A method for promoting regional dominance of wheat

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of wheat-corn annual cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for promoting wheat regional dominance in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: step one, dividing strips in the wheat season; step two, uniformly concentrating corn stalks in the inner strip in the wheat season; step three, ploughing the inner strip in the wheat season; step four, deep ploughing or rotary ploughing in the wheat season; step five, sowing wheat; step six, uniformly returning wheat stalks to the field in the corn season; step seven, deep ploughing or rotary ploughing in the corn season; and step eight, sowing corn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of year-round wheat-maize cultivation, and in particular to a method for promoting regional dominance in wheat. Background Technology

[0002] Corn and wheat are my country's main food crops, playing a vital role in ensuring national food security. Salt-alkali stress can cause physiological drought, metabolic disorders, and decreased photosynthetic performance in crops, inhibiting root absorption of soil nutrients and affecting normal crop growth and development. Crops often exhibit problems such as low germination rates, slow growth, and shortened growth cycles. Straw contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; returning it to the field can improve soil fertility while also loosening the soil and conserving water. Tillage methods can break up the plow pan and alter the physical and chemical properties of the topsoil, providing nutrients and favorable space for crop root growth. Strip tillage enhances the water retention capacity of saline-alkali soils, breaks up the plow pan, and reduces soil bulk density. Combining strip tillage with straw return to the field reduces the salinity of the outer strip tillage layer, creating a localized advantage and thus increasing wheat yield.

[0003] However, current research on the effects of different straw return methods and tillage patterns on improving the physical and chemical properties of topsoil, promoting crop yield, and enhancing water and nutrient use efficiency is relatively in-depth. However, the application and improvement effects on saline-alkali land still require further investigation, especially the synergistic effect and mechanism of straw strip return and tillage patterns. This study selected winter wheat variety Taimai 198 and summer maize variety Wansheng 69 as year-round wheat-maize test materials. By setting different straw return methods and strip tillage patterns, the effects of straw strip incorporation, differences in return amount, and differences in tillage on water and salt transport changes and yield in year-round winter wheat-summer maize saline-alkali land were studied. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for strip tillage during the wheat season, with each plot consisting of three strips. Previous crop corn stalks are returned to the field, and a centralized straw return machine is used to evenly distribute the straw from the outer strips into the inner strips for plowing. All strips are then uniformly deep-tilled or rotary-tilled. During the corn season, previous crop wheat stalks are evenly returned to the field, and the plots are then deep-tilled or rotary-tilled. This method is beneficial for increasing the annual yield of wheat and corn in saline-alkali land and promotes the regional advantages of wheat without damaging the saline-alkali soil environment.

[0005] A method for promoting regional dominance in wheat according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Divide the wheat field into strips; each plot is divided into 3 strips, each plot is 30m long × 7.2m long, and each strip is 30m long × 2.4m long.

[0007] Step 2: During the wheat season, corn stalks are evenly concentrated into the inner strip; corn stalks from both sides are concentrated into the inner strip, and three times the amount of stalks are evenly spread in the inner strip.

[0008] Step 3: Intra-season strip plowing; spread 3 times the amount of straw evenly in the inner strip, and use a tiller to plow the straw into the 0-40cm soil layer.

[0009] Step 4: Deep loosening or rotary tillage during the wheat season; after the straw plowing is completed, deep loosening or rotary tillage is carried out on the plot.

[0010] Step 5: Wheat sowing; sow the winter wheat variety Taimai 198.

[0011] Step Six: Return wheat straw to the field evenly during the corn season; After the wheat harvest, return the wheat straw to the field evenly.

[0012] Step 7: Deep loosening or rotary tillage during corn season; After the straw plowing is completed, deep loosening or rotary tillage is carried out on the plot.

[0013] Step 8: Sowing corn; sow the corn variety Wansheng 69.

[0014] Preferably, in step two, after the corn stalks on both sides are crushed, the crushed stalks are concentrated in the inner strip, which has three times the amount of stalks, and then the stalks are evenly spread on the inner strip.

[0015] Preferably, in step five, wheat planting is carried out using a wheat seeder, with the sowing date being late October of the same year and the sowing rate being 375 kg / hm². -2 The N-P₂O₅-K₂O ratio is 18-16-6, and the dosage is 600 kg / hm. -2 Apply 225 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing during the wheat jointing stage. -2 Irrigate 220mm and 300mm during the wheat's tillering and flowering stages, respectively. Field irrigation and pest and disease management are the same as for general high-yield fields.

[0016] Preferably, in step six, after the wheat is harvested, the wheat straw is crushed, the straw from each plot is evenly spread in each plot, and then the land is plowed.

[0017] Preferably, in step eight, the maize planting density is 72,000 plants per hectare. -2 Apply 600 kg / ha of humic acid compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 25-12-5). -2 Apply 900 kg / hm² of topdressing fertilizer during the corn's peak heading stage. -2 .

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Before the corn harvest, straw is returned to the field in strips, and a centralized straw return machine is used to evenly place the straw from both sides of the strips into the inner strips for plowing. Then, all strips are uniformly deep-tilled or rotary-tilled. During the corn season, before the corn harvest, wheat straw is evenly returned to the field, and the plots are deep-tilled or rotary-tilled. This helps to increase the annual yield of wheat and corn in saline-alkali land without damaging the soil environment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Table 1 is a schematic diagram of the wheat field trial design;

[0020] Table 2 is a schematic diagram of the field experiment design for the maize season;

[0021] Tables 3, 4, and 5 are schematic diagrams illustrating the impact of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on yield;

[0022] Table 6 is a schematic diagram of the design of the sampling points for the experimental treatment;

[0023] Figures 1(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on salinity.

[0024] Figures 2(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on water availability;

[0025] Figures 3(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effect of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on pH.

[0026] Figures 4(a) and (b) illustrate the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages, as provided in this embodiment of the invention, on Na. + Schematic diagram of the impact;

[0027] Figures 5(a) and (b) illustrate the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages, as provided in this embodiment of the invention, on K. + Schematic diagram of the impact;

[0028] Figures 6(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on total nitrogen in the soil.

[0029] Figures 7(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on alkaline nitrogen hydrolysis.

[0030] Figures 8(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on soil organic matter;

[0031] Figures 9(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the impact of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on SPAD.

[0032] Figures 10(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages on population photosynthesis, as provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figures 11(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effect of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf;

[0034] Figures 12(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on stomatal conductance.

[0035] Figures 13(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on intercellular CO2.

[0036] Figures 14(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on transpiration rate;

[0037] Figures 15(a), (b), and (c) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance of wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on dry matter.

[0038] Figures 16(a), (b), and (c) are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of a method for promoting regional dominance in wheat at different growth stages provided in the embodiments of the present invention on total nitrogen in the plant. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

[0040] Includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Divide the wheat season into strips: Divide each plot into 3 strips, each plot is 30m long × 7.2m long, and each strip is 30m long × 2.4m long.

