A method for manufacturing a ship aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ship aluminum copper composite laminar flow plate manufacturing method, belong to plate welding technical field, solve the situation in complex surface structure, or already formed large or precision equipment is not suitable for directly carrying out explosive welding or hot-pressing composite preparation heterogeneous metal structural component, technical problem of obtaining aluminum copper composite laminar flow plate on equipment surface when complex surface structure, or already formed large or precision equipment is not suitable for directly carrying out explosive welding or hot-pressing composite preparation heterogeneous metal structural component.A kind of ship aluminum copper composite laminar flow plate manufacturing method includes: step 1, aluminum plate-copper pipe array-aluminum plate combination is formed aluminum copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structural component using explosive welding method, wherein one aluminum plate is intermediate structure layer;Step 2, the intermediate structure layer side of aluminum copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structural component and ship matrix one side are adhered and welded using laser or electron beam welding, from the other side of the ship matrix opposite the ship matrix one side, and the aluminum copper composite laminar flow plate is made.The present application is at least reached 90% above the conventional aluminum-aluminum penetration welding bonding strength of the bonding strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plate welding technology, and specifically relates to a method for manufacturing a marine aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate. Background Technology

[0002] Dissimilar metal structural components are composed of two or more different materials, such as composite material structures used in ships. To meet functional requirements, such as cooling, such dissimilar metal structural components are made of the ship's base material and one or more dissimilar metal materials that are different from the base material. Dissimilar metal structural components are a part of the huge structure of a ship.

[0003] Fusion welding between dissimilar metals can result in residual stress and severe brittle intermetallic compounds, making laser and electron beam fusion welding unsuitable for such connections. Explosive welding and thermocompression bonding are solid-state bonding processes, commonly used to join dissimilar metals, or via rivets and bolts. Explosive welding creates the weld seam through high-speed impact on the workpiece without significantly increasing its temperature, thus avoiding the drawbacks of heat-dependent fusion welding. Therefore, explosive welding is considered suitable for joining different metals. However, explosive welding suffers from poor process controllability; the violent impact can damage the welding materials, limiting its application to the integral welding of multi-layered planar or cylindrical sheet metal components within a certain size range. It is unsuitable for complex surface structures or for welding assembly on the surfaces of large or precision equipment. Furthermore, rivet or bolt connections require drilling, exposing the dissimilar metal interface to the working environment, which can easily lead to corrosion.

[0004] Therefore, the aforementioned methods are clearly not feasible for directly fabricating dissimilar metal structural components using explosive welding or hot pressing on complex surface structures or on already formed large or precision equipment. Thus, how to assemble dissimilar metal structural components on complex surface structures or on already formed large or precision equipment becomes a technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above analysis, this invention proposes a method for manufacturing aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plates for ships, in order to solve the technical problem of obtaining aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plates on the surface of equipment when it is not suitable to directly perform explosive welding or hot pressing composite preparation of dissimilar metal structural parts on complex surface structures or large or precision equipment.

[0006] The objective of this invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] This invention provides a method for manufacturing an aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate for ships, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Using explosive welding, aluminum plate-copper tube array-aluminum plate are combined to form aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structure 8. The copper tube array is composed of several interconnected and / or independent copper tubes. The aluminum plate set on the copper tube array is the cover plate in explosive welding, and the aluminum plate set below the copper tube array is the base plate in explosive welding. One of the aluminum plates is the intermediate structural layer.

[0009] Step 2: Using laser or electron beam welding, the intermediate structural layer side of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structural component 8 is bonded and welded to one side of the ship substrate. Welding is then performed from the opposite side of the ship substrate to the other side of the ship substrate to produce the ship aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate with hollow flow channels.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, the radius of the copper tube is less than half the thickness of the cladding and less than half the thickness of the substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, the copper tube array is placed parallel to the substrate in the explosive welding process, and the cover plate in the explosive welding process is placed parallel to both the copper tube array and the substrate in the explosive welding process. The cover plate in the explosive welding process is separated from the substrate in the explosive welding process by an interval distance of 1 to 8 times the thickness of the cover plate in the explosive welding process.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 1, the determination of the explosive welding process parameters includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Select the aluminum plate with a smaller mass per unit area in the middle structural component 8 of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate as the cover plate in the explosive welding, and the aluminum plate with a larger mass per unit area as the base plate in the explosive welding. The base plate and the cover plate are set in parallel.

[0014] Step II: Determine the impact velocity V during explosive welding based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cover plate. c The optional range;

[0015] Step III: Based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cladding, determine the welding energy required for welding. Use the kinetic energy of the cladding as the welding energy source, and determine the impact velocity V of the cladding during explosive welding based on the minimum welding energy requirement. p Minimum value V pmin The range of values ​​for the collision angle θ is determined by referring to the fourth strength theory and welding energy requirements, and then the collision angle θ and the collision point velocity V are determined. c Impact velocity of the cover plate V p The specific value;

[0016] Step IV: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Collision angle θ, explosive detonation velocity V d The physical parameters of the substrate and the cladding plate and the explosive are used to calculate the distance A between the substrate and the cladding plate based on the principle of conservation of energy.

[0017] Step V: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Explosive detonation velocity V d Based on the physical parameters of the covering plate and explosive, and the principle of conservation of momentum, the thickness ζ of the explosive charge is calculated.

[0018] Furthermore, in step IV, the formula for the conservation of function is P. C-J k0SA / cos(θ / 2)=1 / 2MV p 2 In the formula P C-J denoted by , where is the pressure on the wavefront CJ of the explosive detonation wave; k0 is the pressure adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.6 to 0.7; S is the area of ​​the cladding plate; θ is the collision angle; A is the distance between the base plate and the cladding plate; M is the mass of the cladding plate; and V... p The impact velocity of the cladding plate.

[0019] Furthermore, in step V, the formula for conservation of momentum is ГζSρ0V d =MV p In the formula, ζ is the thickness of the explosive charge, S is the area of ​​the covering plate, ρ0 is the density of the explosive charge, and V d V is the detonation velocity of the explosive, M is the mass of the cladding plate, and V is the detonation velocity of the explosive. p Let Γ be the impact velocity of the cladding plate, and Г be the ratio of the momentum of the explosive acting in the direction of the cladding plate to the total momentum of the explosive.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 2, the thickness t2 of the ship's base is less than or equal to the thickness t3 of the intermediate structural layer; a welding block 6 is formed on the other side of the ship's base. The welding block 6 is formed by multiple welding point areas 5 evenly distributed. The contact surface between the welding point area 5 and the ship's base forms a weld 4. The weld 4 formed by each welding point area 5 is an independent closed curved surface.

