Light-powder coupling adjusting centering device and method for laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head

Abstract

The application provides a light-powder coupling adjusting centering device and method for a laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head, and belongs to the technical field of laser coaxial powder feeding additive manufacturing. The light-powder coupling adjusting centering device comprises a tungsten needle, a centering clamp sleeve, a concentric circular ring table, a centering stud, a centering ring seat, a leveling screw seat and a counterweight base. The tungsten needle, the centering clamp sleeve, the concentric circular ring table and the centering stud are concentrically arranged. The concentric circular ring table is screwed on the outer peripheral surface of the centering stud. The leveling screw seat is embeddedly installed in the first circular groove on the upper surface of the centering ring seat and can be adjusted in the pitch attitude in the first circular groove. The centering ring seat is embeddedly installed in the second circular groove on the upper surface of the counterweight base and can be adjusted in the horizontal attitude in the second circular groove. Through the application, coaxial installation and adjustment of the annular light path and the powder feeding pipe of the cladding head can be realized, the coaxiality of the light coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the annular light path is improved, and the consistency and quality of laser cladding processing are ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser cladding processing head, in particular to the light-powder coupling adjustment technology of coaxial powder feeding laser cladding head, and more particularly to a light-powder coupling adjustment centering device and method for a laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head. BACKGROUND

[0002] Laser cladding additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology combining laser technology and additive manufacturing technology, which has the advantages of low dilution rate, small heat input, wide material, etc. In the process of industrialization application, it has evolved into various types and is widely used in various fields of additive manufacturing, remanufacturing and surface engineering.

[0003] Laser cladding additive manufacturing technology is a laser manufacturing technology that slices a three-dimensional solid model into two-dimensional slices under computer assistance, and then discretizes the two-dimensional slices into one-dimensional lines, and then processes layer by layer according to the pre-planned cladding processing path and process (layer thickness, etc.) by laser cladding, to finally realize the formation of a three-dimensional solid part. Laser cladding nozzle is a key core component of laser cladding system, which can be mainly used to realize the transmission, transformation, focusing of laser beam and the synchronous delivery of cladding material, and to realize the coupling between laser beam and cladding material on the surface of the base material and continuously form a cladding layer. The shaping, transformation and focusing of the laser beam, the transmission and injection of the material, and the coupling mode of the light and the material are the key technologies of the cladding nozzle.

[0004] According to the coupling form of laser beam and powder, laser cladding nozzle can be divided into off-axis powder feeding cladding nozzle and coaxial powder feeding cladding nozzle. For the off-axis powder feeding cladding nozzle, when the scanning direction changes, the light-powder coupling will have obvious directionality, which will affect the performance of the cladding layer. For the coaxial powder feeding cladding nozzle, the powder beam and the laser beam are coaxially coupled and output, and the powder flow is isotropic, which overcomes the directional limitation of off-axis powder feeding and ensures the consistency of the cladding layer under any path. At present, laser cladding uses coaxial powder feeding cladding nozzle, which has no directional problem, and can also be applied to laser metal additive manufacturing (3D printing), which can near-net shape large structural parts and complex structural parts through layer-by-layer deposition.

[0005] In combination with Figure 1 , 2 , according to the relative position of the laser beam and the powder beam, the coaxial powder feeding cladding nozzle can be divided into light-outer coaxial powder feeding nozzle and light-inner coaxial powder feeding nozzle. As shown in Figure 1 , the light-inner coaxial powder feeding nozzle adopts a light-powder coupling mode of "light wrapping powder", a circular solid light beam is converted into a circular ring conical light beam or multiple light beams, and a hollow light area is vertically placed with a powder feeding pipe to realize hollow light beam, central powder pipe and light-inner powder feeding. As shown in Figure 2As shown, the light outer coaxial powder feeding nozzle adopts a "powder wrapping light" light-powder coupling mode, the laser beam is emitted from the center, and the powder feeding nozzles around the beam are arranged in a tilted manner or the powder is fed in a ring shape. During operation, the laser beam and the powder beam converge on the working surface and form a molten pool.

