A reservoir landslide surge early warning system and method utilizing slope radar

Abstract

A reservoir landslide surge early warning system and method utilizing slope radar includes a guy wire displacement meter installed on the landslide, a slope radar on the opposite bank of the landslide, power supply equipment for powering the guy wire displacement meter and radar, remote data transmission equipment placed on the power supply equipment, audible and visual early warning equipment installed in densely populated residential areas, and a computer located in a workstation. The method for landslide surge early warning and forecasting, when used in conjunction with the equipment in the system, overcomes the high delay and high error defects of existing landslide surge early warning methods, enabling accurate and real-time early warning and forecasting of landslide surges.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a reservoir landslide surge early warning system and method utilizing slope radar. Background Technology

[0002] After the completion of large-scale water conservancy projects, many slopes in the reservoir area gradually became unstable due to various factors such as rock mass deterioration and changes in groundwater levels caused by periodic fluctuations in reservoir water levels, leading to frequent reservoir landslides. The collapse and landslide of unstable reservoir slopes, impacting the water body, generates swells. These swells propagate long distances within the reservoir area, threatening navigation channels and human activity zones along the banks. For example, during the Qianjiangping landslide on July 13, 2003, the leading edge of the landslide reached the right bank of the Qinggan River, instantly creating a swell exceeding 30 meters, causing houses to collapse, the Qinggan River to stop flowing, resulting in more than 10 casualties and significant direct economic losses. In July 2013, the Huangping landslide occurred at the Xiluodu Reservoir, with swells causing 12 deaths. In June 2015, a landslide in an area of ​​the Daning River in Wushan County generated a 6-meter-high swell, causing 13 boats to capsize, resulting in 2 deaths and 4 serious injuries.

[0003] Current landslide surge warning systems primarily rely on landslide early warning forecasts, with landslide instability defined as the occurrence of a landslide surge event. However, current landslide early warning systems cannot accurately predict the timing of landslides; they rely on fluctuations in stress-displacement monitoring data to determine instability a certain time in advance, making them probabilistic forecasts. Furthermore, during a landslide, most monitoring equipment on the slope and within the slope is damaged and rendered inoperable, making it impossible to promptly confirm the landslide's damage area and mode of destruction, or to determine its velocity and failure pattern, or accurately predict the height of the landslide surge and the areas threatened. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a reservoir landslide surge early warning system and method using slope radar, which solves the problems of existing landslide surge early warning systems that cannot accurately predict the time of landslide occurrence, cannot promptly confirm the mode of damage, cannot promptly determine the speed of landslide and the damage plan, and cannot accurately predict the wave height of landslide surges and the threatened area.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A reservoir landslide surge warning system utilizing slope radar includes multiple rope-type displacement gauges installed on the slope where the landslide occurs, a data acquisition and transmission module, and multiple anchor rods inserted into the slope. The pull rings in the rope-type displacement gauges are connected to the anchor rods. On the opposite bank of the landslide slope, a surge sensing unit, a slope radar, and a data acquisition and transmission module are installed. The rope-type displacement gauges transmit the detected data to a computer through the data acquisition and transmission module, and the surge sensing unit and the slope radar transmit the detected data to the computer through the data acquisition and transmission module.

[0007] A method for a reservoir landslide surge early warning system utilizing slope radar includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Multiple rope displacement gauges collect local deformation data of the landslide in real time. The data acquisition and transmission module transmits the data to a remote computer. The computer automatically compares each set of data transmitted by each rope displacement gauge. When the displacement of a certain set of data exceeds the displacement threshold, the slope radar and surge sensing unit are activated.

[0009] S2. Once activated, the slope radar immediately enters working mode to monitor the landslide in real time, obtains high-precision deformation information of the landslide slope, and transmits the slope deformation information to a remote computer in real time through the data acquisition and transmission module.

[0010] S3. The surge sensing unit, which is activated along with the slope radar, obtains the depth of the reservoir water level in real time.