[0021] The depth h of weld area 5 is greater than the thickness t2 of the ship's hull, but less than the total thickness T of the ship's hull and intermediate structural layer. The diameter d of weld area 5, the edge spacing s between adjacent weld areas 5, and the thickness t2 of the ship's hull and the thickness t3 of the intermediate structural layer are related as follows: 0.4 + 0.2t2 / t3 <d / s<1.0+0.2t2 / t3。

[0022] Furthermore, the depth h of the weld area 5 and the thickness t2 of the ship's hull and the thickness t3 of the intermediate structural layer are related as follows: t2 + 0.1t3 < h < t2 + 0.8t3.

[0023] Furthermore, the shape of the weld area 5 is set to be circular, elliptical, annular, and / or rectangular, and the shape of the weld 4 is cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical, annular cylindrical, and / or rectangular annular cylindrical.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 2, laser or electron beam welding includes one or more of the following: spot welding forming method, scanning welding forming method, and filler welding forming method.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following technical effects:

[0026] (1) When combining large ships with dissimilar metal structures of different materials, the technical methods of surface welding of dissimilar metals, such as explosive welding, cannot be utilized. In this invention, the aluminum plate and copper tube are first combined into a laminar flow plate intermediate structure by explosive welding process, and then the composite laminar flow plate intermediate structure and the ship matrix are combined again by laser or electron beam welding. The fixed combination of aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate is achieved by using two or more welding processes.

[0027] (2) This invention provides a method for determining explosive welding process parameters by calculating the base plate spacing according to the conservation of function and the flux thickness according to the conservation of momentum. This invention opens up a new way of thinking for determining explosive welding process parameters.

[0028] (3) The present invention connects the intermediate structural component of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate and the ship substrate together through several welding blocks by laser or electron beam welding. Each welding block consists of several welding point areas. The weld of each welding point area is an independent closed curved surface. Adjacent welding point areas and welding blocks are distributed on the substrate according to certain rules. Even if cracks occur in several welding point areas, the propagation of cracks can be effectively suppressed because the substrates are separated.

[0029] (4) In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the welding depth in the intermediate structural component area of ​​the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate does not exceed the thickness of the intermediate structural layer, that is, the welding point area does not penetrate the interface between the intermediate structural layer and the copper tube layer of the intermediate structural component of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate, thereby suppressing the generation of intermetallic compounds during the welding process and ensuring the performance of the plate.

[0030] (5) In the welding operation of this invention, horizontal welding is performed and the weld point extends vertically downwards. The unwelded side of the copper tube and other metal components in the intermediate structure of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate can be prevented from sagging under its own weight. This structure allows for the suppression of protrusions on the unwelded side even when the material being welded is made using rough machining methods such as cast material. Therefore, welding can be performed appropriately even if the object being welded is made of cast material or the like.

[0031] (6) The present invention achieves the optimal weld form by designing the depth, diameter and spacing of the weld area within the welding block, maximizing the bonding area in all directions, and ensuring that there is no intersection between the welds, so that the failure of each weld is prevented from propagating along the weld.

[0032] (7) The bonding strength of the manufacturing method of the present invention reaches at least 90% of the bonding strength of conventional aluminum-aluminum penetration welding, which meets the requirements for welding strength in specific industrial applications.

[0033] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0035] Figure 1 Assembly diagram of intermediate structural components for aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate fabricated by explosive welding;

[0036] Figure 2 A top-view schematic diagram of the welded structure of an aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate;

[0037] Figure 3 A longitudinal section diagram of the weld area for welding aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plates;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a welding forming method;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a longitudinal section view of the weld area of ​​the electron beam welded aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate in Example 1;

[0040] Figure 6 A longitudinal section of the weld area of ​​the electron beam welded aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate for Comparative Example 1, and a magnified view of a portion thereof.

[0041] Figure 7 The image shows a longitudinal section of the weld area of ​​the electron beam welded aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate for Comparative Example 2.

[0042] In the figure, 1-welded structure, 2-surface welded layer, 3-inner welded layer, 4-weld, 5-weld spot area, 6-welded block, 7-cabin body, 8-intermediate structural component, 9-copper tube array + aluminum plate, 10-welding device, 11-launching part, 12-control part, 13-high-energy beam, 14-covering plate, 15-copper tube, 16-substrate.

[0043] d - Diameter of solder joint area 5, s - Edge spacing between adjacent solder joint areas 5, h - Depth of solder joint area 5, T - Total thickness of surface solder layer 2 and inner solder layer 3, D - Diameter of solder block 6, t2 - Thickness of surface solder layer 2, t3 - Thickness of inner solder layer 3, a - Fixed-point welding forming method, b - Scanning welding forming method, c - Filling welding forming method, B - Width of substrate 16, L - Spacing between copper tubes 15, m - Spacing between the center line of copper tube 15 and substrate 16. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following detailed description of a method for manufacturing an aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate for ships, with reference to specific embodiments, is provided. These embodiments are for comparative and illustrative purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0045] Due to the heat dissipation requirements, a certain ship needs to install a composite laminar flow plate with fluid heat dissipation pipes on the surface of a portion of the ship's aluminum plate substrate. The heat dissipation pipes are made of copper. Existing fusion welding technologies, such as laser or electron beam welding, cannot weld the copper heat dissipation pipes to the ship's aluminum plate. Explosive welding, used for welding dissimilar metals, cannot be performed on a ship due to process and welding equipment requirements.

[0046] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate for ships, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Using explosive welding, aluminum plate-copper tube array-aluminum plate are combined to form aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structure 8. The copper tube array is composed of several interconnected and / or independent copper tubes. The aluminum plate set on the copper tube array is the cover plate in explosive welding, and the aluminum plate set below the copper tube array is the base plate in explosive welding. One of the aluminum plates is the intermediate structural layer.

[0048] Step 2: Using laser or electron beam welding, the intermediate structural layer side of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structural component 8 is bonded and welded to one side of the ship substrate. Welding is then performed from the opposite side of the ship substrate to the other side of the ship substrate to produce the ship aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate with hollow flow channels.

[0049] It should be noted that when using explosive welding to prepare metal components with hollow flow channels, an open flow channel is first made on the metal surface by machining. Then, low-melting-point materials such as paraffin or resin are added between the cladding plate and the substrate to fill the flow channel and carry out explosive welding. However, since the cladding plate and the substrate are directly metallurgically bonded, the adverse effects of the low-melting-point materials present in the weld seam can easily cause defects in the weld seam.

