Glass composition for co-molded laminates

Abstract

Embodiments of a method for paired curved glass articles are provided herein. In the method, a first glass article and a second glass article are stacked to form a stack. The first glass article includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a first composition having a first annealing temperature and a first softening temperature. The second glass article includes a third surface, a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and a second composition having a second annealing temperature and a second softening temperature. The annealing temperatures differ from each other by no more than 35 °C, and they are at least 550 °C. The softening temperatures differ from each other by no more than 35 °C, and they are at least 750 °C. In the method, the stack is placed on a mold, and the stack is heated to a sag temperature to form a shaped stack.

Description

[0001] This invention patent application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with international application number PCT / US2019 / 047444, international application date August 21, 2019, Chinese national phase application number 201980057025.6, and invention title "Glass composition for co-formed laminate".

[0002] Cross-reference of related applications

[0003] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 724,823, filed August 30, 2018, pursuant to 35 U.SC §119, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. background

[0004] This disclosure generally relates to the formation of curved glass laminates, and more specifically, to properties of glass articles that facilitate co-forming (e.g., co-drapping or paired bending) of such glass laminates. Curved glass laminates or articles are useful in many applications, particularly for vehicles or vehicle windows. Typically, curved glass sheets used in these applications are formed from relatively thick sheets of glass material. To improve shape consistency between the individual glass sheets of a laminate, the glass material can be shaped into the desired shape / curvature through a co-forming process (e.g., a co-drapping process). The applicant has found that certain properties affect the temperature at which the glass article droops, and that differences in these properties due to different compositions, thicknesses, etc., can lead to shape mismatches between co-formed glass articles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one aspect, embodiments of this disclosure relate to a method for pairwise bending of glass articles. In this method, a first glass article and a second glass article are stacked to form a stack. The first glass article includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first glass composition having a first annealing temperature and a first softening temperature. The second glass article includes a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third surface, and a second glass composition having a second annealing temperature and a second softening temperature. The difference between the first and second annealing temperatures is within 35°C, and both the first and second annealing temperatures are at least 550°C. The difference between the first and second softening temperatures is within 35°C, and both the first and second softening temperatures are at least 750°C. Furthermore, in the stack, the second main surface faces the third main surface. In this method, the stack is placed on a mold, and the stack is heated to a sag temperature to form a shaped stack. The sag temperature is higher than both the first and second annealing temperatures.

[0006] In another aspect, embodiments of this disclosure relate to a laminate. The laminate includes a first curved glass layer, a second curved glass layer, and an intervening layer. The first curved glass layer includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, a first thickness defined as the distance between the first and second main surfaces, and a first sag depth greater than or equal to about 2 mm. Additionally, the first curved glass layer has a first glass composition having a first annealing temperature and a first softening temperature. The second curved glass layer includes a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, a second thickness defined as the distance between the third and fourth main surfaces, and a second sag depth greater than or equal to about 2 mm. Additionally, the second curved glass layer has a second glass composition having a second annealing temperature and a second softening temperature. The intervening layer is disposed between the second main surface and the third main surface of the first curved glass layer. The difference between the first and second annealing temperatures is within 35°C, and both the first and second annealing temperatures are above 550°C. The difference between the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature is within 35°C, and both the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature are above 750°C. In addition, at least one of the first curved glass layer and the second curved glass layer is strengthened.

[0007] In another aspect, embodiments of this disclosure relate to a laminate. The laminate includes a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and an intervening layer. The first glass layer includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first thickness defined as the distance between the first and second main surfaces. Additionally, the first curved glass layer is made of a first glass composition having a first annealing temperature (AT1) and a first softening temperature (ST1). The second glass layer includes a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, and a second thickness defined as the distance between the third and fourth main surfaces. The second curved glass layer is made of a second glass composition having a second annealing temperature (AT2) and a second softening temperature (ST2). The intervening layer is disposed between the second main surface and the third main surface of the first curved glass layer. Furthermore, the difference between (AT1+ST1) / 2 and (AT2+ST2) / 2 is within 35°C, and the first curved glass layer is ion-exchange strengthened. The first thickness is less than the second thickness.

[0008] In another aspect, embodiments of this disclosure relate to a laminate. The laminate includes a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and an intervening layer. The first glass layer includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first thickness defined as the distance between the first and second main surfaces. Additionally, the first curved glass layer is made of a first glass composition having a first annealing temperature (AT1) and a first softening temperature (ST1). The second glass layer includes a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, and a second thickness defined as the distance between the third and fourth main surfaces. The second curved glass layer is made of a second glass composition having a second annealing temperature (AT2) and a second softening temperature (ST2). The intervening layer is disposed between the second main surface of the first curved glass layer and the third main surface of the second curved glass layer. Furthermore, the difference between (AT1+ST1) / 2 and (AT2+ST2) / 2 is within 35°C, and both the first and second curved glass layers are ion-exchange strengthened. The first thickness is less than the second thickness.

[0009] Other features and advantages are set forth in the following detailed description, some of which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, or will be recognized by practicing the embodiments described in the written description and its claims and the accompanying drawings.

[0010] It should be understood that the general description above and the specific embodiments below are merely exemplary and are intended to provide a general overview or framework for understanding the nature and features of the claims.

[0011] The accompanying drawings provide further understanding and are incorporated in and form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation of each embodiment. Brief description of the attached figures

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stack of glass sheets for co-hanging, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0013] Figure 2 According to an exemplary embodiment, a cross-sectional schematic diagram of stacked glass sheets supported on a bending ring is shown.

[0014] Figure 3 According to an exemplary embodiment, a device supported by a bending ring is shown in a heating station. Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the stacked glass sheets.

[0015] Figure 4 According to an exemplary implementation, Figure 2 Detailed view of the stacked glass sheets.

[0016] Figure 5 According to an exemplary implementation, from the method for forming Figure 2 A plan view of a glass preform cut from stacked glass sheets.

[0017] Figure 6 This illustrates the degree of sagging experienced by a relatively thick glass sheet in a heating station.

[0018] Figure 7 This illustrates the degree of sagging experienced by a relatively thin glass sheet in a heating station.

[0019] Figure 8 According to one exemplary embodiment, it is illustrated that the viscosity profile of a glass sheet is shifted to the right by changing the composition from soda-lime glass.

[0020] Figure 9 Viscosity profiles of various glass compositions applicable to glass sheets in exemplary embodiments are shown compared to the viscosity profiles of soda-lime glass.

[0021] Figure 10 Viscosity profiles of the modified soda-lime glass composition of the exemplary embodiments are shown compared to the viscosity profiles of soda-lime glass. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Referring generally to the accompanying drawings, various embodiments of systems and methods for forming, bending, or drooping glass laminates to form curved glass articles are shown and described. Generally, conventional methods for forming curved laminated glass articles involve heating a pair of stacked glass sheets or laminations located on a forming ring at a drooping temperature until the glass droops to the desired shape and depth. Typically, the stacked glass laminations include a relatively thick glass lamination with soda-lime glass (SLG) (i.e., the first glass lamination), particularly for automotive assembly glass applications, and a relatively thin glass lamination of strengthened or temperable glass (i.e., the second glass lamination), which generally has a different composition from the SLG. Due to differences in composition, thickness, and associated viscosity, shape mismatch and optical distortion can occur during co-forming processes (e.g., co-drooping or paired bending). Previous attempts to address this problem have often focused on altering the viscosity profile of the thinner temperable glass lamination to match the viscosity of the SLG lamination. However, this often reduces the strengthening properties of thinner, strengthenable glass sheets or increases the cost and time involved in strengthening processes (such as ion exchange). However, according to this disclosure, the SLG composition of relatively thick glass sheets is modified or completely altered to shift the viscosity profile of the thicker sheets towards that of the thinner sheets.