[0011] S4. The computer uses the slope deformation data obtained by the slope radar and the water depth obtained by the surge sensing unit to calculate the landslide surge. When the landslide surge calculation result reaches a certain critical value, the computer sends an early warning message to the audible and visual early warning system.

[0012] S5. The sound and light early warning system is working, broadcasting information about the surge caused by the landslide instability, and notifying people within the disaster area to evacuate;

[0013] S6. The first wave is transmitted to the real-time water level measurement unit. The wave height data is collected and sent to the remote computer. The computer searches for the maximum wave height value and automatically verifies whether the warning is reasonable. If the calculation result is too small, the warning range is expanded.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. The present invention has a simple structure and the software and hardware work together to effectively improve the efficiency of data acquisition and processing. For the hardware, it can acquire enough data with the lowest energy consumption, which fully avoids the defect of most monitoring systems that require power supply from the power grid. Moreover, the slope radar has a wide monitoring range and high accuracy, and in some areas, one set of equipment can monitor multiple landslides.

[0016] 2. This invention has a real-time surge disaster detection function. Once a landslide becomes unstable, the full early warning and forecasting system immediately enters working mode. It uses continuous and high-precision automatic data acquisition from slope radar to calculate, detect, and predict landslide surges. The entire process is intelligent and requires no manual intervention, effectively avoiding the shortcomings of manual inspection. It can achieve an alarm at the first moment when landslide surges occur, and through the collaborative work of the real-time water level measurement unit, it can effectively avoid missed or false alarms.

[0017] 3. This invention features real-time and rapid prediction of landslide surge disasters. Displacement gauges continuously monitor landslide slope displacement data. Once activated, the landslide instability radar and real-time water level measurement unit quickly enter measurement mode, continuously transmitting data to a remote computer. The computer uses pre-entered landslide surge calculation formulas to calculate the propagation wave height, stores the calculation results, and if the calculated value exceeds the disaster threshold, it quickly sends a warning to the audible and visual alarm system. The alarm system broadcasts disaster information. After the first surge wave peak reaches the opposite bank, the computer verifies the calculation results and calibrates the broadcast information. The two calculations of landslide surge data from different sources effectively avoid false alarms of landslide surge disasters, improving prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the initial forecast is calculated from landslide instability data. Compared to early warning based on surge occurrence, directly obtaining landslide deformation data and calculating and forecasting from the landslide itself offers higher real-time performance.

[0018] 4. This invention has the function of real-time monitoring of landslide surge waves and dynamic calculation of surge waves. During the process of landslide instability and entry into water, the thickness of the landslide body into the water, the length and width of the landslide body on the water-facing side are all changing in real time, and surge waves are continuously generated along with this process. This system and method can monitor the entry of the landslide body into the water in real time and obtain relevant parameters and transmit them to a remote computer, realizing the dynamic calculation of landslide surge waves and improving the accuracy of early warning and forecasting.

[0019] 5. This invention has an extremely high equipment fault tolerance rate. The landslide monitoring unit, composed of slope radar and rope displacement gauge, and the real-time measurement unit, composed of water level gauge and water pressure gauge, are relatively independent. Even if any part fails, landslide surge disasters can still be predicted. However, if the slope radar does not participate in the operation, the data obtained by the water level measurement unit will delay the broadcast time, and the evacuation time of the population will be relatively reduced. But this also greatly ensures that the landslide surge forecast information can be transmitted to the population in the disaster area, and the forecast capability will not fail due to equipment failure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2This is a system composition diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the process of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1 is the data acquisition and transmission module, 2 is the power supply equipment, 3 is the cable, 4 is the pull rope displacement gauge, 5 is the pull rope of the displacement gauge, 6 is the anchor bolt on the landslide, 7 is the potential hazards such as ships in the waterway, 8 is the surge sensing unit, 9 is the slope radar, and 10 is the data acquisition and transmission module. Detailed Implementation

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the components and functions of the landslide surge monitoring and early warning system are as follows:

[0026] This includes landslide deformation monitoring units installed in the field, landslide surge sensing units installed on pile foundations, landslide surge identification and calculation units installed on computer terminals, and early warning units installed in the landslide surge impact area.

