Electronic device with tunable lens having two adjustable surfaces

Abstract

A lens module can include a first lens element, a lens shaping structure coupled to the first lens element, and a plurality of actuators configured to adjust a position of the lens shaping structure to adjust the first lens element. The lens module can also include a second lens element and a fluid-filled chamber between the first lens element and the second lens element. To allow for dynamic adjustment of the second lens element without requiring additional actuators, the second lens element can be a semi-rigid lens element. As these actuators adjust the curvature of the first lens element, a change in the gage pressure applied to the second lens element occurs. This causes a change in the curvature of the second lens element. Thus, even though none of these actuators are attached to the second lens element, these actuators can adjust the curvature of both the first lens element and the second lens element.

Description

[0001] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 174,840, filed April 14, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0002] This article relates generally to electronic devices, and more specifically to wearable electronic device systems.

[0003] Electronic devices are sometimes configured to be worn by users. For example, head-mounted devices have a head-mounted structure that allows the device to be worn on a user's head. Head-mounted devices may include an optical system with lenses. The lenses allow a display in the device to present visual content to the user.

[0004] Head-mounted devices typically include lenses with fixed shapes and properties. If not carefully adjusted, these types of lenses can be difficult to optimally present content to each user of the head-mounted device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Head-mounted devices can have a display that shows content to the user. The head-mounted support structure in the device supports the display on the user's head.

[0006] The lens module in the head-mounted device may include a first transparent lens element, a lens-forming structure coupled to the first transparent lens element, and a plurality of actuators configured to adjust the position of the lens-forming structure to adjust the first transparent lens element. The lens module may also include a second transparent lens element and a fluid-filled chamber located between the first lens element and the transparent lens element.

[0007] To allow dynamic adjustment of the second transparent lens element without requiring additional actuators in the lens module, the second transparent lens element can be a semi-rigid transparent lens element. When these actuators adjust the curvature of the first transparent lens element, the gauge pressure applied to the second transparent lens element changes. This causes a change in the curvature of the second transparent lens element. Therefore, even if no actuators are attached to the second transparent lens element, these actuators can simultaneously adjust the curvature of both the first and second transparent lens elements.

[0008] The second transparent lens element may optionally be coupled to a bias structure or a flexible seal to ensure that the curvature of the second transparent lens element gradually changes as the curvature of the first transparent lens element is updated. In some arrangements, the second transparent lens element may be a bistable lens element that is convex in a first stable state and concave in a second stable state.

[0009] In addition to the first fluid-filled chamber, the lens module may also include a second fluid-filled chamber. A channel located between the first and second fluid-filled chambers allows fluid to travel between them. A valve in the channel can be opened or closed to allow fluid exchange. An actuator manipulating the first transparent lens element can be used to control the amount of fluid in each of the first and second fluid-filled chambers. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary electronic device, such as a head-mounted display device, according to the implementation scheme.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a top view of an illustrative head-mounted device based on the implementation plan.

[0012] Figure 3A and Figure 3B This is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module including an elastomeric lens element and a rigid lens element according to the implementation scheme.

[0013] Figure 4 It is a top view of an exemplary lens-forming element according to the embodiment, including an extension for coupling to a corresponding actuator.

[0014] Figure 5A and Figure 5B This is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module including an elastomeric lens element and a semi-rigid lens element according to the implementation scheme.

[0015] Figure 6A and Figure 6B This is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module according to the implementation scheme, including an elastomeric lens element and a semi-rigid lens element coupled to a biasing structure.

[0016] Figure 7A and Figure 7B This is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module, according to the implementation scheme, including an elastomeric lens element and a semi-rigid lens element coupled to a flexible seal.

[0017] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module according to an embodiment, including a first fluid filling chamber, a second fluid filling chamber, and a valve for controlling the flow between the first fluid filling chamber and the second fluid filling chamber.

[0018] Figure 9A and Figure 9B This is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module including an elastomeric lens element and a bistable semi-rigid lens element according to the implementation scheme.

[0019] Figure 10It is an exemplary graph showing the radius of curvature of the lens element as a function of the gauge pressure on the lens element according to the implementation scheme. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Electronic devices may include displays and other components for presenting content to a user. Electronic devices may be wearable electronic devices. Wearable electronic devices, such as head-mounted devices, may have a head-mounted support structure that allows the head-mounted device to be worn on a user's head.

[0021] A head-mounted device may include a display formed by one or more display panels (showpieces) for displaying visual content to a user. A lens system may be used to allow the user to focus on the display and view the visual content. The lens system may have a left lens module aligned with the user's left eye and a right lens module aligned with the user's right eye.

[0022] The lens module in a head-mounted device may include adjustable lenses. For example, a fluid-filled adjustable lens can be used to adjust the display content for a specific observer.

[0023] Figure 1 The diagram shows an exemplary system with electronic devices, including a lens module. Figure 1 As shown, system 8 may include one or more electronic devices such as electronic device 10. The electronic devices of system 8 may include computers, cellular phones, head-mounted devices, wristwatches, and other electronic devices. Electronic device 10 is sometimes described herein as an example of a head-mounted device configuration.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, an electronic device, such as electronic device 10, may have a control circuit 12. The control circuit 12 may include storage and processing circuitry for controlling the operation of device 10. Circuit 12 may include storage devices such as hard disk drive storage devices, non-volatile memory (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory configured to form a solid-state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random access memory), etc. The processing circuitry in the control circuit 12 may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio chips, graphics processing units, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and other integrated circuits. Software code may be stored on the storage devices in the circuit system 12 and run on the processing circuitry in the circuit system 12 to implement control operations of device 10 (e.g., data acquisition operations, operations involved in processing three-dimensional facial image data, operations involving the use of control signal adjustment components, etc.). The control circuit 12 may include wired and wireless communication circuitry. For example, the control circuit 12 may include radio frequency transceiver circuitry, such as cellular telephone transceiver circuitry, wireless local area network (WLAN) circuitry. Transceiver circuits, millimeter-wave transceiver circuits, and / or other wireless communication circuits.

[0025] During operation, the communication circuitry of the devices in System 8 (e.g., the communication circuitry of the control circuitry 12 of Device 10) can be used to support communication between electronic devices. For example, one electronic device can transmit video and / or audio data to another electronic device in System 8. The electronic devices in System 8 can use wired and / or wireless communication circuitry to communicate over one or more communication networks (e.g., the Internet, a local area network, etc.). The communication circuitry can be used to allow Device 10 to receive data from and / or provide data to external equipment (e.g., tethered computers, portable devices such as handheld devices or laptops, online computing equipment such as remote servers or other remote computing equipment, or other electrical equipment).

