A single expanded clay aggregate substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of cultivation technology, particularly to the field of IPC A01G31, and further to a single-component expanded clay substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture and its preparation method. By mass percentage, it comprises 50-60% volcanic rock, 8-12% high-viscosity attapulgite clay, 8-12% pore-forming agent, 8-12% bamboo charcoal powder, 8-12% minerals, and the balance being negative ion powder. The expanded clay substrate prepared by this invention has excellent water absorption and drainage performance. Its porous structure can simultaneously satisfy radial and lateral flow, achieving moisture retention while avoiding waterlogging during cultivation, making it suitable for modern hydroponic and drip irrigation cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultivation technology, particularly to the field of IPC A01G31, and further to a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Soilless cultivation technology not only meets the needs of crops for nutrients and air, but also allows for the regulation of these conditions, thereby better promoting crop growth. Because it eliminates the limitations of soil, it greatly expands the scope of crop production. In soilless cultivation, a substrate is indispensable. The raw materials for substrate production include both organic and inorganic substances. Currently, commonly used substrates are mostly blends of organic and inorganic materials. For example, Chinese patent CN201610358766 discloses a nutrient substrate for flower cultivation and its preparation method, including main materials and additives. The main materials include peat, perlite, and vermiculite, and the additives include a substrate moisture conditioner, a pH adjuster, and a nutrient initiator. The particle size of the peat, perlite, and vermiculite is ≥4mm. However, peat is a non-renewable resource in the short term, and over-exploitation will cause environmental degradation; while perlite and vermiculite have heat retention, water retention, and insulation properties, they are low in nutrients. In addition, rock wool and coconut coir are also commonly used matrix raw materials. However, high-end rock wool and coconut coir are mostly imported and need to be replaced regularly, and their waste will seriously pollute the environment. Besides, the use of different raw material matrixes for compounding also has the problems of complex and diverse operations, unstable properties, inconsistent effects, and resource waste due to the inability to recycle.

[0003] Therefore, developing a high-performance substrate to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, make up for the lack of substrate resources, and reduce production costs would be more conducive to the adjustment of my country's planting structure and the development of agricultural modernization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first aspect of this invention provides a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, comprising, by weight percentage, 50-60% volcanic rock, 8-12% high-viscosity attapulgite clay, 8-12% pore-forming agent, 8-12% bamboo charcoal powder, 8-12% minerals, and the remainder being negative ion powder.

[0005] In some preferred embodiments, the single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture comprises, by weight percentage, 54-56% volcanic rock, 9-11% high-viscosity attapulgite clay, 9-11% pore-forming agent, 9-11% bamboo charcoal powder, 9-11% minerals, and the remainder being negative ion powder.

[0006] Preferably, the particle size of the volcanic rock is <6mm.

[0007] Preferably, the particle size of the volcanic rock is 1-3 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the pore-forming agent is selected from at least one of fly ash, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, sawdust, bamboo shavings, and straw.

[0009] Preferably, the pore-forming agent is fly ash.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the fly ash is 1000-1400 mesh.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the bamboo charcoal powder is 200-400 mesh.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments, the minerals include at least three types: maifanite, boromagnesia, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore.

[0013] Preferably, the silicon dioxide content in the maifanite is ≥60wt%.

[0014] Preferably, the boron trioxide content in the boromagnesia is ≥10wt%.

[0015] Preferably, the manganese ore contains ≥45wt% manganese.

[0016] Preferably, the zinc ore contains ≥40 wt% zinc.

[0017] Preferably, the molybdenum ore contains ≥10 wt% molybdenum.

[0018] Preferably, the minerals include maifanite, boromagnesia, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of the maifanite, boromagnesite, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore is (2-7):(0.5-3):(0.5-3):(1-3):(1-3).

