Turbocharged diesel engine compression ratio adjusting device

Abstract

The application discloses a turbocharged diesel engine compression ratio adjusting device, which comprises a cylinder sleeve lifting unit, a lifting guide unit and a self-adaptive adjusting unit. The upper oil cylinder of the cylinder sleeve lifting unit is fixed between the lower side of an upper plate and the upper side of a cylinder cover at both ends, and the lower oil cylinder is fixed between the lower side of a cylinder sleeve flange and the upper side of a frame at both ends. A plurality of cylinder sleeve ring inner holes are embedded and fixed in the lower part of the outer edge of the cylinder sleeve, and the outer circles of the plurality of cylinder sleeve rings are in gap cooperation with the cylinder sleeve mounting holes of the upper part of the frame. The upper and lower ends of the lifting guide unit are fixedly connected with both ends of the upper plate and the upper side of the frame, and the self-adaptive adjusting unit comprises a control cylinder and a signaling mechanism. The application enables the compression ratio of the diesel engine to change adaptively with the change of the load of the diesel engine. The power and economy of the diesel engine at low load are remarkably improved, the knocking of the diesel engine is avoided, and the safety of the diesel engine operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a diesel engine compression ratio adjustment device, and more particularly to a device that changes the compression ratio of a turbocharged diesel engine by altering the distance between the cylinder head and the top surface of the engine frame, belonging to the field of diesel engine technology. Background Technology

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown, the diesel engine compresses the air in the combustion chamber by the upward movement of piston 10, increasing the temperature inside the combustion chamber until it reaches the ignition point of diesel fuel. Diesel fuel is then injected into the combustion chamber, where it burns and performs work, pushing piston 10 downward and driving crankshaft 30 to rotate via connecting rod 20. The compression ratio refers to the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber when piston 10 is at bottom dead center to the volume of the combustion chamber when piston 10 is at top dead center, approximately equal to... Figure 1 The ratio of the distance A1 between the upper surface of piston 10 and the lower surface of cylinder head 1 when piston 10 is at bottom dead center to the distance A2 between the upper surface of piston 10 and the lower surface of cylinder head 1 when piston 10 is at top dead center. When piston 10 is at top dead center, the compression ratio of the diesel engine increases as the distance between the lower surface of cylinder head 1 and the upper surface of piston 10 decreases.

[0003] Increasing the compression ratio of a diesel engine raises the temperature and pressure within the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke, which is beneficial for the ignition of the injected diesel fuel and effectively improves the engine's power and fuel economy. However, when turbocharged diesel engines operate at high loads (≥80% of rated load), the high boost air pressure makes them highly susceptible to knocking due to excessively high compression ratios. The compression ratio of a diesel engine should be between 12 and 22 and cannot be changed. To avoid knocking under high loads, the compression ratio is typically controlled between 15 and 17.