[0006] During actual additive manufacturing using laser cladding processing, due to the frequent replacement of the consumable powder tube and the disassembly and handling of the powder feeding nozzle, the coaxiality of the powder feeding part (including the nozzle) and the light path system often deviates slightly, which causes the laser beam and the powder flow to be unable to be coaxially and accurately coupled. This slight deviation is not easy to be detected in use, but it can cause the deviation of the laser spot and the powder spot, cause the deterioration of the cladding layer structure, bring defects such as cracks, and affect the quality of the cladding layer and the part of the laser cladding processing. At present, the centering adjustment of the laser light path system and the powder feeding part of the nozzle mainly depends on the first assembly and adjustment when the equipment is delivered from the factory, and the subsequent assembly and adjustment also depends on the experience accumulation of the operation engineers, and there is a lack of suitable instruments to correct the deviation of the coaxiality.

[0007] Prior art documents:

[0008] Patent document 1: CN215033627U, a ring-shaped hollow defocusing laser cladding device;

[0009] Patent document 2: CN101774084A, a method and device for laser cladding forming manufacturing by coaxial delivery of light, powder and gas. SUMMARY

[0010] In view of the problems and defects of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a light-powder coupling adjustment centering device and method for a laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head, which can realize the fine adjustment of the spatial position to adapt to different defocusing spot sizes and has strong adaptability to different types of nozzles.

[0011] According to a first aspect of the object of the present application, a light-powder coupling adjustment centering device for a laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head is provided, which comprises a tungsten needle, a centering clamp sleeve, a concentric circular ring table, a centering stud, a centering ring seat, a leveling screw seat and a counterweight base.

[0012] The tungsten needle, the centering clamp sleeve, the concentric circular ring table and the centering stud are concentrically arranged on the same central axis.

[0013] The tungsten needle penetrates the centering clamp sleeve to form an integral whole and is embedded in the centering stud as a whole.

[0014] The concentric circular ring table is screwed on the outer peripheral surface of the centering stud and is located at the middle position in the length direction.

[0015] The lower end of the centering stud is screwed into the threaded hole of the leveling screw seat.

[0016] The leveling screw seat is embeddedly installed in the first circular groove provided on the upper surface of the centering ring seat, and can realize the pitch attitude adjustment in the first circular groove;

[0017] The centering ring seat is embeddedly installed in the second circular groove provided on the upper surface of the counterweight base, and can realize the horizontal orientation adjustment in the second circular groove.

[0018] As an optional embodiment, the centering sleeve is sleeved into the opening at the upper end of the centering stud, and the tungsten needle is coaxially positioned with the centering stud through the centering sleeve. The lower end of the centering stud is screwed into the internally threaded hole provided on the upper surface of the leveling screw seat through external threads, and a cooperation is formed between the first boss surface below the centering stud and the second boss surface of the upper end of the leveling screw seat.

[0019] As an optional embodiment, the concentric circular ring table is processed with internal threads for cooperating with the external threads of the centering stud, and the up-and-down position adjustment of the concentric circular ring table on the peripheral surface of the centering stud is realized by rotating the concentric circular ring table.

[0020] As an optional embodiment, the leveling screw seat is installed in the first circular groove of the centering ring seat from the vertical direction through a plurality of uniformly arranged first leveling screws;

[0021] The upper surface of the leveling screw seat is provided with a plurality of axially symmetric vertical through holes corresponding to the first leveling screws, and a coaxial counterbore hole is provided at the lower end of each vertical through hole;

[0022] A plurality of axially symmetric first threaded holes are provided on the upper groove surface of the first circular groove of the centering ring seat corresponding to the vertical through holes, and a coaxial counterbore hole is provided at the upper end of each first threaded hole;

[0023] The first leveling screws are screwed into the corresponding first threaded holes of the centering ring seat through the vertical through holes of the leveling screw seat;

[0024] Each first leveling screw is correspondingly provided with a leveling compression spring, which is embedded into a pair of counterbore holes of the leveling screw seat and the centering ring seat through the first leveling screw.

[0025] Therefore, the pitch attitude adjustment of the leveling screw seat is realized by rotating the first leveling screw:

[0026] The rotation of the screwing amount of one pair of oppositely arranged first leveling screws is adjusted, so as to realize the pitch angle adjustment in the direction of the one pair of oppositely arranged first leveling screws.