[0026] Device 10 may include an input-output device 22. Input-output device 22 can be used to allow a user to provide user input to device 10. Input-output circuitry 22 can also be used to acquire information about the environment in which device 10 operates. Output components in circuitry 22 can allow device 10 to provide output to a user and can be used to communicate with external electrical equipment.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, input-output device 22 may include one or more displays such as display 14. In some configurations, display 14 of device 10 includes a left display panel and a right display panel aligned with the user's left and right eyes, respectively (sometimes referred to as the left and right portions of display 14 and / or the left and right displays). In other configurations, display 14 includes a single display panel that extends across both eyes.

[0028] Display 14 can be used to display images. The visual content displayed on display 14 can be viewed by the user of device 10. Displays in device 10, such as display 14, can be organic light-emitting diode displays or other displays based on light-emitting diode arrays, liquid crystal displays, silicon-based liquid crystal displays, projectors or displays that project light beams directly or indirectly onto a surface via specialized optical devices (e.g., digital micromirror devices), electrophoretic displays, plasma displays, electrowetting displays, or any other suitable displays.

[0029] Display 14 can present display content for computer-generated reality, such as virtual reality content or mixed reality content. The configuration of display 14 for displaying virtual reality content to a user via lenses is sometimes described herein as an example.

[0030] Input-output device 22 may include sensor 16. Sensor 16 may include, for example, a 3D sensor (e.g., a 3D image sensor such as a structured light sensor that emits a light beam and uses a 2D digital image sensor to acquire image data for a 3D image from the light spot generated when the light beam illuminates a target; a binocular 3D image sensor that uses two or more cameras in a binocular imaging arrangement to acquire 3D images; a 3D lidar (light detection and ranging) sensor; a 3D radio frequency sensor; or other sensors that acquire 3D image data), a camera (e.g., an infrared and / or visible digital image sensor), and a gaze tracking sensor (e.g., a gaze tracking system based on an image sensor and (if needed) on a light source emitting one or more light beams, wherein the user's eye reflects the light beam after...). The sensor 16 may include an image sensor (using an image sensor to track the one or more light beams), a touch sensor, a button, a force sensor, sensors such as switch-based contact sensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, magnetic sensors, audio sensors (microphones), ambient light sensors, microphones for acquiring voice commands and other audio input, sensors configured to acquire information about motion, position, and / or orientation (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses, and / or inertial measurement units including all of these sensors or a subset of these sensors), fingerprint sensors and other biometric sensors, optical position sensors (optical encoders), and / or other position sensors such as linear position sensors and / or other sensors. Sensor 16 may include a proximity sensor (e.g., a capacitive proximity sensor, a light-based (optical) proximity sensor, an ultrasonic proximity sensor, and / or other proximity sensors). The proximity sensor may be used, for example, to sense the relative position between the user's nose and the lens module in device 10.

[0031] User input and other information can be acquired using sensors and other input devices in input-output device 22. If desired, input-output device 22 may include other devices 24 such as haptic output devices (e.g., vibrating components), light-emitting diodes and other light sources, speakers for generating audio output such as earphones, and other electronic components. Device 10 may include circuitry for receiving wireless power, circuitry for wirelessly transmitting power to other devices, batteries and other energy storage devices (e.g., capacitors), joysticks, buttons, and / or other components.

[0032] Electronic device 10 may have a housing structure (e.g., housing wall, strip, etc.), such as Figure 1An exemplary support structure 26 is shown. In configurations where the electronic device 10 is a head-mounted device (e.g., a pair of glasses, goggles, a helmet, a hat, etc.), the support structure 26 may include a head-mounted support structure (e.g., a helmet shell, a headband, temples in a pair of glasses, a goggle shell structure, and / or other head-mounted structures). The head-mounted support structure may be configured to be worn on the user's head during operation of the device 10 and may support the display 14, sensor 16, other components 24, other input-output devices 22, and control circuitry 12.

[0033] Figure 2 The image shows a top view of electronic device 10 in an exemplary configuration of a head-mounted device. (See image for reference.) Figure 2 As shown, the electronic device 10 may include a support structure (see example...) Figure 1 The support structure 26 is used in the components that house the device 10 and in placing the device 10 on the user's head. These support structures may include, for example, structures forming the outer shell wall and other structures for the main unit 26-2 (e.g., outer shell wall, lens module structure, etc.) and straps, or other supplementary support structures, such as structure 26-1 that helps hold the main unit 26-2 on the user's face.

[0034] The display 14 may include a left display panel and a right display panel (e.g., a left pixel array and a right pixel array, sometimes referred to as a left display and a right display or a left display portion and a right display portion), which are respectively installed in the left display module and the right display module 70 corresponding to the user's left eye and right eye, respectively. Figure 2 The image shows the display module corresponding to the user's left eye.

[0035] Each display module 70 includes a display portion 14 and a corresponding lens module 72 (sometimes referred to as a lens stack 72, lens 72, or adjustable lens 72). The lens 72 may include one or more lens elements arranged along a common axis. Each lens element may have any desired shape and may be formed from any desired material (e.g., having any desired refractive index). Each lens element may have a unique shape and refractive index, which, when combined, focus light from the display 14 in a desired manner. Each lens element of the lens module 72 may be formed from any desired material (e.g., glass, polymeric materials such as polycarbonate or acrylic resin, crystals such as sapphire, etc.).

[0036] Positioning circuitry such as positioner 58 may optionally be used relative to the user's eye and to individual positioning modules 70 within the housing wall structure of the main unit 26-2. Positioner 58 may include stepper motors, piezoelectric actuators, motors, linear electromagnetic actuators, and / or other electronic components for adjusting the position of display 14 and lens module 72. During operation of device 10, positioner 58 may be controlled by control circuitry 12. For example, positioner 58 may be used to adjust the spacing between modules 70 (and thus the lens-to-lens spacing between the left and right lenses of module 70) to match the user's pupillary distance IPD.

[0037] In some cases, the distance between the lens module 72 and the display 14 is variable. For example, the distance between the lens module and the display can be adjusted to take into account the vision of a particular user. In another example, the lens module may include an adjustable lens element. As an example, the curvature of the adjustable lens element can be adjusted in real time to compensate for the user's vision.

