Drainage device and drainage method

Abstract

The application provides a drainage device and a drainage method. The drainage device comprises a first connecting pipe connected to an upstream pipeline, a second connecting pipe connected to a downstream pipeline, and a drainage pipeline connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe. The drainage pipeline comprises a flow guide elbow, a flow guide straight pipe, and a flow guide vertical pipe. The inside of the flow guide straight pipe is sealingly and slidably connected with a pressure regulating filter pipe which can be located at a first set position and a second set position. The flow guide straight pipe is mirror-imaged assembled with U-shaped pipelines on both sides. In the application, the pressure is self-adaptively adjusted through the U-shaped pipelines on both sides. When the pressure regulating filter pipe is blocked by the filtered water medium, the U-shaped pipelines on both sides are divided to ensure the balance of the upstream and downstream pressures. Meanwhile, the application also provides a drainage method. The method can remove the filtered impurities, reduces human intervention, and ensures a high drainage effect of the filtered water medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a diversion and drainage device and a diversion and drainage method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, water conservancy projects are engineering projects built to control and regulate surface water and groundwater in nature to achieve the purpose of eliminating harm and promoting benefits. They are also called water projects. Water is an essential and precious resource for human production and life, but its natural state does not fully meet human needs. Only by building water conservancy projects can we control water flow, prevent floods, and regulate and distribute water to meet people's needs for water resources in life and production.

[0003] However, in the existing upstream and downstream drainage process, the water is filtered before being discharged into the downstream pipeline. During the filtration process, impurities can clog the filtration system. This clogging causes the upstream discharge pressure to increase and the downstream discharge pressure to decrease, resulting in an imbalance between upstream and downstream discharge. This requires manual cleaning of the filtration system, which is quite frequent and wastes a lot of time in both upstream and downstream drainage. Furthermore, it is impossible to accurately guarantee the pressure balance of the upstream and downstream water drainage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a drainage device and a drainage method that, while efficiently filtering impurities, ensures balanced water pressure, reduces the frequency of cleaning the filter components, minimizes human intervention, adaptively adjusts water pressure, and autonomously cleans the filter components.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a drainage device, which includes a first connecting pipe connected to an upstream pipeline, a second connecting pipe connected to a downstream pipeline, and a drainage pipeline detachably connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe.

[0006] A first switching valve is mounted on the first connecting pipe, and a second switching valve is mounted on the second connecting pipe;

[0007] The drainage pipeline includes: a guide bend connected to the first connecting pipe, a guide straight pipe connected to the guide bend, and a guide vertical pipe connected to the guide straight pipe; wherein,

[0008] The end of the guide vertical pipe away from the guide straight pipe is connected to the second connecting pipe;

[0009] The flow guide tube is internally sealed and slidably connected to a pressure regulating filter tube that can be located at a first set position and a second set position. The pressure regulating filter tube is internally equipped with multi-stage filter assemblies at intervals.

[0010] The two sides of the straight guide pipe are equipped with U-shaped pipes, and the ends of the U-shaped pipes on both sides away from the straight guide pipe are connected to the vertical guide pipe.

[0011] When the pressure regulating filter tube is slidably positioned at the first set position, the pressure regulating filter tube blocks the U-shaped pipes on both sides;

[0012] When the pressure regulating filter tube is slidably positioned in the second set position, the pressure regulating filter tube avoids the U-shaped pipes on both sides, and the straight guide pipe is connected to the vertical guide pipe through the U-shaped pipes on both sides;

[0013] The bottom of the pressure regulating filter tube is also equipped with a cleaning pump group that extends to the outside of the guide straight pipe;

[0014] When the pressure regulating filter tube slides to the second set position, the second switch valve closes, the cleaning pump group turns on, and the U-shaped pipes on both sides backwash the multi-stage filter assembly through the water medium guided to the guide vertical pipe.