[0042] Step 2: Evenly concentrate corn stalks from the wheat season into the central strip: Concentrate the corn stalks from both sides into the central strip, and spread three times the amount of stalks evenly in the inner strip.

[0043] Step 3: Strip tillage during the wheat season: The straw is laid flat in the inner strip and tilled into the 0-40cm soil layer using a tiller.

[0044] Step 4: Deep loosening or rotary tillage during the wheat season: After the straw plowing is completed, deep loosening or rotary tillage is carried out on the plot.

[0045] Step 5: Wheat sowing: Sow the winter wheat variety Taimai 198.

[0046] Step Six: Evenly return wheat straw to the field during the corn season: After the wheat harvest, return the wheat straw evenly to the field.

[0047] Step 7: Deep loosening or rotary tillage during the corn season: After the straw has been evenly returned to the field, deep loosening or rotary tillage should be carried out on the plot.

[0048] Step 8: Sowing corn: Sow the corn variety Wansheng 69.

[0049] Example

[0050] 1. Materials and Methods

[0051] 1.1 Experimental Design:

[0052] A field experiment was conducted in Xiaobotou Town, Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province (N37°56′42.93″, E111°57′43.02″) from 2021 to 2022. The winter wheat variety Taimai 198 and the summer maize variety Wansheng 69 were used as test materials. The two-side strip tillage pattern and the inner strip straw concentration plowing and returning treatment at different time periods are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Based on previous research, each plot was designed with 3 strips, with straw from the two side strips concentrated in the central strip. The experiment adopted a completely randomized design, with 6 treatments in the wheat season, 3 replicates, for a total of 18 plots, each plot area being 216 m². 2 (30m × 7.2m), each plot of the inner strip straw centralized plowing and returning to the field has 3 strips, with a strip area of ​​72m². 2 (30m×2.4m). During the corn season, strip straw uniform return to the field was implemented, and two tillage methods were used: strip rotary tillage and deep loosening.

[0053]

[0054] Table 1

[0055]

[0056] Table 2

[0057] Wheat was planted using a wheat seeder in late October of the same year, with a seeding rate of 375 kg / hm². -2 The N-P₂O₅-K₂O ratio is 18-16-6, and the dosage is 600 kg / hm. -2 Apply 225 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing during the wheat jointing stage. -2Irrigate with 220mm and 300mm of water during the wheat's tillering and flowering stages, respectively. The planting density for the corn season is 72,000 plants per hectare. -2 Apply 600 kg / ha of humic acid compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 25-12-5). -2 Apply 900 kg / hm² of topdressing fertilizer during the corn's peak heading stage. -2 Irrigation and pest and disease management in the field are the same as in general high-yield fields.

[0058] 1.2. Measurement Items and Methods

[0059] 1.2.1 Output and its components:

[0060] During the winter wheat harvest period, the number of ears per mu (667 square meters), the number of grains per ear, and the thousand-grain weight were surveyed. Rotary tillage (WAR) and deep loosening (WAS) were measured at 1m depth. 2 Yield measurements were performed, repeated three times. For each treatment of strip tillage and strip straw return (WCRD, WCSD, WARD, and WASD), the strip length was taken from the inner strip at 0.0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, and 3.6 m, respectively, and then successively at 0.6 m × 2 m = 1.2 m from the outermost strip. 2 Yields were measured separately, and the average was recorded as the strip treatment yield, repeated 3 times. All wheat ears within the yield measurement sampling area were manually cut, naturally dried, threshed using a small seed thresher, weighed separately, and the grain moisture content was measured using a grain moisture meter. The moisture content was adjusted to 13%, and finally the standard grain yield was calculated.

[0061]

[0062] Thirty wheat ears were randomly selected for grain count determination. Grains were randomly selected from the yield-testing samples to calculate the thousand-grain weight of wheat.

[0063] For details on yield measurement and sampling, please refer to Table 6.

[0064]

[0065] Table 6

[0066] The number of effective ears per unit area was investigated during the corn harvest period, and 9m² of corn was harvested. 2 Actual corn yield was measured. Twenty ears of uniform growth were selected and air-dried indoors before being tested. During the test, ear weight, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, and degree of tip barrenness were assessed. The ears were then threshed and weighed at 500 kernels. Corn yield (kg / hm²) -2 = Number of plants per hectare × Number of ears per plant × Number of grains per ear × Weight of 100 grains / 10 2 ×(1-sample moisture content%) / (1-18%).

[0067] 1.2.2 Nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground parts of the plant:

[0068] The nitrogen content of plant leaves, stems and ears was determined by the Kjeldahl method. 0.2g of dried and ground plant sample was added to 5ml of concentrated sulfuric acid. With 30% H2O2 as catalyst, the sample was digested at 280℃ for 1h and then heated to 340℃ for 1h. The total nitrogen content of the plant was determined by the Haineng K9860 fully automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer.

[0069] 1.2.3 Determination of soil moisture content:

[0070] Soil samples were taken from maize at the emergence, jointing, tasseling, flowering, milk stage, and full maturity stage; and from wheat at the booting, flowering, grain-filling, milk stage, waxy stage, and full maturity stage. The sampling depth was 60 cm, with layers spaced 20 cm apart. Each treatment was replicated three times. The fresh weight of the soil samples was measured immediately after collection and then dried at 75℃ to constant weight. The soil moisture content was calculated using the following formula: Soil moisture content (%) = (fresh weight - dry weight) / dry weight × 100%

[0071] 1.2.4 Soil electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil ion content:

[0072] Soil electrical conductivity was determined using the conductivity method. 4g of air-dried soil sample (passing through a 1mm sieve) was placed in a test tube, 20ml of water (1:5 soil leachate) was added, the tube was tightly sealed, shaken for 3 minutes, allowed to stand and clarify, and then filtered. The soil conductivity was measured using a conductivity meter (DDSJ-308). The pH of the soil sample was measured using a pH meter (pHSJ-4F), and the soil test solution was analyzed using the same method as the conductivity method. Soil organic matter content was determined using the hydration heat potassium dichromate oxidation-colorimetric method. Total nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl method, available phosphorus was determined using sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, and available potassium was determined using ammonium molybdate extraction-flame photometry. + and Na + Determining (K) using flame photometry + Its concentration in water is low, so Na is used. + calculate).

[0073] 1.2.5. Crop dry matter determination and harvest index:

[0074] For maize, healthy and uniformly growing plants were selected at the emergence, jointing, tasseling, flowering, grain-filling, milk, waxy, and full maturity stages. Fifteen plants were collected for each treatment, with three replicates. In the early stage, the plants were divided into stems and leaves; in the later stage, they were divided into stems (tassels), leaves (husks), and ears. For wheat, at the booting, flowering, grain-filling, milk, waxy, and full maturity stages, 90 representative and uniformly growing wheat tillers were selected from each plot, with three replicates. In the early stage, the tillers were divided into stems and leaves; in the later stage, they were divided into stems, leaves, and ears. Fresh samples were first separated, then blanched at 105℃ for 30 minutes, and finally dried at 80℃ to constant weight before weighing.