[0038] In some cases, the adjustable lens module may include a fluid-filled chamber. Figure 3A and Figure 3B This is a cross-sectional side view of an adjustable lens module 72 with a fluid-filled chamber. As shown, a fluid-filled chamber 82 (sometimes referred to as chamber 82 or fluid chamber 82) including fluid 92 is inserted between lens elements 84 and 86.

[0039] Fluid 92 may be a liquid, gel, or gas having a predetermined refractive index (therefore it may sometimes be referred to as liquid 92, gel 92, or gas 92). The fluid may sometimes be referred to as refractive index matching oil, optical oil, optical fluid, refractive index matching material, refractive index matching liquid, etc. Lens elements 84 and 86 may have the same refractive index or may have different refractive indices. The fluid 92 filling the chamber 82 between lens elements 84 and 86 may have the same refractive index as lens element 84 but a different refractive index than lens element 86, the same refractive index as lens element 86 but a different refractive index than lens element 84, the same refractive index as both lens elements 84 and 86, or a different refractive index than both lens elements 84 and 86. Lens elements 84 and 86 may be circular, elliptical, or have any other desired shape.

[0040] The amount of fluid 92 in chamber 82 can have a constant volume or an adjustable volume. If the amount of fluid is adjustable, the lens module may also include a fluid reservoir and fluid control components (e.g., a pump, stepper motor, piezoelectric actuator, motor, linear electromagnetic actuator, and / or other electronic components that apply force to the fluid in the fluid reservoir) for selectively transferring fluid between the fluid reservoir and the chamber.

[0041] Lens elements 84 and 86 can be transparent lens elements formed from any desired material, such as glass, polymeric materials like polycarbonate or acrylic resin, crystals like sapphire, etc. Each of lens elements 84 and 86 can be elastomeric, semi-rigid, or rigid. Elastomeric lens elements can be formed from natural or synthetic polymers having a low Young's modulus to obtain high flexibility. For example, elastomeric lens element 84 (sometimes referred to as an elastomeric film) can be formed from materials with a Young's modulus less than 1 GPa, less than 0.5 GPa, less than 0.1 GPa, etc.

[0042] Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed from semi-rigid materials that are hard and strong, but not inflexible. Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed, for example, from thin layers of polymers or glass. Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed from materials with a Young's modulus greater than 1 GPa, greater than 2 GPa, greater than 3 GPa, greater than 10 GPa, greater than 25 GPa, etc. Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed from polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic resin, glass, or any other desired material. When the lens element is bent along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, the properties of a semi-rigid lens element cause the lens element to become rigid along the first axis. This is in contrast to an elastomeric lens element, which remains flexible along the first axis even when bent along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The properties of semi-rigid lens elements allow them to be formed into cylindrical lenses with adjustable power and adjustable axes. Semi-rigid lens elements can be more rigid than elastomeric lens elements but not as rigid as rigid lens elements.

[0043] Rigid lens elements can be formed from glass, polymeric materials such as polycarbonate or acrylic resin, crystals such as sapphire, etc. Typically, a rigid lens element may not deform when pressure is applied to it within a lens module. In other words, the shape and position of a rigid lens element can be fixed. Each surface of a rigid lens element can be planar, concave (e.g., spherical or cylindrical concave), or convex (e.g., spherical or cylindrical convex). Rigid lens elements can be formed from materials with a Young's modulus greater than 25 GPa, greater than 30 GPa, greater than 40 GPa, greater than 50 GPa, etc.

[0044] exist Figure 3A and Figure 3B (And in the accompanying figures) an observer can be configured to observe the lens module in the positive Z direction. In other words, when the observer operates device 10, lens element 86 is inserted between the observer and lens element 84. In other words, when the observer operates device 10, lens element 84 is inserted between lens element 86 and display 14.

[0045] In addition to lens elements 84 and 86 and fluid-filled chamber 82, lens module 72 also includes a lens forming element 88. Lens forming element 88 may be coupled to one or more actuators 90. As an example, multiple actuators may be positioned around the periphery of the lens forming element, or a single actuator may control the deflection of the lens forming element at multiple points around the periphery of the lens forming element. Lens forming element 88 may also be coupled to lens element 84. Actuators 90 may be moved to position lens forming element 88 (sometimes referred to as lens forming device 88, deformable lens forming device 88, lens forming structure 88, lens forming member 88, annular member 88, annular structure 88, etc.). Lens forming element 88 then manipulates the positioning / shape of lens element 84. In this way, the curvature of lens element 84 can be adjusted (and correspondingly, the lens power of lens module 72). Figure 3B An example of an actuator 90 and a lens shaper 88 for changing the curvature of a lens element 84 is shown. As shown, the lens shaper 88 is moved in direction 94 by the actuator 90. This causes the lens element 84 to... Figure 3B The curvature (with concave curvature) and Figure 3A The curvature is different in (with convex curvature).

[0046] Figure 4 This is a top view of an exemplary lens forming element 88. As shown, the lens forming element 88 can have an annular or ring shape, wherein the lens forming element surrounds a central opening. The lens forming element can have any desired shape. For example, the lens forming element can be circular, elliptical, or have an irregular shape. Figure 4 In the example, the lens forming element has an irregular shape (e.g., a non-uniform radius around a ring shape). For example, a first distance 96 (e.g., a minimum distance) from the center of the central opening to the edge of the lens forming element can be less than a second distance 98 (e.g., a maximum distance) from the center of the central opening to the edge of the lens forming element. Distances 96 and 98 can be less than 100 mm, less than 60 mm, less than 40 mm, less than 30 mm, greater than 10 mm, greater than 20 mm, between 10 mm and 50 mm, etc.

[0047] The lens forming element 88 has a plurality of tabs 88E extending from the main portion of the lens forming element. Each tab 88E (sometimes referred to as extension 88E, actuator point 88E, etc.) can be coupled to a corresponding actuator (or a corresponding deflection control portion of a single actuator). In one example, each actuator tab may protrude into a slot (e.g., a tongue-and-groove arrangement) in the actuator. The slot can be selectively moved up and down (e.g., in the Z direction) to control the position of the tab 88E in the Z direction. In other words, the actuator 90 is a linear actuator. These examples are merely illustrative. Generally, any desired type of actuator can be used (e.g., a tongue-and-groove actuator, an actuator with a hinged paddle, etc.).

[0048] exist Figure 4 The diagram illustrates how a plurality of tabs 88E (and corresponding actuators) can be distributed around the periphery of a lens forming element 88. The tabs 88E can be distributed around the lens forming element 88 in a uniform manner (e.g., with equal spacing between each pair of adjacent tabs 88E) or in a non-uniform manner (e.g., with unequal spacing between at least two of the adjacent tabs 88E).