[0050] This invention provides a one-time manufacturing method for a metallurgically bonded composite laminar flow plate with an internal flow channel structure. The substrate, the cladding material, and the capillary can be explosively welded into an integrated structure through a cladding / capillary / substrate. During the explosive welding, the capillary is filled with a low-melting-point material such as paraffin or resin, thereby realizing a hollow structure with fluid not contacting the weld, which is difficult to manufacture using traditional explosive welding technology for metal composite materials. The metal substrate can be a metal cladding with the same or different composition as the substrate, and can be metallurgically bonded with a metal capillary having a different composition than the substrate and cladding to provide a more robust internal composite material flow channel structure. However, the elongation of the cladding, substrate, and capillary materials should be greater than 5%.

[0051] Specifically, in this invention, the cladding plate and the substrate are aluminum plates, and the capillary tube is a copper tube. The thickness of the cladding plate is 2 to 20 mm, and the diameter of the copper tube is 0.1 to 5 mm. Compared with the thickness of the cladding plate and the substrate, the diameter of the copper tube is smaller and the wall thickness is thinner. Preferably, the radius of the copper tube is less than half the thickness of the cladding plate and less than half the thickness of the substrate to ensure that the cladding plate has enough metal material to fill the remaining gaps and avoid excessive surface deformation after welding.

[0052] Several interconnected and / or independent copper tubes are laid between the substrate and the cladding plate, forming a copper tube array. The copper tube array is placed parallel to the substrate during explosive welding, with a preferred distance of 1–12 mm between the bottom of the copper tube array and the substrate. The cladding plate is placed parallel to both the copper tube array and the substrate during explosive welding, separated from the substrate by a distance of 1–8 times its thickness. The preferred distance between the cladding plate and the substrate is 2–30 mm. If the distance between the copper tube array and the substrate is smaller, the distance between the copper tube array and the cladding plate is larger to ensure an appropriate spacing between the substrate and the cladding plate. The substrate is laid on the ground or a steel anvil to ensure that the combined mass of the substrate and the anvil provides sufficient inertia for metallurgical bonding. A layer of explosive with an explosion velocity of 1400–3200 m / s is placed on the outer surface of the cladding plate. Upon detonation of the explosive, the cladding plate gradually deforms upon collision with the copper tube array, forming the first impact front. This impact front penetrates the surface of the copper tubes at the impact velocity of the cladding plate. Therefore, the first metallurgical bonding surface is formed between the cladding plate and the copper tubes. Since the copper tube array is essentially unsupported at a distance of 1–12 mm on the substrate, the copper tubes gradually deform, generating a further collision front between the copper tubes and the substrate, thus achieving metallurgical bonding between the copper tubes and the substrate. As the cladding plate pushes the copper tubes to move further, other parts of the cladding plate also achieve metallurgical bonding with the substrate.

[0053] However, although the three layers are bonded by a single explosive metallurgical process, there are actually three consecutive metallurgical bonding operations, spaced a few microseconds apart. Because these three metallurgical bonding surfaces are manufactured sequentially and separately, dimensional constraints are imposed on the parameters for obtaining the first metallurgical bonding surface between the cladding and the copper tubes, such as the cladding thickness and the copper tube diameter. For metallurgical bonding to be achieved, an interfacial impact pressure exceeding the metal's yield strength must be present. This impact pressure is primarily provided by the kinetic energy conversion of the cladding; therefore, the mass and velocity of the cladding are determining factors. A second factor controlling the impact pressure is the inertia of the copper tubes, which depends on the mass of the copper tubes and their internal filler. Since the copper tube array is unsupported approximately 1–12 mm above the substrate surface, the mass and thickness of the copper tubes must ensure sufficient impact pressure for metallurgical bonding.

[0054] Specifically, in step 1, the present invention provides a method for determining explosive welding process parameters, including the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Select the aluminum plate with a smaller mass per unit area in the middle structural component 8 of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate as the cover plate in the explosive welding, and the aluminum plate with a larger mass per unit area as the base plate in the explosive welding. The base plate and the cover plate are set in parallel.

[0056] Step II: Determine the impact velocity V during explosive welding based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cover plate. c The optional range;

[0057] Step III: Based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cladding, determine the welding energy required for welding. Use the kinetic energy of the cladding as the welding energy source, and determine the impact velocity V of the cladding during explosive welding based on the minimum welding energy requirement. p Minimum value V pmin The range of values ​​for the collision angle θ is determined by referring to the fourth strength theory and welding energy requirements, and then the collision angle θ and the collision point velocity V are determined. c Impact velocity of the cover plate V p The specific value;

[0058] Step IV: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Collision angle θ, explosive detonation velocity V d The physical parameters of the substrate and the cladding plate and the explosive are used to calculate the distance A between the substrate and the cladding plate based on the principle of conservation of energy.

[0059] Step V: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Explosive detonation velocity V d Based on the physical parameters of the covering plate and explosive, and the principle of conservation of momentum, the thickness ζ of the explosive charge is calculated.

[0060] It should be noted that in step I, when the unit area mass of the aluminum plates on both sides is equal, either side can be selected as the cover plate or the base plate for explosive welding.

[0061] Specifically, in step II, the velocity V at the collision point is determined. c Optional range:

[0062] Collision point velocity V c Minimum value V cmin =(2R) e (HV f +HV b ) / (ρ f +ρ b )) 1 / 2 (1), In equation (1), R e HV is the Reynolds number, usually taken as 10.6; HV is the Vickers hardness. f The Vickers hardness of the cladding, HV b ρ is the Vickers hardness of the substrate. f ρ is the density of the cladding. b The density of the substrate. The collision point velocity V. c The maximum value V cmax It is the minimum of the sound velocity of the cladding and the sound velocity of the substrate.

[0063] In step III, the welding energy is directly proportional to the kinetic energy of the cladding plate, and the lower limit of the welding energy is related to the impact velocity V of the cladding plate. p Minimum value V pmin The following relationship exists between them:

[0064] 1 / 2MV pmin 2 η = E wmin =σ b SH f βδ (2),

[0065] In equation (2), M is the mass of the cladding plate, M = SH f ρ f S is the area of ​​the cover plate, which is generally the welding area, ρ f H is the density of the cladding. f V represents the thickness of the cladding. pmin The minimum impact velocity of the cladding is 1 / 2MV. pmin 2 Let η be the minimum kinetic energy of the cladding impact, η be the conversion rate of the cladding impact kinetic energy into welding energy, and σ be the minimum kinetic energy of the cladding impact. b Where S is the tensile strength of the cladding or substrate material, S is the welding area, which is generally the area of ​​the cladding, and β is the minimum weld layer thickness as a percentage of the cladding thickness H. f The ratio, δ, represents the elongation of the weld layer, which is generally between the elongation of the cladding and the substrate. Here, σ is used. b SH fβδ roughly represents the fracture energy required to achieve the standard weld strength and minimum weld layer thickness, so it is used to approximate the minimum welding energy, i.e., the lower limit of welding energy E. wmin The minimum weld layer thickness is the minimum thickness of the weld layer when the weld reaches the standard weld strength, which is related to the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the base and cladding welding materials.