[0075] 1.2.6 Leaf Area Index:

[0076] Five representative, uniformly growing maize plants were selected during the following stages: emergence, jointing (V6), large trumpet stage (V12), tasseling and flowering stage (VT), grain filling stage (R2), milk stage (R3), waxy stage (R5), and full maturity stage (R6). Leaf length and width were measured, and the leaf area index (LAI) was calculated.

[0077] Leaf area per plant (m²) 2 = Leaf length (m) × Leaf width (m) × 0.75

[0078] Leaf Area Index (LAI) = (Leaf area per plant × Number of plants per unit area) / Area 1.2.7, Measurement of gas exchange parameters in wheat flag leaves and wheat canopy photosynthesis:

[0079] The net photosynthetic rate (P0.05) of the flag leaf of wheat plants was measured using a CIRAS-3 portable photosynthesis measurement system from 9:30 to 11:30 AM on sunny days at the flowering, grain-filling, milk-ripe, and wax-ripe stages of wheat. n ), porosity (G) s ) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C i Each treatment was repeated three times. The light intensity (PAR) was kept constant at 1000 ± 20 mol / m² during the measurement period. -2 s -1 Natural CO2 concentration: 390 ± 10 μmol / mol -1 Select a 0.6×0.7m plot of wheat in a uniformly growing area. 2 The apparent CAP of wheat population was measured using a photosynthesis box (Lufthansa) connected to a CIRAS-III (PPSystem, USA) photosynthesis instrument on a clear, cloudless morning from 9:30 to 11:30.

[0080] 1.2.8 Determination and analysis of rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve (OJIP):

[0081] Twenty representative, uniformly growing wheat plants were selected for each treatment at the flowering, grain-filling, milk-ripe, and waxy-ripe stages. After the flag leaf of each plant was dark-acclimated for 30 minutes using a dark adaptation clip, the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics curve (OJIP) (Schansker G, 2003) was measured using a continuous excitation fluorometer (HandyPEA, Hansatech, UK), and relevant parameters were calculated.

[0082] 1.3 Data Processing and Statistics:

[0083] Data were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software, and graphs were plotted using SigmaPlot 10.0.

[0084] 2. Results and Analysis

[0085] 2.1 The impact of a method to promote regional wheat advantage on wheat yield and its components.

[0086] Table 3 shows that different strip tillage patterns and straw return combinations have a significant impact on the yield of winter wheat in saline-alkali land. Compared with deep tillage and rotary tillage (WAS, WAR) patterns, the yield of plot strip tillage (WCSD, WASD, WCRD, WARD) patterns is significantly increased. Under deep tillage as the basic tillage pattern, the combination of deep tillage with two side strips and concentrated straw incorporation in the inner strip (WCSD) increased yield by 20.30% and 10.70% respectively compared to the combination of deep tillage with two side strips and uniform straw incorporation (WASD) and deep tillage with uniform rotary straw incorporation (WAS), both showing highly significant yield increases. Under rotary tillage as the basic tillage pattern, the combination of rotary tillage with two side strips and concentrated straw incorporation in the inner strip (WCRD) increased yield by 28.20% and 13.20% respectively compared to the combination of rotary tillage with two side strips and uniform straw incorporation (WARD) and rotary tillage with uniform rotary straw incorporation (WAR), both showing highly significant yield increases. Among the six strip tillage patterns and straw incorporation combinations, WCSD and WCRD yielded significantly higher than other treatments; compared to WCSD, WCRD yielded 7.40% more. Analysis of yield components across the six treatments revealed that, compared to WAS and WAR, strip tillage significantly increased the number of spikes, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight of winter wheat in saline-alkali soils. Furthermore, concentrated straw incorporation into the field via strip tillage further enhanced yield components, showing the most significant improvement in the WCRD treatment (Table 3).

[0087] Winter wheat yield and its components

[0088]

[0089] Note: The values ​​of the same parameter indicated by different letters represent significant differences between different treatments at the p<0.05 level, according to LSD data statistics.

[0090] Table 3

[0091]

[0092] Note: The values ​​of the same parameter indicated by different letters represent significant differences between different treatments at the p<0.05 level, according to LSD data statistics.

[0093] Table 4

[0094] Note: The values ​​of the same parameter indicated by different letters represent significant differences between different treatments at the p<0.05 level, according to LSD data statistics.

[0095]

[0096] Table 5

[0097] Because both the WCRD and WCSD treatments employed strip tillage and concentrated straw return to the field, they both affected the uniformity of soil physicochemical properties in the 0-60cm topsoil layer within the plot. This resulted in differences in wheat growth and development across different strips within the plot and between different row spacings within the same strip, consequently affecting yield. As shown in Table 4, from the center line of the central straw-incorporated strip in the WCSD plot towards the outer edges of the deep tillage strips on both sides, wheat yield exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The highest yield area appeared at a distance of 1.8-3.0m from the center line, within the deep tillage strip. The yields in the local areas at 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0m from the center line increased by 76.60%, 73.20%, and 64.60% respectively compared to the area at 0.0m from the center line. However, the yield at the outermost edge of the deep tillage strip decreased significantly, but was still 19.10% higher than that of the area at the center line. Table 5 shows that under the WCRD treatment, the variation pattern of wheat yield in each strip was similar to that of WCSD, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from the center of the central straw-returning strip towards the outer edge of the rotary tillage strip. However, the difference was that the highest yield area in WCRD occurred 1.2-2.4m from the centerline, located in the middle of the rotary tillage strip. The yields in the local areas at 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4m were 66.90%, 72.40%, and 53.20% higher than at the centerline (0.0m), respectively. This is consistent with the fact that the high-yield area in WCSD shifted inwards by 0.6m. The average yield of the local high-yield areas at 1.2-2.4m in the WCRD plot was 5.7% higher than that of the local high-yield areas at 1.8-2.4m in the WCSD plot. The results for spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight in the WCRD treatment were similar to those in WCSD. Strip tillage and central straw-returning had a significantly greater impact on spike number than on grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight.

[0098] 2.2 The effect of a method to promote regional advantages in wheat on salinity.

[0099] Figure 1(a) shows that under six different treatments, the salinity of the topsoil layers (0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm) in winter wheat in saline-alkali soil first decreased and then increased from the booting stage to the full maturity stage. Taking the salinity of the topsoil layer (0-20cm) during the grain-filling stage (Fi) as an example, WCRD reduced the salinity by 4.06%, 5.62%, 6.75%, 6.56%, and 10.08% compared to WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in salinity at other growth stages and at different depths of topsoil also conformed to the above trend. It can be seen that the treatment of concentrated straw plowing and burying in the central strip combined with rotary tillage in the outer strips on both sides (WCRD) is significantly more effective than other treatments, especially compared to WAS and WAR, in inhibiting salt accumulation in the topsoil layer (0-60cm) of winter wheat in saline-alkali soil.