[0015] In this application, the pressure is adaptively regulated through U-shaped pipes on both sides. When the water medium in the pressure regulating filter pipe becomes clogged, the U-shaped pipes on both sides divert the flow to ensure pressure balance between upstream and downstream. At the same time, the frequency of cleaning the multi-stage filter assembly is reduced, minimizing human intervention. In the event of severe clogging, the multi-stage filter assembly can be autonomously cleaned in reverse to ensure smooth drainage.

[0016] In one specific feasible implementation, when the pressure regulating filter tube slides from the first preset position to the second preset position...

[0017] The flow rate of the guiding water medium from the U-shaped pipes on both sides to the guide vertical pipe gradually increases, achieving adaptive adjustment of water pressure upstream and downstream.

[0018] In one specific implementation, the first end of the pressure regulating filter tube is fitted with a first sealing ring that is slidably and sealingly connected to the flow guide straight tube;

[0019] The second end of the pressure regulating filter tube is fitted with a second sealing ring that is slidably connected to the flow guide tube. The pressure regulating filter tube and the flow guide tube achieve a sealed sliding connection.

[0020] In one specific implementation, the first sealing ring is circumferentially provided with a plurality of omnidirectional ball bearings that roll in contact with the inner wall of the guide tube, ensuring smooth sliding.

[0021] In one specific implementation scheme, the inner wall of the guide tube is provided with a slide rail, and the pressure regulating filter tube is equipped with a slider that cooperates with the slide rail.

[0022] The slide rail is internally equipped with a spring assembly for pressing against the slider. A pressure control switch is connected to the end of the spring assembly furthest from the slider. It possesses autonomous rebound capability and controls the activation of different devices based on the pressure value.

[0023] In one specific implementation, the multi-stage filter assembly includes: a first filter and a second filter fixedly mounted on the pressure regulating filter tube;

[0024] The first filter screen is located in front of the second filter screen, and the pore size of the first filter screen is larger than that of the second filter screen. Using two layers of filter screens, one coarse and one fine, ensures a good filtration effect on the water medium.

[0025] In one specific implementation scheme, the straight guide pipe has corresponding connecting holes, and the two connecting holes are connected to the U-shaped pipes on both sides through flanges.

[0026] The inner wall of the straight guide tube is fitted with filter plates for sealing the two connecting holes, and the first sealing ring slides in contact with the two filter plates. The filter plates and the second filter have the same pore size, thereby further ensuring the filtration effect.

[0027] In one specific implementation scheme, Laval nozzles are fitted at the middle of both sides of the U-shaped pipes. This increases the flow rate and ensures balanced water pressure.

[0028] In one specific implementation scheme, the sewage pump assembly includes: a solenoid valve connected to the pressure regulating filter pipe, a flexible pipe connected to the solenoid valve, and a sewage pump connected to the flexible pipe; wherein,

[0029] The straight guide tube is provided with an elongated hole for allowing the solenoid valve to slide.

[0030] The solenoid valve is located at the front end of the first filter screen;

[0031] When the pressure value of the pressure control switch exceeds the set range, the pressure control switch controls the second switch valve to close, controls the solenoid valve to open, and controls the sewage pump to start. This reduces the frequency of cleaning the filter assembly and adopts a self-cleaning method, quickly and conveniently ensuring smooth backwashing of the first and second filters.

[0032] Secondly, this application provides a drainage method, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Install the drainage device; the first connecting pipe is connected to the upstream pipe, the second connecting pipe is connected to the downstream pipe, and the drainage pipe is connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe.

[0034] Step 2: Drainage; Open the first and second switch valves, and the water medium in the upstream pipeline flows to the downstream pipeline after passing through the first connecting pipe, the drainage pipeline, and the second connecting pipe.