[0027] As an optional embodiment, the centering ring seat is installed in the second circular groove of the counterweight base from the horizontal direction through a plurality of uniformly arranged second leveling screws;

[0028] The counterweight base is provided with a plurality of axially symmetrical horizontal through holes on the same height of the outer ring surface, and coaxial counterbores are formed at the inner ends of the horizontal through holes;

[0029] Correspondingly, a plurality of axially symmetrical second threaded holes are formed on the outer ring surface of the centering ring seat, and coaxial counterbores are formed at the outer ends of the second threaded holes;

[0030] The second leveling screws are screwed into the second threaded holes of the outer ring surface of the centering ring seat through the horizontal through holes of the counterweight base;

[0031] Each second leveling screw is correspondingly provided with a centering spring, which is embedded into the counterbores of the centering ring seat and the counterweight base through the second leveling screw.

[0032] Thus, the horizontal position adjustment of the centering ring seat is realized by rotating the second leveling screws.

[0033] The amount of screwing of one of the second leveling screws arranged in opposition is adjusted, the horizontal position adjustment in the direction of the second leveling screws is realized, and the centering adjustment is realized.

[0034] As an optional embodiment, the upper surface of the concentric ring platform is engraved with a concentric groove for observing the relative position of the annular guide light beam. In particular, the upper surface of the concentric ring platform is frosted to reduce reflection and facilitate observation.

[0035] According to the second aspect of the object of the present application, a coaxial installation and adjustment method for a powder spraying pipe of a laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0036] First, the light powder coupling adjustment centering device is placed directly below the laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head to be installed and adjusted, so that the annular guide light beam is irradiated in the concentric groove engraved on the upper surface of the concentric ring platform. In order to realize the centering of the guide light beam and the concentric ring platform, first, the horizontal position adjustment of the concentric ring platform above the centering ring seat is realized by rotating the second leveling screws, and then the pitch attitude adjustment of the concentric ring platform above the leveling seat is realized by rotating the first leveling screws. The above completes the adjustment of the light powder coupling adjustment centering device.

[0037] Then, the centering adjustment of the laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head is carried out. First, the locking nut of the powder gas nozzle of the laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head is loosened, so that the powder gas nozzle is in a movable and adjustable state. Then, the clamping screws arranged circumferentially are adjusted, so that the powder spraying pipe below the powder gas nozzle is coaxially nested with the tungsten needle. Finally, the locking nut is tightened again, thereby completing the coaxial installation and adjustment of the annular light path and the powder spraying pipe.

[0038] Thus, concentric ring table and ring guide light beam coaxial can be realized by adjusting the centering screw, and the concentric ring table in the horizontal state can be realized by adjusting the leveling screw. In the light powder coupling adjustment of the laser cladding head, the locking nut of the powder gas nozzle of the cladding head is loosened, so that the powder gas nozzle is in a movable adjustable state, then the powder gas nozzle is adjusted to be coaxial with the tungsten needle of the light powder coupling adjustment centering device, and finally the locking nut is tightened, so that the coaxial adjustment of the annular light path and the powder spraying pipe is completed, the coaxiality of the light-in coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the annular light path is improved, the coaxial accurate coupling of the powder spot and the light spot is ensured, fine cladding and printing are realized, and the consistency and processing quality of the laser cladding processing are improved.

[0039] It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter. Additionally, all combinations of claimed subject matter are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter.

[0040] The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be better understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings will be apparent from the detailed description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] The drawings are not intended to be to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures is represented with a like numeral for clarity. Not all components can be called out in each drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present teachings will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings in which:

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a light-in coaxial powder feeding nozzle adopting a light-encapsulates-powder light powder coupling mode.

[0043] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a light-out coaxial powder feeding nozzle adopting a powder-encapsulates-light light powder coupling mode.

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a light powder coupling adjustment centering device of a light-in powder feeding cladding nozzle according to an embodiment of the present teachings.

[0045] Figure 4 is Figure 3 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the light powder coupling adjustment centering device of the embodiment.