[0100] As shown in Figure 1(b), the salinity of the topsoil layer (0-60 cm) in both WCSD and WCRD winter wheat during the heading to full maturity stages showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Overall, at each topsoil depth, soil salinity exhibited a general trend of rapid decrease followed by a slow increase as the sampling points moved from the inner strip centerline towards the edges of the two strips (within the 0.0-3.6 m range). Compared to WCRD, both treatments showed consistent concentration of straw plowing in the inner strips, but the salinity of the WCRD treatment in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm topsoil layers was significantly lower than that in the WCSD treatment. This suggests that during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, rotary tillage may be more effective in reducing the vertical movement of salt in the soil, while increasing the lateral movement of salt within the topsoil layer.

[0101] 2.3 The impact of a method to promote regional wheat dominance on water availability.

[0102] Figure 2(a) shows that under the six treatments, the moisture content in the topsoil layers (0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm) of winter wheat in saline-alkali soil exhibited a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again from the booting stage to the full maturity stage. Taking the pH at the 40-60cm depth during the grain-filling stage (Fi) as an example, the WCRD was 5.69%, 12.19%, 12.78%, 6.82%, and 13.28% higher than that of WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in moisture content at other growth stages and at different depths also conformed to the above trend.

[0103] As shown in Figure 2(b), the soil moisture in the 0-60 cm tillage layer of winter wheat during the booting to full maturity stages under both WCSD and WCRD treatments exhibited a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again. Overall analysis revealed that at each tillage depth, soil moisture changes showed a general trend of slow decrease followed by rapid increase and then slow decrease as the sampling points moved from the inner strip centerline towards the edges of the two outer strips (within the 0.0-3.6 m range). This indicates that the concentrated incorporation of straw in the inner strips helps to prevent moisture loss in the horizontal direction. This effect is particularly pronounced at the inner edges of the outer tillage strips (within the 1.2-2.4 m range). However, as the outer tillage strips extend outwards, the moisture-increasing effect of the central straw-incorporated strips decreases, and a significant decreasing trend in soil moisture occurs. This result demonstrates that the WCRD treatment can significantly increase the soil moisture in the surface tillage layer of the rotary tillage strips on both sides.

[0104] 2.4 The effect of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on pH

[0105] Figure 3(a) shows that under the six treatments, the pH of the topsoil layers (0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm) in saline-alkali soil winter wheat exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing from the heading stage to full maturity. Taking the pH at the grain-filling stage (Fi) at 40-60cm as an example, the WCRD was 0.44%, 2.30%, 3.48%, 2.77%, and 6.54% lower than that of WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in pH at other growth stages and at different topsoil depths also conformed to the above trend.

[0106] As shown in Figure 3(b), the pH of the topsoil layer (0-60 cm) in both the WCSD and WCRD treatments during the winter wheat heading to full maturity stages showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Overall analysis revealed that at all topsoil depths, soil pH changes exhibited a general trend of slow decrease followed by rapid increase as the sampling points moved from the center of the inner strip towards the edges of the outer strips (0.0-3.6 m). This indicates that the concentrated incorporation of straw in the inner strips has a horizontal effect in inhibiting pH increases. This effect is particularly pronounced at the inner edges of the outer strips (1.2-2.4 m), but as the outer strips extend outwards, the inhibitory effect of the central straw-incorporated strips decreases, leading to a significant increase in soil pH. This trend showed highly significant differences in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer under the WCRD treatment. This result demonstrates that the WCRD treatment can significantly reduce the soil pH in the surface topsoil of the outer rotary tillage strips, which is crucial for wheat yield formation.

[0107] 2.5. A method to promote regional dominance in wheat by addressing Na+ + Impact

[0108] Figure 4(a) shows the Na+ concentration in the topsoil layer (0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm) of winter wheat in saline-alkali soil under six different strip tillage patterns combined with straw return treatments. + From the heading stage to full maturity, the Na+ concentration first decreased and then increased. Under the strip tillage pattern, the Na+ concentrations in the 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm tillage layers were significantly lower in the WCSD and WCRD treatments compared to the WASD and WARD treatments at all growth stages. The Na+ concentration in the 0-20cm tillage layer was the lowest at the grain-filling stage (Fi). + For example, WCRD decreased by 3.88%, 14.78%, 22.78%, 18.23%, and 23.94% compared to WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. Na content also decreased at other growth stages and in different tillage depths. + The changes in these differences also conform to the above trend.

[0109] Figure 4(b) shows the topsoil layer (0-60 cm Na) of WCSD and WCRD winter wheat from the booting stage to full maturity. + All showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Overall, at all tillage depths, soil Na... + The changes showed an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing as the sampling points moved from the center line of the inner strip towards the edges of the two side strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6m). Compared with WCRD, both treatments showed consistent concentration of straw burial in the inner strips, but the WCRD treatment with the rotary tillage mode on both sides showed higher concentrations of Na in the 20-40cm topsoil layer. + The WCSD treatment was significantly lower than that of the deep tillage pattern on both sides. This suggests that strip rotary tillage may be more conducive to increasing soil cation exchange capacity during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land.

[0110] 2.6. A method to promote regional dominance in wheat for K + Impact

[0111] Figure 5(a) shows that, under the six treatment modes, the K content of winter wheat in saline-alkali soil with soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm... + From the booting stage to full maturity, the K values ​​showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Among the deep-plowing-based treatments (WCSD, WASD, WAS), the K values ​​of the WCSD and WASD treatments in winter wheat were significantly higher. + The content was significantly lower than that of WAS. (Based on the grouting period (Fi)K) + Taking 0-20cm as an example, WCSD was reduced by 7.63% and 5.95% compared to WASD and WA, respectively. Among rotary tillage-based treatments (WCRD, WARD, WAR), WCRD showed better performance than WARDK. + The content was significantly lower than that of WAR, reaching its lowest value during the grouting period. (Fi)K was used as the grouting period. +Taking 0-20cm as an example, WCRD decreased by 18.30% and 1.72% compared to WARD and WAR, respectively. K at other growth stages and different tillage depths... + The changes in these differences also conform to the above trend.

[0112] Figure 5(b) shows the topsoil layer (0-60 cm K) of WCSD and WCRD winter wheat from the booting stage to full maturity. + All showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Overall, at various tillage depths, soil K... + The changes showed an overall trend of slow decrease in sampling points from the inner strip centerline towards the edges of the two strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6m) followed by a rapid increase. Compared to WCRD, both WCSD and WCRD treatments showed consistent concentration of straw burial within the inner strips, but the WCRD treatment showed higher concentrations of K0 in the 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm tillage layers. + The levels were significantly lower than those in the WCSD treatment. This suggests that during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, strip rotary tillage may be more conducive to increasing lateral water movement within the topsoil, thereby increasing cation exchange capacity and thus K+. + It decreases horizontally.

