / or fixing devices are provided on the anchor bars (30) and / or longitudinal columns, or magnetic devices are used instead of anti-reverse devices. or, It is also provided with a pilot plate (38) / front anchor plate and / or a rear support plate (37) / rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column; and a reset device is provided between the front end of the front disc (13) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46) and the pilot plate (38) / front anchor plate, and / or between the front end of the front disc (13) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46) and the rear end of the rear disc (15) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46), and / or between the rear end of the rear disc (15) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46) and the rear support plate (37) / rear anchor plate; or, It is also provided with a pilot plate (38) / front anchor plate and / or a rear support plate (37) / rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column; and a reset device is provided between the front end of the front disc (13) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46) and the pilot plate (38) / front anchor plate, and / or between the front end of the front disc (13) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46) and the rear end of the rear disc (15) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46), and / or between the rear end of the rear disc (15) / umbrella folding rod assembly (46) and the rear support plate (37) / rear anchor plate; and a device for locking and unlocking expansion of the pre-contraction state of the umbrella folding rod assembly (46) is provided before the front end of the umbrella folding rod assembly (46), and / or between the front end and the rear end, and / or after the rear end; or, The structure includes a longitudinal rigid pin (72) and several collars I (69) or collar II (70) or binding rings or wrapping rings; the front end of the rigid pin (72) is movably inserted on the collar I (69) or collar II (70) or binding rings or wrapping rings, each collar I (69) is connected to a corresponding folding rod (7) by a radially arranged spoke (68) and pulls it close to the rigid pin (72), each collar II (70) is a closed ring and fits the corresponding folding rod (7) inside and pulls it close to the rigid pin (72), the binding ring pulls the folding rod group (46) close to the rigid pin by a binding rope and the wrapping ring pulls it close to the rigid pin by a wrapping rope; the rear end of the rigid pin (72) extends backward through the rear end of the outer membrane bag (1) out of the non-expanded section (44) of the anchor hole or extends out of the non-expanded section (44) of the anchor hole by a pin pulling rope; or a longitudinal column is also provided at the same time as the structure. or, The structure includes a longitudinal rigid pin (72) and several collars I (69) or collar II (70) or binding rings or wrapping rings; the front end of the rigid pin (72) is movably inserted on the collar I (69) or collar II (70) or binding rings or wrapping rings, each collar I (69) is connected to a corresponding folding rod (7) by a radially arranged spoke (68) and pulls it close to the rigid pin (72), each collar II (70) is a closed ring and fits the corresponding folding rod (7) inside and pulls it close to the rigid pin (72). The binding ring pulls the folding rod assembly (46) close to the rigid pin through the binding rope and the winding ring pulls the folding rod assembly (46) close through the winding rope; and a reset device is provided before the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly (46), and / or between the front end and the rear end, and / or after the rear end; the rear end of the rigid pin (72) extends backward through the rear end of the outer membrane bag (1) out of the non-expanded section (44) of the anchor hole or extends out of the non-expanded section (44) of the anchor hole through the pulling pin rope; or while the structural rod is provided, a pilot plate (38) or a front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate (37) or a rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column are also provided; Alternatively, a magnetic device may be provided, or a longitudinal column may also be provided at the same time; or, A pull rope and / or a rigid rod are provided along the longitudinal direction, or a longitudinal column is provided at the same time; the front end of the pull rope and the front end of the rigid rod are connected to the rear plate (15), or they can move through the rear plate (15) and be connected to the front plate (13); the rear end of the pull rope and the rear end of the rigid rod extend backward out of the non-expanded section (44) of the anchor hole. or, A structural element is provided, wherein the structural element is: a striking pestle is provided longitudinally, the front end of which is located on the front side of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly (46); when the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly (46) is folded forward, the rear end of the striking pestle is fixedly connected to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly (46); when the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly (46) is folded backward, the rear end of the striking pestle moves through the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly (46) and is fixedly connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly (46); or while the structural element is provided, a structural element or a buffer device is also provided, wherein the structural element is a pilot plate (38) or a front anchor plate, and / or a rear support plate (37) or a rear anchor plate, and / or a longitudinal column, or while the longitudinal column is provided, the longitudinal column and the striking pestle are combined and provided; or, The structure is provided with a piston cylinder, which is a one-way piston cylinder or a two-way piston cylinder; the one-way piston cylinder is a one-way extension type or a one-way retraction type; the piston cylinder includes a piston and a cylinder liner; the piston cylinder is located before the front end of the front disc (13) / umbrella folding rod group (46), or between the front end of the front disc (13) / umbrella folding rod group (46) and the rear end of the rear disc (15) / umbrella folding rod group (46), or after the rear end of the rear disc (15) / umbrella folding rod group (46); or a longitudinal column is provided at the same time as the structure.

9. The method for manufacturing and using the backless pleated film bag that is easy to put on and take off in a full range of umbrella cages according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The outer membrane bag (1) is longitudinally inserted into the umbrella-shaped expansion structure and / or transversely inserted into the umbrella-shaped expansion structure; And / or, the cutting method for the film bag raw material (17) is parallel cutting or cross cutting; Intersecting cutting involves setting radial cutting lines A (18) and zigzag cutting lines (19) on the plane of the film bag raw material (17). The radial cutting lines A (18) use cone tip I (21) / cone tip II (22) as radiation sources (81) and cone tip II (22) / cone tip I (21) as radiation targets (82) and connect the radiation sources (81) and radiation targets (82). The zigzag cutting lines (19) connect each intermediate hinge (6) and radiation targets (82), or at the same time, the two ends of the zigzag cutting lines (19) return to the radiation sources (81). Parallel cutting involves setting radial cutting lines (26) on the plane of the film bag raw material (17); or in addition to radial cutting lines (26), longitudinal cutting lines (23) and / or transverse cutting lines (25) are also set; wherein the radial cutting lines (26) use each of the middle hinges (6) as radiation sources (81) and cone tip I (21) and cone tip II (22) as radiation targets (82) and connect the radiation sources (81) and radiation targets (82); wherein the longitudinal cutting lines (23) connect cone tip I (21) and cone tip II (22), and the transverse cutting lines (25) connect each of the middle hinges (6).

10. The method for manufacturing and using the backless pleated film bag that is easy to put on and take off in a full range of umbrella cages according to claim 9, characterized in that: The membrane bag raw material (17) is divided into two or more head blocks (2) and / or two or more local blocks (27) by intersecting cutting. Each head block (2) has a fork (28) inside. After cutting, the fork (28) is connected and closed by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block (2), and / or the local blocks (27) are connected and closed by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block (2). Finally, the head blocks (2) are connected and closed by chain buckles to form the outer membrane bag (1). The fork inside the head block (2) starts at the middle hinge (6) and ends at the cone tip I (21) or cone tip II (22), which coincides with the zigzag cutting line (19). Alternatively, the raw material (17) of the film bag can be divided into two or more head blocks (2) by parallel cutting, or each head block (2) can be divided into two or more local blocks (27) at the same time; after cutting, the local blocks (27) can be connected and joined together by sewing / adhesion / heat pressing to form the head block (2); finally, the head blocks (2) can be connected and joined together by chain buckles to form the outer film bag (1).

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