[0004] The compression ratio of existing turbocharged diesel engines remains constant. Under low-load conditions (0-30% of rated load) and medium-load conditions (30%-80% of rated load), the compression ratio is also 15-17. Although this can avoid knocking, the compression ratio of 15-17 is not the optimal design, and the economy and power of turbocharged diesel engines need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compression ratio regulating device for turbocharged diesel engines that increases the compression ratio as the diesel engine operating load increases.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] The application discloses a turbocharged diesel engine compression ratio adjusting device, which comprises a cylinder head, a cylinder gasket, a cylinder sleeve, a cylinder sleeve lifting unit, a lifting guide unit, a self-adaptive adjusting unit and a control unit, the lower side of the cylinder head is fixed on the top end of the cylinder sleeve through the cylinder gasket, and the upper and lower ends of a connecting rod are respectively hinged to a piston and a crank journal of a crankshaft; the cylinder sleeve lifting unit comprises an upper plate, a pair of upper oil cylinders, a pair of lower oil cylinders, an electromagnetic reversing valve and a plurality of cylinder sleeve rings, the length of the upper plate matches the outer diameter of the cylinder head, the piston rod of the upper oil cylinder faces downward, the piston rod of the lower oil cylinder faces upward, the two ends of the upper oil cylinder are respectively fixed between the lower side of the upper plate and the upper side of the cylinder head, the two ends of the lower oil cylinder are respectively fixed between the lower side of a cylinder sleeve flange and the upper side of a frame, the inner holes of the plurality of cylinder sleeve rings arranged in an upper and lower interval are respectively embedded and fixed in the outer edge of the lower part of the cylinder sleeve, and the outer circles of the plurality of cylinder sleeve rings are respectively matched with the cylinder sleeve mounting holes on the upper part of the frame in a clearance fit mode; the input pipeline of the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with a hydraulic source, and the output pipelines of the electromagnetic reversing valve are respectively connected with the rod cavity and the rodless cavity corresponding to the pair of upper oil cylinders and the pair of lower oil cylinders; the upper and lower ends of the lifting guide unit are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the upper plate and the upper side of the frame; the self-adaptive adjusting unit comprises a control cylinder and a signaling mechanism, the control cylinder is fixed on the upper side of one end of the frame, and the signaling mechanism is arranged between the upper end of the piston rod of the control cylinder and the outer edge of the adjacent cylinder head; and the signal lines of the control unit are respectively connected with the electromagnetic reversing valve and the signaling mechanism.

[0008] The technical scheme can further realize the purpose of the application.

[0009] Further, the lifting guide unit comprises two guide rods and a plurality of fastening nuts, the upper ends of the guide rods respectively extend out of the two ends of the upper plate, are respectively clamped and fixed on the two ends of the upper plate through the two fastening nuts on the upper side of the upper plate and the fastening nut on the lower side of the upper plate, are respectively matched with the guide holes corresponding to the outer edge of the cylinder head in a clearance fit mode, and the lower ends of the guide rods are respectively fixed on the corresponding positions on the upper side of the frame.

[0010] Further, the electromagnetic reversing valve is a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, the middle position of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve functions as an m type in a middle position unloading mode, the output pipeline of the hydraulic source is connected with the input end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, the first output end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is divided into four paths, two paths of the four paths are respectively connected with the rodless cavities of the upper oil cylinders through hoses, and the other two paths are respectively connected with the rod cavities of the lower oil cylinders through hoses, the output pipeline of the second output end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is also divided into four paths, two paths of the four paths are respectively connected with the rod cavities of the upper oil cylinders through hoses, and the other two paths are respectively connected with the rodless cavities of the lower oil cylinders through hoses; and the signal lines of the control unit are respectively connected with the electromagnets at the two ends of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve.

[0011] Further, the control cylinder is a single-acting cylinder reset by a spring, the pressurized exhaust gas is connected with the rodless cavity of the control cylinder through a gas delivery pipe, and the bottom of the control cylinder is fixed on the top surface of the frame through a support; the signaling mechanism comprises a signaling assembly and a trigger rod assembly, the signaling assembly comprises a vertical insulating rod and upper and lower signal rods arranged in parallel, the lower end of the vertical insulating rod is screwed into the top end of the piston rod of the control cylinder, and the middle portions of the upper and lower signal rods are respectively fixedly connected with the upper portion of the vertical insulating rod; the trigger rod assembly comprises a horizontal trigger rod and a right-angle rod, the contact at one end of the horizontal trigger rod is located between the upper trigger block at the inner side of one end of the upper signal rod and the lower trigger block at the inner side of one end of the lower signal rod; when the diesel engine is in an idle state, the upper and lower sides of the contact are equidistant from the corresponding upper and lower trigger blocks by a distance A, the upper end of the right-angle rod is fixedly connected with the other end of the horizontal trigger rod perpendicularly, and the lower end of the right-angle rod is fixed on the outer edge of the cylinder head; the terminal post at the other end of the horizontal trigger rod, the terminal post at the other end of the upper signal rod and the terminal post at the other end of the lower signal rod are respectively connected with signal lines leading to the control unit.

