A large-interval wide-angle scanning phased array antenna design method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a large-interval wide-angle scanning phased array antenna design method and system, and belongs to the technical field of array antenna design. The application adopts parameterized setting of block number to improve the degree of freedom of optimization. Since each block condition may exist a better solution, the block type of the region is substituted into the optimization variable, so that the final optimization result can be prevented from falling into a local optimum, and the optimal solution can be more likely obtained. The dense arrangement form of the divided region can effectively control the interval of adjacent array elements, avoid the overlapping of adjacent array elements, and improve the optimization efficiency. In addition, the regular layout is beneficial to the back-end network design, and reduces the complexity of the feed network. The dense arrangement and array element selection combination can effectively enlarge the interval, and can make the interval not appear grating lobe, thereby reducing the number of channels and reducing the cost. The array element position micro-adjustment provides more possibilities for large-angle scanning optimization, improves the optimization efficiency, and breaks the periodic arrangement form.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of array antenna design technology, specifically to a design method and system for a large-pitch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of phased array technology, low cost has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers while ensuring array performance. Besides improving manufacturing processes to reduce costs, another effective method is to adopt a sparse array layout to reduce the number of operating channels, ultimately achieving the goal of reducing system cost. Sparse arrays are essentially aperiodic array antennas, meaning the array elements exhibit a non-periodic arrangement. This type of array not only reduces design costs but also lowers sidelobe levels and improves resolution. Essentially, sparse arrays can reduce the number of channels because they increase the spacing between elements, reducing the number of elements per unit area.

[0003] With the development of radar and communication systems, multi-functional phased array systems have become increasingly popular. To meet the demands of multi-functional applications, these systems often need to achieve wide-angle scanning performance, providing a wider airspace for jamming and reconnaissance. Traditional phased array antennas typically only have a scanning range within the upper half of the space perpendicular to the array direction. When the scanning angle exceeds this angle, the array's scanning characteristics deteriorate sharply, accompanied by an increase in sidelobe levels and other deterioration in far-field performance. Therefore, achieving wide-angle scanning performance while maintaining low system cost has become a design challenge. These problems urgently need to be addressed; therefore, a design method and system for a large-pitch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to achieve wide-angle scanning performance of array antenna while increasing the spacing between elements, and provides a design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution, and the present invention includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: Division of Battlefront Areas

[0007] After determining the shape and size of the area where the array elements can be arranged, the array area is divided and optimized with the arrangement area as a circular design to obtain multiple fan-shaped areas.

[0008] S2: Dense Arrangement of Regional Array Elements

[0009] Based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna elements, the shape and size of the final model of the antenna elements are determined, and the maximum size of the antenna elements is obtained by measurement. Based on the maximum size and the expected value of increasing the spacing, the minimum spacing of the dense array elements is determined. Based on the minimum spacing of the array elements, the dense array elements are arranged and screened, and then the array element arrangement in a single sector area is determined.

[0010] S3: Random selection of effective elements

[0011] Based on the obtained arrangement information of the array elements in a single sector region, the array elements for final excitation are selected.

[0012] S4: Array element adjustment

[0013] Based on the selected array element positions, the position of each array element is adjusted;

[0014] S5: Iterative Calculation

[0015] Regenerate random parameters and repeat steps S1 to S4, iterating and calculating according to the evolutionary algorithm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S1, the shape and size of each sector are exactly the same, the array element positions within each sector are exactly the same, and any sector can be obtained by rotating any other sector.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the number of sector regions N0 of the array area is set as the parameter to be optimized. During optimization, a random number is generated, the value is rounded down, and the integer is used as the number of sector regions, i.e., the number of sector regions N0.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific process is as follows:

[0019] S21: Based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna elements, determine the shape and size of the final model of the antenna elements, and obtain the maximum size of the antenna elements by measurement; based on the maximum size and the expected value of increasing the spacing, determine the minimum spacing of the densely arranged array elements.

[0020] S22: Determine a square region, which must meet the following conditions: the side length of the square region must be greater than the radius of the sector, and it must be able to completely cover a single sector region in terms of area and two dimensions.

[0021] S23: According to the minimum element spacing determined in step S21, the elements are densely arranged in the square area, and the spacing between adjacent elements is greater than or equal to the minimum element spacing.