[0049] There is a lens forming section 88S between each pair of adjacent tabs 88E. Figure 4 In the example, there are eight tabs 88E surrounding the periphery of the lens forming element 88. This example is merely illustrative. Typically, more tabs (and corresponding actuators) allow for better control over the shape of the lens element (e.g., lens element 84) coupled to the lens forming element 88. Depending on the specific target shape of the lens element, the target cost / complexity of the lens module, etc., any desired number of tabs and actuators can be used (e.g., one, two, three, four, more than four, more than six, more than eight, more than ten, more than twelve, more than twenty, less than twenty, less than ten, between four and twelve, etc.).

[0050] Generally, each actuator can be used as a point force applying force in only one direction (e.g., parallel to the Z-axis). To prevent unintentional application of torque or other forces to the lens forming element 88, the actuator slot may be larger than the extension 88E. This provides space for the tab 88E to rotate within the slot (preventing torque from being applied to the lens forming element). Additionally, the extension 88E can slide into and out of the slot to prevent unintentional stretching of the lens forming element.

[0051] The lens forming element 88 can be an elastomer (e.g., a natural or synthetic polymer having a low Young's modulus to achieve high flexibility, as discussed in more detail above) or a semi-rigid element (e.g., formed of a semi-rigid material that is hard and strong but not non-flexible, as discussed in more detail above). The semi-rigid lens forming element can be formed, for example, from a thin layer of polymer, glass, metal, etc. Because the lens forming element 88 is formed in a ring surrounding the lens module, the lens forming element 88 does not need to be transparent (and therefore can be formed from an opaque material such as metal).

[0052] Return to Figure 3A and Figure 3B Lens element 86 and / or actuator 90 may be attached to support structure 102 (sometimes referred to as lens module support structure 102, lens housing 102, etc.). Support structure 102 may be formed in a ring surrounding the lens module and may be formed of opaque or transparent material. Support structure 102 may be rigid and thus provide mechanical strength to lens module 72. Chamber 82 may be defined by lens elements 84 and 86, support structure 102, and / or flexible bellows 104. Flexible bellows 104 may expand and contract to accommodate the chamber operated by lens former 88 and actuator 90.

[0053] exist Figure 3A and Figure 3B In the example, lens element 84 is an elastomeric lens element, and lens element 86 is a rigid lens element (e.g., having greater stiffness than lens element 84). Figure 3A In this arrangement, lens element 84 is manipulated by lens forming element 88 to have a convex shape. Using this type of arrangement, a positive gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the negative Z direction) can be applied to the rigid lens element 86. Figure 3B In this arrangement, lens element 84 is manipulated by lens forming element 88 to have a concave shape. Using this type of arrangement, a negative gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the positive Z direction) can be applied to the rigid lens element 86. However, in Figure 3A and Figure 3B Of the two, because lens element 86 is a rigid lens element, its shape remains unchanged regardless of whether a positive or negative gauge pressure is applied. For example... Figure 3A and Figure 3B As shown, the rigid lens element 86 maintains the same curvature regardless of how the actuator 90 positions the lens shaper 88.

[0054] In some cases, it may be desirable for lens element 86 to also have an adjustable shape. An additional actuator may be included in the lens module to directly manipulate the shape of lens element 86 (similar to lens element 84). However, to minimize the cost, complexity, and weight of the device, it may be desirable to avoid including a dedicated actuator for lens element 86. To provide an adjustable lens element 86 without an additional actuator, lens element 86 may be a semi-rigid lens element. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The layout of this type is shown in the figure.

[0055] Figure 5A and Figure 5B This is a cross-sectional side view of a lens module having an elastomeric lens element 84 and a semi-rigid lens element 86. The overall structure of the lens module is similar to a combination of... Figure 3A and Figure 3B The structure is described, and for clarity, descriptions of these repeated parts will not be repeated. The elastomeric lens element 84 and the semi-rigid lens element 86 may be formed of the same material or different materials.

[0056] Figure 5A A lens module is shown positioned where lens element 84 is manipulated by lens forming element 88 to have a convex shape. Using this type of arrangement, a positive gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the negative Z direction) can be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This causes the semi-rigid lens element 86 to exhibit a relatively flat shape with minimal curvature (e.g., ...). Figure 5A (As shown). Figure 5A The radius of curvature of lens element 86 (when lens element 84 has a convex curvature) can be relatively large. Alternatively, when lens element 84 has a convex curvature, Figure 5A The lens element 86 in the image can be planar.

[0057] In comparison, Figure 5B A lens module is shown positioned where lens element 84 is manipulated by lens forming element 88 to have a concave shape. Using this type of arrangement, a negative gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the positive Z direction) can be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This allows the semi-rigid lens element 86 to have a... Figure 5A The concave curvature has a smaller radius of curvature than the concave curvature. When comparing... Figure 5B The layout and Figure 5A When the lens element 86 is arranged, the radius of curvature can be changed by a sign and / or by more than 10%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 100%, more than 200%, etc.

[0058] Typically, when lens element 84 has a large convex curvature, it may be desirable for semi-rigid lens element 86 to have a small concave curvature, and vice versa. As an example, this type of arrangement can help mimic the lens structure of prescription eyeglasses. Figure 5A and Figure 5B The lens module achieves this relationship without requiring an additional actuator to directly control the shape of the lens element 86 (the concave curvature of the lens element 86 decreases as the convex curvature increases). In other words, no actuator is attached to the lens element 86 in the lens module. However, the pressure applied to the lens element 86 by manipulating the lens element 84 (actuator 90) causes the lens element 86 to exhibit the desired curvature. As the actuator 90 changes the curvature of the lens element 84, the curvature of the lens element 86 can be gradually changed (because the gauge pressure on the lens element 86 also changes gradually, and the shape of the lens element 86 responds to the gauge pressure).

[0059] exist Figure 5A and Figure 5B In this embodiment, the elastomeric lens element 84 may have a Young's modulus less than 1 GPa, less than 0.5 GPa, less than 0.1 GPa, etc. Meanwhile, the semi-rigid lens element 86 may be formed of a semi-rigid material that is hard and strong, but not inflexible. The semi-rigid lens element 86 may be formed, for example, of a thin layer of polymer or glass. The semi-rigid lens element 86 may be formed of a material with a Young's modulus greater than 1 GPa, greater than 2 GPa, greater than 3 GPa, greater than 10 GPa, greater than 25 GPa, etc. Therefore, the Young's modulus of lens element 86 may be greater than that of lens element 84.