[0020] To obtain a single-use expanded clay substrate, the applicant, through extensive research, discovered that in the presence of volcanic rock, when the mineral composition includes at least three of the following: maifanite, borosilicate, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore, and under the action of a pore-forming agent, after high-temperature calcination, a stable, easy-to-clean, reusable expanded clay substrate that promotes crop growth can be obtained. Based on this, the applicant further discovered that in the system of this application, when the particle size of the volcanic rock is 1–3 mm, and the mineral composition includes maifanite, borosilicate, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore, and the mass ratio of maifanite, borosilicate, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore is (2–7):(0.5–3):(0.5–3):(1–3):(1–3), the prepared expanded clay substrate has good water absorption and drainage performance, achieving moisture retention while avoiding waterlogging problems during planting. The applicant hypothesizes that under specific conditions, the combustion and expansion of minerals and pore-forming agents within small particles allow them to be uniformly loaded into the pores of volcanic rock, resulting in a ceramsite matrix with both micropores and macropores. This creates a hard outer surface and a porous interior, effectively increasing the specific surface area and porosity of the ceramsite matrix. Consequently, this improves its water absorption and drainage performance. Simultaneously, it enhances the ion exchange and adsorption properties of the ceramsite matrix, increasing its adsorption of pollutants in water. Furthermore, and more importantly, the varying pore sizes provide a certain degree of slow-release effect, further promoting crop growth.

[0021] Preferably, the pore-forming agent is selected from at least one of fly ash, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, sawdust, bamboo shavings, and straw.

[0022] Preferably, the pore-forming agent is fly ash.

[0023] Preferably, the particle size of the fly ash is 1000-1400 mesh.

[0024] Preferably, the particle size of the negative ion powder is 500-700 mesh.

[0025] A second aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) Weigh each raw material according to the mass percentage, mix them evenly, pulverize them into powder, and sieve them;

[0027] (2) After the sieved powder is mixed with water evenly, it is granulated to obtain granules;

[0028] (3) The granulated particles are calcined at high temperature to obtain ceramsite matrix;

[0029] (4) After high-temperature roasting and cooling, it is washed with distilled water to obtain the product.

[0030] Preferably, the sieve mesh size is 100 to 200 mesh.

[0031] Preferably, the sieve mesh size is 150 mesh.

[0032] Preferably, the amount of water added is 18-28% of the total mass of the sieved powder.

[0033] Preferably, the amount of water added is 23% of the total mass of the sieved powder.

[0034] Preferably, the diameter of the particles is <10mm.

[0035] Preferably, the diameter of the particles is 3 to 8 mm.

[0036] Preferably, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 900–1400°C, and the high-temperature calcination time is 2–4 hours.

[0037] Preferably, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 1000-1200℃, and the high-temperature calcination time is 3 hours.

[0038] Preferably, the washing with distilled water should be performed until the washing solution is colorless and transparent and has a pH of 6-7.

[0039] Beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. In this application, when the particle size of the volcanic rock is 1-3 mm and the minerals include maifanite, boromagnesia, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore, and the mass ratio of the maifanite, boromagnesia, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore is (2-7):(0.5-3):(0.5-3):(1-3):(1-3), the prepared ceramsite matrix has good water absorption and drainage performance, achieving moisture retention while avoiding water accumulation problems during planting.

[0041] 2. This application controls the silica content in maifanite to be ≥60wt%, the boron trioxide content in boromagnesite to be ≥10wt%, the manganese content in manganese ore to be ≥45wt%, the zinc content in zinc ore to be ≥40wt%, and the molybdenum content in molybdenum ore to be ≥10wt%. This ensures that the prepared ceramsite matrix can meet the trace element requirements of crops when used alone, and can release nutrients slowly, effectively promoting root development and nutrient absorption of crops, thus having good effects.

[0042] 3. This application also includes bamboo charcoal powder and negative ion powder, which can release far-infrared rays and negative oxygen ions while adjusting the pore structure and specific surface area of ​​the ceramsite matrix, thereby achieving adsorption, antibacterial and algae-inhibiting effects, and also benefiting plant photosynthesis.

[0043] 4. In the process of preparing the ceramsite matrix, this application controls the following steps in steps (1) and (2): the sieve mesh size is 100-200 mesh, the amount of water added is 18-28% of the total mass of the sieved powder, and the particle diameter is <10mm. In particular, when the sieve mesh size is 150 mesh, the amount of water added is 23% of the total mass of the sieved powder, and the particle diameter is 3-8mm, the pore-forming effect of the pore-forming agent can be fully utilized during the calcination process, thereby increasing the number of pores and the strength of the pore structure in the ceramsite matrix.

[0044] 5. In this application, when the high-temperature calcination temperature is controlled at 900-1400℃ and the high-temperature calcination time is 2-4h; especially when the high-temperature calcination temperature is 1000-1200℃ and the high-temperature calcination time is 3h, the prepared ceramsite matrix has more pore structures, and avoids the destruction of pore structures and the powdering of ceramsite matrix, thereby reducing the loss of ceramsite matrix. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 The image shows the hydroponic effect of the expanded clay substrate prepared in Example 1.