[0113] 2.7 The impact of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on total soil nitrogen.

[0114] Figure 6(a) shows that the total nitrogen content in the 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm soil layers of winter wheat in saline-alkali land exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from the booting stage to the full maturity stage. Among the different tillage layers, the total nitrogen content in the topsoil (0-20cm) is higher than that in the middle (20-40cm) and deep (40-60cm) layers. Under the strip tillage pattern, WCSD and WCRD showed significantly lower total nitrogen content in all growth stages of the 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm soil layers compared to WASD and WARD. In each tillage layer, all six treatments reached their minimum values ​​at the grain-filling stage (Fi), with the WCRD treatment showing a significantly higher decrease than the other five treatments. Taking the grouting stage (Fi) of the 0-20cm soil layer as an example, WCRD decreased by 11.23%, 14.97%, 16.03%, 16.61%, and 23.11% compared with WCSD, WASD, WAS, WCSD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in total nitrogen content in soil at other growth stages and at different depths also conformed to the above trend.

[0115] As shown in Figure 6(b), the total nitrogen content in the topsoil (0-60 cm) of winter wheat in both WCSD and WCRD reached its highest value during the grain-filling stage, from the heading stage to the full maturity stage. Due to the difference in moisture content caused by strip tillage on both sides and concentrated burial of straw in the center, there are differences not only in the vertical direction but also in the horizontal direction. The concentrated burial of straw in the center promotes the horizontal movement of water, thus resulting in differences in the total nitrogen content of the soil in the horizontal direction. Overall, the analysis showed that at various tillage depths, the total nitrogen content in the soil exhibited a general trend of rapid increase followed by a slow decrease from the center line of the inner strip towards the edges of the outer strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6 m). This was particularly pronounced at the inner edges of the outer strips (within the range of 1.2-2.4 m) in the RDC treatment. However, as the outer strips extended outwards, the inhibitory effect of the central strip with concentrated straw incorporation decreased, leading to a significant decrease in total nitrogen. This trend was highly significant in the 20-40 cm tillage layer of the WCRD treatment. The concentration of straw incorporation in the inner strips was consistent in both the WCSD and WCRD treatments, but the total nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm tillage layer of the WCRD treatment was significantly lower than that of the WCSD treatment. This suggests that during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, strip rotary tillage may be more beneficial for increasing nitrogen absorption by plants and promoting winter wheat growth and development.

[0116] 2.8 The impact of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on soil available nitrogen.

[0117] Figure 7(a) shows that the available nitrogen in the soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm decreased from the heading stage to maturity for all six treatments. Compared to other treatments, the available nitrogen in the soil layer of 0-20cm was higher for all six treatments from the heading stage to maturity than for the 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers. Under the strip tillage pattern, the available nitrogen in the soil layers of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm was significantly lower in the WCSD and WCRD treatments compared to the WASD and WARD treatments at all growth stages. Taking the available nitrogen in the 0-20cm layer during the grain-filling stage (Fi) as an example, the WCRD treatment showed a decrease of 31.86%, 34.79%, 41.27%, 39.53%, and 42.04% compared to the WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR treatments, respectively. The differences in available nitrogen at other growth stages and tillage depths also conformed to the above trends.

[0118] As shown in Figure 7(b), the available nitrogen in the 0-60 cm tillage layer of winter wheat under both WCSD and WCRD treatments decreased from the heading stage to maturity. At different soil depths, the available nitrogen values ​​in the topsoil (0-20 cm) were higher in both SDC and RDC treatments than in the deeper layers (40-60 cm). The strip tillage on both sides of the plot and the concentrated burial of straw in the center caused differences in soil physicochemical properties not only in the longitudinal direction but also in the transverse direction. Compared with WCRD, the concentrated burial of straw in the strips was consistent in both WCSD and WCRD treatments, but the available nitrogen in the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm tillage layers of the WCRD treatment was significantly lower than that of the WCSD treatment. This indicates that during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, the strip rotary tillage pattern may be more conducive to increasing the utilization of available nitrogen in the topsoil.

[0119] 2.9 The impact of a method to promote regional wheat dominance on soil organic matter.

[0120] Figure 8(a) shows that, under the six different treatments, the organic matter content in the soil of winter wheat in saline-alkali land decreased at the 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm soil layers from the booting stage to maturity. Under the strip tillage pattern, the inner strip straw concentrated plowing and returning combination treatment (WCSD and WCRD) showed a significantly higher organic matter content at all growth stages in the 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm tillage layers compared to the strip uniform straw returning combination (WASD and WARD). Taking the booting stage (Bo) at the 0-20cm soil layer as an example, among the three treatments based on deep loosening (WCSD, WASD, and WAS), WCSD increased by 12.87% and 2.52% compared to WASD and WAS, respectively. Among the three treatments based on rotary tillage (WCRD, WARD, and WAR), WCRD increased by 17.56% and 7.91% compared to WARD and WAR, respectively, and WCRD increased by 1.18% compared to WCSD. The differences in organic matter at other growth stages and at different tillage depths also conform to the above trends.

[0121] As shown in Figure 8(b), the organic matter content in the 0-60 cm tillage layer of winter wheat under both WCSD and WCRD treatments decreased during the booting to full maturity stages. The highest organic matter content was found in the surface layer (0-20 cm) and the lowest in the deeper layer (40-60 cm). At the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers, the organic matter content in WCRD was not significantly higher than that in WCSD. The WCRD treatment significantly increased the organic matter content in the deeper tillage layers of the rotary tillage strips on both sides, playing a significant role in improving the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soils and contributing to wheat yield. Compared to WCRD, both treatments showed consistent straw incorporation within the strips. However, the organic matter content in the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm tillage layers of the WCRD treatment (rotary tillage with two strips) was higher than that of the SDC treatment (deep loosening tillage with two strips). This indicates that during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, the combination of strip rotary tillage and concentrated straw plowing and returning to the field in the inner strips is more conducive to the lateral transport of decomposing microorganisms and organic matter after straw is returned to the field.

[0122] 2.10. The impact of a method to promote regional advantage in wheat on the SPAD of winter wheat.