[0023] More specifically, according to this disclosure, the relatively thick SLG layer in a laminated glass product is replaced by another glass composition whose viscosity profile is closer to that of the relatively thinner strengthened glass layer. That is, the SLG replacement layer is selected such that its softening temperature, annealing temperature, strain temperature, and / or co-sag temperature differ from those of the strengthened glass layer by less than or equal to 35°C. Additionally, in embodiments, the SLG replacement layer has a softening point above 750°C and an annealing point above 550°C. These and other embodiments will be described more fully below. These embodiments are provided by way of illustration and not limitation.

[0024] like Figure 6 As shown, when the glass sheets sag under their own weight, the thicker glass sheet 100 will produce a more parabolic shape. However, as... Figure 7 As shown, the thinner glass sheet 102 will produce a "bathtub"-like shape, where the curvature is greatest near the edge and decreases near the center. As a result, a shape mismatch occurs between the glass sheets when both sheets hang together. Furthermore, when the thin sheet hangs over the thick sheet, the contact pressure near the edge increases, while when the thick sheet hangs over the thin sheet, the contact pressure near the center increases. This increase in contact pressure is thought to contribute to the formation of bend point defects by increasing the imprint of separating material particles on the glass surface. Therefore, as should be understood, Figure 6 and 7 The difference in the drooping shape shown generally increases with the increase in the thickness difference and viscosity difference between the two glass layers. Therefore, the sensitivity to shape mismatch and the formation of bend points also increases with the increase in the thickness difference and viscosity difference between the two glass layers.

[0025] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figure illustrates a system and method for forming curved glass articles according to an exemplary embodiment. Generally, system 10 includes one or more glass material sheets, shown in the figures as a pair of glass sheets, namely, a first glass sheet 12 and a second glass sheet 14, which are supported by a forming frame shown as a curved ring 16. It should be understood that the curved ring 16 can have various shapes, chosen based on the shape of the supported glass sheet, and the use of the term "ring" does not necessarily mean circular.

[0026] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a separating material 18 is applied to the upper surface of the downward-facing glass sheet 12. Generally, the separating material 18 is a material that prevents sheets 12 and 14 from bonding together during the heating phase of bending formation. Figure 1As shown, the curved ring 16 includes supporting walls, illustrated as a side wall 20 and a bottom wall 22. The side wall 20 extends upward and away from the bottom wall 22. A radially inward-facing surface 24 of the side wall 20 defines an open central region or cavity 26, and an upward-facing surface of the bottom wall 22 defines the lower end of the cavity 26. A radially outward-facing surface 25 faces away from the inward-facing surface 24.

[0027] Separating material 18 is applied to the upper surface of glass sheet 12. An upper glass sheet 14 is placed on top of the separating material 18 such that the lower surface of the upper glass sheet 14 contacts the separating material 18. (As in...) Figure 1 and 2 As can be seen, in this arrangement, the separating material 18 acts as a barrier between the glass sheets 12 and 14, preventing them from bonding together at high temperatures during the descent process.

[0028] To initiate the forming process, the outer region 28 of glass sheet 12, located near the outer peripheral edge 30 of the glass sheet, is positioned in contact with a supporting surface, which is shown as the upward-facing surface 32 of the curved ring 16. In this arrangement, both glass sheets 12 and 14 are supported by contact between the upward-facing surface 32 and the glass sheet 12, such that the central region 34 of glass sheets 12 and 14 is supported above the central cavity 26.

[0029] Next, refer to Figure 3 The bending ring 16, the supported glass sheets 12 and 14, and the separating material 18 are moved into a heating station 40, such as a furnace or a serial indexing lehr. In the heating station 40, the glass sheets 12 and 14, the separating material 18, and the bending ring 16 are heated (e.g., to the sag temperature of the glass material of the glass sheets 12 and 14), while the glass sheets 12 and 14 are supported on the bending ring 16. As the glass sheets 12 and 14 are heated, forming forces, such as a downward force 42, cause the central region 34 of the glass sheets 12 and 14 to deform downward or sag into the central cavity 26 of the bending ring 16.

[0030] In specific embodiments, the downward force is provided by gravity. In some embodiments, the downward force 42 can be provided by air pressure (e.g., creating a vacuum on the convex sides of glass sheets 12 and 14, blowing air onto the concave side of glass sheet 14 via a press) or by a contact-based molding machine. Regardless of the source of the deformation force, the process gives glass sheets 12 and 14 a curved shape, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0031] In this implementation, the curved shape defines the sag depth. For example, in... Figure 3As can be seen, the first sag depth 43 is the deviation from the plane traversed by the first glass layer 12 after sag, and the second sag depth 44 is the deviation from the plane traversed by the second glass layer 14 after sag. In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first sag depth 43 and the second sag depth 44 are greater than or equal to about 2 mm. For example, one or both of the first sag depth 43 and the second sag depth 44 can be in the following ranges: about 2 mm to about 30 mm, about 4 mm to about 30 mm, about 5 mm to about 30 mm, about 6 mm to about 30 mm, about 8 mm to about 30 mm, about 10 mm to about 30 mm, about 12 mm to about 30 mm, about 14 mm to about 30 mm, about 15 mm to about 30 mm, about 2 mm to about 28 mm, about 2 mm to about 26 mm, about 2 mm to about 25 mm, about 2 mm Approximately 24 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 22 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 20 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 18 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 16 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 15 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 14 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 12 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 10 mm, approximately 2 mm to approximately 8 mm, approximately 6 mm to approximately 20 mm, approximately 8 mm to approximately 18 mm, approximately 10 mm to approximately 15 mm, approximately 12 mm to approximately 22 mm, approximately 15 mm to approximately 25 mm, or approximately 18 mm to approximately 22 mm.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, the first droop depth 43 and the second droop depth 44 are substantially equal to each other. In one or more embodiments, the second droop depth 44 differs from the first droop depth 43 by less than 10%. For example, the difference between the second droop depth 44 and the first droop depth 43 is within 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, or 5%. As an example, the first droop depth 43 is about 15 mm, and the second droop depth 44 is in the range of about 13.5 mm to about 16.5 mm (or differs from the first droop depth 43 by less than 10%).