[0027] I. Landslide Deformation Monitoring Unit: Composed of a rope displacement meter 4, a slope radar 9, a power supply device 2, a cable 3, a data acquisition and transmission module 1, and a data acquisition and transmission module 10.

[0028] 1. The fixed end of the pull rope displacement meter 4 is set on the fixed base in the stable area outside the rear edge boundary of the landslide. The pull ring of the pull rope displacement meter 4 is connected to the anchor rod 6 that has been driven into the landslide in advance. The direction of movement of the pull rope of the pull rope displacement meter 4 should be consistent with the main sliding direction of the landslide. 2-3 rods are arranged on the main section of a single landslide, one at the front edge and one at the rear edge.

[0029] 2. The anchor rod 6 used to fix the movable end of the guy wire displacement meter must be installed at a depth that meets the conditions of 0.2m in rock strata and 0.5m in soil strata. Threaded screws are welded to the free end of the anchor rod to connect and fix the pull head of the displacement meter. The exposed guy wire is protected by a PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 1.6cm and buried underground. The burial depth is user-defined. One end of the pipe is tightly welded to the bulletproof breakage mechanism of the fixed end of the displacement meter, and the other end is welded to the anchor rod.

[0030] 3. The data acquired by the displacement gauge 4 is first transmitted to the data acquisition and transmission module 1 via cable 3, and then wirelessly transmitted to a remote computer via GPRS.

[0031] 4. The data acquired by the slope radar 9 is first transmitted to the data acquisition and transmission module 10 via cable, and then wirelessly connected to the computer via the 5G communication module.

[0032] 5. The power supply equipment 2 consists of solar panels, battery packs, and cables.

[0033] II. Surge sensing unit 8: including a water level gauge and a water pressure gauge installed on the pile foundation.

[0034] III. Landslide Surge Identification and Calculation Unit: The landslide surge identification unit includes a signal receiving module, a landslide instability discrimination module, and a surge discrimination module. The landslide surge calculation unit includes a signal receiving module, a surge calculation module, a surge prediction module, and a signal sending module.

[0035] IV. Early warning unit in the landslide surge area: The landslide surge early warning unit includes a signal receiving module and an audible and visual early warning device.

[0036] The surge sensing unit and the slope radar are activated or deactivated simultaneously, collecting water level and water pressure data and transmitting them to a remote computer.

[0037] All cables must be protected by PVC pipes to prevent damage, ensure unimpeded and low-latency data transmission, and enable real-time and accurate monitoring of the landslide status.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific process of the landslide surge monitoring and early warning method is as follows:

[0039] This method achieves fully automated early warning and forecasting without human intervention, enabling remote control and providing accurate real-time predictions. The key points of this method are described in detail below, along with the workflow of the remote control system (e.g., Figure 3 ).

[0040] S1, slope radar 9, water level gauge, and water pressure gauge activation: Each displacement gauge 4 installed on the landslide collects real-time displacement data of the landslide surface and transmits it to a remote computer via GPRS. Search for the maximum displacement S. max S max Exceeding the critical displacement value S y0 (S y0 Generally, it can be set to 5mm). The landslide instability judgment module determines that the landslide has shown a tendency to become unstable locally or as a whole, and activates the slope radar 9 and the surge sensing unit 8 to obtain relevant data on the landslide and water level. S2, Selection and setting of landslide instability and alarm threshold: After the slope radar is started, it monitors the landslide in real time, obtains the deformation data of the landslide at the mm level, and transmits it to the remote computer in real time via 5G. The alarm threshold (user-defined alarm threshold) determines whether the landslide is unstable and whether landslide surge has occurred.

[0041] During the installation of the slope radar 9, it is necessary to determine and set its alarm threshold, which directly affects the accuracy of the forecast. The following three methods are provided for obtaining the alarm threshold: 1) Using engineering geological analogy: The alarm threshold for the landslide is set using a large amount of existing monitoring data; 2) Experimental method: After the slope radar is installed, it is immediately turned on to collect deformation data at the monitoring point, and the velocity alarm threshold is set to be slightly greater than or greater than the velocity over the past few days. When setting the alarm threshold, the number of alarm points should be determined in conjunction with the engineering geological conditions of the monitored target; 3) Fixed value method: Directly set to the currently commonly used landslide instability alarm threshold of 1 m / s.