[0035] Step 3: Adaptive water pressure adjustment; After the water medium passes through the multi-stage filter assembly of the pressure regulating filter pipe, the flow rate decreases after filtering impurities. Under the action of the water medium pressure, the pressure regulating filter pipe is driven to slide from the first set position to the second set position. The upstream water medium is diverted to the guide vertical pipe through the U-shaped pipes on both sides.

[0036] Step 4: Multi-stage filtration; The water medium in the upstream pipeline is filtered through the first filter screen, the second filter screen, and two filter plates, ensuring balanced water pressure between the upstream and downstream.

[0037] Step 5: Backwash the filter screens; when the first filter screen, the second filter screen, and both filter screen plates are severely clogged, the slider pressure spring assembly contracts, the pressure control switch reaches its maximum pressure value, the second switch valve closes, the solenoid valve opens, and the sewage pump starts. The water medium introduced into the guide vertical pipe through the U-shaped pipes on both sides flows back to the guide straight pipe, and the filtered impurities and water medium are quickly discharged through the sewage pump; the spring assembly rebounds, and the first sealing ring scrapes off the filtered impurities on the two filter plates;

[0038] Step 6: Continue to drain water; control the second switch valve to open, control the solenoid valve to close, control the sewage pump to close, and repeat step 2.

[0039] The above methods can remove filtered impurities, reduce human intervention, and the cleaning process is simple and quick, ensuring a high efficiency in the diversion and filtration of water media. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the straight guide pipe provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure regulating filter tube provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 4 A front view of the straight guide pipe provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Laval nozzle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the steps of the drainage method provided in this application embodiment.

[0046] Icon labels:

[0047] First connecting pipe-100, first switching valve-110;

[0048] Guide bend - 200;

[0049] Flow guide straight pipe-300, solenoid valve-310, split straight pipe-320, slide rail-321, spring assembly-322, pressure control switch-323, pressure regulating filter pipe-330, first sealing ring-331, second sealing ring-332, universal ball bearing-333, first filter screen-334, second filter screen-335, slider-336;

[0050] First U-shaped pipe - 400a, second U-shaped pipe - 400b, filter plate - 410, Laval nozzle - 420;

[0051] Diversion riser -500;

[0052] Second connecting pipe-600, second switching valve-610;

[0053] Sewage pump-700, flexible pipe-710. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in one or more embodiments of this specification do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0056] To facilitate understanding of the drainage device and method provided in this application, their application scenario is first described. This drainage device and method are primarily used in the field of water conservancy engineering drainage technology. In existing upstream and downstream drainage processes, water is filtered before being discharged into downstream pipelines. During the filtration process, impurities can clog the filtration system. This clogging leads to increased upstream discharge pressure and decreased downstream discharge pressure, resulting in an imbalance between upstream and downstream discharge. This necessitates manual cleaning of the filtration system, which is frequent and wastes considerable time in both upstream and downstream drainage processes, and fails to accurately guarantee the pressure balance of the water flow. Therefore, the drainage device and method in this application efficiently filter impurities while ensuring balanced water pressure, reducing the frequency of cleaning the filter components, minimizing human intervention, and adaptively adjusting water pressure while autonomously cleaning the filter components.

[0057] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage device. The drainage device provided in this embodiment includes: a first connecting pipe 100 connected to an upstream pipeline, a second connecting pipe 600 connected to a downstream pipeline, and a detachable drainage pipeline connected between the first connecting pipe 100 and the second connecting pipe 600. The drainage pipeline is connected between the first connecting pipe 100 and the second connecting pipe 600 via a flange assembly, and can be designed with various dimensions such as different bends, lengths, and heights depending on the different upstream and downstream drainage needs.

[0058] A first switching valve 110 is mounted on the first connecting pipe 100, and a second switching valve 610 is mounted on the second connecting pipe 600; both the first switching valve 110 and the second switching valve 610 are electric valves, which are driven by a motor to rotate the valve plate, thus reducing human intervention.