[0060] In the aforementioned example (where the semi-rigid lens element 86 has a larger Young's modulus than the elastomeric lens element 84), the elastomeric lens element 84 and the semi-rigid lens element 86 may be formed of different materials. This example is merely illustrative. In another possible example, the elastomeric lens element 84 and the semi-rigid lens element 86 may be formed of the same material (but with different thicknesses). For example, the semi-rigid lens element 86 may have a greater thickness than the lens element 84. The thickness of the semi-rigid lens element may be more than 1.5 times the thickness of the lens element 84, more than 2 times the thickness of the lens element 84, more than 3 times the thickness of the lens element 84, more than 5 times the thickness of the lens element 84, more than 10 times the thickness of the lens element 84, more than 50 times the thickness of the lens element 84, between 1.5 and 10 times the thickness of the lens element 84, less than 20 times the thickness of the lens element 84, etc. Generally, the lens element 86 may have a greater thickness and / or Young's modulus than the lens element 84.

[0061] Figure 6A and Figure 6BThis is a cross-sectional side view of a lens module having an elastomeric lens element 84 and a dynamically adjustable semi-rigid lens element 86. The overall structure of the lens module is similar to a combination of... Figure 5A and Figure 5B The structure described will be explained, and for clarity, descriptions of these repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0062] To ensure that the lens element 86 gradually changes shape (curvature) according to the changing gauge pressure, the lens module may also include a biasing structure 106. The biasing structure 106 may extend in a ring surrounding the lens module and may apply a biasing force to the lens element 86 (which has a disk shape). The biasing structure 106 may bias the edge of the lens element 86 toward the center of the lens element 86. For example, in Figure 6B On the left side, the biasing structure 106 biases the semi-rigid lens element 86 in the positive X direction (towards the center of the lens element 86). Figure 6B On the right side, the biasing structure 106 biases the semi-rigid lens element 86 in the negative X direction (towards the center of the lens element 86). The biasing structure 106 may be formed by a spring, a flexible bellows structure, or any other desired structure that applies a biasing force to the edge of the lens element 86. The biasing structure 106 may be formed as a continuous ring around the lens element 86, or may include a plurality of discrete biasing structures distributed around the periphery of the lens element, each of the plurality of discrete biasing structures applying a point force to the lens element 86 at a given location.

[0063] Figure 6A A lens module is shown positioned where lens element 84 is manipulated by lens forming element 88 (and actuator 90) to have a convex shape. Using this type of arrangement, a positive gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the negative Z direction) can be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This causes the edges of the semi-rigid lens element 86 to push outward against the bias structure 106. The semi-rigid lens element 86 exhibits a relatively flat shape with minimal curvature (e.g., ...). Figure 6A (As shown). Figure 6A The radius of curvature of lens element 86 (when lens element 84 has a convex curvature) can be relatively large. Alternatively, when lens element 84 has a convex curvature, Figure 6A The lens element 86 in the image can be planar.

[0064] In comparison, Figure 6B A lens module is shown positioned where lens element 84 is manipulated by lens forming element 88 to have a concave shape. Using this type of arrangement, a negative gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the positive Z direction) can be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This allows the semi-rigid lens element 86 to have a... Figure 6AThe bias structure 106 helps to push the edge of the lens element towards the center of the lens element, thereby providing the desired concave curvature for the lens element 86. Therefore, the bias structure 106 (sometimes referred to as spring 106, flexible bellows structure 106, flexible seal structure 106, etc.) helps the lens element 86 gradually change its shape (curvature) according to varying gauge pressure. With the assistance of the bias structure, as the actuator 90 gradually changes the shape of the lens element 84 from convex (e.g., convex) to concave curvature, the lens element 84 is shaped accordingly. Figure 6A (as shown) becomes concave (as shown) Figure 6B As shown), the lens element 86 gradually transitions from a planar or high-radius-curvature shape (such as...). Figure 6A (As shown) is changed to a concave shape with a lower radius of curvature (such as...) Figure 6B (As shown).

[0065] When comparing Figure 6B The layout and Figure 6A When the lens element 86 is arranged, the radius of curvature can be changed by a sign and / or by more than 10%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 100%, more than 200%, etc.

[0066] The bias structure 106 may be attached to the edge of the lens element 86 using an adhesive, or secured to the edge of the lens element 86 using another desired attachment mechanism (e.g., mechanical interlocking). As another possible example, the bias structure 106 may be integrally formed with the lens element 86 (e.g., may be formed from the same material as the lens element 86 and / or molded with the lens element 86 in a single step).

[0067] Figure 7A and Figure 7B This is a cross-sectional side view of a lens module having an elastomeric lens element 84 and a dynamically adjustable semi-rigid lens element 86 with a flexible seal. The overall structure of the lens module is similar to a combination of... Figure 5A and Figure 5B The structure described will be explained, and for clarity, descriptions of these repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0068] To help ensure that the lens element 86 gradually changes shape (curvature) according to varying gauge pressure, the lens module may also include a flexible seal 108. The flexible seal 108 may extend in a ring surrounding the lens module and may be inserted between the lens element 86 and the support structure 102. The flexible seal 108 may form an airtight seal between the lens element 86 and the support structure 102 to ensure that fluid 92 does not leak into or out of the chamber 82 at the seal.

[0069] A flexible seal (similar to biasing structure 106) can apply a biasing force to lens element 86 (which has a disk shape). Flexible seal 108 can bias the edge of lens element 86 toward the center of lens element. For example, in Figure 7B On the left side, the flexible seal 108 biases the semi-rigid lens element 86 in the positive X direction (towards the center of the lens element 86). Figure 7B On the right side, the flexible seal 108 biases the semi-rigid lens element 86 in the negative X direction (towards the center of the lens element 86).

[0070] The flexible seal 108 may be formed of the same material as the lens element 86. In this type of arrangement, the flexible seal 108 may be thinner than the lens element 86. The flexible seal 108 may also be formed of a different material than the lens element 86 (e.g., a more elastic material with a lower Young's modulus). The flexible seal 108 (sometimes referred to as bias structure 108, flexible lip 108, flexible wall 108, etc.) may be formed as a continuous ring around the lens element 86.