[0046] Figure 2 This image shows the effect of hydroponics using conventional expanded clay (Stanley) granules. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Example 1 provides a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, which, by mass percentage, includes 55% volcanic rock, 10% high-viscosity attapulgite clay, 10% pore-forming agent, 10% bamboo charcoal powder, 10% minerals, and the remainder negative ion powder.

[0049] The volcanic rock has a particle size of 1-3 mm and was purchased from Henan Yuyan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0050] The high-viscosity attapulgite clay was purchased from Changzhou Dingbang Mineral Products Technology Co., Ltd.

[0051] The pore-forming agent is fly ash.

[0052] The fly ash has a particle size of 1250 mesh and was purchased from a reputable supplier of Hebei Jinghang Mining products.

[0053] The bamboo charcoal powder has a particle size of 300 mesh and was purchased from Zhejiang Jiuyan Charcoal Industry Co., Ltd.

[0054] The minerals include maifanite, boromagnesia, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore.

[0055] The mass ratio of the maifanite, boromagnesite, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore is 5:1:1:1.5:1.5.

[0056] The maifanite contained 66.95 wt% silica and was purchased from Shijiazhuang Tourmaline Mineral Products Co., Ltd.

[0057] The boron-magnesium oxide contained 12 wt% boron trioxide and was purchased from Liaoning Tiandong Chemical Group Co., Ltd.

[0058] The manganese ore contained 50 wt% manganese and was purchased from Henan Jiahe Water Purification Materials Co., Ltd.

[0059] The zinc ore contained 40 wt% zinc and was purchased from Guangzhou Delun New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

[0060] The molybdenum ore contained 50 wt% molybdenum and was purchased from Nanning Biaohong Trading Co., Ltd.

[0061] The negative ion powder has a particle size of 600 mesh and was purchased from Hebei Beiyan New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0062] A method for preparing a single expanded clay aggregate substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) Weigh each raw material according to the mass percentage, mix them evenly, pulverize them into powder, and sieve them;

[0064] (2) After the sieved powder is mixed with water evenly, it is granulated to obtain granules;

[0065] (3) The granulated particles are calcined at high temperature to obtain ceramsite matrix;

[0066] (4) After high-temperature roasting and cooling, it is washed with distilled water to obtain the product.

[0067] The sieve mesh size is 150 mesh.

[0068] The amount of water added is 23% of the total mass of the sieved powder.

[0069] The particle has a diameter of 5 mm.

[0070] The high-temperature roasting temperature is 1100℃, and the high-temperature roasting time is 3 hours.

[0071] The washing with distilled water should continue until the washing solution is colorless and transparent and has a pH of 6-7.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] Example 2 provides a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, which, by mass percentage, includes 56% volcanic rock, 11% high-viscosity attapulgite clay, 11% pore-forming agent, 11% bamboo charcoal powder, 11% minerals, and the remainder being negative ion powder.

[0074] The volcanic rock has a particle size of 1-3 mm and was purchased from Henan Yuyan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0075] The high-viscosity attapulgite clay was purchased from Changzhou Dingbang Mineral Products Technology Co., Ltd.

[0076] The pore-forming agent is fly ash.

[0077] The fly ash has a particle size of 1250 mesh and was purchased from a reputable supplier of Hebei Jinghang Mining products.

[0078] The bamboo charcoal powder has a particle size of 300 mesh and was purchased from Zhejiang Jiuyan Charcoal Industry Co., Ltd.

[0079] The minerals include maifanite, boromagnesia, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore.

[0080] The mass ratio of the maifanite, boromagnesite, manganese ore, zinc ore, and molybdenum ore is 5:1:1:1.5:1.5.

[0081] The maifanite contained 66.95 wt% silica and was purchased from Shijiazhuang Tourmaline Mineral Products Co., Ltd.

[0082] The boron-magnesium oxide contained 12 wt% boron trioxide and was purchased from Liaoning Tiandong Chemical Group Co., Ltd.

[0083] The manganese ore contained 50 wt% manganese and was purchased from Henan Jiahe Water Purification Materials Co., Ltd.

[0084] The zinc ore contained 40 wt% zinc and was purchased from Guangzhou Delun New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

[0085] The molybdenum ore contained 50 wt% molybdenum and was purchased from Nanning Biaohong Trading Co., Ltd.