[0033] After determining the time allowed for the glass sheets 12 and 14 to form the desired sag depth, the bending ring 16 and the supported glass sheets 12 and / or 14 are then cooled to room temperature. Thus, the shaped, deformed, or bent glass sheets 12 and 14 are cooled, thereby fixing the glass sheets 12 and 14 into the bent shape produced in the heating station 40. Once cooled, the bent glass sheets 12 and 14 are removed from the bending ring 16, and another set of flat glass sheets is placed on the bending ring 16, and the forming process is repeated. After forming, the now-bent glass sheets 12 and 14 are combined [e.g., typically through a polymer interlayer, such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB)] to form the final bent glass laminate.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, after the forming operation, the first glass layer 12 and the second glass layer 14 include a shape deviation of ±5 mm or less between them, which is measured by a three-dimensional optical scanner, for example, an ATOS Triple Scan supplied by GOM GmbH in Braunschweig, Germany. Reference Figure 4 The first glass sheet 12 has a first main surface 45 and a second main surface 46, and the second glass sheet 14 has a third main surface 47 and a fourth main surface 48. In one or more embodiments, the shape deviation between the second main surface 46 and the third main surface 47, or the shape deviation between the first main surface 45 and the fourth main surface 48, is measured. In one or more embodiments, the shape deviation between the first glass sheet 12 and the second glass sheet 14 is about ±4 mm or less, about ±3 mm or less, about ±2 mm or less, about ±1 mm or less, about ±0.8 mm or less, about ±0.6 mm or less, about ±0.5 mm or less, about ±0.4 mm or less, about ±0.3 mm or less, about ±0.2 mm or less, or about ±0.1 mm or less. As used herein, shape deviation refers to the maximum shape deviation measured on the relevant surface.

[0035] Additionally, in one or more embodiments, after forming, one or both of the first primary surface 45 and the fourth primary surface 48 exhibit minimal optical distortion. For example, one or both of the first primary surface 45 and the fourth primary surface 48 exhibit optical distortion less than about 400 micro-refractive degrees, less than about 300 micro-refractive degrees, or less than about 250 micro-refractive degrees, as measured by an optical distortion detector using transmission optics according to ASTM 1561. A suitable optical distortion detector is supplied by ISRA VISIION AG, located in Darmstadt, Germany, under the trade name SCREENSCAN-Faultfinder. In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first primary surface 45 and the fourth primary surface 48 exhibit optical distortion less than or equal to about 190 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 180 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 170 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 160 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 150 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 140 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 130 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 120 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 110 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 100 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 90 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 80 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 70 microrefractive degrees, less than or equal to about 60 microrefractive degrees, or less than or equal to about 50 microrefractive degrees. As used herein, optical distortion refers to the maximum optical distortion measured on the relevant surface.

[0036] In one or more embodiments, the first primary surface 45 or the second primary surface 46 of the first glass sheet 12 exhibits low film tensile stress. Film tensile stress can occur during the cooling of bent layers and laminates. As the glass cools, surface compression can form on the primary surface and the edge surface (orthogonal to the primary surface), which is offset by a central region exhibiting tensile stress. Bending or forming can introduce additional surface tension near the edges and cause the central tensile region to be close to the glass surface. Therefore, the film tensile stress is the tensile stress measured near the edge (e.g., about 10-25 mm from the edge surface). In one or more embodiments, the film tensile stress at the first primary surface 45 or the second primary surface 46 of the first glass sheet 12 is less than about 7 MPa, which is measured by a surface stress meter according to ASTM C1279. One example of such a surface stress meter is manufactured by Strainoptic Technologies under the trademark. (Grazing angle surface polarizer) supplied. In one or more embodiments, the film tensile stress at the first primary surface 45 or the second primary surface 46 of the first glass sheet 12 is less than or equal to about 6 MPa, less than or equal to about 5 MPa, less than or equal to about 4 MPa, or less than or equal to about 3 MPa. In one or more embodiments, the lower limit of the film tensile stress is about 0.01 MPa or about 0.1 MPa.

[0037] like Figure 4As shown, the first main surface 45 and the second main surface 46 define the thickness T1 of the first glass layer 12 between them, and the third main surface 47 and the fourth main surface 48 define the thickness T2 of the second glass layer 14 between them. In one or more embodiments, either or both of the thickness T1 of the first glass layer 12 and the thickness T2 of the second glass layer 14 are less than 1.6 mm (e.g., less than or equal to 1.55 mm, less than or equal to 1.5 mm, less than or equal to 1.45 mm, less than or equal to 1.4 mm, less than or equal to 1.35 mm, less than or equal to 1.3 mm, less than or equal to 1.25 mm, less than or equal to 1.2 mm, less than or equal to 1.15 mm, less than or equal to 1.1 mm, less than or equal to 1.05 mm, less than or equal to 1 mm, less than or equal to 0.9 mm). The thicknesses are 5mm, less than or equal to 0.9mm, less than or equal to 0.85mm, less than or equal to 0.8mm, less than or equal to 0.75mm, less than or equal to 0.7mm, less than or equal to 0.65mm, less than or equal to 0.6mm, less than or equal to 0.55mm, less than or equal to 0.5mm, less than or equal to 0.45mm, less than or equal to 0.4mm, less than or equal to 0.35mm, less than or equal to 0.3mm, less than or equal to 0.25mm, less than or equal to 0.2mm, less than or equal to 0.15mm, or less than or equal to approximately 0.1mm. The lower limit of thickness T1 or T2 can be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, or 0.3mm. In some embodiments, the thickness T1 of glass layer 12 or the thickness T2 of glass layer 14, or both, falls within the following ranges: about 0.1 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.1 mm, and about 0.2 mm to less than about 1 mm. The thicknesses are approximately 6 mm, about 0.3 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.4 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.5 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.6 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.7 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.8 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 0.9 mm to less than about 1.6 mm, about 1 mm to about 1.6 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.7 mm to about 1 mm. In some embodiments, the glass sheets 12 and 14 have substantially the same thickness as each other (i.e., T1 ≈ T2).

[0038] In some embodiments, when the thickness of one of the first glass layer 12 and the second glass layer 14 is less than about 1.6 mm, the thickness of the other of the first glass layer and the second glass layer is greater than or equal to about 1 mm, or greater than or equal to about 1.6 mm. In one or more embodiments, the thickness T1 of the glass layer 12 and the thickness T2 of the glass layer 14 are different from each other. For example, when either the thickness T1 of glass layer 12 or the thickness T2 of glass layer 14 is less than about 1.6 mm, the other of the thickness T1 of glass layer 12 or the thickness T2 of glass layer 14 is greater than or equal to about 1.7 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.75 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.8 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.7 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.7 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.7 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.85 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.9 mm, greater than or equal to about 1.95 mm, greater than or equal to about 2 mm, greater than or equal to about 2.1 mm, greater than or equal to about 2.2 mm, greater than or equal to about 2.3 mm, or greater than or equal to about 2.4 mm. ≥2.5mm, ≥2.6mm, ≥2.7mm, ≥2.8mm, ≥2.9mm, ≥3mm, ≥3.2mm, ≥3.4mm, ≥3.5mm, ≥3.6mm, ≥3.8mm, ≥4mm, ≥4.2mm, ≥4.4mm, ≥4.6mm, ≥4.8mm, ≥5mm, ≥5.2mm, ≥5.4mm, ≥5.6mm, ≥5.8mm, or ≥6mm.In some embodiments, the thickness of the first glass layer and / or the second glass layer is in the following ranges: about 1.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.7 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.8 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.9 mm to about 6 mm, about 2 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.1 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.2 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.3 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.4 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.6 mm to about 6 mm, about 2.8 mm to about 6 mm, about 3 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.2 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.4 mm to about 6 mm, about 3.6 mm to about 6 mm, and about 3.8 mm to about 6 mm. mm, about 4 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.5 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5.2 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 5 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4.2 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 4 mm, about 3.8 mm to about 5.8 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.6 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.4 mm, about 1.6 mm to about 3.2 mm, or about 1.6 mm to about 3 mm.

[0039] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, when stacked on the bending ring 16, the thicker glass sheet 12 is located below the thinner glass sheet 14. However, it should be understood that in other embodiments, in a stack supported by the bending ring 16, the thinner glass sheet 14 may be located below the thicker glass sheet 12.