[0071] Figure 7A A lens module is shown positioned where the lens element 84 is manipulated by the lens forming element 88 to have a convex shape. Using this type of arrangement, a positive gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the negative Z direction) can be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This causes the edge of the semi-rigid lens element 86 to push outward against the flexible seal 108. At this position, the flexible seal 108 accommodates the lateral expansion of the lens element 86 (e.g., in the X direction). The semi-rigid lens element 86 exhibits a relatively flat shape with minimal curvature (e.g., ...). Figure 7A (As shown). Figure 6A The radius of curvature of lens element 86 (when lens element 84 has a convex curvature) can be relatively large. Alternatively, when lens element 84 has a convex curvature, Figure 7A The lens element 86 in the image can be planar.

[0072] In comparison, Figure 7B A lens module is shown positioned where lens element 84 is manipulated by lens forming element 88 to have a concave shape. Using this type of arrangement, a negative gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the positive Z direction) can be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This allows the semi-rigid lens element 86 to have a... Figure 7A The flexible seal 108 helps to push the edge of the lens element towards the center of the lens element, thereby providing the desired concave curvature for the lens element 86. Therefore, the flexible seal 108 helps the lens element 86 gradually change its shape (curvature) according to varying gauge pressure. With the assistance of the flexible seal, as the actuator 90 gradually changes the shape of the lens element 84 from convex (as in...)... Figure 7A (as shown) becomes concave (as shown) Figure 7B As shown), the lens element 86 gradually transitions from a planar or high-radius-curvature shape (such as...). Figure 7A (As shown) is changed to a concave shape with a lower radius of curvature (such as...) Figure 7B (As shown).

[0073] When comparing Figure 7B The layout and Figure 7A When the lens element 86 is arranged, the radius of curvature can be changed by a sign and / or by more than 10%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 100%, more than 200%, etc.

[0074] The flexible seal 108 can be attached to the edge of the lens element 86 using an adhesive, or secured to the edge of the lens element 86 using another desired attachment mechanism (e.g., mechanical interlocking). As another possible example, the flexible seal 108 can be integrally formed with the lens element 86 (e.g., it can be formed from the same material as the lens element 86 and / or molded with the lens element 86 in a single step).

[0075] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional side view of a lens module having a first elastomeric lens element and a second elastomeric lens element, as well as a first chamber and a second chamber. Figure 8 The lens module 72 includes a first fluid-filled chamber 82-1 and a second fluid-filled chamber 82-2. Both the first fluid-filled chamber 82-1 and the second fluid-filled chamber 82-2 are filled with fluid 92 (as previously described). Fluid-filled chamber 82-1 (sometimes referred to as chamber 82-1 or fluid chamber 82-1) is inserted between (and partially defined therebetween) lens elements 84-1 and 86. Fluid-filled chamber 82-2 (sometimes referred to as chamber 82-2 or fluid chamber 82-2) is inserted between (and partially defined therebetween) lens elements 84-2 and 86.

[0076] exist Figure 8 In this embodiment, lens elements 84-1 and 84-2 are elastomeric lens elements, while lens element 86 is a rigid lens element (having higher stiffness than lens elements 84-1 and 84-2). Lens element 84-1 can be attached to a lens former 88 (as discussed in the previous figures) that controls the curvature of lens element 84-1. Figure 8 The lens module 72 also includes a support structure 102, a flexible bellows 104, and one or more actuators, as shown and discussed above.

[0077] To control the shape of the elastomeric lens element 84-2 without adding an additional actuator, a valve 110 can be inserted into a passage 112 between chambers 82-1 and 82-2. When valve 110 is open, passage 112 allows fluid to flow between chambers 82-1 and 82-2. When valve 110 is closed, the fluid volume in chambers 82-1 and 82-2 remains constant. (e.g., control circuitry) Figure 1 The control circuit 12) can use the control signal line 114 to control valve 112.

[0078] like Figure 8 As shown, the passage 112 between chambers 82-1 and 82-2 may include an opening in the flexible bellows structure 104 (to allow access to chamber 82-1) and / or an opening in the support structure 102 (to allow access to chamber 82-2). This example is merely illustrative. Typically, the passage 112 and valve 110 may be located at any desired location to allow fluid exchange between chambers 82-1 and 82-2.

[0079] In addition to controlling the curvature of lens element 84-1, lens shaper 88 (and corresponding actuator) can also be effectively used as a pump to control fluid exchange between chambers 82-1 and 82-2. Control circuitry in the device controls the actuator to move lens shaper 88 in the negative Z direction while opening valve 110. In this state, lens element 84-1 has a convex curvature and a positive gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the negative Z direction) is applied to rigid lens element 86. This positive gauge pressure does not deform rigid lens element 86 (maintaining its curvature). However, pressure from the lens shaper / actuator forces fluid 92 out of chamber 82-1 and into chamber 82-2 (through channel 112). The increased volume in chamber 82-2 pushes the elastomeric lens element 84-2 in the negative Z direction, reducing the curvature of lens element 84-2. Once the desired lens shape is achieved, control circuitry can close valve 110.

[0080] The control circuitry in the device controls the actuator to move the lens shaper 88 in the positive Z direction while opening valve 110. In this state, the lens element 84-1 has a concave curvature (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 7B The fluid 92 is drawn from chamber 82-2 into chamber 82-1 by the lens shaper / actuator, and a negative gauge pressure is applied to the rigid lens element 86. This negative gauge pressure does not deform the rigid lens element 86 (it maintains its curvature). However, the negative pressure from the lens shaper / actuator draws fluid 92 from chamber 82-2 into chamber 82-1. The reduced volume in chamber 82-2 allows the elastomeric lens element 84-2 to move in the positive Z direction, thereby increasing the curvature of the lens element 84-2. Once the desired lens shape is achieved, the control circuit can close valve 110. In this way, the lens shaper / actuator and valve 110 can be used to simultaneously control the curvature of lens elements 84-1 and 84-2.

[0081] In response to Figure 8 The control of the lens forming device 88 in the lens element 84-2 allows the radius of curvature of the lens element 84-2 to be changed by a sign and / or by more than 10%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 100%, more than 200%, etc.

[0082] Figure 9A and Figure 9B This is a cross-sectional side view of a lens module having an elastomeric lens element 84 and a bistable semi-rigid lens element 86. The overall structure of the lens module is similar to a combination of... Figure 5A and Figure 5B The structure is described, and for clarity, descriptions of these repeated parts will not be repeated. The elastomeric lens element 84 and the semi-rigid lens element 86 may be formed of the same material or different materials.

[0083] Figure 9A A lens module is shown positioned where the lens element 84 is manipulated by the lens forming element 88 to have a concave shape. This type of arrangement allows a negative gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the positive Z direction) to be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This results in the semi-rigid lens element 86 having a concave curvature with a relatively small radius of curvature.