[0042] S3. After the landslide deformation rate reaches the alarm threshold, the landslide instability is confirmed. The landslide surge calculation module is activated to calculate the wave height propagating into the water for landslides with gentle slopes, the wave height propagating into the water for landslides with steep slopes, and the wave arrival time.

[0043] Formula 1 - The formula for calculating the wave height propagation during the sliding into the water in a gently dipping landslide is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula:

[0046] H x —The height (m) of the propagating wave that travels along the river to a certain point;

[0047] x — Distance (m) from a point along the route to the landslide point;

[0048] h — water depth.

[0049] g—acceleration due to gravity (m);

[0050] l — Length of landslide body into water (m);

[0051] w — width of the landslide body entering the water (m);

[0052] t — thickness of landslide body into water (m);

[0053] v — the maximum velocity (m / s) during the landslide's entry into the water;

[0054] α — Inclination angle of the sliding surface (°);

[0055] b — The width of the river channel at the landslide inlet section (m);

[0056] lt / bh — Relative unit width volume of landslide;

[0057] w / b ———Relative width of the landslide.

[0058] Formula 2 - The formula for calculating the wave height propagation after a steep-angle landslide entering the water is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula:

[0061] H (x) — Wave height (m) in the parallel propagation zone;

[0062] α — Angle of entry of the landslide body into the water (°);

[0063] v — the maximum velocity (m / s) during the landslide's entry into the water;

[0064] x — The distance (m) from the calculation point along the center line of the river channel to the point where the landslide enters the water;

[0065] h — water depth (m);

[0066] V S — Volume of the sliding body (m³) 3 );

[0067] s ——— Average thickness of the sliding body (m);

[0068] w ——— Width of the sliding body (m);

[0069] ρ — density of landslide mass (kg / m³) 3 );

[0070] ρ w —Water density (kg / m³) 3 ).

[0071] Formula 3 - The formula for calculating the arrival time of swells is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula:

[0074] T — Wave arrival time (s);

[0075] g—acceleration due to gravity (m);

[0076] x — Distance (m) from a point along the route to the landslide point;

[0077] h — water depth (m).

[0078] S4. In landslide surge formulas 1 and 2, the following parameters are considered: distance x from the hazard point to the landslide, inclination angle α of the sliding surface, gravitational acceleration g, width of the river channel at the landslide entry point b, density of the landslide mass ρ, and density of the water mass ρ. wAll data was entered directly by staff during the installation of the landslide surge calculation module; the maximum velocity v, the length l of the landslide entering the water, and the width w of the landslide entering the water were directly obtained from the slope radar; the water depth h was obtained from the water level gauge; and the volume V of the landslide deformation zone was obtained. s The data is obtained as follows: the computer identifies the deformation area by acquiring data from the slope radar and matches it with the pre-recorded landslide profile data of the area. Based on the engineering geological conditions of the landslide area, the fixed thickness of the damaged area (Equation 1-t, Equation 2-s) is selected, and a three-dimensional model of the damaged area is constructed to obtain the volume of the landslide instability.

[0079] S5. Finally, the real-time water depth is searched to calculate the surge wave generated by the landslide instability. If the wave height reaches the residential area and exceeds the alarm threshold of 0.5m, the information of the landslide surge wave event is immediately sent to the audible and visual early warning system in the area threatened by the surge wave. Residents receive the first warning information, which must include the arrival time of the surge wave and the height of the propagating wave.

[0080] S6. After the warning information is sent, the computer starts to search for the maximum value of the water level gauge and self-calibrates the surge calculation results. If it is too small, the warning range is expanded immediately; if it is too large, the original warning range is maintained.