[0046] Figure 5 is Figure 3 is a sectional view of the light powder coupling adjustment centering device of the embodiment.

[0047] Figure 6 is the process schematic diagram of adjusting the spray head of the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding head by using the light powder coupling adjustment centering device of the embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 7 is Figure 6 is the partial enlarged schematic diagram of the spray head adjustment in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to better understand the technical content of the present application, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] Aspects of the present application are described in the disclosure by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the present application. It should be understood that various concepts and embodiments introduced above, and those described in more detail below, can be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. Additionally, some aspects of the present application can be utilized independently, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present application.

[0051] According to the embodiment of the present application, aiming at the deviation prone to occur in the coaxial precise coupling of the laser beam and the powder flow in the prior art, and the problem that it is difficult to achieve precise adjustment and centering, a cladding head powder feeding tube adjustment and centering device for laser additive manufacturing is proposed, which is suitable for the adjustment and centering of the powder feeding nozzle of the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding head, realizes the light powder coupling adjustment and centering of the powder feeding nozzle of the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding head, and guarantees the consistency of the powder feeding printing quality.

[0052] The embodiment shown in Figure 3 , 4 The light powder coupling adjustment and centering device for the laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head includes a tungsten needle 100, a centering clamp sleeve 110, a concentric circular ring table 120, a centering stud 130, a centering ring seat 200, a leveling screw seat 210, and a counterweight base 300. The tungsten needle 100, the centering clamp sleeve 110, the concentric circular ring table 120, and the centering stud 130 are concentrically arranged along the common central axis.

[0053] The tungsten needle 100 penetrates through the centering clamp sleeve 110 to form an integral body, and is embedded in the centering stud 130 as a whole, as shown in Figure 4 The concentric circular ring table 120 is screwed on the outer peripheral surface of the centering stud 130 and located at the middle position in the length direction. The lower end of the centering stud 130 is screwed into the threaded hole of the leveling screw seat 210.

[0054] The centering ring seat 200 is screwed on the outer peripheral surface of the concentric circular ring table 120 and located at the middle position in the length direction, as shown in Figure 3 , 4As shown, the leveling screw seat 210 is embedded in the first circular groove 201 provided on the upper surface of the centering ring seat 200, and pitch attitude adjustment can be achieved within the first circular groove 201.

[0055] The central ring seat 200 is embedded in the second circular groove 301 provided on the upper surface of the counterweight base 300, and can be adjusted in horizontal orientation within the second circular groove 301.

[0056] Combination Figure 1 , 2 In the example shown, the centering sleeve 110 is fitted into the upper opening of the centering stud 130, and the tungsten needle 100 is coaxially positioned with the centering stud 130 through the centering sleeve 110.

[0057] The lower end of the centering stud 130 is screwed into the internal thread hole provided on the upper surface of the leveling screw seat 210 through the external thread, and the first boss surface 131 below the centering stud 130 is engaged with the second boss surface 212 on the upper end surface of the leveling screw seat 210.

[0058] Combination Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the concentric ring stage 120 is machined with internal threads for engaging with the external threads of the centering stud 130. The vertical position of the concentric ring stage 120 on the outer circumferential surface of the centering stud 130 can be adjusted by rotating the concentric ring stage 120.

[0059] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the leveling screw seat 210 is installed vertically in the first circular groove 201 of the centering ring seat 200 by a plurality of evenly arranged first leveling screws 220. The centering ring seat 200 is installed horizontally in the second circular groove 301 of the counterweight base 300 by a plurality of evenly arranged second leveling screws 320.

[0060] Combination Figure 3 , 4 As shown, as an optional example, the upper surface of the leveling screw seat 210 has a plurality of axially symmetrical vertical through holes 211, which are arranged one-to-one with the first leveling screw 220, and a coaxial countersunk hole is opened at the lower end of each vertical through hole 211.

[0061] Multiple axially symmetrical first threaded holes 202 are provided on the upper groove surface of the first circular groove 201 of the middle ring seat 200, which are arranged one-to-one with the vertical through holes 211. A coaxial countersunk hole is provided at the upper end of each first threaded hole.

