A castor oil seed grain harvester integrated with shelling and cleaning functions and a harvesting method

Abstract

The application discloses a castor-oil-seed grain harvester integrated with a shelling and cleaning function, which comprises a moving body, a harvesting table part, a material conveying part, a shelling and cleaning part and a collecting box arranged on the moving body; a material output mechanism is connected between the shelling and cleaning part and the collecting box; the shelling and cleaning part comprises a capsule cleaning mechanism and a shelling and cleaning mechanism arranged in an up-down mode; the shelling part of the shelling and cleaning mechanism comprises a feeding hopper, a shelling roller and an arc-shaped extruding plate, and the shelling roller is provided with a spiral protruding part. The capsule cleaning mechanism and the shelling and cleaning mechanism are arranged, the castor-oil-seed capsules are cleaned by the capsule cleaning mechanism first, then the castor-oil-seed capsules are shelled and the seed grains are cleaned by the shelling and cleaning mechanism, the shelling and cleaning difficulty can be effectively reduced, the seed grains with low impurity content are directly obtained and sent into the collecting box, and the shelling roller with the flexible double-spiral protruding structure is used for shelling in the shelling process, so that the shelling process is gentle and the seed grains are not easily damaged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a castor-oil plant seed harvesting machine integrated with shelling and cleaning functions and a harvesting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, castor-oil plant harvesting at home and abroad is mainly carried out in a segmented manner, i.e., castor-oil plant capsules are first harvested in the field, then shelled and cleaned in a site, and finally castor-oil plant seeds are obtained to complete the harvesting of castor-oil plant, as shown in the prior application CN114424709A filed by the applicant, which discloses a device capable of harvesting and cleaning castor-oil plant capsules.

[0003] In addition, patent CN103650756A discloses a scissor-type castor-oil plant seed harvesting machine, which directly cuts a part of castor-oil plant stems, feeds the castor-oil plant stems directly into a shelling cylinder for shelling, and then screens out castor-oil plant seeds through a riddle and a cleaning screen, and uses an elevator to transport the castor-oil plant seeds to a storage bin. The shortcomings of this scheme are as follows: (1) it is difficult to clean the castor-oil plant seeds due to the presence of a large amount of impurities, such as stems and leaves, and capsule shells; (2) it is difficult to shell due to the feeding of stems into the shelling cylinder, so a shelling cylinder with a large force is needed to beat the material to make the castor-oil plant capsules burst open, so that the castor-oil plant seeds can be shelled out, which is easy to damage the castor-oil plant seeds and reduce the harvesting quality. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a castor-oil plant seed harvesting machine integrated with shelling and cleaning functions and a harvesting method, which can complete the shelling of castor-oil plant in the field and has low difficulty in cleaning castor-oil plant seeds and is not easy to damage the seeds.

[0005] Technical scheme: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the castor-oil plant seed harvesting machine integrated with shelling and cleaning functions comprises a mobile body, the mobile body is provided with a harvesting table part, a material conveying part, a shelling and cleaning part and a collecting box arranged in sequence from front to back; a material output mechanism for conveying seeds is connected between the shelling and cleaning part and the collecting box.

[0006] The shelling and cleaning part comprises a capsule cleaning mechanism and a shelling and cleaning mechanism arranged in an up-down manner; the shelling part of the shelling and cleaning mechanism comprises a feeding hopper, a shelling cylinder and an arc-shaped extrusion plate, the shelling cylinder is provided with a spiral protruding part, and the spiral protruding part is made of soft rubber.

[0007] Further, the spiral protruding part on the cylinder body is a double-spiral structure.

[0008] Further, the cross section of the spiral protruding part has a circular arc top portion, and the middle is high and the two ends are low.

[0009] Further, the harvesting platform part comprises multiple groups of row harvesting assemblies arranged in parallel in the left-right direction, and a transverse collection auger arranged at the rear side of all the row harvesting assemblies; each group of the row harvesting assemblies comprises two counter-rotating roller brushes and a longitudinal conveying auger arranged below the roller brushes.

[0010] Further, the collection box is controllably rotatable relative to the mobile body, so that the collection box can pour out the grains therein.

[0011] Further, the shelling and cleaning mechanism comprises a vibrating screen and a fan.

[0012] The shelling and cleaning mechanism further comprises a recycling mechanism capable of sending the material discharged from the tail of the vibrating screen back to the feeding hopper.

[0013] Further, the recycling mechanism comprises a transverse conveying mechanism and a lifting conveying mechanism, wherein the transverse conveying mechanism is arranged in front of and behind the lifting conveying mechanism.