[0066] It should be noted that when the materials of the cladding plate and the substrate are the same, the standard welding strength required for welding is the tensile strength of that material, and the welding energy is the fracture energy of the minimum weld layer. As can be seen from equation (2), the impact velocity V of the cladding plate p Minimum value V pmin =[2σ b βδ / (ηρ f )] 1 / 2 It should be noted that, based on previous research, the V-shape within the welding window... pmin Approximately and σ b ρ f This means that within the microsecond range of explosive welding, the conversion rate η of the impact kinetic energy of the cladding plate into welding energy is related to the elongation δ of the material. That is, a higher elongation of the material results in a higher conversion rate, and a lower elongation results in a lower conversion rate. The conversion rate η is approximately equivalent to 2βδ, therefore:

[0067] V pmin =(σ b / ρ f ) 1 / 2 (3).

[0068] When the substrate and cladding materials are different, there is V pmin =(σ b1 / ρ f ) 1 / 2 (4),

[0069] In equation (4), σ b1 It has the highest tensile strength among base and cladding materials.

[0070] Specifically, when set in parallel configurations, the detonation velocity V of the explosive is... d and the velocity V at the point of collision c Equal, the velocity V at the point of collision c Impact velocity of the cover plate V p There is a V between them p =2V c sin(θ / 2), since the collision angle θ is small, we have 2sin(θ / 2)=sinθ, so generally we have V p =V c sinθ. During explosive welding, the velocity V at the point of impact. c The maximum value V cmaxMinimum value V corresponding to the impact velocity of the cover plate pmin Therefore, the minimum collision angle θ is obtained. min =arcsin(V pmin / V cmax ).

[0071] Furthermore, set V c sinθ(2-cosθ) 1 / 2 =V pmin (2-cosθ min ) 1 / 2 V can be obtained c The correspondence between V and θ yields a V value representing the lower limit of welding energy. c The numerical lines of θ are the isoenergy lines of the lower limit of welding energy.

[0072] Set V c sinθ(2-cosθ) 1 / 2 =kV pmin (2-cosθ min ) 1 / 2 k takes a number between 2 and 4, such as 3, and we can get V. c The correspondence between V and θ yields a V that represents the upper limit of welding energy. c The numerical lines of θ are the isoenergy lines of the upper limit of welding energy. The isoenergy lines of the upper and lower limits of welding energy, and V... cmax V cmin The boundary lines together form the welding parameter window.

[0073] Furthermore, determine the specific value of the collision angle θ:

[0074] Collision angle θ = θ min +n(θ max -θ min (5), In equation (5), n is an adjustment coefficient, which is a number between 0 and 1, such as 0.5.

[0075] It should be noted that the typical collision angle θ ranges from 3° to 30°.

[0076] Furthermore, based on the already determined specific value of the collision angle θ, the explosive welding parameters V... c The velocity V at the collision point is determined within the -θ window. c The specific value.

[0077] Furthermore, based on the determined collision angle θ and the collision point velocity V... c According to formula V p =V c sinθ, the impact velocity V of the cover plate is obtained. p .

[0078] In step IV, the formula for conservation of function is:

[0079] P C-J k0SA / cos(θ / 2)=1 / 2MV p 2 (6)

[0080] In equation (6), P C-J denoted as CJ, where C is the pressure on the wavefront of the explosive detonation wave; k0 is the pressure adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.6 to 0.7; S is the area of ​​the cladding plate; A is the distance between the substrate and the cladding plate; θ is the collision angle; M is the mass of the cladding plate; and V is the mass of the cladding plate. p The impact velocity of the cladding plate.

[0081] Specifically, P C-J =ρ0V d 2 / (γ+1) (7), In equation (7), ρ0 is the density of the explosive, and V d For the detonation velocity of the explosive, V d The properties of the explosive itself determine the influence of V. d Factors generally include explosive density, explosive ratio, explosive package size, moisture content, particle size, and additives; γ is the adiabatic index of the explosion products. It should be noted that when the base plate and cover plate are arranged parallel to each other, the collision point velocity V... c and the detonation velocity V of explosives d They are equal, so when choosing the explosive detonation velocity V... d Reference collision point velocity V c To make the two similar, or to refer to the detonation velocity V of explosives. d Calculate the velocity V at the point of impact. c .

[0082] In step V, the formula for conservation of momentum is ΓζSρ0V d =MV p (8), where ζ is the thickness of the explosive charge, S is the area of ​​the covering plate, ρ0 is the density of the explosive charge, and V d V is the detonation velocity of the explosive, M is the mass of the cladding plate, and V is the detonation velocity of the explosive. p Let Γ be the impact velocity of the cladding plate, and Г be the ratio of the momentum of the explosive acting in the direction of the cladding plate to the total momentum of the explosive. γ is the adiabatic index of the explosion products, N is the length of the cladding plate, and N ≥ 2.25ζ is satisfied.

[0083] It should be noted that all material parameters in the above formulas are in the International System of Units (SI), and the unit of Vickers hardness HV is Pa.

[0084] Figure 1 An assembly diagram of the intermediate structural component for the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate prepared by explosive welding.

[0085] In step 2, a welding block 6 is formed on the other side of the ship's hull. The welding block 6 is formed by multiple welding point areas 5 evenly distributed. The contact surface between the welding point area 5 and the ship's hull forms a weld 4. The weld 4 formed by each welding point area 5 is an independent closed curved surface.

[0086] It should be noted that the ship's base is the ship's hull, and the welding area 5 is located on the exposed side of the base, that is, welding is performed from one side of the ship's base to the side of the intermediate structural layer. In other words, the ship's base is the surface welding layer 2, and the intermediate structural layer is the internal welding layer 3.

[0087] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate welding structure of the present invention. It should be noted that the surface welding layer 2 of the present invention belongs to the hull 7 of the ship. The surface welding layer 2 is a single layer of metal, which can be a single metal or an alloy, such as iron, copper, aluminum, titanium, or their alloys, steel, etc. The inner welding layer 3 is the intermediate structural layer of the intermediate structural component 8. Below the inner welding layer 3 is an array of copper tubes of dissimilar metal material. The surface welding layer 2 and the inner welding layer 3 are welding substrates of the same material—aluminum plate.