[0022] S24: Based on the dense array element arrangement position in the square area, the array elements in the fan-shaped area are determined by filtering through constraints, and then the array element arrangement in a single fan-shaped area is determined.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S23, the arrangement is a rectangular grid or a triangular grid.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S24, the specific filtering process is as follows: calculate the distance of each array element in the square area from the origin and the angle between the line connecting the array element and the origin and the x-axis. Set the filtering condition as follows: the distance between array elements is less than or equal to the radius of the sector, and the angle between array elements is less than or equal to the central angle of the sector.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S3, the specific process of randomly selecting valid elements is as follows:

[0026] S31: Generate N2 random numbers, each ranging from 0.5 to N1+0.5, and round these random numbers to the nearest integer.

[0027] S32: Determine whether these rounded integers are distinct. If they are distinct, the requirement is met and proceed to step S33. If they are not distinct, regenerate random numbers and repeat step S31.

[0028] S33: Based on the determined distinct integers, set them as the numbers of the excitation array elements, retain the positions of the selected array elements, and remove the positions of the remaining array elements.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S4, the specific process of array element adjustment is as follows:

[0030] S41: Generate 2*N2 random numbers, and set the same value range for each random number. This value range is determined based on the relationship between the maximum size of the antenna element and the minimum element spacing.

[0031] S42: Extract the first N2 values ​​and add them as coefficients to the x-axis coordinates of the retained array elements to characterize the fine-tuning amount of the array elements in the x-axis direction;

[0032] S43: Extract the N2 values ​​and add them as coefficients to the y-axis coordinates of the retained array elements to characterize the fine-tuning amount of the array elements in the y-axis direction;

[0033] S44: After completing the fine adjustments in two directions, the excitation array elements in a single sector area are rotated and copied N0-1 times along the origin, with the rotation angle interval being the central angle of the sector. This completes the array element position arrangement for the entire array surface.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S5, the number of sector regions and the coordinates of the array elements are regenerated and substituted into the evolutionary algorithm for optimization. The specific optimization process is to substitute the newly generated population into the algorithm, calculate the fitness value of the population, select individuals with excellent performance based on the fitness value, and generate a new generation of population to continue iterative optimization until the optimal solution is obtained. The evolutionary algorithm is a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimization algorithm.

[0035] This invention also provides a design system for a large-pitch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, which optimizes the element positions of the phased array antenna using the above-mentioned design method, including:

[0036] The array area division module is used to divide and optimize the array area after determining the shape and size of the area where array elements can be arranged, with the arrangement area as a circular design, to obtain multiple fan-shaped areas.

[0037] The dense array module is used to determine the shape and size of the final model of the antenna element based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna element, and to obtain the maximum size of the antenna element by measurement; based on the maximum size and the expected value of increasing the spacing, the minimum array element spacing for dense array is determined; based on the minimum array element spacing, dense array element arrangement and screening are performed, and then the array element arrangement in a single sector area is determined.

[0038] The effective element selection module is used to select the final excitation elements based on the obtained arrangement information of the array elements in a single sector region.

[0039] The array element adjustment module is used to adjust the position of each array element based on the selected array element positions.

[0040] The iterative calculation module is used to regenerate random parameters and repeat steps S1 to S4, performing iterations and calculations according to the evolutionary algorithm.

[0041] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0042] 1. By using parameterized settings for the number of blocks, the degree of freedom in optimization is increased. Since each type of block may have a better solution, substituting the type of block into the optimization variable can prevent the final optimization result from getting trapped in local optima and is more likely to obtain the optimal solution.

[0043] 2. Adopting a densely arranged layout in zones can effectively control the spacing between adjacent array elements, avoid overlapping of adjacent array elements, and improve optimization efficiency; in addition, the regular layout is beneficial to the back-end network design and reduces the complexity of the power supply network.