[0062] The first leveling screw 220 passes through the vertical through hole 211 of the leveling screw seat 210 and is screwed into the first threaded hole 202 at the corresponding position of the centering ring seat 200;

[0063] Each first leveling screw 220 is correspondingly provided with a leveling spring 230, which passes through the first leveling screw 220 and is embedded in a pair of countersunk holes in the vertical direction of the leveling screw seat 210 and the centering ring seat 200.

[0064] Combination Figure 4 The example shown demonstrates how rotating the first leveling screw 220 adjusts the pitch of the leveling screw seat 210:

[0065] By rotating and fine-tuning the screw depth of one pair of opposing first leveling screws 220, the pitch angle in the direction of the pair of opposing first leveling screws 220 can be adjusted.

[0066] exist Figure 4 In the example, two pairs of axially arranged first leveling screws 220 are used for illustration, meaning four first leveling screws 220 are used to adjust the pitch angle. Rotating the four first leveling screws 220 causes the leveling screw seat to compress the four compression springs downwards. The lower surface of the leveling screw seat separates from the upper surface of the centering ring seat under the opposing force of the four leveling springs. Rotating the pair of first leveling screws 220 arranged for fine-tuning the front and rear positions allows for small pitch adjustments in the front-to-back orientation of the leveling screw seat. Rotating the pair of first leveling screws 220 arranged for fine-tuning the left and right positions allows for small pitch adjustments in the left and right orientation of the leveling screw seat, thereby adjusting the horizontal tilt angle of the device.

[0067] Combination Figure 4 In the example shown, the counterweight base 300 has multiple axially symmetrical horizontal through holes 303 at the same height on its outer ring surface, and a coaxial countersunk hole is formed at the inner end of the horizontal through hole 303.

[0068] Correspondingly, multiple axially symmetrical second threaded holes 203 are opened on the outer ring surface of the centering ring seat 200, which are set one-to-one with the horizontal through holes 303. The outer end of the second threaded hole 203 has a coaxial countersunk hole.

[0069] The second leveling screw 320 passes through the horizontal through hole 303 of the counterweight base 300 and is screwed into the second threaded hole 203 on the outer ring surface of the centering ring seat 200.

[0070] Each second leveling screw 320 is equipped with a pair of central pressure springs 230, which pass through the second leveling screw 320 and are embedded in a pair of countersunk holes in the centering ring seat 200 and the counterweight base 300.

[0071] Therefore, combined Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal orientation of the middle ring seat 200 can be adjusted by rotating the second leveling screw 320:

[0072] Rotating the second leveling screw 320 of one pair of the second leveling screws 320 arranged in opposite directions to adjust the amount of screwing in, the horizontal orientation adjustment of the direction of the second leveling screw 320 is realized, and the centering adjustment is realized.

[0073] As described above, the second leveling screw 320 arranged in two pairs of axial directions is also taken as an example for description, that is, four second leveling screws 320 are arranged to adjust the horizontal orientation. Thus, rotating the four second leveling screws 320 can drive the leveling screw seat to realize the radial compression of the four centering compression springs, and the outer ring surface of the leveling screw seat and the inner ring surface of the counterweight base maintain a certain spacing under the action of the reverse force of the four centering compression springs. The screwing amount of the second leveling screw 320 arranged before and after the fine adjustment can realize the slight translation of the centering ring seat in the front and rear directions, and the screwing amount of the second leveling screw 320 arranged on the left and right sides can realize the slight translation of the centering ring seat in the left and right directions, so as to realize the adjustment of the device centering.

[0074] In combination with Figure 6 As shown in the example, the upper surface of the concentric ring table 120 is engraved with a concentric groove for observing the relative position of the ring-shaped guide light beam. In particular, the upper surface of the concentric ring table is frosted to reduce reflection and facilitate observation.