[0123] Figure 9(a) shows that, under different treatment modes, SPAD values ​​initially increased and then decreased from the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage, reaching their highest value during the grain-filling stage (Fi). Among the different treatments, the three treatments based on deep tillage showed higher SPAD values ​​for WCSD and WASD compared to WAS. Among the three treatments based on rotary tillage, WCRD and WARD showed higher SPAD values ​​compared to WAR. The treatment with concentrated inner strip straw plowing and returning to the field showed significantly higher SPAD values ​​at all growth stages compared to the treatment with uniform strip straw returning to the field. Taking the 0-20cm soil layer grain-filling stage (Fi) as an example, WCRD increased by 2.22%, 2.60%, 3.08%, 3.56%, and 4.67% compared to WCSD, WASD, WAS, WCRD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in SPAD values ​​at other growth stages also conformed to the above trends.

[0124] As shown in Figure 9(b), the SPAD values ​​of both WCSD and WCRD treatments during the flowering to waxy maturity stages of wheat showed an initial upward trend followed by a downward trend, with the highest SPAD value observed at the grain-filling (Fi) stage. In the WCSD treatment, SPAD values ​​from the midline of the inner strips towards the outer edges (0.0-3.6 m range) showed an initial upward trend followed by a downward trend, with the highest SPAD value observed at sampling point 2.4. In the WCRD treatment, SPAD values ​​from the midline of the inner strips towards the outer edges (0.0-3.6 m range) showed an initial slow upward trend followed by a slow downward trend, with the highest SPAD value observed at sampling point 1.8. At different growth stages, WCRD was higher than WCSD during the flowering to waxy maturity stages of winter wheat, indicating that WCRD treatment significantly reduces water loss. The outer strips, compared to the inner strips, maintain a higher leaf area index after flowering, promoting photosynthesis and playing a significant role in increasing wheat yield. This suggests that WCRD is more beneficial for chlorophyll accumulation after flowering during the spring wheat growth period in saline-alkali soils.

[0125] 2.11 The impact of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on photosynthesis in winter wheat populations

[0126] Figure 10(a) shows the trend of photosynthetic levels initially increasing and then decreasing under six different treatments from flowering to waxy maturity, with the highest population photosynthetic values ​​observed at the grain-filling stage (Fi). Among the different treatments, the strip tillage pattern (WCSD, WASD, WCRD, WARD) during the flowering to waxy maturity stage of winter wheat was significantly higher than that of WAS and WAR. Under the strip tillage pattern, the WCSD and WCRD treatments showed significantly higher population photosynthetic levels at all growth stages compared to the WASD and WCRD treatments. Comparing the six treatment patterns, taking the grain-filling stage (Fi) as an example, WCRD was 1.23%, 21.69%, 20.53%, 40.97%, and 122.45% higher than WCSD, WASD, WAS, WCRD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in population photosynthetic levels at other growth stages also conformed to the above trend.

[0127] Figure 10(b) shows that the photosynthetic rate of wheat canopy under both WCSD and WCRD treatments initially increased and then decreased during the flowering to waxy maturity stages. Overall analysis revealed that at each growth stage, the photosynthetic rate of the plant canopy exhibited a general trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the sampling points moved from the center of the inner strip to the edges of the outer strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6 m). This indicates that the concentrated burial of straw in the inner strips promotes the horizontal movement of chlorophyll, thereby promoting horizontal photosynthetic movement of the canopy. This promoting effect is significant at the inner edges of the outer strips (within the range of 1.2-3.0 m), but as the outer strips extend outwards, the promoting effect of the central straw-buried strips on canopy photosynthesis decreases, resulting in a significant decrease in plant canopy photosynthesis. This trend was highly significant in the WCSD treatment. This result demonstrates that the WCRD treatment can significantly increase the photosynthetic rate of the plant canopy in the outer rotary tillage strips, which is crucial for wheat yield formation. During the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, rotary tillage may be more conducive to reducing the vertical movement of soil moisture, increasing the horizontal movement of water, promoting the horizontal movement of chlorophyll, and thus promoting the horizontal movement of photosynthesis in the plant population.

[0128] 2.12. The effect of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on net photosynthesis in the flag leaf of winter wheat.

[0129] Figure 11(a) shows that, under different combination patterns, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves from the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. For example, during the grain-filling stage (Fi), compared to other treatments, the WCSD of the three treatments based on deep tillage increased by 4.70% and 5.16% compared to WASD and WAS, respectively. For the three treatments based on rotary tillage, the WCRD of the three treatments increased by 12.98% and 20.74% compared to WARD and WAR, respectively, and WCRD increased by 6.86% compared to WCSD. The differences in flag leaf net photosynthetic efficiency at other growth stages also conformed to the above trend.

[0130] Figure 11(b) shows that the net photosynthesis of flag leaf in both WCSD and WCRD first increased and then decreased from the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage. The net photosynthesis of flag leaf in both treatments reached its highest value during the wheat grain-filling stage. Overall, the analysis showed that at each growth stage, the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf exhibited a general trend of slowly increasing from the sampling point from the center line of the inner strip to the edges of the two side strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6m) and then rapidly decreasing. This indicates that the straw in the tillage layer after concentrated burial in the inner strips promotes the horizontal movement of chlorophyll, thereby promoting the movement of the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf in the horizontal direction. This promoting effect is obvious at the inner edge of the two side tillage strips (within the range of 1.2-3.0m), but as the two side tillage strips extend to the outer edge, the effect of the central straw-concentrated burial strip on promoting the net photosynthetic rate of a single leaf decreases, and the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf of the plant shows a significant decreasing trend. This trend is highly significant in the WCSD treatment, indicating that the WCSD treatment can significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf of the plant in the two side rotary tillage strips.

[0131] 2.13. The effect of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on stomatal conductance of winter wheat flag leaves.

[0132] Figure 12(a) shows that under six different tillage patterns, the stomatal conductance of winter wheat in saline-alkali land showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage. The stomatal conductance of each treatment was highest during the grain-filling stage, with no significant differences. Comparing stomatal conductance at different growth stages, among the deep tillage-based treatments (WCSD, WASD, WAS), the stomatal conductance content of WCSD and WASD was significantly higher than that of WAS, reaching its highest value during the grain-filling stage. For example, during the grain-filling stage (Fi), WCSD increased by 0.53% and 1.69% compared to WASD and WAS, respectively. Among the rotary tillage-based treatments (WCRD, WARD, WAR), the stomatal conductance of WCRD and WARD was higher than that of WAR, reaching its highest value during the grain-filling stage. For example, during the grain-filling stage (Fi), WCRD increased by 5.68% and 11.58% compared to WARD and WAR, respectively. The changes in stomatal conductance at other growth stages also conformed to the above trends.