[0084] exist Figure 9A and Figure 9B In the lens module 72, the semi-rigid lens element 86 can be prestressed when incorporated. In other words, for assembly into the lens module, the semi-rigid lens element 86 can be laterally compressed (e.g., applying pressure towards the center of the lens element to its edge). As an example, the support structure 102 can apply this prestress. Due to the prestress applied to the semi-rigid lens element, it can have two stable states. Therefore, the semi-rigid lens element is sometimes referred to as a bistable semi-rigid lens element. When the lens formler 88 moves in the negative Z direction, the curvature of the lens element 86 can be maintained as... Figure 9A As shown, instead of gradually changing from the first curvature to the second curvature (e.g., as shown in the diagram), Figure 5A and Figure 5B (As shown). In other words, the curvature of the lens element 86 remains fixed in a first stable state under changes in gauge pressure (as shown). Figure 9A As shown), until the lens element flips to its second stable state (as shown). Figure 9B The gauge pressure is shown in the figure.

[0085] In the second stable state, the lens element 84 is manipulated by the lens forming element 88 to have a convex shape. Using this type of arrangement, a positive gauge pressure (e.g., a force in the negative Z direction) can be applied to the semi-rigid lens element 86. This gives the semi-rigid lens element 86 a convex curvature.

[0086] Therefore, the lens element 86 is prestressed so that it has a convex curvature when the lens element 84 has a convex curvature, and a concave curvature when the lens element 84 has a concave curvature. This example is merely illustrative. Typically, any desired relationship between the curvatures of lenses 84 and 86 can be used. However, in this arrangement, the curvature of lens element 86 can have two different stable states (due to the prestress applied to its edges).

[0087] In another possible arrangement, the lens element may have more than two stable states and may switch between three or more stable states depending on the applied gauge pressure. However, the curvature remains constant between the three or more stable states.

[0088] When comparing Figure 9B The layout and Figure 9A When the lens element 86 is arranged, the radius of curvature can be changed by a sign and / or by more than 10%, more than 20%, more than 50%, more than 100%, more than 200%, etc.

[0089] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the radii of curvature of the lens element based on the gauge pressure applied to it. It should be noted that the gauge pressure indicates the curvature of the elastomer lens element 84 within the lens module. For example, consider... Figure 5A and Figure 5B When lens element 84 is controlled to have a concave curvature, the associated gauge pressure on lens element 86 is low (e.g., negative gauge pressure P1). When lens element 84 is controlled to have a convex curvature, the associated gauge pressure on lens element 86 is high (e.g., positive gauge pressure P2).

[0090] Curve 202 shows Figure 3A and Figure 3B The radius of curvature of the rigid lens element 86. As shown in the figure, because the lens element is rigid, the radius of curvature of the lens element remains constant from the negative gauge pressure P1 to the positive gauge pressure P2.

[0091] Curve 204 illustrates the semi-rigid lens element 86 (or...) in Figures 5 through 7. Figure 8 An illustrative curve of the radius of curvature of lens element 84-2 is shown. As the pressure changes from negative gauge pressure P1 to positive gauge pressure P2, the radius of curvature of the lens element gradually increases (e.g., becomes less curved). In this way, the control circuit in the device can control the lens former 88 to manipulate the curvature of lens element 84, which causes a change in gauge pressure on lens element 86, thereby causing the curvature of lens element 86 to change according to curve 204 shown. Therefore, the update of the curvature of lens element 86 and the update of the curvature of lens element 84 occur dynamically in parallel. The control circuit in the device can control the lens element to have a radius of curvature of 84-2. Figure 10The curvature at P1 and P2 or any intermediate gauge pressure / curvature.

[0092] Curve 206 shows Figure 9A and Figure 9B An illustrative curve of the radius of curvature of a bistable semi-rigid lens element 86 is shown. As illustrated, the radius of curvature of the lens element remains constant in the first stable state when moving from a negative gauge pressure P1 to a positive gauge pressure P2. At some intermediate pressure, the lens element 86 can switch from the first stable state to a second stable state. The curvature of the lens element will correspondingly change abruptly to different curvatures (e.g., ...). Figure 9B (The convex curvature). As the gauge pressure completes its movement towards the positive gauge pressure P2, the radius of curvature of the lens element continues to remain constant in the second steady state.

[0093] The shapes of curves 204 and 206 are merely illustrative. Generally, any desired curve shape can be used (e.g., curve 204 can be non-linear).

[0094] According to an embodiment, a system is provided, comprising a head-mounted support structure; a light-emitting display; and a lens module supported by the head-mounted support structure, the lens module receiving light from the display, the lens module including: a first transparent lens element and a second transparent lens element, the first and second transparent lens elements defining a chamber, the first transparent lens element being an elastomeric lens element and the second transparent lens element being a semi-rigid lens element; a fluid located in the chamber between the first and second transparent lens elements; and a plurality of actuators configured to adjust a first curvature of the first transparent lens element, the adjustment of the first curvature of the first transparent lens element also causing a change in a second curvature of the second transparent lens element.

[0095] According to another embodiment, the change in the second curvature of the second transparent lens element includes a change in the radius of curvature of the second transparent lens element of greater than 20%.

[0096] According to another embodiment, the first transparent lens element is thinner than the second transparent lens element.

[0097] According to another embodiment, the first transparent lens element has a smaller Young's modulus than the second transparent lens element.

[0098] According to another embodiment, the lens module includes a lens forming structure attached between a plurality of actuators and a first transparent lens element.

[0099] According to another embodiment, the lens forming structure has multiple extensions.

[0100] According to another embodiment, each of the plurality of extensions is coupled to a corresponding actuator among the plurality of actuators.

[0101] According to another embodiment, the lens-forming structure extends in a ring around a central opening, and the first transparent lens element overlaps with the central opening.

[0102] According to another embodiment, the second transparent lens element is a bistable lens element having a first stable state and a second stable state, wherein the second curvature is concave in the first state and convex in the second state.

[0103] According to another embodiment, adjusting the first curvature from concave to convex causes the second transparent lens element to switch from a first stable state to a second stable state.

[0104] According to another implementation, the first curvature is gradually adjusted from concave to convex, so that the radius of curvature of the second curvature gradually increases.

[0105] According to another embodiment, the lens module includes a biasing structure that applies a force toward the center of the second transparent lens element to the edge of the second transparent lens element.

[0106] According to another embodiment, the lens module includes a support structure, and a biasing structure forms a seal between the second transparent lens element and the support structure.

[0107] According to another implementation, multiple actuators are formed on the support structure.