[0086] The negative ion powder has a particle size of 600 mesh and was purchased from Hebei Beiyan New Materials Co., Ltd.

[0087] A method for preparing a single expanded clay aggregate substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture includes the following steps:

[0088] (1) Weigh each raw material according to the mass percentage, mix them evenly, pulverize them into powder, and sieve them;

[0089] (2) After the sieved powder is mixed with water evenly, it is granulated to obtain granules;

[0090] (3) The granulated particles are calcined at high temperature to obtain ceramsite matrix;

[0091] (4) After high-temperature roasting and cooling, it is washed with distilled water to obtain the product.

[0092] The sieve mesh size is 150 mesh.

[0093] The amount of water added is 23% of the total mass of the sieved powder.

[0094] The particle has a diameter of 5 mm.

[0095] The high-temperature roasting temperature is 1100℃, and the high-temperature roasting time is 3 hours.

[0096] The washing with distilled water should continue until the washing solution is colorless and transparent and has a pH of 6-7.

[0097] Comparative Example 1

[0098] Comparative Example 1 provides a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture. Its specific implementation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the mass percentage of minerals is 20%.

[0099] A method for preparing a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, the specific implementation method of which is the same as in Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] Comparative Example 2 provides a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture. Its specific implementation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the mass percentage of the pore-forming agent is 20%.

[0102] A method for preparing a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, the specific implementation method of which is the same as in Example 1.

[0103] Comparative Example 3

[0104] Comparative Example 3 provides a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, and its specific implementation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0105] A method for preparing a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture is described, with the specific implementation method being the same as in Example 1, except that the high-temperature calcination temperature is 1400℃.

[0106] Comparative Example 4

[0107] Comparative Example 4 provides a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture, and its specific implementation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0108] A method for preparing a single ceramsite substrate for soilless cultivation in smart agriculture is described, with the specific implementation method being the same as in Example 1, except that the high-temperature calcination temperature is 1000℃.

[0109] Performance testing:

[0110] 1. The physical properties test results are shown in Table 1.

[0111] 2. The cultivation effect of the ceramsite matrix prepared in Example 1 is shown in Table 2.

[0112] 3. The hydroponic effects of the expanded clay substrate prepared in Example 1 and the hydroponic effects of conventional expanded clay (Stanley) are shown in the figure. Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0113] Table 1

[0114]

[0115] Table 2

[0116]

[0117]

Claims

1. A single ceramist substrate for smart agriculture soilless cultivation, characterized by, The volcanic rock is 55%, the high-viscosity attapulgite clay is 10%, the pore-forming agent is 10%, the bamboo charcoal powder is 10%, the mineral substance is 10%, and the negative ion powder is the rest, by mass percentage; The volcanic rock has a particle size of 1-3 mm; The pore-forming agent is fly ash, the fly ash has a particle size of 1250 mesh, and the bamboo charcoal powder has a particle size of 300 mesh; The mineral substance includes medical stone, boryline, manganese ore, zinc ore and molybdenum ore, and the mass ratio of the medical stone, the boryline, the manganese ore, the zinc ore and the molybdenum ore is 5:1:1:1.5:1.5; The medical stone contains 66.95wt% of silicon dioxide, the boryline contains 12wt% of boron trioxide, the manganese ore contains 50wt% of manganese, the zinc ore contains 40wt% of zinc, the molybdenum ore contains 50wt% of molybdenum, and the negative ion powder has a particle size of 600 mesh; The preparation method of the single ceramic aggregate substrate for the smart agricultural soilless culture includes the following steps: (1) The raw materials are weighed according to the mass percentage, mixed uniformly, pulverized into powder, and sieved; (2) The sieved powder is mixed with water, granulated to obtain granules; (3) The granules are high-temperature calcined to obtain the ceramic aggregate substrate; (4) After high-temperature calcination, the ceramic aggregate substrate is cooled and washed with distilled water to obtain the single ceramic aggregate substrate for the smart agricultural soilless culture; The sieving mesh number is 150 mesh, and the water is added in an amount of 23% of the total mass of the sieved powder; The diameter of the granules is 5 mm, the high-temperature calcination temperature is 1100℃, and the high-temperature calcination time is 3h; The ceramic aggregate substrate is washed with distilled water until the washing liquid is colorless and transparent and has a pH of 6-7.

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