[0088] The thickness of the ship's hull (i.e., surface welded layer 2) is t2, and the thickness of the intermediate structural layer (i.e., internal welded layer 3) is t3. The thickness of the ship's hull, t2, is less than or equal to the thickness of the intermediate structural layer, t3. The total thickness of both is t2 + t3 = T. The thicknesses of t2 and t3 range from 1 to 30 mm, preferably from 2 to 20 mm. The depth h of the weld area 5 is greater than the thickness t2 of the ship's hull and less than the total thickness T of the ship's hull and intermediate structural layer. Specifically, t2 + 0.1t3 < h < t2 + 0.8t3. The diameter d of the weld area 5, the edge spacing s between adjacent weld areas 5, and the thicknesses t2 of the ship's hull and t3 of the intermediate structural layer are related as follows: 0.4 + 0.2t2 / t3 <d / s<1.0+0.2t2 / t3。

[0089] Specifically, within welding block 6, the spacing 's' of weld point areas 5 represents the distance between the edges of adjacent weld point areas. The shape of weld point areas 5 is set to circular, but can also be elliptical, annular, and / or rectangular annular, depending on the characteristics of the welding surface. The resulting weld shape is cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical, annular cylindrical, and / or rectangular annular cylindrical. The maximum spacing between the contour edges of weld point areas 5 is taken as the diameter 'd' of weld point areas 5. That is, if it is elliptical, the diameter 'd' of weld point areas 5 is the length of the major axis of the ellipse; if it is rectangular annular, the diameter 'd' of weld point areas 5 is the length of the diagonal of the outer ring rectangle. The diameter 'd' of weld point areas 5 ranges from 0.5 to 80 mm. Furthermore, the diameter 'd' of each weld point area 5 does not need to be strictly the same.

[0090] The number of solder joint areas 5 within the welding block 6 is more than 2. The multiple solder joint areas 5 within the welding block 6 are evenly distributed, generally arranged in a circular pattern, and can also be oval, rectangular or polygonal, such as hexagonal or triangular dot matrix arrangements, etc. Therefore, the shape of the welding block 6 formed by the welding zone boundaries of the multiple solder joint areas 5 is generally also circular, and of course, it can also be oval, rectangular or a suitable curve, or polygonal. In Figure 1 , the welding block 6 is a circle with a diameter of D, but it can also be regarded as a square with a side length of D to facilitate planning the welding of solder joints in a certain arrangement, and can also be dispersedly connected according to the specific shape.

[0091] It should be noted that for welding such dissimilar metal structural parts by laser or electron beam, stress tends to concentrate at the boundary between the weld and the base material. Therefore, cracking may occur at the boundary between the weld and the base material. More seriously, if simple linear welding is used, if the boundary is in the same direction as the advancing direction of the crack, the crack will tend to further develop. If this happens, the welded materials connected together may break. Therefore, within the welding block 6, there is a relationship between the diameter d of the solder joint area 5, the edge spacing s between this solder joint area 5 and the adjacent solder joint area 5, and the thickness t2 of the matrix, i.e., the surface welding layer 2, and the thickness t3 of the intermediate structure layer, i.e., the internal welding layer 3: 0.4 + 0.2t2 / t3 < d / s < 1.0 + 0.2t2 / t3, preferably 0.5 + 0.2t2 / t3 < d / s < 0.9 + 0.2t2 / t3.

[0092] When the ratio d / s of the diameter d of the solder joint area 5 and the edge spacing s between this solder joint area 5 and the adjacent solder joint area 5 is ≤ 0.4 + 0.2t2 / t3, the diameter d of the solder joint area 5 is too small relative to the spacing s of the adjacent solder joints, and the welding bearing capacity per unit area is insufficient. Therefore, when an intensity load exceeding each single solder joint area 5 is applied, fracture may occur. In this case, each solder joint area 5 fractures internally respectively.

[0093] When d / s ≥ 1.0 + 0.2t2 / t3, the diameter d of the solder joint area 5 is too large relative to the spacing s of the adjacent solder joints, and the distribution of the solder joint areas 5 is too dense. Under the application of a certain external load, cracks between adjacent solder joint areas are likely to extend and connect to each other after being stressed. Therefore, continuous fracture will occur along the periphery of the weld 4. At the same time, materials with a large thickness require higher energy penetration, and the composite interface is more easily affected. Therefore, the density of the solder joint areas 5 needs to be reduced.

[0094] When \(0.4 + 0.2\frac{t_2}{t_3}<\frac{d}{s}<1.0 + 0.2\frac{t_2}{t_3}\), the diameter \(d\) of the solder joint area 5 is appropriate relative to the spacing \(s\) of adjacent solder joint areas. Therefore, the crack generated in the solder joint area 5 along the weld 4 is suppressed. Moreover, the adjacent solder joint areas 5 are not too far apart, so the sharing of the force load by the adjacent solder joint areas 5 also suppresses the individual fracture of each solder joint area 5.

[0095] In addition, according to the ratio \(\frac{t_2}{t_3}\) of the thickness \(t_2\) of the surface welding layer 2 and the thickness \(t_3\) of the internal welding layer 3, and the diameter \(d\) of the solder joint area 5, it is further optimized within the above range to avoid the mutual influence between the weld and the composite interface, so that the surface welding layer 2 and the internal welding layer 3 of the welded object disperse the acting force, which helps to improve the connection strength.

[0096] According to the area, structure and shape of the welding surface of the dissimilar metal structural parts to be welded, the welding block 6 can be divided into one or more blocks, and the relative positions and distances between the multiple blocks are determined according to the area, structure and shape of the welding surface. Specifically, the multiple welding blocks 6 can be arranged in parallel or alternately, etc., and the spacing between two adjacent welding blocks 6 is greater than the edge spacing \(s\) between adjacent solder joint areas 5 within the welding block 6.

[0097] Specifically, in step 2, laser or electron beam welding is realized through the welding device 10. The welding device 10 includes at least one set of emission part 11 and control part 12. The control part 12 controls the emission part 11 to emit a high-energy beam 13 at a predetermined position on the surface welding layer 2 to be welded, so that the solder joint area 5 is formed at the position irradiated by the high-energy beam 13. Among them, the laser welding power range is 1000 - 1400W; the electron beam welding voltage range is 140 - 150kV, and the vacuum degree is less than \(7\times10\) -2 Pa.