[0040] In various embodiments, glass sheet 12 is formed of a first glass material / composition, and glass sheet 14 is formed of a second glass material / composition different from the first glass material. In some embodiments, the viscosity of the first glass material is different from the viscosity of the second glass material during heating in heating station 40. In other embodiments, glass sheets 12 and 14 are formed of the same glass material / composition. However, in such embodiments, glass sheets 12 and 14 may have different thicknesses. In some embodiments, glass sheets 12 and 14 are at least one of modified SLG, aluminosilicate glass, alkaline aluminosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, phosphoroaluminoborosilicate glass, or alkaline aluminoborosilicate glass.

[0041] In embodiments, the glass compositions of glass layers 12 and 14 are selected such that their thermal properties differ from each other within a certain temperature range. In embodiments, the strain point, annealing point, softening point, and / or co-droop temperature differ within 35°C. In other embodiments, the strain point, annealing point, softening point, and / or co-droop temperature differ within 25°C. In still other embodiments, the strain point, annealing point, softening point, and / or co-droop temperature differ within 15°C. The co-droop temperature can be defined in various ways. In embodiments, the co-droop temperature is defined as (annealing point + softening point) / 2. In such embodiments, the co-droop temperature as (annealing point + softening point) / 2 is at least 650°C, while in other embodiments, the co-droop temperature as (annealing point + softening point) / 2 is at most 750°C. In another embodiment, the co-droop temperature is defined as the temperature at which a specified viscosity is achieved. For example, in one embodiment, the co-droop temperature is when the viscosity is 10... 9 Up to 10 13 The temperature at which the vessel is anchored (referred to as temperature T) log9 To T log13 In one specific implementation, the co-droop temperature is defined as a viscosity of 10. 12 The temperature at which the vessel was moored (i.e., temperature T) log12 In the implementation method, temperature T log12 The softening point is at least 575°C. In another embodiment, glass sheets 12 and 14 have a composition having a softening point of at least 750°C. In yet another embodiment, glass sheets 12 and 14 have a composition having an annealing point of at least 550°C. In yet another embodiment, glass sheets 12 and 14 have a composition having a softening point of at most 875°C and / or an annealing point of at most 625°C.

[0042] In embodiments, glass sheets 12 and / or 14 are chemically strengthened, for example, by ion exchange. In embodiments, the depth of the chemically strengthened compressive layer (DOL) is in the range of about 30 μm to about 90 μm, and the compressive stress on at least one of the main surfaces of the sheet is between 300 MPa and 1000 MPa. In some embodiments, the chemically strengthened glass is strengthened by ion exchange.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, glass sheets 12, 14 may be strengthened to include compressive stress (CS) extending from the surface to the DOL. The surface (CS) region is balanced by exhibiting a central portion of tensile stress (CT). At the DOL, the stress changes from positive stress (compressive stress) to negative stress (tensile stress); however, the compressive and tensile stress values ​​provided herein are absolute values.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the mismatch of the coefficients of thermal expansion between different parts of the article can be used to create compressive stress zones and a central region exhibiting tensile stress, thereby mechanically strengthening the glass layers 12, 14. In some embodiments, the glass article can be thermally strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature below its glass transition point and then rapidly quenching it.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, glass sheets 12, 14 may be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. During ion exchange, ions at or near the surface of the glass article are replaced (or exchanged) by larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments where the glass article comprises alkaline aluminosilicate glass, the ions and larger ions in the surface layer of the article are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li. + Na + K + 、Rb + and Cs + Alternatively, the monovalent cations in the surface layer can be monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag. + Replacement. In such an embodiment, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass article generate stress. The ion exchange process is typically carried out by immersing glass sheets 12, 14 in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing larger ions to be exchanged with smaller ions in the glass article. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths can also be used. Furthermore, the composition of the bath may contain more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na+). + and K + (or a single, larger ion.) Those skilled in the art will understand that the parameters of the ion exchange process include, but are not limited to: bath composition and temperature, immersion time, number of immersions of the glass article in the salt bath (or multiple salt baths), use of multiple salt baths, and additional steps (e.g., annealing, washing, etc.), which are generally determined by the composition of the glass article (including the structure of the article and any crystalline phases present), and the desired DOL and CS of the glass article obtained by strengthening. Exemplary molten bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Common nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4, and combinations thereof. Depending on the glass sheet thickness, bath temperature, and glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity, the temperature of the molten salt bath is typically in the range of about 380°C to a maximum of about 450°C, while the immersion time ranges from about 15 minutes to a maximum of about 100 hours. However, different temperatures and immersion times may also be used.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, the glass sheets 12, 14 may be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 at a temperature of about 370°C to about 480°C.

[0047] In some embodiments, the glass articles may be immersed in a molten salt bath containing about 5% to about 90% KNO3 and about 10% to about 95% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, after immersing the glass articles in a first bath, they may be immersed in a second bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and / or temperatures. The immersion times in the first and second baths may differ. For example, the immersion in the first bath may be longer than the immersion in the second bath.

[0048] In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath containing NaNO3 and KNO3 (e.g., 49% / 51%, 50% / 50%, 51% / 49%) at a temperature below about 420°C (e.g., about 400°C or about 380°C) for less than about 5 hours or even about 4 hours or less.

[0049] Ion exchange conditions can be customized to provide a “spik” or increase the slope of the stress distribution curve at or near the surface of the resulting glass sheet. A spike can result in a larger surface CS value. Due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass articles described herein, this spike can be achieved through a single bath or multiple baths, wherein the single bath or multiple baths have a single composition or a mixture of compositions.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, if more than one type of monovalent ion is exchanged into the glass article, the different monovalent ions can be exchanged into different depths within the glass article (and generate stresses of different amplitudes at different depths within the glass article). The relative depths of the resulting stress-generating ions can be determined, and these relative depths can cause the stress distribution curves to have different characteristics.

[0051] Surface stress (CS) is measured using methods known in the art, such as by a surface stress meter (FSM), employing a commercially available instrument like the FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd., Japan. Surface stress measurement relies on the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC is measured using methods known in the art, such as the fiber and four-point bending method, and the large cylinder method. The fiber and four-point bending method are both described in ASTM C770-98 (2013), entitled "Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient," the entire text of which is incorporated herein by reference. As used herein, CS can refer to "maximum compressive stress," which is the highest compressive stress value measured in the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass article. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, thus giving a compression distribution curve that appears as a "buried peak."