[0081] The specific implementation measures of the present invention have been described in detail above. Personnel responsible for landslide and surge warning events can make accurate and timely early warnings and forecasts of landslide and surge disasters without complex creative work. Users of this system and method can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar, characterized in that: The system includes an early warning system, which comprises multiple rope-type displacement gauges (4) installed on the slope where the landslide is located, a data acquisition and transmission module (1), and multiple anchor rods (6) inserted into the slope. The pull rings in the rope-type displacement gauges (4) are connected to the anchor rods (6). On the opposite bank of the landslide slope, a surge sensing unit (8), a slope radar (9), and a data acquisition and transmission module (10) are installed. The rope-type displacement gauges (4) transmit the detected data to the computer through the data acquisition and transmission module (1), and the surge sensing unit (8) and the slope radar (9) transmit the detected data to the computer through the data acquisition and transmission module (10). The method includes the following steps: S1. Multiple rope displacement gauges (4) collect local deformation data of the landslide in real time. The data is transmitted to a computer at a remote end using the data acquisition and transmission module (1). The computer automatically compares each set of data transmitted by each rope displacement gauge (4). When the displacement of a certain set of data is greater than the displacement threshold, the slope radar (9) and the surge sensing unit (8) are activated. S2. After the slope radar (9) is started, it immediately enters the working state to monitor the landslide in real time, obtains high-precision deformation information of the landslide slope deformation, and transmits the slope deformation information to the remote computer in real time through the data acquisition and transmission module (10). S3. The surge sensing unit (8), which is turned on along with the slope radar (9), obtains the depth of the reservoir water level in real time. S4. The computer uses the slope deformation data obtained by the slope radar (9) and the water depth obtained by the surge sensing unit (8) to calculate the landslide surge. When the landslide surge calculation result reaches a certain critical value, the computer sends an early warning message to the sound and light early warning system. S5. The sound and light early warning system is working, broadcasting information about the surge caused by the landslide instability, and notifying people within the disaster area to evacuate; S6. The first wave is transmitted to the real-time water level measurement unit. The wave height data is collected and sent to the remote computer. The computer searches for the maximum wave height value and automatically verifies whether the warning is reasonable. If the calculation result is too small, the warning range is expanded.

2. The method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surge sensing unit (8) includes a water level gauge and a water pressure gauge.

3. A method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and transmission module (1) is a GPRS communication module.

4. A method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and transmission module (10) is a 5G communication module.

5. A method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar according to claim 1, characterized in that: Landslide surge calculation includes the calculation of wave height propagation when landslides with gentle slopes slide into water, the calculation of surge waves when landslides with high slopes, and the calculation of surge wave arrival time.

6. A method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar according to claim 5, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the wave height propagation after a landslide with a gentle slope enters the water is: In the formula: H ｘ —The height (m) of the propagating wave that travels along the river to a certain point; x — Distance (m) from a point along the route to the landslide point; h—water depth; g—acceleration due to gravity (m); l — Length of landslide body into water (m); w ——— Width of the landslide body entering the water (m); t — thickness of landslide body into water (m); v — the maximum velocity (m / s) during the landslide's entry into the water; α — Inclination angle of the sliding surface (°); b — The width of the river channel at the landslide inlet section (m); lt / bh — Relative unit width volume of landslide; w / b ———Relative width of the landslide.

7. A method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar according to claim 5, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the surge wave of a high-angle landslide is: In the formula: H （x） — Wave height (m) in the parallel propagation zone; α — Angle of entry of the landslide body into the water (°); v — the maximum velocity (m / s) during the landslide's entry into the water; x — The distance (m) from the calculation point along the center line of the river channel to the point where the landslide enters the water. h — water depth (m); V S — Volume of the sliding body (m³) ３ ); s — Average thickness of the sliding body (m); w ——— Width of the sliding body (m); ρ — density of landslide mass (kg / m³) ３ ); ρ ｗ —Water density (kg / m³) ３ ).

8. A method for early warning of reservoir landslide surges using slope radar according to claim 5, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the arrival time of a surge is: In the formula: T — Surge arrival time (s); g—acceleration due to gravity (m); x — Distance (m) from a point along the route to the landslide point; h — water depth (m).

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