[0098] Figure 3 It is a longitudinal sectional schematic diagram of the solder joint area for the aluminum-copper composite laminated plate welding. Figure 3 The cabin body 7 in it is composed of multiple layers of metals. The lowermost layer of the cabin body 7 is the base body. Before welding, the metal layer above the base body corresponding to the welding area of the base body needs to be removed to facilitate welding from top to bottom. At the same time, the thickness \(t_2\) of the base body, that is, the surface welding layer 2, meets the requirements, that is, the range of \(t_2\) is 1 to 30 mm, preferably 2 to 20 mm, and the thickness \(t_2\) of the surface welding layer 2 is not greater than the thickness \(t_3\) of the middle structural layer, that is, the internal welding layer 3. At the same time, before welding, the surface where the surface welding layer 2 and the internal welding layer 3 are combined needs to be polished, and the two cooperate with each other.

[0099] It should be noted that if the joint surface between the internal welding layer 3 and the copper tube array below it in the intermediate structural member 8 is in a form of staggered undulations such as wavy or serrated, at this time, the thickness \(t_3\) of the internal welding layer 3 does not include the undulating part of the joint surface.

[0100] During welding, the weld point 5 penetrates the surface weld layer 2 and welds with the inner weld layer 3. The contact surface between the weld point 5 and the substrate is the weld seam 4. The surface weld layer 2 and the inner weld layer 3 of the materials being welded are connected together by the weld seam 4. The depth h of the weld point 5 is greater than the thickness t2 of the surface weld layer 2 and less than the total thickness T of the surface weld layer 2 and the inner weld layer 3. Specifically, t2 + 0.1t3 < h < t2 + 0.8t3. The depth h of each weld point 5 does not need to be strictly the same.

[0101] When h≥t2+0.8t3, under the high-temperature environment of welding, a new phase—intermetallic compound—may form at the interface between the inner weld layer 3 and the dissimilar metal below. Due to the uncertainty of the mechanical properties of the new phase and the discontinuity between the phases, defects and cracks are generated, which will propagate along the weld area 5, making the weld 4 more prone to failure.

[0102] When h≤t2+0.1t3, the bonding depth of the weld area 5 between the surface weld layer 2 and the inner weld layer 3 is insufficient, and the welding strength does not meet the requirements.

[0103] When t2+0.1t3<h<t2+0.8t3, the bonding depth of the weld area 5 between the surface weld layer 2 and the inner weld layer 3 is within a reasonable range, and the weld area 5 is blocked by the metal of the inner weld layer 3, so it will not form intermetallic compounds that deteriorate the performance with the dissimilar metal under the inner weld layer 3. Even if cracks occur at the interface between the weld area 5 and the welding substrate, the substrate can absorb some of the fracture energy, thus improving the fracture resistance.

[0104] It should be noted that since the thickness ranges of t2 and t3 are 1 to 30 mm, and the range of 0.1t3 is 0.1 to 3 mm, in actual welding, the depth of the weld point area 5 entering the inner weld layer 3 needs to be selected according to the thickness of t2, but it will not exceed the range of t2 + 0.1t3 < h < t2 + 0.8t3.

[0105] Furthermore, during horizontal welding operations, the weld area extends vertically downwards, and the metal components such as copper tubes in the intermediate structural member 8 that are not involved in welding can prevent the weld area 5 from sagging under its own weight. This structure prevents the formation of protrusions on the unwelded side even when the material being welded is made by rough machining methods such as cast material. Therefore, welding can be performed appropriately even if the object being welded is made of cast material or the like.

[0106] The laser or electron beam welding of the present invention includes one or more of the following: a fixed-point welding forming method, a scanning welding forming method, and a filler welding forming method.

[0107] Specifically, the fixed-point welding forming method emits a high-energy beam 13 at a predetermined point on the surface welding layer 2 for a fixed period of time, causing the irradiated area to melt in a hole-like manner, thereby forming a circular welding block 5. More specifically, the control unit 12 controls the emission unit 11 to aim the high-energy beam 13 at the predetermined location range of the welding point area 5 on the surface welding layer 2 for irradiation, forming an internally melted welding point area 5. Figure 4 Figure 'a' illustrates the fixed-point welding forming method. It should be noted that, due to the limited irradiation range of the high-energy beam, the diameter of the weld area formed by fixed-point forming is relatively small.

[0108] Specifically, the scanning welding forming method forms the weld point area 5 by scanning the outer circumference of the weld point area 5 along a circumferential path using a high-energy beam 13. More specifically, the control unit 12 controls the emission unit 11 so that the high-energy beam 13 scans the outer circumference of the predetermined weld point area 5 on the surface welding layer 2 along a circumferential path, forming a circumferentially melted annular weld point area 5. Figure 4 Figure b illustrates the scanning welding forming method, with the arrow indicating the direction of movement of the high-energy beam 13. It should be noted that the diameter of the weld area 5 is not limited by the scanning welding forming method; the direction of scanning along the circumferential path is unrestricted, and can be clockwise, counterclockwise, or a combination of both.

[0109] Specifically, the filling welding forming method involves using a high-energy beam 13 to scan the outer circumference of the weld point area 5 along a circumferential path to form an annular block. Then, the high-energy beam 13 is repeatedly oscillated and scanned to melt the annular block, filling its interior and forming a partially or completely melted weld point area 5 within the annular block. More specifically, the control unit 12 controls the emission unit 11 to cause the high-energy beam 13 to scan the outer circumference of the predetermined weld point area 5 on the surface welding layer 2 along a circumferential path to form an annular block; then, the control unit 12 controls the emission unit 11 to cause the high-energy beam 13 to repeatedly oscillate and scan to melt the annular block, filling its interior and forming a filled weld point area 5. Figure 4 Figure c illustrates the filler welding method, and the wave oscillation in the figure represents the swinging movement of the high-energy beam 13. It should be noted that, like the scanning welding method, the filler welding method allows for an unrestricted increase in the diameter of the weld area 5; the direction of scanning along the circumferential path is also unrestricted, and can be clockwise, counterclockwise, or a combination of both.

[0110] It should be noted that during actual welding, one of the above three welding forming methods can be used, or two or more of the above welding methods can be used in combination. In addition, the irradiation time of the high-energy beam should preferably be such that the depth h of the weld area 5 is greater than the thickness t2 of the surface weld layer 2, but less than the total thickness T of the surface weld layer 2 and the inner weld layer 3.

[0111] Through the above welding method, the intermediate structural component 8 and the base body are connected together by several welding blocks. Each welding block consists of several weld points. Adjacent weld points and welding blocks are distributed at intervals on the base material. Even if cracks occur in several weld points, the propagation of cracks can be effectively suppressed due to the separation of the base materials. This makes the bonding strength of the welded structure of the present invention reach at least 90% of the bonding strength of conventional through-welds of the same material, which meets the requirements for welding strength in specific industrial applications.