[0059] The drainage pipeline includes: a guide bend 200 connected to the first connecting pipe 100, a guide straight pipe 300 connected to the guide bend 200, and a guide vertical pipe 500 connected to the guide straight pipe 300. Figure 2 As shown, the guide straight pipe 300 is a separate straight pipe 320, distinct from the guide bend 200 and guide riser 500. The separate straight pipe 320 is connected to the guide bend 200 and guide riser 500 via welding or flange connection. The internal structure of the guide straight pipe 300 is relatively complex; therefore, a separate straight pipe 320 is used for assembly before connecting to the guide bend 200 and guide riser 500, ensuring accurate installation of the pipeline after adjustment.

[0060] Specifically, the split straight pipe 320 has a pressure regulating filter pipe 330 internally sealed and slidably connected to a first set position and a second set position. The pressure regulating filter pipe 330 is internally equipped with multi-stage filter screen assemblies at intervals. This pressure regulating filter pipe 330 is used to regulate the water pressure balance of the upstream and downstream water media and to perform efficient filtration of the water media during the drainage process.

[0061] To ensure water pressure balance during drainage without clogging of the multi-stage filter assembly, U-shaped pipes are mirror-mounted on both sides of the split straight pipe 320. The ends of these U-shaped pipes furthest from the split straight pipe 320 are connected to the guide vertical pipe 500. The two U-shaped pipes are respectively the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b. The first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b have identical structures and are interchangeable. Connecting holes are formed opposite to each other on the split straight pipe 320, and these two connecting holes are connected to the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b via flanges. Furthermore, combined with… Figure 5 As shown, the middle sections of the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b are equipped with Laval nozzles 420 to increase the flow velocity and balance the water pressure upstream and downstream. The Laval nozzle 420 can increase the flow velocity to a certain extent during the flow velocity reduction process, but does not affect the large change in the balance of water pressure upstream and downstream.

[0062] Continue reading Figure 2 and Figure 3 When the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 slides to the first set position, it blocks the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b. When the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 slides to the second set position, it avoids the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b, and the split straight pipe 320 connects to the guide vertical pipe 500 through the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b. As the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 slides from the first set position to the second set position, the flow rate of the guiding water medium in the guide vertical pipe 500 gradually increases through the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b. This achieves adaptive regulation of water pressure upstream and downstream.

[0063] The first end of the pressure regulating filter tube 330 is fitted with a first sealing ring 331 that is slidably connected to the split straight tube 320; the second end of the pressure regulating filter tube 330 is fitted with a second sealing ring 332 that is slidably connected to the split straight tube 320. The pressure regulating filter tube 330 and the split straight tube 320 achieve a sealed sliding connection. The first sealing ring 331 is circumferentially provided with multiple universal ball bearings 333 that roll in contact with the inner wall of the split straight tube 320, ensuring smooth sliding. A slide rail 321 is provided opposite to the inner wall of the split straight tube 320, and a slider 336 that cooperates with the slide rail 321 is mounted on the pressure regulating filter tube 330; a spring assembly 322 for pressing against the slider 336 is installed inside the slide rail 321, and a pressure control switch 323 is connected to the end of the spring assembly 322 away from the slider 336. This provides autonomous rebound performance and controls the opening of different devices according to the pressure value. The multi-stage filter assembly includes a first filter screen 334 and a second filter screen 335 fixedly mounted on the pressure regulating filter pipe 330. The first filter screen 334 is located at the front end of the second filter screen 335, and the pore size of the first filter screen 334 is larger than that of the second filter screen 335. The use of two layers of filter screens, coarse and fine, ensures a better filtration effect on the water medium.

[0064] Therefore, when the water medium passes through the pressure regulating filter pipe 330, the first filter screen 334 filters out larger substances in the water medium, and the second filter screen 335 filters out smaller substances, achieving a high degree of standardization in filtration. As the amount of filtered material gradually increases, it will inevitably cause blockage of the first filter screen 334 and the second filter screen 335. At this time, under the action of water pressure, the pressure regulating filter screen gradually slides and compresses the spring assembly 322. At this time, the first sealing ring 331 gradually avoids the two connecting holes, thereby diverting the upstream water medium through the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b to the guide vertical pipe 500, thus ensuring the balance of water pressure upstream and downstream.