[0012] The present application has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, easy maintenance, and the like. The pressure change of the pressurized exhaust gas at different loads of the diesel engine drives the lifting of the piston rod of the control cylinder, and then drives the upper and lower signal rods of the signaling assembly to move up and down, and then the contact at one end of the horizontal trigger rod in contact with the upper trigger block of the upper signal rod or the lower trigger block of the lower signal rod sends a signal to the control unit, and the control unit sends an instruction to control the switching of the electromagnetic switching valve or the unloading in the middle position, so that the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders drive the cylinder head, the cylinder gasket and the cylinder sleeve to move up and down through the extension and contraction of the piston rod, thereby making the compression ratio of the diesel engine change adaptively with the load change of the diesel engine. The compression ratio is high at low load, the compression ratio is improved at medium load, and the compression ratio is low at high load. The power and economy of the diesel engine at low load are significantly improved, the knocking of the diesel engine is avoided, and the safety of the diesel engine in operation is improved.

[0013] The advantages and features of the present application will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, which are given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application;

[0015] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part I of DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] As Figure 1As shown, the present application comprises a cylinder head 1, a cylinder gasket 2, a cylinder liner 3, a cylinder liner lifting unit 4, a lifting guide unit 5, an adaptive adjustment unit 6 and a control unit 7, the cylinder head 1 is fixed on the top end of the cylinder liner 3 through the cylinder gasket 2, and the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod 20 are respectively hinged to the piston 10 and the crank journal 31 of the crankshaft 30.

[0018] The cylinder liner lifting unit 4 comprises an upper plate 41, a pair of upper oil cylinders 42, a pair of lower oil cylinders 43, an electromagnetic reversing valve 44 and three cylinder liner rings 45, the length of the upper plate 41 matches the outer diameter of the cylinder head 1, the upper oil cylinder piston rod 421 faces downward, and the lower oil cylinder piston rod 431 faces upward, the two ends of the upper oil cylinder 42 are respectively fixed between the lower side of the upper plate 41 and the upper side of the cylinder head 1, the two ends of the lower oil cylinder 43 are respectively fixed between the lower side of the cylinder liner flange 31 and the upper side of the frame 40, and the inner holes of the three cylinder liner rings 45 arranged in upper and lower intervals are respectively embedded and fixed in the lower part of the outer edge of the cylinder liner 3, and the outer circles of the three cylinder liner rings 45 are respectively in clearance fit with the cylinder liner mounting holes 401 of the upper part of the frame 40.

[0019] The electromagnetic reversing valve 44 is a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, the middle position of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve functions as an m-type middle position unloading, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of the hydraulic source 46. The output pipeline 461 of the hydraulic source 46 is connected with the input end 441 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, and the oil return end 444 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with the hydraulic oil tank 47 through an oil return pipeline. The output pipeline 462 of the first output end 442 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is divided into four paths, two of which are respectively connected with the rodless chambers of the upper oil cylinders 42 through the hoses 463, and the other two are respectively connected with the rod chambers of the lower oil cylinders 43 through the hoses 462. The output pipeline 462 of the second output end 443 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is also divided into four paths, two of which are respectively connected with the rod chambers of the upper oil cylinders 42 through the hoses 463, and the other two are respectively connected with the rodless chambers of the lower oil cylinders 43 through the hoses 462. The signal line 71 of the control unit 7 is respectively connected with the electromagnets 445 at both ends of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve.