[0108] According to an embodiment, a system is provided, comprising a head-mounted support structure; a light-emitting display; and a lens module supported by the head-mounted support structure, the lens module receiving light from the display, the lens module including: a first transparent lens element and a second transparent lens element, the first and second transparent lens elements defining a chamber, the first transparent lens element being an elastomeric lens element and the second transparent lens element being a semi-rigid lens element; a fluid located in the chamber between the first and second transparent lens elements; and an actuator attached to the first transparent lens element, the actuator being configured to dynamically adjust the curvature of both the first and second transparent lens elements, without an actuator attached to the second transparent lens element.

[0109] According to another embodiment, the second transparent lens element has higher stiffness than the first transparent lens element.

[0110] According to another embodiment, the lens module includes a lens forming structure attached between the actuator and the first transparent lens element.

[0111] According to another embodiment, the first transparent lens element is thinner than the second transparent lens element.

[0112] According to another embodiment, dynamically adjusting the curvature of both the first and second transparent lens elements includes adjusting the radius of curvature of the second transparent lens element to more than 20%.

[0113] According to an embodiment, a system is provided, comprising a head-mounted support structure; a light-emitting display; and a lens module supported by the head-mounted support structure, the lens module receiving light from the display, the lens module comprising: a rigid lens element; a first transparent lens element having a lower stiffness than the rigid lens element, the first transparent lens element and the rigid lens element defining a first fluid-filled chamber; a second transparent lens element having a lower stiffness than the rigid lens element, the second transparent lens element and the rigid lens element defining a second fluid-filled chamber, wherein the first transparent lens element is an elastomeric lens element and the second transparent lens element is a semi-rigid lens element; a channel located between the first fluid-filled chamber and the second fluid-filled chamber; a valve located in the channel, the valve being configured to open to allow flow through the channel between the first fluid-filled chamber and the second fluid-filled chamber; and a plurality of actuators configured to move the first transparent lens element and control the flow between the first fluid-filled chamber and the second fluid-filled chamber when the valve is open.

[0114] According to another embodiment, the lens module includes an annular structure coupled to a first transparent lens element, and a plurality of actuators are configured to adjust the annular structure to move the first transparent lens element.

[0115] The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described implementation scheme. The aforementioned implementation scheme can be implemented independently or in any combination.

Claims

1. A system comprising: Headband support structure; A light-emitting display; as well as A lens module, supported by the head-mounted support structure, receives light from the display, wherein the lens module includes: A first transparent lens element and a second transparent lens element, the first transparent lens element and the second transparent lens element defining a chamber, wherein the first transparent lens element is an elastomeric lens element and the second transparent lens element is a semi-rigid lens element; A fluid, the fluid being located in the chamber between the first transparent lens element and the second transparent lens element; A plurality of actuators are configured to adjust a first curvature of the first transparent lens element, wherein adjusting the first curvature of the first transparent lens element also causes a change in a second curvature of the second transparent lens element; A biasing structure that applies a force toward the center of the second transparent lens element to the edge of the second transparent lens element; and A support structure, wherein the biasing structure forms a seal between the second transparent lens element and the support structure.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The change in the second curvature of the second transparent lens element includes a change in the radius of curvature of the second transparent lens element of greater than 20%.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The first transparent lens element is thinner than the second transparent lens element.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The first transparent lens element has a smaller Young's modulus than the second transparent lens element.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The lens module further includes a lens forming structure attached between the plurality of actuators and the first transparent lens element.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein, The lens forming structure has multiple extensions.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein, Each of the plurality of extensions is coupled to a corresponding actuator among the plurality of actuators.

8. The system according to claim 5, wherein, The lens-forming structure extends in a ring around a central opening, wherein the first transparent lens element overlaps with the central opening.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The second transparent lens element is a bistable lens element having a first stable state and a second stable state, wherein the second curvature is concave in the first stable state and convex in the second stable state.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein, Adjusting the first curvature from concave to convex causes the second transparent lens element to switch from the first stable state to the second stable state.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The first curvature is gradually adjusted from concave to convex, so that the radius of curvature of the second curvature gradually increases.

12. A system comprising: Headband support structure; A light-emitting display; as well as A lens module, supported by the head-mounted support structure, receives light from the display, wherein the lens module includes: A first transparent lens element and a second transparent lens element, the first transparent lens element and the second transparent lens element defining a chamber, wherein the first transparent lens element is an elastomeric lens element and the second transparent lens element is a semi-rigid lens element, wherein the elastomeric lens element has a first Young's modulus and wherein the semi-rigid lens element has a second Young's modulus greater than the first Young's modulus; Fluid, the fluid being located in the chamber between the first transparent lens element and the second transparent lens element; and An actuator is attached to the first transparent lens element and is configured to dynamically adjust the curvature of both the first and second transparent lens elements, wherein no actuator is attached to the second transparent lens element.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein, The elastomeric lens element is formed from a first material having a Young's modulus of less than 1 GPa, and the semi-rigid lens element is formed from a second material having a Young's modulus of greater than 1 GPa.

14. The system according to claim 12, wherein, The lens module further includes a lens forming structure attached between the actuator and the first transparent lens element.

15. The system according to claim 12, wherein, The first transparent lens element is thinner than the second transparent lens element.

16. The system according to claim 12, wherein, Dynamically adjusting the curvature of both the first transparent lens element and the second transparent lens element includes adjusting the radius of curvature of the second transparent lens element to exceed 20%.

17. A system comprising: Headband support structure; A light-emitting display; as well as A lens module, supported by the head-mounted support structure, receives light from the display, wherein the lens module includes: Rigid lens element; A first transparent lens element having a lower stiffness than the rigid lens element, wherein the first transparent lens element and the rigid lens element define a first fluid-filled chamber; A second transparent lens element having a lower stiffness than the rigid lens element, wherein the second transparent lens element and the rigid lens element define a second fluid-filled chamber, and wherein the first transparent lens element is an elastomeric lens element and the second transparent lens element is a semi-rigid lens element; A channel located between the first fluid-filled chamber and the second fluid-filled chamber; A valve, located in the channel, configured to open to allow flow through the channel between the first fluid-filled chamber and the second fluid-filled chamber; and A plurality of actuators are configured to move the first transparent lens element and control the flow between the first fluid-filled chamber and the second fluid-filled chamber when the valve is opened.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein, The lens module also includes: A ring structure coupled to the first transparent lens element, wherein the plurality of actuators are configured to adjust the ring structure to move the first transparent lens element.

Images