[0075] Thus, in combination with Figure 4 、 7 The centering adjustment process diagram of the light-powder coaxial feeding laser cladding head shown in the figure can realize the coaxiality of the concentric ring table 120 and the ring-shaped guide light beam 40 by adjusting the centering screw (i.e., the second leveling screw 320), and realize the horizontal state of the concentric ring table 120 by adjusting the leveling screw (i.e., the first leveling screw 220). During the light-powder coupling centering adjustment of the laser cladding head, the locking nut 13 of the powder-gas nozzle 20 of the laser cladding head is loosened, so that the powder-gas nozzle 20 is in a movable and adjustable state, then the set screw 10 is adjusted so that the powder spraying pipe 30 below the powder-gas nozzle 20 is in a coaxial position with the tungsten needle 100 of the light-powder coupling adjustment centering device proposed in the application, and finally the locking nut 13 is tightened, thereby completing the coaxial adjustment of the ring-shaped light path and the powder spraying pipe, improving the coaxiality of the light-powder coaxial feeding nozzle and the ring-shaped light path, ensuring the coaxial and accurate coupling of the powder spot and the light spot, realizing fine cladding and printing, and improving the laser cladding processing quality.

[0076] In combination with Figure 6 、 5 , 6, 7, the following will further illustrate the use process of the centering adjustment device of the application in combination with specific examples.

[0077] Referring to the diagram, the photo-powder coupling adjustment centering device is first placed directly below the laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head to be installed, so that the annular guide beam 40 irradiates the concentric grooves engraved on the upper surface of the concentric annular stage 120. In order to achieve centering between the guide beam 40 and the concentric annular stage 120, the horizontal position of the concentric annular stage 120 above the centering ring seat 200 is first adjusted by rotating the second leveling screw 320. Then, the pitch attitude of the concentric annular stage 120 above the leveling screw seat 210 is adjusted by rotating the first leveling screw 220. The above completes the adjustment of the photo-powder coupling adjustment centering device.

[0078] Then, the centering adjustment of the laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head is performed. First, loosen the locking nut 13 of the powder nozzle 20 of the laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head so that the powder nozzle 20 is in an adjustable state. Then, adjust the circumferentially arranged set screw 10 so that the powder spraying tube 30 below the powder nozzle 20 and the tungsten needle 100 are in a coaxial nesting position. Finally, tighten the locking nut 13 again to complete the coaxial assembly and adjustment of the annular optical path and the powder spraying tube.

[0079] Combination ​ , 7 The example shown is a typical optical powder cladding head structure in the prior art, and the positions and relationships of the set screw 10, powder nozzle seat 11, washer 12, locking nut 13, powder nozzle 20, and powder spraying pipe 30 are not described in detail here.

[0080] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A photo-powder coupling adjustment and alignment device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head, characterized in that, It includes a tungsten needle (100), a centering sleeve (110), a concentric ring stage (120), a centering stud (130), a centering ring seat (200), a leveling screw seat (210), and a counterweight base (300); The tungsten needle (100), centering sleeve (110), concentric annular platform (120), and centering stud (130) are arranged concentrically along the central axis; The tungsten needle (100) passes through the centering sleeve (110) to form a whole, and is embedded in the centering stud (130). The concentric annular platform (120) is screwed onto the outer peripheral surface of the centering stud (130) and located at the middle position in the length direction; The lower end of the centering stud (130) is screwed into the threaded hole of the leveling screw seat (210); The leveling screw seat (210) is embedded in the first circular groove (201) provided on the upper surface of the centering ring seat (200), and pitch attitude adjustment can be achieved in the first circular groove (201); The centering ring seat (200) is embedded in the second circular groove (301) provided on the upper surface of the counterweight base (300), and can achieve horizontal orientation adjustment within the second circular groove (301); The concentric annular stage (120) has concentric grooves engraved on its upper surface for observing the relative position of the annular guide beam; and the upper surface of the concentric annular stage is frosted.

2. The photo-powder coupling adjustment and alignment device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centering sleeve (110) is fitted into the upper opening of the centering stud (130), and the tungsten needle (100) is coaxially positioned with the centering stud (130) through the centering sleeve (110). The lower end of the centering stud (130) is screwed into the internal thread hole on the upper surface of the leveling screw seat (210) through the external thread, and the first boss surface (131) below the centering stud (130) and the second boss surface (212) on the upper end surface of the leveling screw seat (210) are engaged.

3. The photo-powder coupling adjustment and alignment device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentric ring stage (120) is machined with internal threads for engaging with the external threads of the centering stud (130). The vertical position of the concentric ring stage (120) on the outer circumferential surface of the centering stud (130) can be adjusted by rotating the concentric ring stage (120).