[0020] The upper and lower ends of the lifting guide unit 5 are fixedly connected with the two ends of the upper plate 41 and the upper side of the frame 40 respectively. The lifting guide unit 5 comprises two guide rods 51 and three fastening nuts 52 matched with each guide rod 51 respectively. The upper ends of the guide rods 51 extend out of the two end heads of the upper plate 41, are clamped and fixed on the two end heads of the upper plate 41 through the two fastening nuts 52 on the upper side of the upper plate 41 and the one fastening nut 52 on the lower side of the upper plate 41 respectively, and the lower ends of the guide rods 51 are screwed into the corresponding positions on the upper side of the frame 40. When the application is assembled, the end heads of the guide rods 51 on the upper side of the upper plate 41 are elongated through the hydraulic pre-stressed tensioners and then locked by the two fastening nuts 52, so that the upper plate 41, the two guide rods 51 and the upper side of the frame 40 form a stable rectangular frame, and the upper plate 41 will not loosen after long-term use. The middle parts of the guide rods 51 are clearance-fitted with the guide holes 11 corresponding to the outer edges of the cylinder head 1, and provide accurate guidance for the up-down movement of the cylinder liner 3.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2 The adaptive adjusting unit 6 comprises a control cylinder 61 and a signaling mechanism 62. The bottom of the control cylinder 61 is fixed on the top surface of the frame 40 through a support 63. The signaling mechanism 62 is arranged between the upper end of the control cylinder piston rod 611 and the outer edge of the adjacent cylinder head 1. The signaling mechanism 62 comprises a signaling assembly 63 and a trigger rod assembly 64. The signaling assembly 63 comprises a vertical insulating rod 631 and upper and lower signal rods 632 and 633 arranged in parallel. The lower end of the vertical insulating rod 631 is screwed into the top end of the control cylinder piston rod 611, and the middle parts of the upper and lower signal rods 632 and 633 are fixedly connected with the upper part of the vertical insulating rod 631 perpendicularly. The trigger rod assembly 64 comprises a horizontal trigger rod 641 and a right-angle rod 642. The contact 6411 at the right end of the horizontal trigger rod 641 is located between the upper trigger block 6321 at the left end of the inner side of the upper signal rod 632 and the lower trigger block 6322 at the inner side of one end of the lower signal rod 633. When the diesel engine is unloaded, the distance A between the upper and lower sides of the contact 6411 and the corresponding upper and lower trigger blocks 6321 and 6322 is equal. The upper end of the right-angle rod 642 is fixedly connected with the left end of the horizontal trigger rod 641 perpendicularly, and the lower end of the right-angle rod 642 is fixed on the outer edge of the cylinder head 1. The terminal post 65 at the left end of the horizontal trigger rod 641, the terminal post 65 at the right end of the upper signal rod 632 and the terminal post 65 at the right end of the lower signal rod 633 are connected with the signal line 71 leading to the control unit 7 respectively.

[0022] The working process of the application is as follows:

[0023] When the diesel engine is running, the hydraulic source 46 is started first, and the hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic source 46 returns to the hydraulic oil tank 47 through the return end 444 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve in the neutral position, and the hydraulic source 46 is in the unloading state. When the load of the diesel engine is reduced to a low load working state of 0-30% of the rated load, the supercharged exhaust gas pressure is reduced to 0.02-0.4 MPa, at which time the control cylinder piston rod 611 is lowered under the action of the return elastic force of the return spring 612 in the control cylinder 61, the upper signal rod 632 is lowered through the vertical insulation rod 631, and the upper side of the contact 6411 at the right end of the horizontal trigger rod 641 is in conduction with the upper trigger block 6321 to send a signal to the control unit 7, the control unit 7 instructs the electromagnet 445 at the right end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve to be powered, the spool moves to the left position, and the hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic source 46 is divided into four paths from the output pipeline 462 of the first output end 442 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve, two of which enter the rodless cavity of the upper cylinder 42 through the hose 463, and the other two enter the rod cavity of the lower cylinder 43 through the hose 463. The hydraulic oil of the rod cavity of the upper cylinder 42 and the rodless cavity of the lower cylinder 43 returns to the hydraulic oil tank 47. The cylinder head 1 drives the cylinder gasket 2 and the cylinder sleeve 3 to accurately move downward under the guidance of the three cylinder sleeve rings 45 and the guide rod 51, the distance A2 between the lower surface of the cylinder head 1 and the upper surface of the piston 10 at the top dead center is reduced, A1 / A2 is increased, and the compression ratio of the diesel engine is increased. At this time, the horizontal trigger rod 641 descends with the cylinder head 1, and the upper side of the contact 6411 at the right end of the horizontal trigger rod 641 contacts the upper trigger block 6321 to send a signal, and the control unit 7 instructs the electromagnets 445 at both ends of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve to lose power, and the spool returns to the neutral position under the action of the spool return spring. The hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic source 46 returns to the hydraulic oil tank 47 through the return end 444 of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve in the neutral position, and the hydraulic source 46 returns to the unloading state. The oil ports of the upper cylinder 42 and the lower cylinder 42 are closed to lock the cylinder head 1, and the diesel engine remains in the state of increased compression ratio.