[0133] As shown in Figure 12(b), the stomatal conductance of winter wheat under both WCSD and WCRD treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the flowering to waxy maturity stages, with the highest values ​​observed during the grain-filling stage in both treatments. Due to the differences in chlorophyll content caused by strip cultivation on both sides and concentrated central burial of straw, the stomatal conductance of plants within the plots differed not only vertically but also horizontally. In the WCSD treatment, stomatal conductance from the midline of the strips towards the outer edges (0.0-3.6 m range) showed a trend of first slowly increasing and then slowly decreasing, with the highest value observed at sampling point 2.4. In the WCRD treatment, stomatal conductance from the midline of the strips towards the outer edges (0.0-3.6 m range) also showed a trend of first slowly increasing and then slowly decreasing, with the highest value observed at sampling point 1.8. Compared to WCRD, both treatments showed consistent strip straw incorporation. However, the WCRD treatment with its two-sided strip rotary tillage pattern exhibited significantly higher stomatal conductance than the WCSD treatment with its two-sided deep tillage pattern. This suggests that rotary tillage may be more beneficial for increasing net photosynthetic rate during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, and that stomatal conductance is correlated with net photosynthetic rate.

[0134] 2.14 The effect of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on intercellular CO2 in the flag leaf of winter wheat

[0135] Figure 13(a) shows that intercellular CO2 decreased from the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage under six different strip tillage patterns and straw return treatments. Taking the grain-filling stage (Fi) as an example, there was no significant difference between the different treatments. For the three treatments based on deep tillage, WCSD increased by 0.10% and 5.62% compared to WASD and WAS, respectively. For the three treatments based on rotary tillage, WCRD increased intercellular CO2 by 5.69% and 9.64% compared to WARD and WAR, respectively, and WCRD increased by 7.74% compared to WCSD. The differences in intercellular CO2 at other growth stages also conformed to the above trends. In conclusion, implementing concentrated inner strip tillage of straw combined with outer strip rotary tillage (WCRD) is significantly more effective than other treatments, especially compared to WAS and WAR, in increasing intercellular CO2 in winter wheat in saline-alkali land.

[0136] As shown in Figure 13(b), the intercellular CO2 of winter wheat under both WCSD and WCRD treatments decreased from the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage. Due to the differences in chlorophyll content caused by strip tillage on both sides and concentrated straw burial in the center of the plot, the intercellular CO2 of plants within the plot showed significant differences not only in the vertical direction but also in the horizontal direction. In the WCSD treatment, the intercellular CO2 from the midline of the strips towards the two outer edges (0.0-3.6 m range) showed a trend of first slowly increasing and then rapidly decreasing. In the WCRD treatment, the intercellular CO2 from the midline of the strips towards the two outer edges (0.0-3.6 m range) also showed a trend of first slowly increasing and then rapidly decreasing. At different growth stages, WCRD treatment showed higher CO2 than WCSD treatment during the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage of winter wheat, indicating that the WCRD treatment significantly increased the intercellular CO2 in the rotary tillage strips on both sides. Compared to WCRD, both treatments showed consistent strip straw incorporation. However, the WCRD treatment with its two-sided strip rotary tillage pattern exhibited significantly higher intercellular CO2 levels than the WCSD treatment with its two-sided deep tillage pattern. This suggests that rotary tillage may be more conducive to increasing net photosynthetic rate during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali soils, and that intercellular CO2 is correlated with net photosynthetic rate.

[0137] 2.15. The effect of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on the flag leaf transpiration rate of winter wheat.

[0138] Figure 14(a) shows that the transpiration rate of the six different treatments initially increased and then decreased from the flowering stage to the waxy maturity stage, with no significant differences among the treatments. The highest value was observed during the grain-filling stage (Fi). Compared among the different treatments, the transpiration rates of the three treatments based on deep tillage (WCSD and WASD) were higher than those of WAS. The transpiration rates of the three treatments based on rotary tillage (WCRD and WARD) were higher than those of WAR. The strip-concentrated straw return combination (WCSD and WCRD) treatments showed significantly higher transpiration rates at all growth stages compared to the strip-uniform straw return combination (WASD and WARD). Among the six treatments, the WCRD treatment showed the highest transpiration rate at all growth stages, followed by WCSD. The WCRD treatment was 1.51%, 8.32%, 8.62%, 4.37%, and 10.10% higher than the other treatments (WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR), respectively. The differences in transpiration rates at other growth stages also conformed to the above trends. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of concentrated inner strip plowing and burying of straw combined with outer strip rotary tillage (WCRD) is significantly more effective than other treatments, especially WAS and WAR, in improving the transpiration rate of winter wheat in saline-alkali land.

[0139] As shown in Figure 14(b), the transpiration rates of winter wheat under both WCSD and WCRD treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from the flowering to the waxy ripening stage. The transpiration rates of both treatments reached their highest values ​​during the grain-filling stage. Overall, at each growth stage, the plant transpiration rate showed a general trend of decreasing as the sampling point increased from the inner strip midline towards the edges of the two side strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6 m). This indicates that the concentrated burial of straw in the inner strips of the topsoil promotes horizontal water movement, thereby promoting the horizontal movement of transpiration rates. Compared with WCRD, both WCSD and WCRD treatments had the same concentrated burial of straw in the inner strips, but the WCRD treatment with the two-side strip rotary tillage pattern showed a significantly higher plant transpiration rate than the WCSD treatment with the two-side deep loosening pattern. This suggests that during the spring wheat growth period in saline-alkali land, rotary tillage may be more conducive to lateral differences in photosynthesis, thus leading to lateral differences in plant transpiration rates.

[0140] 2.16. The impact of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on the dry matter content of winter wheat.

[0141] Figure 15(a) shows that under the six different treatments, the dry matter content of stems and leaves of winter wheat in saline-alkali land first increased and then decreased from the flowering stage to the full maturity stage, with the highest dry matter accumulation at the milk stage; the dry matter content of ears showed an increasing trend, with the highest dry matter accumulation at the full maturity stage. Among the different treatments, the dry matter accumulation of stems, leaves, and ears in the strip tillage treatments (WCSD, WASD, WCRD, WARD) from the flowering stage to the full maturity stage was significantly higher than that in the deep tillage (WAS) and rotary tillage (WAR) treatments. Under the strip tillage model, the dry matter accumulation of stems, leaves, and ears in the WCSD and WCRD treatments was significantly higher than that in the WASD and WARD treatments at all growth stages. Compared with the six treatments, the WCRD treatment showed the highest values ​​for stems, leaves, and ears at all growth stages. Taking stem dry matter accumulation at the milk stage as an example, WCRD increased by 12.49%, 4.70%, 0.19%, 19.95%, and 3.84% compared to WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. Taking leaf dry matter accumulation at the milk stage as an example, WCRD increased by 10.14%, 6.27%, -8.64%, -1.86%, and 10.61% compared to WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. Taking panicle dry matter accumulation at the fully mature stage as an example, WCRD increased by 14.13%, -3.11%, 14.62%, 8.60%, and 8.19% compared to WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in stem, leaf, and panicle dry matter accumulation at other growth stages also conformed to the above trends. It is evident that the combined treatment of concentrated inner strip plowing and burying of straw with outer strip rotary tillage (WCRD) is significantly more effective than other treatments, especially WAS and WAR, in increasing the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat plants.