[0014] A harvesting method of castor bean grain harvesting machine, which is based on the castor bean grain harvesting machine integrated with a shelling and cleaning function; the method comprises the following steps: the harvesting platform part brushes the castor bean capsules on the castor bean crops to obtain material containing castor bean capsules and impurities; the material conveying part conveys the material obtained by the harvesting platform part to the rear of the capsule cleaning mechanism; the capsule cleaning mechanism cleans the castor bean capsules and discharges the impurities to the rear, and the cleaned castor bean capsules fall into the shelling and cleaning mechanism; the shelling and cleaning mechanism shells the castor bean capsules to separate the grains from the shells, and cleans the grains to obtain grains with low impurity content; and the material output mechanism conveys the grains to the collection box.

[0015] Beneficial effects: the castor bean grain harvesting machine integrated with a shelling and cleaning function and the harvesting method can effectively reduce the shelling difficulty and the grain cleaning difficulty, directly obtain grains with low impurity content and send the grains into the collection box, and use the shelling drum with a flexible double-helix protruding structure to shell the castor bean capsules, so that the shelling process is gentle and the grains are not easily damaged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the castor bean grain harvesting machine integrated with a shelling and cleaning function;

[0017] Figure 2 FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of the shelling and cleaning part;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the dehulling and cleaning mechanism in the dehulling and cleaning section;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the shelling drum;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the harvesting platform section.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Mobile machine body; 2-Harvesting platform section; 21-Row harvesting assembly; 211-Roller brush; 22-Transverse collecting auger; 3-Material conveying section; 4-Capsule cleaning mechanism; 5-Shelling and cleaning mechanism; 51-Shelling roller; 51a-Spiral protrusion; 52-Arc-shaped extrusion plate; 53-Vibrating screen; 54-Fan; 55-Recycling mechanism; 55A-Transverse conveying mechanism; 551-Scraper; 552-First chain assembly; 55B-Lifting conveying mechanism; 553-Hopper; 554-Second chain assembly; 56-Grain conveying auger; 57-Box body; 58-Primary moving part; 510-Feed hopper; 6-Collection box; 7-Material output mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1 The castor bean seed harvester shown integrates dehulling and cleaning functions. It includes a mobile body 1, on which a harvesting platform 2, a material conveying section 3, a dehulling and cleaning section, and a collection box 6 are arranged sequentially from front to back. A material output mechanism 7 for conveying seeds is connected between the dehulling and cleaning section and the collection box 6. Figure 2 As shown, the dehulling and cleaning section includes a capsule cleaning mechanism 4 and a dehulling and cleaning mechanism 5 arranged vertically. The capsule cleaning mechanism 4 is used to separate the castor bean capsules from branches and leaves and other impurities. The castor bean capsules cleaned by the capsule cleaning mechanism 4 enter the dehulling and cleaning mechanism 5, which dehulls the castor bean capsules and cleans the seeds. The structure of the capsule cleaning mechanism 4 is described in the applicant's prior application CN114424709A, and will not be elaborated here.

[0024] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the shelling and cleaning mechanism 5 includes a shelling section and a cleaning section. The shelling section includes a feed hopper 510, a shelling roller 51, and an arc-shaped extrusion plate 52. Figure 4 As shown, the shelling roller 51 has a spiral protrusion 51a, which is made of soft rubber strip and is fixed to the cylinder 51b by adhesive bonding.

[0025] When the hulls are removed, the castor capsules enter the hull-removing cylinder 51 and the arc-shaped extrusion plate 52 through the feed hopper 510, and are alternately extruded by the cylinder body 51b and the spiral protrusions 51a, which can increase the probability of breaking the capsule shells and make the broken capsules fall out through rubbing, thereby improving the hull-removing effect and gently removing the hulls to effectively avoid damaging the seeds.

[0026] With the above structure, the castor capsules are first cleaned by the capsule cleaning mechanism 4 and then subjected to hull removal and seed cleaning by the hull-removing and cleaning mechanism 5, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of seed cleaning and directly obtain seeds with low impurity content and send them into the collection box 6.

[0027] The spiral protrusions 51a on the cylinder body 51b are double-spiral structures. By arranging the double-spiral structures, the process of tight (the first spiral protrusion 51a acts on the castor capsule) - loose (the outer wall of the cylinder body between the two spiral protrusions 51a acts on the castor capsule and rotates the castor capsule by a small angle) - tight (the second spiral protrusion 51a acts on the castor capsule) can be achieved each time the castor capsule is pressed, so that the cracks in the castor capsule can be enlarged after the first extrusion and the second extrusion near the cracked position, thereby improving the breaking efficiency, and the seeds can be removed from the shells as soon as possible through the long-time rubbing of the cylinder body 51b.