4. The photo-powder coupling adjustment and alignment device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling screw seat (210) is installed vertically in the first circular groove (201) of the centering ring seat (200) by a plurality of evenly arranged first leveling screws (220); The centering ring seat (200) is installed horizontally in the second circular groove (301) of the counterweight base (300) by a plurality of evenly arranged second leveling screws (320).

5. The optical powder coupling adjustment and centering device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper surface of the leveling screw seat (210) has a plurality of axially symmetrical vertical through holes (211), which are set one-to-one with the first leveling screw (220). A coaxial countersunk hole is opened at the lower end of each vertical through hole (211). Multiple axially symmetrical first threaded holes (202) are provided on the upper groove surface of the first circular groove (201) of the centering ring seat (200), which are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the vertical through hole (211), and a coaxial countersunk hole is provided at the upper end of each first threaded hole; The first leveling screw (220) passes through the vertical through hole (211) of the leveling screw seat (210) and is screwed into the first threaded hole (202) at the corresponding position of the centering ring seat (200); Each first leveling screw (220) is equipped with a corresponding leveling spring (230), which passes through the first leveling screw (220) and is embedded in a pair of countersunk holes in the vertical direction of the leveling screw seat (210) and the centering ring seat (200).

6. The optical powder coupling adjustment and alignment device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pitch attitude of the leveling screw seat (210) can be adjusted by rotating the first leveling screw (220): By rotating and fine-tuning the screwing amount of one of the pairs of opposing first leveling screws (220), the pitch angle in the direction of the pair of opposing first leveling screws (220) can be adjusted.

7. The optical powder coupling adjustment and alignment device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head according to claim 4, characterized in that, The counterweight base (300) has multiple axially symmetrical horizontal through holes (303) at the same height on its outer ring surface, and a coaxial countersunk hole is opened at the inner end of the horizontal through hole (303). Correspondingly, multiple axially symmetrical second threaded holes (203) are opened on the outer ring surface of the centering ring seat (200), which are set one-to-one with the horizontal through hole (303). The outer end of the second threaded hole (203) has a coaxial countersunk hole. The second leveling screw (320) passes through the horizontal through hole (303) of the counterweight base (300) and is screwed into the second threaded hole (203) on the outer ring surface of the centering ring seat (200); Each second leveling screw (320) is equipped with a pair of central pressure springs (230), which pass through the second leveling screw (320) and are embedded in a pair of countersunk holes in the centering ring seat (200) and the counterweight base (300).

8. The photo-powder coupling adjustment and alignment device for a laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head according to claim 7, characterized in that, The horizontal orientation of the middle ring seat (200) can be adjusted by rotating the second leveling screw (320): By rotating and fine-tuning the screwing amount of one of the pairs of opposing second leveling screws (320), the horizontal orientation of the pair of opposing second leveling screws (320) can be adjusted, thereby achieving centering adjustment.

9. A method for adjusting and aligning the photo-powder coupling of a laser coaxial powder feeding cladding head, as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: First, place the photo-powder coupling adjustment centering device directly below the laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head to be installed and adjusted, so that the annular guide beam (40) irradiates the concentric groove engraved on the upper surface of the concentric annular stage (120). First, adjust the horizontal position of the concentric annular stage (120) above the centering ring seat (200) by rotating the second leveling screw (320), and then adjust the pitch of the concentric annular stage (120) above the leveling screw seat (210) by rotating the first leveling screw (220). The above completes the adjustment of the photo-powder coupling adjustment centering device. Then, the centering adjustment of the laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head is carried out. First, the locking nut (13) of the powder gas nozzle (20) of the laser coaxial powder feeding and cladding head is loosened so that the powder gas nozzle (20) is in an adjustable state. Then, the circumferentially arranged set screw (10) is adjusted so that the powder spraying tube (30) below the powder gas nozzle (20) and the tungsten needle (100) are in a coaxial nesting position. Finally, the locking nut (13) is tightened again to complete the coaxial assembly and adjustment of the annular optical path and the powder spraying tube.

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