[0044] 3. The combination of dense array arrangement and element selection effectively increases the spacing without creating grating lobes, thus reducing the number of channels and lowering costs. Fine-tuning the element positions provides more possibilities for large-angle scanning optimization, improving optimization efficiency and breaking the periodic arrangement pattern. This design method, while ensuring engineering feasibility, not only increases the probability of obtaining the optimal solution but also improves the performance of the antenna array pattern obtained through tracing. The phased array antenna obtained by this method has low cost and wide-angle scanning characteristics. When applied to information warfare systems, this method can effectively increase the system's utilization range while reducing system costs. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the design method for a large-pitch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the positional arrangement of array elements when the array is fully filled in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the array element position arrangement after element selection and fine-tuning in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 This is the normal sectional plane pattern at 4GHz of the array antenna in Embodiment 2 of the present invention after optimization;

[0049] Figure 5 This is the 60° cross-sectional radiation pattern of the array antenna at 4GHz after optimization in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the positional arrangement of array elements when the array is fully filled in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the array element position arrangement after element selection and fine-tuning in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 This is the normal sectional pattern of the array antenna at 18GHz after optimization in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 This is the 45° cross-sectional radiation pattern of the array antenna at 18GHz after optimization in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0054] In the diagram: 1. Full array area; 2. Fan-shaped area. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a design method for a large-pitch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, ultimately obtaining the element distribution and array pattern of the large-pitch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna. For example... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna in this embodiment. The design process begins with determining the array surface parameters. First, the shape and size of the entire array surface are determined, assuming a circular shape with a radius of R. Second, the number of array elements is determined. Next, the minimum element spacing is determined. Since antenna elements have fixed dimensions, adjacent elements cannot overlap in the actual array arrangement. Therefore, the minimum element spacing must be greater than the maximum size of the antenna elements. To obtain the minimum element spacing, the antenna elements need to be optimized through simulation. The simulation uses electromagnetic simulation software such as HFSS. After determining the final antenna element model, the model is measured to obtain the maximum size of the antenna elements, and the minimum element spacing is determined based on this size. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0058] S1: Division of Battlefront Areas

[0059] After determining the shape and size of the area where the array elements can be arranged, the arrangement area is designed as a circle. During optimization, the array surface area is divided into multiple sector areas. The number of sector areas N0 divided by the array surface area during optimization is set as the parameter to be optimized. This parameter is an integer and its value ranges from 5 to 12.

[0060] S2: Dense Arrangement of Regional Array Elements

[0061] Based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna elements, the shape and size of the final antenna element model are determined, and the maximum size of the antenna element is obtained through measurement. Based on the maximum size and the expected value of increasing the spacing, the minimum spacing between densely arranged array elements is determined. Dense array element arrangement and selection are performed based on this minimum spacing, thereby determining the array element arrangement within a single fan-shaped region. The specific rules for dense array element arrangement and selection based on the minimum spacing are as follows: First, a specific square region is determined, which must completely cover a single fan-shaped region in terms of area and two-dimensional dimensions. Then, array elements are densely arranged within this square region according to the aforementioned array element spacing; the arrangement can be rectangular or triangular. Finally, fan-shaped array elements are selected from the square region based on angle and radius criteria.

[0062] S3: Random selection of effective elements

[0063] Based on the dense arrangement of array elements in a single sector region, the array elements to be finally excited are selected. Assuming the number of array elements after filling the sector region is N1, and the number of array elements to be excited is N2, array elements are selected by randomly generating N2 integers, ensuring that each integer is distinct. The generated random integers are the numbers of the array elements to be excited within the sector region. The remaining unselected array elements are removed, and only the selected array elements are retained.

[0064] S4: Array element adjustment

[0065] Based on the selected array element positions, each element undergoes a minor positional adjustment. After determining the element positions, 2*N² random numbers are generated, each with the same value range. The first N² numbers represent the minor adjustment amount along the x-axis, and the last N² numbers represent the minor adjustment amount along the y-axis. These generated random numbers are then added to the selected element positions to obtain the adjusted element positions. Based on the determined sector-shaped element positions, N₀-1 sector-shaped regions are rotated and copied to fill the entire array surface.

[0066] S5: Algorithm Iterative Calculation

[0067] Regenerate random parameters and repeat steps S1 to S4, iterating and calculating according to the evolutionary algorithm.

[0068] In this embodiment, in step S1, the shape and size of each sector area are exactly the same, the array element positions within each sector area are exactly the same, and any sector area can be obtained by rotating any other sector area by a certain angle.

[0069] In this embodiment, in step S1, the number of sector regions N0 divided into the array area is set as the parameter to be optimized. During optimization, a specific random number is generated using random number generation software. The value is rounded down and the integer is used as the number of sector regions, i.e., the number of sector regions N0.