[0052] Depending on the strengthening method and conditions, DOL can be measured by an ion exchange microscopy (FSM) or by a scattered light polarizer (SCALP) (such as the SCALP-04 scattered light polarizer from Glassstress Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia). When chemically strengthening glass articles by ion exchange, either an FSM or a SCALP can be used, depending on the type of ions exchanged into the glass layers. If the stress in the glass layer is generated by exchanging potassium ions into the glass article, the DOL is measured using an FSM. If the stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the glass layer, the DOL is measured using a SCALP. If the stress in the glass article is generated by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions into the glass, the DOL is measured using a SCALP, because the exchange depth of sodium is considered to represent the DOL, while the exchange depth of potassium ions represents the magnitude of the change in compressive stress (but not the change from compressive stress to tensile stress); in such glass layers, the exchange depth of potassium ions is measured using an FSM.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be strengthened to exhibit DOL, where DOC is described as a fraction of the thickness T1 or T2 of the glass layers (as described herein). For ease of reference, T1 and T2 will be collectively referred to as "t" in the following discussion. For example, in one or more embodiments, DOL may be equal to or greater than about 0.03t, equal to or greater than about 0.05t, equal to or greater than about 0.06t, equal to or greater than about 0.1t, equal to or greater than about 0.11t, equal to or greater than about 0.12t, equal to or greater than about 0.13t, equal to or greater than about 0.14t, equal to or greater than about 0.15t, equal to or greater than about 0.16t, equal to or greater than about 0.17t, equal to or greater than about 0.18t, equal to or greater than about 0.19t, equal to or greater than about 0.2t, or equal to or greater than about 0.21t. In some implementations, the DOL can be in the following ranges: about 0.03t to about 0.25t, about 0.04t to about 0.25t, about 0.05t to about 0.25t, about 0.06t to about 0.25t, about 0.07t to about 0.25t, about 0.08t to about 0.25t, about 0.09t to about 0.25t, about 0.18t to about 0.25t, about 0.11t to about 0.25t, about 0.12t to about 0.25t, and about 0.13t to about 0.2t. 5t, about 0.14t to about 0.25t, about 0.15t to about 0.25t, about 0.03t to about 0.24t, about 0.03t to about 0.23t, about 0.03t to about 0.22t, about 0.03t to about 0.21t, about 0.03t to about 0.2t, about 0.03t to about 0.19t, about 0.03t to about 0.18t, about 0.03t to about 0.17t, about 0.03t to about 0.16t, or about 0.03t to about 0.15t. In some cases, DOL can be about 20 μm or smaller.In one or more embodiments, DOL may be greater than or equal to about 35 μm (e.g., about 40 μm to about 300 μm, about 50 μm to about 300 μm, about 60 μm to about 300 μm, about 70 μm to about 300 μm, about 80 μm to about 300 μm, about 90 μm to about 300 μm, about 100 μm to about 300 μm, about 110 μm to about 300 μm, about 120 μm to about 300 μm, about 140 μm to about 300 μm, about 150 μm to about 300 μm, about 40 μm to about 290 μm, about 40 μm to about 28 μm). 0 μm, about 40 μm to about 260 μm, about 40 μm to about 250 μm, about 40 μm to about 240 μm, about 40 μm to about 230 μm, about 40 μm to about 220 μm, about 40 μm to about 210 μm, about 40 μm to about 200 μm, about 40 μm to about 180 μm, about 40 μm to about 160 μm, about 40 μm to about 150 μm, about 40 μm to about 140 μm, about 40 μm to about 130 μm, about 40 μm to about 120 μm, about 40 μm to about 110 μm, or about 40 μm to about 100 μm).

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the CS of the strengthened glass layer (which can be found at the surface of the glass layer or at some depth in the glass layer) can be greater than or equal to about 200 MPa, greater than or equal to 300 MPa, greater than or equal to 400 MPa, greater than or equal to about 500 MPa, greater than or equal to about 600 MPa, greater than or equal to about 700 MPa, greater than or equal to about 800 MPa, greater than or equal to about 900 MPa, greater than or equal to about 930 MPa, greater than or equal to about 1000 MPa, or greater than or equal to about 1050 MPa.

[0055] In one or more embodiments, the maximum CT of the enhanced glass slice can be greater than or equal to about 20 MPa, greater than or equal to about 30 MPa, greater than or equal to about 40 MPa, greater than or equal to about 45 MPa, greater than or equal to about 50 MPa, greater than or equal to about 60 MPa, greater than or equal to about 70 MPa, greater than or equal to about 75 MPa, greater than or equal to about 80 MPa, or greater than or equal to about 85 MPa. In some embodiments, the maximum CT can be in the range of about 40 MPa to about 100 MPa.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, when the thickness of glass layers 12 and / or 14 is 0.7 mm, glass layers 12 and / or 14 exhibit an average total solar transmittance of about 88% or less in the wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 2500 nm. For example, glass layers 12 and / or 14 exhibit an average total solar transmittance in the following ranges: about 60% to about 88%, about 62% to about 88%, about 64% to about 88%, about 65% to about 88%, about 66% to about 88%, about 68% to about 88%, about 70% to about 88%, about 72% to about 88%, about 60% to about 86%, about 60% to about 85%, about 60% to about 84%, about 60% to about 82%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 78%, about 60% to about 76%, about 60% to about 75%, about 60% to about 74%, or about 60% to about 72%.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, glass sheets 12 and / or 14 exhibit an average transmittance of about 75% to about 85% in the wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm when the thickness is 0.7 mm or 1 mm. In some embodiments, the average transmittance at this thickness and in this wavelength range can be in the following ranges: about 75% to about 84%, about 75% to about 83%, about 75% to about 82%, about 75% to about 81%, about 75% to about 80%, about 76% to about 85%, about 77% to about 85%, about 78% to about 85%, about 79% to about 85%, or about 80% to about 85%. In one or more embodiments, glass sheets 12 and / or 14 exhibit an average transmittance of about 75% to about 85% in the wavelength range of about 300 nm to about 400 nm when the thickness is 0.7 mm or 1 mm. uv-380 or T uv-400 Less than or equal to 50% (e.g., less than or equal to 49%, less than or equal to 48%, less than or equal to 45%, less than or equal to 40%, less than or equal to 30%, less than or equal to 25%, less than or equal to 23%, less than or equal to 20%, or less than or equal to 15%).

[0058] For completeness reasons, additional steps for forming glass laminates are provided before and after the co-drapping process. For example, see reference... Figure 5Glass sheets 12 or 14 (also referred to as preforms) are cut from their respective original glass sheets 52. The original glass sheets 52 can be manufactured through various forming processes, such as float glass, fusion drawing, or updrawing. Generally, the process is selected based on the resulting glass having sufficient dimensional tolerances and desired properties, such as desired optical, mechanical, thermal, and / or weathering properties. Additionally, any or both of glass sheets 12, 14 can be strengthened, for example, by chemical strengthening (e.g., ion exchange strengthening) or thermal tempering, or any or both of glass sheets 12, 14 can be used in their formed and / or annealed form without subsequent strengthening.

[0059] In various embodiments, curved glass laminates formed by the methods and / or systems described herein are provided. In a specific embodiment, the curved glass laminate comprises sheets 12 and 14 bonded together by intercalary layers (e.g., polymeric intercalary layers, such as polyvinyl butyral layers). In such embodiments, the glass laminate formed by glass sheets 12 and 14 is highly asymmetrical (e.g., having large thickness differences and / or material property differences as described above), but simultaneously has low-level bend point defects and low-level shape differences between the sheets.

[0060] In various embodiments, the bent glass sheets 12 and / or 14 can be used for a variety of applications. In specific embodiments, glass laminates produced by the systems and methods described herein are used to form windows for vehicles (e.g., automobiles). In specific embodiments, laminates formed from glass sheets 12 and / or 14 can form side lights, windshields, rear windows, windows, rearview mirrors, and sunroofs for vehicles. As used herein, vehicles include automobiles, rail vehicles, locomotives, small boats, ships, and aircraft, helicopters, drones, spacecraft, etc. In other embodiments, laminates formed from glass sheets 12 and / or 14 can be used for various other applications, such as architectural glass, architectural decorative glass, etc. Thin, bent glass laminates can be advantageous for a variety of other applications.