[0028] The cross section of the spiral protrusion 51a has a circular arc top, which is high in the middle and low at both ends. In this way, the process of the spiral protrusion 51a acting on the castor capsule is smooth and the extrusion force gradually increases, which can avoid damaging the castor capsule.

[0029] As shown in Figure 5 The harvesting platform part 2 includes a plurality of groups of row harvesting assemblies 21 arranged in parallel in the left-right direction, and a transverse collection auger 22 transversely arranged at the rear side of all the row harvesting assemblies 21. Each group of row harvesting assemblies 21 includes two roller brushes 211 rotating at the same speed in opposite directions and a longitudinal conveying auger arranged below the roller brushes 211. The material brushed off by the roller brushes 211 is conveyed backward through the longitudinal conveying auger and enters the material tank where the transverse collection auger 22 is located, and the transverse collection auger 22 collects the material to the inlet of the material conveying part 3.

[0030] The collection box 6 can be controllably rotated relative to the mobile body 1 to enable the collection box 6 to pour out the seeds therein.

[0031] The cleaning part of the shelling and cleaning mechanism 5 comprises a vibrating screen 53 and a fan 54. The materials falling from the shelling part can be winded by the fan 54 to remove most of the impurities and empty husks, and retain the grains and the castor capsules with less broken or unbroken.

[0032] The shelling and cleaning mechanism 5 further comprises a recycling mechanism 55 capable of sending the materials discharged from the tail of the vibrating screen 53 back to the feeding hopper 510. The unbroken castor capsules can be sent back to the feeding hopper 510 by the recycling mechanism 55 to be shelled again by the shelling drum 51 and the arc-shaped pressing plate 52, so as to effectively reduce the loss and improve the recovery rate of castor grains.

[0033] Preferably, the recycling mechanism 55 comprises a transverse conveying mechanism 55A and a lifting conveying mechanism 55B. The transverse conveying mechanism 55A is arranged in front of and behind the lifting conveying mechanism 55B. The transverse conveying mechanism 55A is located below the grain conveying auger 56, and the conveying direction of the transverse conveying mechanism 55A is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the grain conveying auger 56.

[0034] The shelling and cleaning mechanism 5 further comprises a box 57. The feeding hopper 510, the shelling drum 51, the arc-shaped pressing plate 52, the vibrating screen 53, the fan 54, the grain conveying auger 56 and the recycling mechanism 55 are all installed in the box 57, and the material output mechanism 7 is located outside the box 57. The transverse conveying mechanism 55A and the lifting conveying mechanism 55B are both L-shaped and located at the bottom and the front wall of the box 57, respectively. The shelling drum 51, the arc-shaped pressing plate 52, the vibrating screen 53, the fan 54 and the grain conveying auger 56 are all installed in the corner space between the transverse conveying mechanism 55A and the lifting conveying mechanism 55B. A prime mover 58 is further arranged in the corner space closest to the corner. The prime mover 58 directly or indirectly drives all the moving parts of the shelling and cleaning mechanism 5 to operate. The above structure can effectively improve the compactness of the structure, so that the shelling and cleaning mechanism 5 does not significantly increase the size of the harvester.

[0035] Specifically, the transverse conveying mechanism 55A includes a first chain assembly 552 with a plurality of scrapers 551, the lower half of the first chain assembly 552 is a conveying section, and the scrapers 551 on the lower half move against the bottom of the box 57. The lifting conveying mechanism 55B includes a second chain assembly 554 with a plurality of hoppers 553, the front half of the second chain assembly 554 is a lifting section, and the front end of the hoppers 553 on the lifting section abuts against the front side wall of the box 57, and the other three sides of the hoppers 553 have a baffle. The bottom rear side of the box 57 has a slope, and the bottom front side has a concave receiving groove. The material falling from the rear side of the vibrating screen 53 is guided to the rear end of the transverse conveying mechanism 55A by the slope, the scrapers 551 on the first chain assembly 552 can push the material from the rear to the front against the bottom of the box 57 to the receiving groove, and the hoppers 553 on the second chain assembly 554 convey the material in the receiving groove upward until the material is guided into the feed hopper 510 by passing around the upper end of the second chain assembly 554, and the front side wall of the box 57 maintains the material from falling out of the hoppers 553.