[0070] In this embodiment, the specific process of densely arranging the regional array elements in step S2 is as follows:

[0071] S21: Based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna elements, determine the shape and size of the final model of the antenna elements, and obtain the maximum size of the antenna elements by measurement; based on the maximum size and the expected value of increasing the spacing, the maximum size is determined by the antenna model, and the expected value is set manually to limit the minimum spacing between array elements; determine the minimum spacing between densely arranged array elements.

[0072] S22: Determine a specific square region, which must meet the following conditions: the side length of the square region must be greater than the radius of the sector, and it must be able to completely cover a single sector region in terms of area and two dimensions;

[0073] S23: According to the previously determined minimum element spacing, densely arrange the elements in the above square area. The arrangement method can be a rectangular grid or a triangular grid. The spacing between adjacent elements must be greater than or equal to the minimum element spacing.

[0074] The shape of the graphic formed by adjacent array elements represents the arrangement of the array elements. If the shape of the four adjacent array elements is a rectangle, the arrangement is a rectangular grid; if the shape of the three adjacent array elements is a triangle, the arrangement is a triangular grid.

[0075] S24: Perform sector-shaped array element screening. Based on the dense array element arrangement position in the square area, the array elements in the sector area are screened and determined through constraints. The specific process is as follows: calculate the distance of each array element in the square area from the origin and the angle between the line connecting the array element and the origin and the x-axis. Set the screening conditions as follows: the distance between array elements must be less than or equal to the sector radius, and the angle between array elements must be less than or equal to the central angle of the sector.

[0076] In this embodiment, the specific process of randomly selecting valid elements in step S3 is as follows:

[0077] S31: Generate N2 random numbers, each ranging from 0.5 to N1+0.5, and round these random numbers to the nearest integer.

[0078] S32: Determine whether these rounded integers are distinct. If they are distinct, the requirement is met and proceed to step S33. If they are not distinct, regenerate random numbers and repeat step S31.

[0079] S33: Based on the determined distinct integers, set them as the numbers of the excitation array elements, retain the positions of the selected array elements, and remove the positions of the remaining array elements.

[0080] In this embodiment, the specific process of array element adjustment in step S4 is as follows:

[0081] S41: Generate 2*N2 random numbers, and set the same value range for each random number. This value range is determined based on the relationship between the maximum size of the antenna element and the minimum element spacing.

[0082] S42: Extract the first N2 values ​​and add them as coefficients to the x-axis coordinates of the retained array elements to characterize the fine-tuning amount of the fan-shaped array elements in the x-axis direction;

[0083] S43: Extract the N2 values ​​and add them as coefficients to the y-axis coordinates of the retained array elements to characterize the fine-tuning amount of the fan-shaped array elements in the y-axis direction.

[0084] S44: After completing the fine adjustments in two directions, rotate the excitation array element in a single sector along the origin to make N0-1 copies, with the rotation angle interval being the central angle of the sector. This completes the array element position arrangement for the entire array surface.

[0085] In step S5, the number of sector regions and the coordinates of the array elements are regenerated and substituted into the evolutionary algorithm for optimization. The evolutionary algorithm can be a genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, etc. The specific optimization process is to substitute the newly generated population into the algorithm, calculate the fitness value of the population, select individuals with excellent performance based on the fitness value, and then generate a new generation of population to continue iterative optimization until the optimal solution is obtained.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] This embodiment optimizes the normal and scanning pattern of the circular aperture antenna, setting the x-axis and y-axis as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The antenna array to be optimized operates at a frequency of 4 GHz, with an element size of 42 mm and an element spacing of 52 mm. All elements are arranged as independent units within the region, and the number of blocks is set to an integer between 6 and 12. During optimization, the range of element fine-tuning is 2 mm along both the x-axis and y-axis. The radiation pattern to be optimized is the normal and 60° cross-sectional radiation pattern of the antenna array, with the target sidelobes below -10 dB. The optimization parameters consist of the number of blocks, the numbers of 17 removed elements, and the movement coefficients of 62 elements along the x-axis and y-axis. A set of randomly generated elements is used as the initial value in the optimization process. The region is divided, the blocks are densely arranged, elements are selected, and elements are fine-tuned to obtain the element coordinates. During optimization, a fitness function is constructed based on the target sidelobes of the antenna. The initial values ​​of the element coordinates and the fitness function are substituted into the genetic (evolutionary) algorithm for calculation. The population size is set to 500, and the number of optimization iterations is set to 100. A better solution was obtained through optimization, with 711 array elements when the array is full and 558 excitation array elements.