[0024] When the load of the diesel engine is increased to a high load state of ≥80% of the rated load, Figure 1The hollow arrowhead indicates the direction into the control cylinder 6 rodless chamber pressure increase to 0.32Mpa, control cylinder piston rod 611 to overcome the elastic force of the reset spring 612 and up, through the vertical insulation rod 631 driven by the upper signal rod 632 up, until the horizontal trigger rod 641 right end of the contact 6411 lower side and the lower trigger block 6322 conduction to send a control unit 7, control unit 7 instruction three position four way electromagnetic reversing valve left end of the electromagnet 445 power, spool to the right, the hydraulic source 46 output hydraulic oil from the three position four way electromagnetic valve second output end 443 output pipe 462 into four, two of which through the hose 462 respectively into the upper cylinder 42 rod chamber, the other two through the hose 462 respectively into the lower cylinder 43 rodless chamber, the upper cylinder 42 rodless chamber and the lower cylinder 43 rod chamber of the hydraulic oil return tank 47. Cylinder head 1 driven by the cylinder gasket 2 and the cylinder liner 3 in the 3 cylinder liner ring 45 and the guide rod 51 under the guidance of the precise up, cylinder head 1 lower surface and the top dead center piston 10 upper surface distance A2 increases, A1 / A2 decreases, the diesel engine compression ratio decreases. At this time the horizontal trigger rod 641 with cylinder head 1 up and up, until the horizontal trigger rod 641 right end of the contact 6411 upper side of the upper trigger block 6321 conduction to send a control unit 7, control unit 7 instruction three position four way electromagnetic reversing valve both ends of the electromagnet 445 are de-energized, the spool reset to the center, the hydraulic source 46 output hydraulic oil through the three position four way electromagnetic reversing valve return end 444 to the center back to the hydraulic tank 47, the hydraulic source 46 back to the unloading state. The upper cylinder 42 and the lower cylinder 42 oil port is closed to lock the cylinder head 1 up position, the diesel engine remains in the state of reduced compression ratio. The compression ratio of the diesel engine is changed with the change of the diesel engine load.

[0025] In addition to the above embodiments, the present application can have other implementation, any technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation, fall within the scope of the present application claimed.