[0112] Example 1

[0113] A welding method for an aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate with fluid heat dissipation pipes on a ship includes the following steps:

[0114] Step 1: Using explosive welding, combine explosive-aluminum plate-gap-copper tube array-gap-aluminum plate to form aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structure 8. The aluminum plate set on the copper tube array is the cover plate, and the aluminum plate set below the copper tube array is the base plate. The cover plate, copper tube array and base plate are arranged in parallel, and the cover plate is the intermediate structural layer.

[0115] Specifically, step 1 involves determining the process parameters for explosive welding according to the following steps:

[0116] Step I: In this embodiment 1, the intermediate structural component of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate is a composite structure consisting of an aluminum plate, a copper tube array, and an aluminum plate. The aluminum plates on both sides are of the same size, and the copper tube array is sandwiched between the aluminum plates on both sides. Since the aluminum plates on both sides are of the same size, either aluminum plate can be used as a cover plate in the explosive welding process in this embodiment 1.

[0117] Specifically, the cladding plate 14 is an aluminum plate with dimensions of 200 mm × 100 mm × 4 mm; the substrate structure includes an aluminum plate serving as substrate 16 and a copper tube array laid on it, i.e., the copper tube array is located between the cladding plate 14 and the substrate 16, and the copper tube array consists of 5 independent copper tubes 15. The aluminum plate serving as substrate 16 has dimensions of 200 mm × 100 mm × 4 mm, i.e., the width B of substrate 16 is 100 mm, and the copper tubes 15 have dimensions of 200 mm in length, 3 mm in outer diameter, and 1 mm in wall thickness. The independent copper tubes 15 are evenly laid on substrate 16 at a spacing of L = 10 mm. The surfaces of cladding plate 14 and substrate 16 are polished and cleaned with 400-grit sandpaper, and the copper tubes 15 are filled with paraffin wax.

[0118] In this embodiment 1, theoretically, there are welding processes between the cladding plate and the copper tube, the copper tube and the substrate, and the cladding plate and the substrate in the explosive welding process. However, the copper tube is suspended above the substrate with a gap between them. When the cladding plate initially falls, it will not weld with the suspended copper tube. When the cladding plate contacts the substrate, the copper tube is sandwiched in it and will weld with the substrate and the cladding plate to a certain extent. However, this is different from explosive welding in the true sense. Moreover, the key point of welding aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plates is that the welding strength of the substrate and the cladding plate needs to meet the requirements. Therefore, only the process parameters required for welding the cladding plate and the substrate are calculated.

[0119] Step II: Determine the impact velocity V during explosive welding based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cover plate. c The optional range;

[0120] Calculate the welding V of the cover plate and the substrate c Optional range:

[0121] Collision point velocity V c Minimum value V cmin =(2R) e (HV f +HV b ) / (ρ f +ρ b )) 1 / 2 = (10.6 × 2 × 0.294 × 10 9 / 2700) 1 / 2 =1520 (m / s).

[0122] Collision point velocity V c The maximum value V cmax It is 6400 meters per second;

[0123] Step III: Based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cladding, determine the welding energy required for welding. Use the kinetic energy of the cladding as the welding energy source, and determine the impact velocity V of the cladding during explosive welding based on the minimum welding energy requirement. p Minimum value V pmin The range of values ​​for the collision angle θ is determined by referring to the fourth strength theory and welding energy requirements, and then the collision angle θ and the collision point velocity V are determined. c Impact velocity of the cover plate V p The specific value;

[0124] Determine the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Minimum value V pmin =(σ bf / ρ f ) 1 / 2 =(1×10 8 / 2700) 1 / 2 =192 m / s;

[0125] Minimum collision angle θmin =arcsin(192 / 6400)=1.72°;

[0126] Given k=3, the maximum collision angle θ can be obtained. max =21.6°;

[0127] Determine the specific value of the collision angle θ:

[0128] The collision angle θ = 1.72° + 0.51 × (21.6° - 1.72°) = 11.9°.

[0129] First, according to the formula: V c2 sinθ(2-cosθ) 1 / 2 =3V pmin (2-cosθ min ) 1 / 2 Find the velocity V at the point of collision. c2 = 2766 m / s, then according to the formula: V c =1520 + 0.056 × (2766 - 1520) = 1600 m / s, find the velocity V at the point of impact. c ;

[0130] Impact velocity of the cover plate V p =V c sinθ=1600×sin11.9°=330 meters / second.

[0131] Step IV: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Collision angle θ, explosive detonation velocity V d The physical parameters of the substrate and the explosive are used to calculate the distance A between the substrate and the substrate based on the principle of conservation of energy.

[0132] According to formula 1 / 2MV p 2 Calculate the kinetic energy, E, of the copper tube with a cladding and paraffin filling as it falls onto the plate. k =13656 joules, explosive density is 800 kg / m³, detonation velocity V d Referring to the above collision point velocity V c V d The value is taken as 1600 m / s, k0 is taken as 0.6, γ = 2, and the explosion pressure on the cladding plate is P = P C-J k0S=ρ0V d 2 / (γ+1)k0S=800×1600×1600×0.6×0.02 / 3=8192000 Newtons, according to the formula P C-J k0SA / cos(θ / 2)=1 / 2MV p 2The calculation shows that the base plate spacing A = 0.002 meters. Since there is a copper tube with an outer diameter of 3 mm sandwiched in the middle, the actual base plate spacing is 5 mm. Specifically, the lower outer edge of the copper tube is 1 mm away from the substrate, that is, the center line of copper tube 15 is 2.5 mm away from the substrate. The upper outer edge of the copper tube is 1 mm away from the cover plate, that is, the center line of copper tube 15 is 2.5 mm away from the cover plate.

[0133] Step V: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Explosive detonation velocity V d The physical parameters of the covering plate and explosive are used to determine the explosive thickness ζ based on the conservation of momentum.

[0134] The formula for conservation of momentum is ΓζSρ0V d =MV p ,

[0135] The result shows that ζ = 0.015 meters, which means the thickness of the medicine application is 15 millimeters.

[0136] Step 2: Electron beam welding is used to bond and weld the intermediate structural layer side of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate intermediate structural component 8 to the ship hull side. Welding is performed from the opposite side of the hull to the other side of the hull to form the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate.

[0137] The area where the composite laminar flow plate intermediate structural component is installed on a large aluminum plate on the ship is polished and cleaned with 400-grit sandpaper to obtain an aluminum plate layer of 200 mm × 100 mm × 2 mm as the surface welding layer 2, that is, the thickness t2 of the surface welding layer 2 is 2 mm; the inner welding layer 3 is the cover plate during the explosive welding in step 1, that is, the intermediate structural layer, with an aluminum plate of 200 mm × 100 mm × 4 mm in size, and the thickness t3 of the inner welding layer 3 is 4 mm.