[0065] At the same time, in order to increase the filtration performance during diversion, combined with Figure 4 As shown, the inner wall of the split straight tube 320 is fitted with filter plates for sealing the two connecting holes, and the first sealing ring 331 slides in contact with the two filter plates. The filter plates and the second filter 335 have the same pore size, thereby further ensuring the filtration effect.

[0066] Continue reading Figure 1 and Figure 2In this application, adaptive drainage is achieved through the installation of a first U-shaped pipe 400a and a second U-shaped pipe 400b, ensuring balanced water pressure and reducing the frequency of filter cleaning. Simultaneously, to minimize human intervention in cleaning the first filter 334, the second filter 335, and the two filter plates 410, this application employs a backwashing principle for rapid autonomous cleaning. Specifically, the bottom of the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 is also equipped with a cleaning pump assembly extending to the outside of the split straight pipe 320; when the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 slides to the second set position, the second switch valve 610 closes, the cleaning pump assembly opens, and the U-shaped pipes on both sides backwash the multi-stage filter assembly through the water medium guided to the guide vertical pipe 500.

[0067] Specifically, the cleaning pump assembly includes: a solenoid valve 310 connected to the pressure regulating filter pipe 330, a flexible pipe 710 connected to the solenoid valve 310, and a sewage pump 700 connected to the flexible pipe 710. The split straight pipe 320 has an elongated hole for allowing the solenoid valve 310 to slide. The solenoid valve 310 is located at the front end of the first filter screen 334. When the pressure value of the pressure control switch 323 exceeds the set range, the pressure control switch 323 controls the second switch valve 610 to close, controls the solenoid valve 310 to open, and controls the sewage pump 700 to start. This reduces the frequency of cleaning the filter screen assembly and uses a self-cleaning method, quickly and conveniently ensuring smooth backwashing of the first filter screen 334 and the second filter screen 335. It should be noted that the pressure control switch 323, after reaching the set pressure under the pressure of the spring assembly 322, controls the solenoid valve 310 and the sewage pump 700 to open; these are commonly used control methods in the existing control field and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0068] As can be seen from the above structure, during the drainage filtration process, when the first filter screen 334, the second filter screen 335, and both filter plates are severely clogged, the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 is in a position with a large stroke. The pressure control switch 323 receives a large pressure value, and the pressure control switch 323 controls the second switch valve 610 to close. At this time, the water medium entering the guide vertical pipe 500 from the first U-shaped pipe 400a and the second U-shaped pipe 400b forms a reverse flow with the sewage pump 700 and the solenoid valve 310 open. The solenoid valve 310 is located at the front end of the first filter screen 334, so that smaller filter materials pass through the first filter screen 334 and are discharged to the outside by the sewage pump 700, resulting in a shorter overall cleaning time. After cleaning, the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 rebounds and resets under the action of the spring assembly 322, scraping away impurities on the two filter plates 410.

[0069] In this application, the pressure is adaptively regulated through U-shaped pipes on both sides. When the water medium in the pressure regulating filter pipe 330 becomes clogged, the U-shaped pipes on both sides divert the flow to ensure pressure balance between upstream and downstream. At the same time, the frequency of cleaning the multi-stage filter components is reduced, minimizing human intervention. In the event of severe clogging, the multi-stage filter components can be autonomously cleaned in reverse to ensure smooth drainage.

[0070] refer to Figure 6 This application provides a drainage method, comprising the following steps:

[0071] S1. Install a drainage device; the first connecting pipe is connected to the upstream pipe, the second connecting pipe is connected to the downstream pipe, and a drainage pipe is connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe.