[0061] Exemplary combinations of glass compositions for paired curved glass laminates

[0062] As described above, glass layer 12 is selected to match the viscosity profile of glass layer 14. Generally, glass layer 14 is strengthenable, and by shifting the viscosity profile of glass layer 12 towards that of glass layer 14 (which is typically selected due to its enhancing mechanical properties), the pairwise forming properties of the stack of glass layers 12 and 14 are enhanced. Specifically, shifting the viscosity profile of glass layer 14 to the left results in a faster decline in the economics of mechanical properties and chemical strengthening compared to shifting the viscosity profile of glass layer 12 to the right. Figure 8 The general concept described herein is illustrated, wherein the SLG layer is replaced by a composition (glass 1) whose viscosity profile is further shifted to the right towards a glass composition (glass 5) that has enhanced mechanical properties, especially when said properties are achieved through chemical strengthening.

[0063] Table 1 provides various glass compositions suitable for use as glass laminate 12 or glass laminate 14. Glass 1 is the first composition as an alkaline aluminosilicate glass. Nominally, the compositional limits of Glass 1 are: 63-75 mol% SiO2, 7-13 mol% Al2O3, 13-24 mol% R2O (wherein R is at least one of Li, Na, or K), and 0-7 mol% MgO or ZnO. Glass 2 is also an alkaline aluminosilicate glass. Nominally, it has the same composition as Glass 1, but with the addition of 0.1-1.2 mol% P2O5. Glass 3 and Glass 4 are aluminum-phosphorus borosilicate glasses, which generally have the following composition: 65-75 mol% SiO2, 5-15 mol% Al2O3, 5-15 mol% B2O3, 1-5 mol% P2O5, and 1-15 mol% R2O (wherein R is at least one of Li, Na, or K). In comparison, Glass 4 contains more Li₂O than Glass 3, but less B₂O₃ and Na₂O. Glass 5 is an alkaline aluminosilicate glass composition with lower Al₂O₃ and R₂O contents than Glass 1 and Glass 2. However, Glass 5 contains more MgO and SiO₂ than Glass 1 and Glass 2. Various properties of the glass compositions are provided as shown in Table 1. For thermal properties, various viscosity temperatures are given. Specifically, T... 200kP T 35kP T 400P and T 200P These refer to the temperatures at which the glass viscosities are 200 kPa, 35 kPa, 400 kPa, and 200 kPa, respectively. These temperatures are generally applicable to the melting and forming process. These temperatures are also used to calculate the HTV Fulcher constant found in Table 1. Additionally, T... log9.9 (That is, viscosity is 10) 9.9 The temperature at point P is used as a reference for the droop temperature.

[0064] Table 1: Exemplary compositions of glass sheets 12 and 14

[0065]

[0066] In addition to glasses 1-5, other commercially available glasses may also be used in the glass compositions of glass layers 12 and 14. Exemplary reinforced SLGs that are commercially available and have the necessary viscosity properties include: FALCON glass (purchased from AGC), V95 glass (purchased from Saint-Gobain), and GLANOVA glass (purchased from Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd). Compared to conventional SLGs, reinforced SLGs generally include a higher alumina concentration and a lower alkali metal to alumina ratio. Figure 9 Viscosity profiles for glasses 1-4, as well as V95, FALCON, and GLANOVA glasses, are provided. For comparative purposes, [the following is a list of parameters]. Figure 9 Viscosity profiles for two commercially available SLGs are provided. The SLGs are C5 glass (purchased from PGW Auto Glass LLC) and Hirschler glass (purchased from Guardian Glass LLC). The viscosity profiles are shown in the typical sag viscosity range. As can be seen, both SLGs have the leftmost profile. Compared to the SLG viscosity profiles, the viscosity profile of the glass used in embodiments of this disclosure is shifted to the right.

[0067] Furthermore, Table 2 below provides additional glass compositions suitable for use as at least one of glass sheets 12 and 14. Specifically, Table 2 provides compositional data for two modified SLGs and the composition of a reference SLG. As can be seen in the comparison of Mod1 (modified glass 1) and Mod2 (modified glass 2) with the SLG, Mod1 and Mod2 contain less SiO2 and more Al2O3 and Na2O. Between Mod1 and Mod2, Mod2 contains less SiO2 and more Al2O3 than Mod1. This has the effect of shifting the viscosity curve further to the right, as... Figure 10 As shown. In embodiments, the modified SLG composition comprises about 65 to 70 mol% SiO2, about 3 to 10 mol% Al2O3, about 8 to 18 mol% R2O (wherein R is at least one of Na, K, or Li), about 5 to 15 mol% CaO, and about 3 to 10 mol% MgO. For comparison, Figure 10 Viscosity curves for SLG with the composition shown in Table 2 and glass 1 with the composition shown in Table 1 are included.

[0068] Table 2: Modified SLG Compositions

[0069]

[0070] In embodiments where the laminated article has a relatively thick glass layer 12 and a relatively thin glass layer 14 (e.g.) Figure 1 As shown, various combinations of glass 1-5 and commercially available glass are envisioned. In one embodiment, the thin glass sheet 14 (e.g., T2 < 1.6 mm) is glass 1, while the thick glass sheet 12 (e.g., T1 ≥ 1.6 mm) is one of V95 glass, FALCON glass, or glass 4. In another embodiment, the thin glass sheet 14 is glass 2, while the thick glass sheet 12 is glass 1. Advantageously, when used as the thick glass sheet 12, glass 1 provides the optimal potential Benedictus stress distribution profile (i.e., 550 MPa to 750 MPa compressive stress and a DOL of about 40 to about 60 μm). In another embodiment, the thin glass sheet 14 is glass 1, while the thick glass sheet 12 is glass 2. Advantageously, glass 2 has a higher viscosity than the other glasses described herein, which allows for the use of the thicker glass sheet 12 to bend complex shapes in pairs. In another embodiment, the thin glass sheet 14 is glass 1, while the thick glass sheet 12 is Mod 1. While the inventors consider these embodiments to be promising combinations of glass sheets 12, 14, other combinations of glass sheets 12, 14 are also possible, including combinations of glass sheets 12, 14 whose compositions are not specifically mentioned herein but which meet the above-described thermal properties, which involve an annealing point above 550°C and a softening point above 750°C, and whose strain point, annealing point, softening point and / or co-droop temperature differ from those of the glass compositions used for other glass sheets 12, 14 by no more than 35°C.

[0071] Advantageously, by selecting glass compositions with substantially similar viscosity profiles (especially in the case of paired bending, i.e., viscosity conditions between the annealing point and softening point), the laminates made of glass sheets 12, 14 described herein allow for efficient (i.e., high-yield and low-cost) paired bending, paired drooping, or paired pressing of glasses with different compositions. In cases where the viscosity profiles are relatively well matched, the tendency for one sheet to experience edge wrinkling or a “bathtub” effect, while the other sheet remains relatively rigid and less susceptible to deformation under gravity or other forces, is reduced. Furthermore, when the viscosity profiles are designed to be closer to those of chemically strengthened soda-lime glass, high-quality paired bending / drooping laminates containing thin glass sheets 14 exhibit superior ion exchange properties and cost when the thicker glass sheet 12 of the laminated glass product is more viscous than ordinary SLG, compared to chemically strengthened glasses with viscosity profiles intended to be closer to soda-lime glass.