[0138] Electron beam welding was used, with a voltage of 150kV and a vacuum degree of 5×10⁻⁶. -2 Pa. A fixed-point welding forming method is adopted, and welding is performed from a large-area aluminum plate. The weld point area penetrates the large-area aluminum plate and enters the intermediate structural layer, thereby forming a welded block on the surface of the large-area aluminum plate. The welded structure is a rectangular welded block formed by four evenly distributed weld point areas. The side length of the welded block is 100 mm × 80 mm, and the diameter d of the weld point area is 28 mm. In the long side direction of the rectangular welded block, the distance s between adjacent weld point areas is 44 mm, and d / s is 0.64. In the short side direction of the rectangular welded block, the distance s between adjacent weld point areas is 24 mm, and d / s is 1.17. The diameter d of the weld point area is 28 mm, and the depth h of the weld point area is 5 mm. Figure 5The image shows a longitudinal section of the weld area of ​​the electron beam welded aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate in Example 1. As can be seen from the image, the influence range of the weld area in the depth direction is limited to the inner weld layer, and it does not have the physical conditions to generate intermetallic compounds. The weld strength was tested and found to reach 95% of the penetration weld strength of the aluminum plate.

[0139] Comparative Example 1

[0140] The same materials and processes as in Example 1 were used for comparison, except that the depth h of the solder joint area was 5.8 mm, and h ≥ t2 + 0.8t3. Figure 6 The image shows a longitudinal section of the weld area of ​​the electron beam welded aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate for Comparative Example 1, along with a magnified view of its portion. As can be seen from the image, the influence range of the weld area in the depth direction extends beyond the inner weld layer, and the heat-affected zone reaches the surface of the copper tube beneath the aluminum plate of the inner weld layer. The magnified view shows that a welding crack appeared between the contact surface of the aluminum plate and the copper tube, indicating that the hot-melt welding process damaged the aluminum-copper composite layer.

[0141] Comparative Example 2

[0142] A comparison was made using the exact same materials and processes as in Example 1, except that the weld depth h was 2.3 mm, h ≤ t2 + 0.1t3, indicating insufficient weld depth. Figure 7 The image shows a longitudinal section of the weld area of ​​the electron beam welded aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate for comparison example 2. The weld strength only reached 50% of the penetration weld strength of the aluminum plate.

[0143] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a marine aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Using explosive welding, aluminum plate-copper tube array-aluminum plate are combined to form an intermediate structural component (8) of aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate. The copper tube array is composed of several interconnected and / or independent copper tubes. The aluminum plate set on the copper tube array is the cover plate in explosive welding, and the aluminum plate set below the copper tube array is the substrate in explosive welding. One of the aluminum plates is the intermediate structural layer. Step 2: Electron beam welding is used to bond and weld the middle structural layer side of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate (8) to the ship substrate side, and welding is performed from the opposite side of the ship substrate to form the ship aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate with hollow flow channels. In step 1, the determination of the explosive welding process parameters includes the following steps: Step 1: Select the aluminum plate with a smaller unit area mass in the intermediate structural component (8) of the aluminum-copper composite laminar flow plate as the cover plate in the explosive welding, and the aluminum plate with a larger unit area mass as the base plate in the explosive welding. The base plate and the cover plate are arranged in parallel. Step II: Determine the collision point velocity V during explosive welding based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cover plate. c The optional range; Step III: Based on the material parameters of the substrate and the cladding, determine the welding energy required for welding, using the kinetic energy of the cladding as the welding energy source, and determine the impact velocity V of the cladding during explosive welding based on the minimum welding energy requirement. p Minimum value V pmin The range of values ​​for the collision angle θ is determined by referring to the fourth strength theory and welding energy requirements, and then the collision angle θ and the collision point velocity V are determined. c Impact velocity of the cover plate V p The specific value of V; pmin =(σ b / ρ f ) 1 / 2 In the formula σ b ρ is the tensile strength of the aluminum plate. f The density of the aluminum plate; Step IV: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Collision angle θ, explosive detonation velocity V d The physical parameters of the cover plate and the explosive are used to calculate the distance A between the substrate and the cover plate based on the principle of conservation of energy. Step V: Based on the impact velocity V of the cover plate p Explosive detonation velocity V d Based on the physical parameters of the covering plate and the explosive, and the principle of conservation of momentum, the thickness ζ of the explosive charge is calculated.

2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the radius of the copper tube is less than half the thickness of the cladding plate and less than half the thickness of the substrate.

3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step IV, the formula for the conservation of function is P. C-J k0SA / cos(θ / 2)=1 / 2MV p 2 In the formula P C-J Where is the pressure on the wavefront CJ of the explosive detonation wave, k0 is the pressure adjustment coefficient, with a value of 0.6~0.7; S is the area of ​​the cladding plate, θ is the collision angle, A is the distance between the substrate and the cladding plate, M is the mass of the cladding plate, and V is the mass of the cladding plate. p The impact velocity of the cladding plate is given.

4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step V, the formula for the conservation of momentum is ГζSρ0V d =MV p In the formula, ζ is the thickness of the explosive charge, S is the area of ​​the covering plate, ρ0 is the density of the explosive charge, and V d Let M be the detonation velocity of the explosive, M be the mass of the covering plate, and V be the mass of the covering plate. p The impact velocity of the cover plate is denoted as Γ, and the momentum of the explosive acting in the direction of the cover plate is the ratio of the total momentum of the explosive.

5. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the thickness t2 of the ship base is less than or equal to the thickness t3 of the intermediate structural layer; a welding block (6) is formed on the other side of the ship base. The welding block (6) is formed by multiple welding point areas (5) evenly distributed. The contact surface between the welding point area (5) and the ship base forms a weld (4). The weld (4) formed by each welding point area (5) is an independent closed curved surface. The depth h of the weld joint area (5) is greater than the thickness t2 of the ship base and less than the total thickness T of the ship base and the intermediate structural layer; the diameter d of the weld joint area (5), the edge spacing s between adjacent weld joint areas (5), and the thickness t2 of the ship base and the thickness t3 of the intermediate structural layer are related as follows: 0.4 + 0.2t2 / t3 <d / s<1.0+0.2t2 / t3。 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The depth h of the weld area (5) and the thickness t2 of the ship substrate, and the thickness t3 of the intermediate structural layer are related as follows: t2+0.1t3<h<t2+0.8t3.

7. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The shape of the weld area (5) is set to be circular, elliptical, annular and / or rectangular, and the shape of the weld (4) is cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical, annular cylindrical and / or rectangular annular cylindrical.

8. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the electron beam welding includes one or more of the following: a fixed-point welding forming method, a scanning welding forming method, and a filler welding forming method.

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