[0072] S2, Drainage; Open the first and second switch valves, and the water medium in the upstream pipeline flows to the downstream pipeline after passing through the first connecting pipe, the drainage pipeline and the second connecting pipe.

[0073] S3, Water pressure adaptive adjustment; After the water medium passes through the multi-stage filter assembly of the pressure regulating filter pipe, the flow rate decreases after filtering impurities. Under the action of water medium pressure, the pressure regulating filter pipe is driven to slide from the first set position to the second set position. The upstream water medium is diverted to the guide vertical pipe through the U-shaped pipes on both sides.

[0074] S4, multi-stage filtration: the water medium in the upstream pipeline is filtered through the first filter screen, the second filter screen, and two filter plates, and the water pressure in the upstream and downstream is balanced.

[0075] S5. Backwashing to clean the filter screen; when the first filter screen, the second filter screen, and the two filter screen plates are severely clogged, the slider pressure spring assembly contracts, the pressure control switch reaches the maximum pressure value, controls the second switch valve to close, controls the solenoid valve to open, controls the sewage pump to start, and the water medium introduced into the guide vertical pipe through the U-shaped pipes on both sides flows back to the guide straight pipe. The filtered impurities and water medium are quickly discharged through the sewage pump; the spring assembly rebounds, and the first sealing ring scrapes off the filtered impurities on the two filter plates.

[0076] S6. Continue to drain water; the pressure control switch controls the second switch valve to open, the solenoid valve to close, and the sewage pump to close, and repeats S2.

[0077] The above methods can remove filtered impurities, reduce human intervention, and the cleaning process is simple and quick, ensuring a high efficiency in the diversion and filtration of water media.

[0078] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this disclosure, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of this specification, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0079] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring one or more embodiments of this specification, well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuits and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Furthermore, the apparatus may be illustrated in block diagram form to avoid obscuring one or more embodiments of this specification, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which one or more embodiments of this specification will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that one or more embodiments of this specification may be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0080] One or more embodiments of this specification are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0081] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A drainage device, comprising a first connecting pipe connected to an upstream pipe, a second connecting pipe connected to a downstream pipe, and a drainage pipe detachably connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe; characterized in that, a first switch valve is assembled on the first connecting pipe, and a second switch valve is assembled on the second connecting pipe; the drainage pipe comprises a flow guide elbow connected with the first connecting pipe, a flow guide straight pipe connected with the flow guide elbow, and a flow guide vertical pipe connected with the flow guide straight pipe; wherein, one end of the flow guide vertical pipe away from the flow guide straight pipe is connected with the second connecting pipe; an internal wall of the flow guide straight pipe is sealingly and slidably connected with a pressure regulating filter pipe which can be located at a first set position and a second set position, and a plurality of filter screen assemblies are assembled in the pressure regulating filter pipe; the plurality of filter screen assemblies comprise a first filter screen and a second filter screen fixedly assembled on the pressure regulating filter pipe; U-shaped pipes are mirror-imaged assembled on both sides of the flow guide straight pipe, and one end of the U-shaped pipes away from the flow guide straight pipe is connected with the flow guide vertical pipe; the internal wall of the flow guide straight pipe is oppositely provided with a sliding rail, and the pressure regulating filter pipe is assembled with a sliding block matched with the sliding rail; a spring assembly for pressing the sliding block is assembled in the sliding rail, and one end of the spring assembly away from the sliding block is connected with a pressure control switch; when the pressure regulating filter pipe is slidably located at the first set position, the pressure regulating filter pipe blocks the U-shaped pipes on both sides; when the pressure regulating filter pipe is slidably located at the second set position, the pressure regulating filter pipe avoids the U-shaped pipes on both sides, and the flow guide straight pipe is communicated with the flow guide vertical pipe through the U-shaped pipes on both sides; when the pressure regulating filter pipe slides from the first set position to the second set position, the flow of water medium in the flow guide vertical pipe through the U-shaped pipes on both sides gradually increases; a bottom of the pressure regulating filter pipe is further assembled with a cleaning pump group extending to the outside of the flow guide straight pipe; the cleaning pump group comprises an electromagnetic valve connected with the pressure regulating filter pipe, and the electromagnetic valve is located at the front end of the first filter screen; when the pressure regulating filter pipe is slidably located at the second set position, the second switch valve is closed, the cleaning pump group is opened, and the U-shaped pipes on both sides backwash the plurality of filter screen assemblies by guiding the water medium to the flow guide vertical pipe. A first sealing ring is sleeved with the flow guide straight pipe and sealingly and slidably connected with the pressure regulating filter pipe; a second sealing ring is sleeved with the flow guide straight pipe and sealingly and slidably connected with the pressure regulating filter pipe. A plurality of universal ball bearings are circumferentially provided on the first sealing ring and rollingly contacted with the inner wall of the flow guide straight pipe. The first filter screen is located at the front end of the second filter screen, and the pore size of the first filter screen is larger than that of the second filter screen. Corresponding flange pipes are connected with the U-shaped pipes on both sides through two communication holes provided on the flow guide straight pipe; A filter screen plate for blocking the two communication holes is assembled on the inner wall of the flow guide straight pipe, and the first sealing ring slides in close contact with the two filter screen plates. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The drainage device of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​ 3. A drainage arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that ​ 4. A drainage arrangement according to claim 3, characterised in that ​ 5. A drainage arrangement according to claim 4, characterised in that ​ ​ 6. A drainage arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that The middle part of the U-shaped pipeline on both sides is equipped with a Laval nozzle.