[0072] According to aspect (1) of this disclosure, a method for bending glass articles in pairs is provided. The method includes: stacking a first glass article and a second glass article to form a stack; placing the stack on a mold; and heating the stack to a drooping temperature to form a shaped stack, wherein the first glass article includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first glass composition including a first annealing temperature and a first softening temperature; wherein the second glass article includes a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, and a second glass composition including a second annealing temperature and a second softening temperature; wherein the difference between the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature is within 35°C, and wherein both the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature are at least 550°C; wherein the difference between the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature is within 35°C, and wherein both the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature are at least 750°C; wherein, in the stack, the second main surface faces the third main surface; and wherein the drooping temperature is higher than both the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature.

[0073] According to aspect (2) of this disclosure, a method as described in aspect (1) is provided, wherein a first glass article includes a first thickness between a first main surface and a second main surface, and a second glass article includes a second thickness between a third main surface and a fourth main surface, and wherein the first thickness and the second thickness are not the same.

[0074] According to aspect (3) of this disclosure, a method as described in aspect (2) is provided, wherein the first thickness is less than 1.6 mm and the second thickness is at least 1.6 mm.

[0075] According to aspect (4) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(3) is provided, wherein at least one of the first glass composition or the second glass composition is an alkaline aluminosilicate glass comprising about 63 mol% to about 75 mol% SiO2, about 7 mol% to about 13 mol% Al2O3, and about 13 mol% to about 24 mol% R2O, wherein R is at least one of Li, Na or K.

[0076] According to aspect (5) of this disclosure, a method as described in aspect (4) is provided, wherein the alkaline aluminosilicate glass further comprises about 0.1 mol% to about 1.2 mol% of P2O5.

[0077] According to aspect (6) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(3) is provided, wherein at least one of the first glass composition or the second glass composition is an aluminoborosilicate glass comprising about 65 mol% to about 75 mol% SiO2, about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% Al2O3, about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% B2O3, about 1 mol% to about 5 mol% P2O5, and about 1 mol% to about 15 mol% R2O, wherein R is at least one of Li, Na or K.

[0078] According to aspect (7) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(6) is provided, wherein the second glass composition comprises modified soda-lime glass containing less than about 70 mol% SiO2, at least about 13 mol% Na2O, and at least about 3 mol% Al2O3.

[0079] According to aspect (8) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(7) is provided, wherein the second glass composition comprises reinforced soda-lime glass.

[0080] According to aspect (9) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(7) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is different from the second glass composition.

[0081] According to aspect (10) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(6) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is the same as the second glass composition.

[0082] According to aspect (11) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(10) is provided, wherein the difference between the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature is within 25°C.

[0083] According to aspect (12) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(11) is provided, wherein the difference between the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature is within 25°C.

[0084] According to aspect (13) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(12) is provided, wherein the first glass composition further includes a first strain temperature, and the second glass composition further includes a second strain temperature, wherein the difference between the first strain temperature and the second strain temperature is within 35°C.

[0085] According to aspect (14) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(13) is provided, wherein at least one of the first glass article or the second glass article is chemically strengthened.

[0086] According to aspect (15) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(14) is provided, wherein both the first glass article and the second glass article are chemically strengthened.

[0087] According to aspect (16) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(15) is provided, wherein the first glass composition and the second glass composition each further comprises a viscosity of 10. 12 Temperature during berthing (T) log12 (℃), the temperature is at least 575℃.

[0088] According to aspect (17) of this disclosure, a method as described in aspect (16) is provided, wherein the T of the first glass composition log12 T with the second glass composition log12 The temperature difference is within 35°C.

[0089] According to aspect (18) of this disclosure, a method as described in any one of aspects (1)-(17) is provided, wherein the formed stack includes a gap between the second main surface and the third main surface, the maximum spacing of the gap being about 10 mm or less.

[0090] According to aspect (19) of this disclosure, a method as described in aspect (18) is provided, wherein the maximum spacing is about 5 mm or less.

[0091] According to aspect (20) of this disclosure, a method as described in aspect (18) is provided, wherein the maximum spacing is about 3 mm or less.

[0092] According to aspect (21) of this disclosure, a laminate is provided. The laminate includes: a first curved glass layer, a second curved glass layer, and an interlayer; the first curved glass layer includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, a first thickness defined as the distance between the first and second main surfaces, and a first sag depth greater than or equal to about 2 mm; the first curved glass layer includes a first glass composition comprising a first annealing temperature and a first softening temperature; the second curved glass layer includes a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, a second thickness defined as the distance between the third and fourth main surfaces, and a second sag depth greater than or equal to about 2 mm. The second curved glass layer includes a second glass composition comprising a second annealing temperature and a second softening temperature; an intermediary layer is disposed between a second main surface of the first curved glass layer and a third main surface of the second curved glass layer, wherein the difference between the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature is within 35°C, and wherein both the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature are above 550°C, wherein the difference between the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature is within 35°C, and wherein both the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature are above 750°C, wherein at least one of the first curved glass layer or the second curved glass layer is strengthened.

[0093] According to aspect (22) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (21) is provided, wherein at least one of the first glass composition or the second glass composition comprises an alkaline aluminosilicate glass comprising about 63 mol% to about 75 mol% SiO2, about 7 mol% to about 13 mol% Al2O3, and about 13 mol% to about 24 mol% R2O, wherein R is at least one of Li, Na or K.

[0094] According to aspect (23) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (22) is provided, wherein the alkaline aluminosilicate glass further comprises about 0.1 mol% to about 1.2 mol% of P2O5.

[0095] According to aspect (24) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (21) is provided, wherein at least one of the first glass composition and the second glass composition comprises an aluminoborosilicate glass comprising about 65 mol% to about 75 mol% SiO2, about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% Al2O3, about 5 mol% to about 15 mol% B2O3, about 1 mol% to about 5 mol% P2O5, and about 1 mol% to about 15 mol% R2O, wherein R is at least one of Li, Na, or K.

[0096] According to aspect (25) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (21) is provided, wherein at least one of the first glass composition or the second glass composition comprises modified soda-lime glass containing less than about 70 mol% SiO2, at least about 13 mol% Na2O, and at least about 3 mol% Al2O3.

[0097] According to aspect (26) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (21) is provided, wherein at least one of the first glass composition or the second glass composition comprises reinforced soda-lime glass.

[0098] According to aspect (27) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (21)-(26) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is different from the second glass composition.

[0099] According to aspect (28) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (21)-(26) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is the same as the second glass composition.

[0100] According to aspect (29) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (21)-(28) is provided, wherein one of the first curved glass layer and the second curved glass layer is reinforced.

[0101] According to aspect (30) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (21)-(28) is provided, wherein both the first curved glass layer and the second curved glass layer are reinforced.

[0102] According to aspect (31) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (21)-(30) is provided, wherein the difference between the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature is within 25°C.

[0103] According to aspect (32) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (21)-(31) is provided, wherein the difference between the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature is within 25°C.

[0104] According to aspect (33) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(32) is provided, wherein the first glass composition further includes a first strain temperature, and the second glass composition further includes a second strain temperature, wherein the difference between the first strain temperature and the second strain temperature is within 35°C.

[0105] According to aspect (34) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(33) is provided, wherein the first glass composition and the second glass composition each comprise a viscosity of 10. 12 Temperature during berthing (T) log12(℃), the temperature is at least about 575℃.