[0088] like Figures 2-5 As shown, Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the positional arrangement of the array elements when the array is fully utilized in this embodiment. Figure 3 This is the array element position layout diagram after element selection and fine-tuning in this embodiment. Figure 4 This is the normal cross-sectional radiation pattern of the array antenna at 4GHz after optimization. Figure 5 The image shows the optimized 60° cross-sectional radiation pattern of the array antenna at 4 GHz.

[0089] As can be seen from the above, the normal and scanning state sidelobe levels of the optimized array obtained in this embodiment are below -10dB, and no grid lobes appear within the ±90° range.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] This embodiment optimizes the normal and scanning pattern of the circular aperture antenna, setting the x-axis and y-axis as follows: Figure 7 As shown. The antenna array to be optimized operates at 18 GHz, with an element size of 15.4 mm and an element spacing of 18.6 mm. All elements are arranged as independent units within the region, and the number of blocks is set to an integer between 6 and 12. During optimization, the range of element fine-tuning is 1.6 mm along both the x-axis and y-axis. The radiation pattern to be optimized is the normal and 45° cross-sectional radiation pattern of the antenna array, with the target sidelobes below -10 dB. The optimization parameters consist of the number of blocks, the numbers of 37 removed elements, and the movement coefficients of 63 elements along the x-axis and y-axis. A set of randomly generated elements is used as the initial value in the optimization process. The region is divided, the blocks are densely arranged, elements are selected, and elements are fine-tuned to obtain the element coordinates. During optimization, a fitness function is constructed based on the antenna's target sidelobes. The initial element coordinates and the fitness function are substituted into the genetic (evolutionary) algorithm for calculation. The population size is set to 500, and the number of optimization iterations is set to 100. A better solution was obtained through optimization, with 600 array elements when the array is fully loaded and 378 excitation array elements.

[0092] like Figures 6-9 As shown, Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the positional arrangement of the array elements when the array is fully utilized in this embodiment. Figure 7 This is the array element position layout diagram after element selection and fine-tuning in this embodiment. Figure 8 This is the normal cross-sectional radiation pattern of the array antenna at 18 GHz after optimization. Figure 9 This is the optimized 45° cross-sectional radiation pattern of the array antenna at 18 GHz.

[0093] As can be seen from the above, the normal and scanning state sidelobe levels of the optimized array obtained in this embodiment are below -10dB, and no grid lobes appear within the ±90° range.

[0094] In summary, the large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna design method in the above embodiments effectively increases the spacing by combining dense array arrangement and element shaving, while avoiding grating lobes, thereby reducing the number of channels and lowering costs. Fine-tuning the element positions provides more possibilities for large-angle scanning optimization, improving optimization efficiency and breaking the periodic arrangement pattern. This design method, while ensuring engineering feasibility, not only increases the probability of obtaining the optimal solution but also improves the performance of the antenna array pattern obtained through final tracking. The phased array antenna obtained by this method has low cost and wide-angle scanning characteristics. When applied to information warfare systems, this method can effectively increase the system's utilization range while reducing system costs.

[0095] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Division of Battlefront Areas After determining the shape and size of the area where the array elements can be arranged, the array area is divided and optimized with the arrangement area as a circular design to obtain multiple fan-shaped areas. S2: Dense Arrangement of Regional Array Elements Based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna element, the shape and size of the final model of the antenna element are determined, and the maximum size of the antenna element is obtained by measurement; Based on the maximum size and the expected value of widening the spacing, determine the minimum spacing of densely arranged array elements; based on this minimum spacing, perform dense array element arrangement and filtering, and then determine the array element arrangement within a single sector area. S3: Random selection of effective elements Based on the obtained arrangement information of the array elements in a single sector region, the array elements for final excitation are selected. S4: Array element adjustment Based on the selected array element positions, the position of each array element is adjusted; S5: Iterative Calculation Regenerate random parameters and repeat steps S1 to S4, iterating and calculating according to the evolutionary algorithm.

2. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the shape and size of each sector are exactly the same, the array element positions within each sector are exactly the same, and any sector can be obtained by rotating any other sector.

3. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the number of sector regions N0 of the array area is set as the parameter to be optimized. During optimization, a random number is generated, the value is rounded down, and the integer is used as the number of sector regions, i.e., the number of sector regions N0.

4. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific process is as follows: S21: Based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna elements, determine the shape and size of the final model of the antenna elements, and obtain the maximum size of the antenna elements by measurement; based on the maximum size and the expected value of increasing the spacing, determine the minimum spacing of the densely arranged array elements. S22: Determine a square region, which must meet the following conditions: the side length of the square region must be greater than the radius of the sector, and it must be able to completely cover a single sector region in terms of area and two dimensions. S23: According to the minimum element spacing determined in step S21, the elements are densely arranged in the square area, and the spacing between adjacent elements is greater than or equal to the minimum element spacing. S24: Based on the dense array element arrangement position in the square area, the array elements in the fan-shaped area are determined by filtering through constraints, and then the array element arrangement in a single fan-shaped area is determined.

5. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S23, the arrangement is a rectangular grid or a triangular grid.

6. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S24, the specific filtering process is as follows: calculate the distance of each array element in the square area from the origin and the angle between the line connecting the array element and the origin and the x-axis. Set the filtering condition as follows: the distance between array elements is less than or equal to the radius of the sector, and the angle between array elements is less than or equal to the central angle of the sector.

7. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific process of randomly selecting valid elements is as follows: S31: Generate N2 random numbers, each ranging from 0.5 to N1+0.5, and round these random numbers to the nearest integer. S32: Determine whether these rounded integers are distinct. If they are distinct, the requirement is met and proceed to step S33. If they are not distinct, regenerate random numbers and repeat step S31. S33: Based on the determined distinct integers, set them as the numbers of the excitation array elements, retain the positions of the selected array elements, and remove the positions of the remaining array elements.

8. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the specific process of array element adjustment is as follows: S41: Generate 2*N2 random numbers, and set the same value range for each random number. This value range is determined based on the relationship between the maximum size of the antenna element and the minimum element spacing. S42: Extract the first N2 values ​​and add them as coefficients to the x-axis coordinates of the retained array elements to characterize the fine-tuning amount of the array elements in the x-axis direction; S43: Extract the N2 values ​​and add them as coefficients to the y-axis coordinates of the retained array elements to characterize the fine-tuning amount of the array elements in the y-axis direction; S44: After completing the fine adjustments in two directions, the excitation array elements in a single sector area are rotated and copied N0-1 times along the origin, with the rotation angle interval being the central angle of the sector. This completes the array element position arrangement for the entire array surface.

9. The design method for a large-spacing wide-angle scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the number of sector regions and the position coordinates of the array elements are regenerated and substituted into the evolutionary algorithm for optimization. The specific optimization process is to substitute the newly generated population into the algorithm, calculate the fitness value of the population, select individuals with excellent performance based on the fitness value, and generate a new generation of population to continue iterative optimization until the optimal solution is obtained. The evolutionary algorithm is a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimization algorithm.

10. A design system for a large-spacing, wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, characterized in that: Optimizing the element positions of a phased array antenna using the design method described in any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: The array area division module is used to divide and optimize the array area after determining the shape and size of the area where array elements can be arranged, with the arrangement area as a circular design, to obtain multiple fan-shaped areas. The dense array module is used to determine the shape and size of the final model of the antenna element based on the completed optimization simulation of the antenna element, and to obtain the maximum size of the antenna element by measurement; based on the maximum size and the expected value of increasing the spacing, the minimum array element spacing for dense array is determined; based on the minimum array element spacing, dense array element arrangement and screening are performed, and then the array element arrangement in a single sector area is determined. The effective element selection module is used to select the final excitation elements based on the obtained arrangement information of the array elements in a single sector region. The array element adjustment module is used to adjust the position of each array element based on the selected array element positions. The iterative calculation module is used to regenerate random parameters and repeat steps S1 to S4, performing iterations and calculations according to the evolutionary algorithm.

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