Claims

1. A turbocharged diesel engine compression ratio adjusting device, comprising a cylinder head, a cylinder gasket and a cylinder liner, the lower side of the cylinder head is fixed on the top end of the cylinder liner through the cylinder gasket, and the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod are respectively hinged with the piston and the crank journal of the crankshaft; characterized in that: The application also comprises a cylinder sleeve lifting unit, a lifting guide unit, an adaptive adjusting unit and a control unit, wherein the cylinder sleeve lifting unit comprises an upper plate, a pair of upper oil cylinders, a pair of lower oil cylinders, an electromagnetic reversing valve and a plurality of cylinder sleeve rings, the length of the upper plate matches the outer diameter of the cylinder head, the piston rod of the upper oil cylinder faces downward, the piston rod of the lower oil cylinder faces upward, the two ends of the upper oil cylinder are respectively fixed between the lower side of the upper plate and the upper side of the cylinder head, the two ends of the lower oil cylinder are respectively fixed between the lower side of the cylinder sleeve flange and the upper side of the frame, the inner holes of the plurality of cylinder sleeve rings arranged in an upper-lower interval are respectively embedded and fixed in the outer edge of the lower part of the cylinder sleeve, and the outer circles of the plurality of cylinder sleeve rings are respectively matched with the cylinder sleeve mounting holes on the upper part of the frame; the input pipeline of the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with the hydraulic source, and the output pipelines of the electromagnetic reversing valve are respectively connected with the rod cavity and the rodless cavity corresponding to the pair of upper oil cylinders and the pair of lower oil cylinders; the upper and lower ends of the lifting guide unit are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the upper plate and the upper side of the frame; the adaptive adjusting unit comprises a control cylinder and a signaling mechanism, the control cylinder is fixed on the upper side of one end of the frame, and the signaling mechanism is respectively arranged between the upper end of the piston rod of the control cylinder and the outer edge of the adjacent cylinder head; the signal lines of the control unit are respectively connected with the electromagnetic reversing valve and the signaling mechanism. The electromagnetic reversing valve is a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, the middle position function of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is m-type with middle position unloading, the output pipeline of the hydraulic source is connected with the input end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, and the oil return end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with the hydraulic oil tank through an oil return pipeline; the first output end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic valve is divided into four paths, two of which are respectively connected with the rodless cavities of the upper oil cylinders through hoses, and the other two are respectively connected with the rod cavities of the lower oil cylinders through hoses, and the output pipelines of the second output end of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve are also divided into four paths, two of which are respectively connected with the rod cavities of the upper oil cylinders through hoses, and the other two are respectively connected with the rodless cavities of the lower oil cylinders through hoses; the signal lines of the control unit are respectively connected with the electromagnets at the two ends of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve. The control cylinder is a single-acting cylinder with spring reset, the pressurized tail gas is connected with the rodless cavity of the control cylinder through a gas conveying pipeline, and the bottom of the control cylinder is fixed on the top surface of the frame through a support; the signaling mechanism comprises a signaling assembly and a trigger rod assembly, the signaling assembly comprises a vertical insulating rod and upper and lower parallel arranged upper and lower signal rods, the lower end of the vertical insulating rod is screwed into the top end of the piston rod of the control cylinder, and the middle parts of the upper and lower signal rods are respectively fixedly connected with the upper part of the vertical insulating rod; the trigger rod assembly comprises a horizontal trigger rod and a right-angle rod, the contact of one end of the horizontal trigger rod is located between the upper trigger block on the inner side of one end of the upper signal rod and the lower trigger block on the inner side of one end of the lower signal rod; when the diesel engine is in an idle state, the upper and lower sides of the contact are equal in distance A from the corresponding upper and lower trigger blocks, the upper end of the right-angle rod is fixedly connected with the other end of the horizontal trigger rod perpendicularly, and the lower end of the right-angle rod is fixed on the outer edge of the cylinder head; the terminal post at the other end of the horizontal trigger rod, the terminal post at the other end of the upper signal rod and the terminal post at the other end of the lower signal rod are respectively connected with the signal lines connected with the control unit.

2. The turbocharged diesel engine compression ratio adjusting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The lifting guide unit comprises two guide rods and several fastening nuts, the upper ends of the guide rods respectively extend out of the two end heads of the upper plate, and are respectively clamped and fixed on the two end heads of the upper plate through two fastening nuts on the upper side of the upper plate and one fastening nut on the lower side of the upper plate, the middle parts of the guide rods are respectively in clearance fit with the guide holes corresponding to the outer edges of the cylinder cover, and the lower ends of the guide rods are respectively fixed on the corresponding positions on the upper side of the rack.

Images