[0036] A castor bean harvesting method based on the castor bean harvesting machine integrated with the shelling and cleaning function; the method comprises: the harvesting platform portion 2 brushes the castor bean capsules on the castor bean crop to obtain material with castor bean capsules and impurities; the material conveying portion 3 conveys the material obtained by the harvesting platform portion 2 backward to the capsule cleaning mechanism 4; the capsule cleaning mechanism 4 cleans the castor bean capsules and discharges the impurities backward, and the cleaned castor bean capsules fall into the shelling and cleaning mechanism 5; the shelling and cleaning mechanism 5 shells the castor bean capsules to separate the kernels from the shells, and cleans the kernels to obtain kernels with low impurity content; and the material output mechanism 7 conveys the kernels to the collection box 6.

[0037] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A castor-oil-seed harvester integrated with a dehulling and cleaning function, comprising a mobile body (1) having, from front to back, a harvesting table section (2), a material conveying section (3), a dehulling and cleaning section, and a collection tank (6) arranged in sequence; a material output mechanism (7) for conveying seeds is connected between the dehulling and cleaning section and the collection tank (6); characterized in that: the dehulling and cleaning section comprises a capsule cleaning mechanism (4) and a dehulling and cleaning mechanism (5) arranged in an up-down manner; the dehulling part of the dehulling and cleaning mechanism (5) comprises a feeding hopper (510), a dehulling roller (51), and an arc-shaped extrusion plate (52), the dehulling roller (51) has helical protrusions (51a), and the helical protrusions (51a) are made of soft rubber; the helical protrusions (51a) are double-helical structures; when the double-helical structures press the castor-oil capsules, the process includes: the first helical protrusions (51a) act on the castor-oil capsules to make them split; the outer wall of the cylinder between the two helical protrusions (51a) acts on the castor-oil capsules to make them rotate; the second helical protrusions (51a) act on the castor-oil capsules to press them again near the split position after the first extrusion, so as to promote the increase of the split; the castor-oil capsules pass through the double-helical structures and then pass through the cylinder (51b) for a long time of rubbing to make the seeds come out of the shells.

2. The castor seed grain harvester integrated with dehusking and cleaning functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the cross section of the helical protrusions (51a) has a circular arc top, and the middle is high and the two ends are low.

3. The castor seed grain harvester integrated with dehusking and cleaning functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the harvesting table section (2) comprises multiple groups of row harvesting assemblies (21) arranged in parallel in the left-right direction, and further comprises a transverse collection auger (22) transversely arranged at the back side of all the row harvesting assemblies (21); each group of row harvesting assemblies (21) comprises two counter-rotating roller brushes (211) and a longitudinal conveying auger arranged below the roller brushes (211).

4. The castor seed grain harvester integrated with dehusking and cleaning functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the collection tank (6) can be controllably rotated relative to the mobile body (1) so that the collection tank (6) can pour out the seeds therein.

5. The castor seed grain harvester integrated with dehusking and cleaning function as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the cleaning part of the dehulling and cleaning mechanism (5) comprises a vibrating screen (53) and a fan (54); the dehulling and cleaning mechanism (5) further comprises a recycling mechanism (55) capable of sending the material discharged from the tail of the vibrating screen (53) back to the feeding hopper (510).

6. The castor seed grain harvester integrated with dehusking and cleaning function as claimed in claim 5 wherein, the recycling mechanism (55) comprises a transverse conveying mechanism (55A) and a lifting conveying mechanism (55B), the transverse conveying mechanism (55A) is arranged in front of and behind, and the lifting conveying mechanism (55B) is located at the front side of the transverse conveying mechanism (55A).

7. A harvesting method of castor seed grain harvester integrated with the shelling and cleaning function based on any one of claims 1-6; characterized in that, The method comprises: the harvesting platform part (2) brushing the castor plant on the castor capsule to obtain material with castor capsule and impurities; the material conveying part (3) conveying the material obtained by the harvesting platform part (2) to the capsule cleaning mechanism (4) backward; the capsule cleaning mechanism (4) cleaning the castor capsule and discharging the impurities backward, and the cleaned castor capsule falling into the shelling and cleaning mechanism (5); the shelling and cleaning mechanism (5) shelling the castor capsule to separate the kernel from the shell, and cleaning the kernel to obtain the kernel with low impurity content; and the material output mechanism (7) conveying the kernel to the collection box (6).

Images