7. A drainage arrangement according to claim 6, characterised in that The sewage pump set further comprises a flexible pipe connected to the electromagnetic valve and a sewage pump connected to the flexible pipe. The flow guide straight pipe is provided with a long waist hole for sliding the electromagnetic valve; When the pressure value of the pressure control switch exceeds the set range, the pressure control switch controls the second switch valve to close, the electromagnetic valve to open, and the sewage pump to open.

8. A method of draining water using the draining device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, install the drainage device; the first connecting pipe is connected to the upstream pipeline, and the second connecting pipe is connected to the downstream pipeline; the drainage pipeline is connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe; Step two, drainage; open the first switch valve and the second switch valve; the water medium in the upstream pipeline flows to the downstream pipeline through the first connecting pipe, the drainage pipeline and the second connecting pipe; Step three, water pressure self-adaptive adjustment; after the water medium passes through the multi-stage filter screen assembly of the pressure regulating filter pipe, the impurities are filtered, the flow rate is reduced, and the pressure regulating filter pipe is driven to slide from the first set position to the second set position under the action of the water medium pressure; the water medium in the upstream pipeline is divided into two parts through the U-shaped pipeline on both sides and flows into the flow guide vertical pipe; Step four, multi-stage filtration; the water medium in the upstream pipeline is filtered through the first filter screen, the second filter screen and the two filter screen plates, and the water pressure balance between the upstream and downstream is ensured; Step five, backwashing and cleaning the filter screen; when the first filter screen, the second filter screen and the two filter screen plates are seriously blocked, the sliding block presses the spring assembly to contract, the pressure control switch is at the maximum pressure value, the second switch valve is controlled to close, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to open, and the sewage pump is controlled to open; the water medium in the U-shaped pipeline on both sides flows into the flow guide vertical pipe and then reversely flows into the flow guide straight pipe, the filtered impurities and the water medium are quickly discharged through the sewage pump; the spring assembly rebounds, and the first sealing ring scrapes off the filtered impurities on the two filter plates; Step six, continue to drain; the pressure control switch controls the second switch valve to open, the electromagnetic valve to close and the sewage pump to close, and the step two is repeated.

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