[0142] As shown in Figures 15(b) and 15(c), the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat from flowering to maturity in both stems and leaves under WCSD and WCRD treatments showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, while the dry matter accumulation in the ears showed a decreasing trend. Due to the differences in water and photosynthetic performance caused by strip tillage on both sides and concentrated straw burial in the center of the plots, the dry matter accumulation in the plots showed significant differences in the horizontal direction. Overall, from flowering to maturity, the change in plant dry matter accumulation showed a general trend of slowly increasing from the inner strip centerline towards the edges of the two strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6m) and then rapidly decreasing. The WCRD treatment significantly increased the plant dry matter in the rotary tillage strips on both sides, which is crucial for wheat yield formation. Compared with WCRD, both treatments had the same concentrated straw burial in the inner strips, but the WCRD treatment showed a significantly higher plant dry matter accumulation than the WCSD treatment. This suggests that during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, rotary tillage may be more conducive to increasing the lateral variability in photosynthetic performance, thereby resulting in lateral variability in plant dry matter accumulation.

[0143] 2.17 The effect of a method to promote regional dominance in wheat on total nitrogen in winter wheat plants

[0144] Figure 16(a) shows that under the six treatments, the total nitrogen of stems and leaves of winter wheat in saline-alkali land decreased from flowering to maturity; the total nitrogen of ears first increased and then decreased, reaching its highest value during the grain-filling stage. Compared among the different treatments, the total nitrogen of stems, leaves, and ears of winter wheat treated with strip tillage (WCSD, WASD, WCRD, WARD) from flowering to maturity was significantly higher than that of deep tillage (WAS) and rotary tillage (WAR). Under the strip tillage model, the inner strip straw-intensive plowing and returning combination (WCSD and WCRD) treatments showed significantly higher values ​​of stems, leaves, and ears at all growth stages compared to the strip uniform straw returning combination (WASD and WARD). Taking the total nitrogen of the stem during the flowering stage as an example, the WCRD was 4.81%, 5.17%, 7.91%, 4.61%, and 9.40% higher than that of WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. Taking the total nitrogen of the leaves during the flowering stage as an example, the WCRD was 4.60%, 6.96%, 5.47%, 6.60%, and 10.34% higher than that of WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. Taking the total nitrogen of the panicle during the grain-filling stage as an example, the WCRD was 7.83%, 10.36%, 16.72%, 13.47%, and 23.59% higher than that of WCSD, WASD, WAS, WARD, and WAR, respectively. The differences in stem, leaf, and panicle nitrogen at other growth stages also conformed to the above trends. It is evident that the combined treatment of concentrated inner strip plowing and burying of straw with outer strip rotary tillage (WCRD) significantly improves the total nitrogen content of winter wheat plants compared to other treatments, especially compared to WAS and WAR treatments.

[0145] As shown in Figures 16(b) and 16(c), the total nitrogen in the stems and leaves of winter wheat under both WCSD and WCRD treatments decreased from flowering to maturity, while the total nitrogen in the ears initially increased and then decreased. Overall, from flowering to maturity, the total nitrogen in the plants exhibited a general trend of slowly increasing and then rapidly decreasing as the sampling points moved from the center of the inner strip towards the edges of the outer strips (within the range of 0.0-3.6 m). This indicates that the concentrated burial of straw in the inner strips promotes the horizontal movement of water and photosynthetic energy, thus promoting the movement of total nitrogen in the plant in the horizontal direction. This promoting effect is significant at the inner edges of the outer strips (within the range of 1.8-3.0 m), but as the outer strips extend outwards, the effect of the central strips with concentrated straw burial on promoting the movement of water and photosynthetic energy decreases, resulting in a significant decrease in total nitrogen. This result demonstrates that the WCRD treatment can significantly increase the total nitrogen in the outer rotary tillage strips, which plays an indispensable role in wheat yield formation. Compared to WCRD, both WCSD and WCRD treatments showed consistent concentration of straw incorporation within the plant strips. However, the WCRD treatment exhibited significantly higher total nitrogen levels in the plants compared to the WCSD treatment. This suggests that during the spring wheat growing season in saline-alkali land, rotary tillage may be more conducive to lateral differences in photosynthetic performance and dry matter, thereby promoting lateral differences in total nitrogen levels within the plants.

[0146] The present invention provides a method for promoting regional advantages of wheat. Its installation, connection or setting methods are all common mechanical methods, and any method that can achieve its beneficial effects can be implemented.

[0147] All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0148] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting regional advantages in wheat, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the wheat season into strips; each three adjacent strips form a plot, with plot dimensions of 30m × 7.2m and strip dimensions of 30m × 2.4m; Step 2: Evenly concentrate corn stalks from the wheat season into the inner strip: Concentrate the corn stalks from both sides into the inner strip, and evenly spread 3 times the amount of stalks in the inner strip; Step 3: Strip tillage during the wheat season: The straw is laid flat in the inner strip and the straw is tilled and mixed into the soil using a tiller; Step 4: Deep loosening or rotary tillage during the wheat season: After the straw plowing is completed, deep loosening or rotary tillage is carried out on the plot. Step 5: Wheat sowing. Wheat is sown using a wheat seeder. Step Six: Evenly return wheat straw to the field during the corn season: After the wheat harvest, crush the wheat straw, spread the straw evenly in each plot, and then carry out tillage. Step 7: Deep loosening or rotary tillage during the corn season: Deep loosening or rotary tillage of the plot; Step 8: Sowing corn.

2. The method for promoting regional advantages of wheat as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the straw tillage depth is 0-40cm.

3. The method for promoting regional advantages of wheat as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, after the corn stalks on both sides are crushed, the crushed stalks are concentrated in the inner strip, which has three times the amount of stalks. The stalks are then evenly spread on the inner strip.

4. The method for promoting regional advantages of wheat as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the wheat is sown in late October of the same year at a rate of 375 kg / hm². -2 Use N-P2O5-K2O fertilizer to sow together, apply urea at the wheat jointing stage, and flood irrigate once each at the wheat tillering and flowering stages. Field irrigation and pest and disease management are the same as for general high-yield fields.

5. The method for promoting regional advantages of wheat as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The N-P₂O₅-K₂O ratio is 18-16-6, and the dosage is 600 kg / hm. -2 Apply 225 kg / hm² of urea as a top dressing during the wheat jointing stage. -2 .

6. The method for promoting regional advantages of wheat as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The irrigation depth for the wheat during the tillering and flowering stages is 220 mm and 300 mm, respectively.

7. The method for promoting regional advantages of wheat as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step eight, the corn planting density is 72,000 plants per hectare. -2 The N-P2O5-K2O ratio of the humic acid compound fertilizer applied is 25-12-5, and the dosage is 600 kg / hm². -2 Apply 900 kg / hm² of topdressing fertilizer during the corn's peak heading stage. -2 .

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