[0106] According to aspect (35) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (34) is provided, wherein the T of the first glass composition log12 T with the second glass composition log12 The temperature difference is within 35°C.

[0107] According to aspect (36) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(35) is provided, wherein one or both of the first primary surface and the fourth primary surface include an optical distortion of less than 200 micro-refractive degrees, which is measured using a transmission optics device by means of an optical distortion detector according to ASTM 1561.

[0108] According to aspect (37) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(36) is provided, wherein the third or fourth primary surface includes a membrane tensile stress of less than 7 MPa, which is measured by a surface stress gauge according to ASTM C1279.

[0109] According to aspect (38) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (21)-(37) is provided, wherein a first thickness is less than 1.6 mm and a second thickness is at least 1.6 mm.

[0110] According to aspect (39) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(38) is provided, wherein a first thickness is at least about 0.1 mm and a second thickness is less than about 3.0 mm.

[0111] According to aspect (40) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(39) is provided, wherein the difference between the first sag depth and the second sag depth is within 10%, and the shape deviation between the first glass layer and the second glass layer is ±5 mm or less, as measured by a three-dimensional optical scanner.

[0112] According to aspect (41) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (40) is provided, wherein the shape deviation is about ±1 mm or less.

[0113] According to aspect (42) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (40) is provided, wherein the shape deviation is about ±0.5 mm or less.

[0114] According to aspect (43) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(42) is provided, wherein the first sag depth is in the range of + / - about 5 mm to about 30 mm.

[0115] According to aspect (44) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (21)-(43) is provided, wherein the first curved glass layer comprises a first length and a first width, wherein either or both of the first length and the first width are greater than or equal to about 0.25 meters.

[0116] According to aspect (45) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (44) is provided, wherein a first curved glass layer includes a first length and a first width, and a second curved glass layer includes a second length and a second width, wherein the second length differs from the first length by less than 5%, and the second width differs from the first width by less than 5%.

[0117] According to aspect (46) of this disclosure, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes: a body defining an interior and an opening communicating with the interior; and a laminate disposed in the opening as described in any one of aspects (21)-(45).

[0118] According to aspect (47) of this disclosure, a laminate is provided. The laminate includes: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and an intermediary layer, the first glass layer including a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first thickness defined as the distance between the first main surface and the second main surface; the first curved glass layer including a first glass composition including a first annealing temperature (AT1) and a first softening temperature (ST1); the second glass layer including a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, and a second thickness defined as the distance between the third main surface and the fourth main surface; the second curved glass layer including a second glass composition including a second annealing temperature (AT2) and a second softening temperature (ST2); and the intermediary layer is disposed between the second main surface of the first curved glass layer and the third main surface of the second curved glass layer, wherein the difference between (AT1+ST1) / 2 and (AT2+ST2) / 2 is within 35°C, wherein the first curved glass layer is ion-exchange strengthened, and wherein the first thickness is less than the second thickness.

[0119] According to aspect (48) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (47) is provided, wherein the second glass layer is unstrengthened.

[0120] According to aspect (49) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any of aspects (47)-(48) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is different from the second glass composition.

[0121] According to aspect (50) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in any one of aspects (47)-(48) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is the same as the second glass composition.

[0122] According to aspect (51) of this disclosure, a laminate is provided. The laminate includes: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and an intermediary layer, the first glass layer including a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first thickness defined as the distance between the first main surface and the second main surface, the first curved glass layer including a first glass composition including a first annealing temperature (AT1) and a first softening temperature (ST1); the second glass layer including a third main surface, a fourth main surface opposite to the third main surface, and a second thickness defined as the distance between the third main surface and the fourth main surface, the second curved glass layer including a second glass composition including a second annealing temperature (AT2) and a second softening temperature (ST2); and the intermediary layer is disposed between the second main surface of the first curved glass layer and the third main surface of the second curved glass layer, wherein the difference between (AT1+ST1) / 2 and (AT2+ST2) / 2 is within 35°C, wherein both the first curved glass layer and the second curved glass layer are ion-exchange strengthened, and wherein the first thickness is less than the second thickness.

[0123] According to aspect (52) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (51) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is different from the second glass composition.

[0124] According to aspect (53) of this disclosure, a laminate as described in aspect (51) is provided, wherein the first glass composition is the same as the second glass composition.

[0125] Unless otherwise stated, none of the methods described herein are intended to be construed as requiring their steps to be performed in a specific order. Therefore, when a method claim does not actually state that its steps follow a certain order, or does not specifically indicate in the claims or description that the steps are limited to a specific order, it is not intended to imply any particular order. Furthermore, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more parts or elements and is not intended to be construed as meaning only one.

[0126] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed embodiments. Because those skilled in the art can combine, modify, and vary the disclosed embodiments in accordance with their spirit and essence, it should be considered that the embodiments of this disclosure include all the contents within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laminate, the laminate comprising: A first glass layer includes a first main surface, a second main surface opposite to the first main surface, and a first thickness defined as the distance between the first main surface and the second main surface. The first curved glass layer includes a first glass composition comprising a first annealing temperature AT1 and a first softening temperature ST1. A second glass layer comprising a third primary surface, a fourth primary surface opposite to the third primary surface, and a second thickness defined as the distance between the third and fourth primary surfaces, the second curved glass layer comprising a second glass composition comprising a second annealing temperature AT2 and a second softening temperature ST2, wherein the second glass composition comprises 65 to 70 mol% SiO2, 3 to 10 mol% Al2O3, 5 to 15 mol% CaO, 3 to 10 mol% MgO, and 8 to 18 mol% R2O, wherein R is at least one of Na, K, or Li; and An intermediary layer is disposed between the second main surface of the first curved glass layer and the third main surface of the second curved glass layer. The difference between (AT1 + ST1) / 2 and (AT2 + ST2) / 2 is within 35 °C. The first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature are both at least 550 °C. The first glass composition is different from the second glass composition. Wherein, the second thickness is greater than or equal to 2.5 mm, and The first thickness is less than 1.6 mm.

2. The laminate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The second thickness is greater than 3.0 mm.

3. The laminate as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first thickness is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1.2 mm.

4. The laminate as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first glass layer is ion-exchange strengthened, and the second glass layer is unstrengthened.

5. The laminate as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The difference between the first annealing temperature and the second annealing temperature is within 25 °C, and the difference between the first softening temperature and the second softening temperature is within 25 °C.

6. The laminate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first glass composition comprises an alkaline aluminosilicate glass containing 63 mol% to 75 mol% SiO2, 7 mol% to 13 mol% Al2O3, and 13 mol% to 24 mol% R2O, wherein R is at least one of Li, Na, or K.

7. The laminate as claimed in claim 6, wherein, The alkaline aluminosilicate glass also contains 0.1 mol% to 1.2 mol% of P2O5.

8. The laminate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first glass composition comprises an aluminoborosilicate glass containing 65 mol% to 75 mol% SiO2, 5 mol% to 15 mol% Al2O3, 5 mol% to 15 mol% B2O3, 1 mol% to 5 mol% P2O5, and 1 mol% to 15 mol% R2O, wherein R is at least one of Li, Na, or K.

9. The laminate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first glass composition comprises modified soda-lime glass containing less than 70 mol% SiO2, at least 13 mol% Na2O, and at least 3 mol% Al2O3.

10. The laminate as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first glass composition comprises reinforced soda-lime glass.

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