Solenoid valve and gas cylinder valve for vehicle having the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of solenoid valve and the gas bottle valve for vehicle with the solenoid valve, solenoid valve includes shell, pilot head, main valve seat, pilot valve core, shell outer circumferential surface is equipped with clearance fit surface, clearance fit surface is used to with solenoid valve installation channel clearance fit and form bypass air passage between shell and solenoid valve installation channel, shell is opened with shell upper vent hole, shell lower vent hole, shell upper vent hole is connected with the upper part of the pilot head upper cavity of the bypass air passage, shell lower vent hole is connected with the lower part of the pilot head lower cavity of bypass air passage.The present application has shell upper vent hole and clearance fit surface between the outside of shell and solenoid valve installation channel form bypass air passage, instead of the bypass air passage opened in pilot head in prior art, shell upper vent hole is processed on shell and clearance fit surface is set on the outside of shell, compared with the bypass air passage opened in pilot head in prior art, processing technology is simple and easy to realize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a solenoid valve used in a high-pressure gas flow path, and more particularly to a solenoid valve and a vehicle gas cylinder valve having the solenoid valve. Background Technology

[0002] Existing vehicle gas cylinder valves (hereinafter referred to as cylinder valves) are generally used for the storage and supply of gases such as vehicle fuels (hydrogen, natural gas). Their main functions include filling the cylinder with gas, supplying gas to gas-using equipment, and rapidly releasing gas when necessary (pressure or temperature exceeds limits). The basic structure and function of such cylinder valves can be found in patent document CN113503467A. The base of the cylinder valve consists of two parts: a block-shaped base that is outside the gas cylinder when installed with it, and a columnar base that extends into the gas cylinder. The columnar base has external threads for screwing into the internal threads of the container opening to achieve a tight connection between the cylinder valve and the container. The functional components that achieve the above functions, such as various valves, are installed on or inside the base. The gas supply function requires a solenoid valve installed in the base to realize start / stop and flow control. The solenoid valve of this cylinder valve is located on the block-shaped base.

[0003] The solenoid valve installed on this type of bottle valve is usually a normally closed pilot-operated solenoid valve. Its structure and function can be seen in existing technology, such as the patent document "Solenoid Valve and Bottle Valve, Gas Storage Device and Vehicle Having the Same" disclosed in CN215635009U. Its pilot head (i.e., valve core) is movably assembled in the housing (i.e., solenoid housing) in the vertical direction. The lower part of the housing is provided with a main valve seat. Near the main valve seat, there is also a lower vent hole on the housing. The lower vent hole communicates with the high-pressure air inlet on the solenoid valve mounting channel for high-pressure gas to enter. The main valve seat has a main valve port and an air outlet communicating with the main valve port in the center. The upper part of the housing is provided with an electromagnet assembly (the electromagnet assembly includes an electromagnetic coil, a fixed iron core, and a movable iron core) and a pilot valve core. The middle part of the pilot head is in sliding sealing fit with the housing. The pilot head has an upper chamber, a sliding sealing structure, and a lower chamber. The lower end of the pilot head cooperates with the main valve seat to form a main valve port sealing structure. The upper end of the pilot head has a pilot valve port, which cooperates with the pilot valve core to form a pilot valve port sealing structure. A vent hole is opened in the pilot head, which runs through both the upper and lower ends of the pilot head. The vent hole communicates with the air outlet through the main valve port of the main valve seat. The pilot valve core is driven by an electromagnet assembly to open and close the pilot valve port. The pilot head also has a bypass air passage, which is formed by two sections of holes connected together. The first section extends radially from the side of the pilot head into the pilot head, and the second section extends axially from the rear end face of the pilot head into the pilot head. The first section also has a necked throttling section, which slows down the flow rate of high-pressure gas. The bypass air passage is connected to the high-pressure air inlet through the lower vent hole of the housing. Its basic working principle is as follows: When the electromagnet assembly drives the pilot valve core to close the pilot valve port, the vent hole is closed, and the upper end of the pilot head is not connected to the outlet. The bypass air passage can replenish the high-pressure gas from the high-pressure inlet to the upper end of the pilot head (the upper cavity of the pilot head), thus pushing the pilot head downward and closing the main valve port. When the electromagnet assembly drives the pilot valve core to open the pilot valve port, the vent hole is opened, and the upper end of the pilot head is connected to the outlet, thus venting pressure to the outlet. The high-pressure gas flowing through the bypass air passage is slowed down by the aforementioned throttling section, so it cannot replenish the upper end of the pilot head in time. This creates a pressure difference that pushes the pilot head upward and opens the main valve port.

[0004] The first and second sections of the bypass air passage in the pilot head of the solenoid valve are arranged at 90° to each other. Furthermore, a necked section needs to be machined in the first section. The necked section is small in size, and the axes of the two sections need to be intersected as much as possible. Therefore, the processing technology is complex, the yield is low, and the cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solenoid valve to solve the problems of complex processing and high cost caused by machining the bypass air passage in the pilot head of the prior art, and to provide a vehicle gas cylinder valve with the solenoid valve to reduce its cost.

[0006] An electromagnetic valve of the present invention includes a housing, a pilot head, a main valve seat, and a pilot valve core. The pilot head and the main valve seat are coaxially disposed within the housing along the central axis of the electromagnetic valve. The upper end of the main valve seat has a main valve port, and the upper end of the pilot head has a pilot valve port. A vent hole is provided in the pilot head. A pilot head upper cavity, a sliding sealing structure, and a pilot head lower cavity are provided between the pilot head and the housing. A clearance fit surface is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the housing, which is used to form a bypass air passage between the housing and the electromagnetic valve mounting channel through clearance fit. The lower part of the bypass air passage communicates with the high-pressure air inlet on the electromagnetic valve mounting channel. An upper cavity is provided on the housing. The housing includes a vent hole, a lower vent hole, and an upper vent hole. The upper vent hole connects the upper part of the bypass vent to the upper cavity of the pilot head, and the lower vent hole connects the lower part of the bypass vent to the lower cavity of the pilot head. The upper vent hole and / or the clearance mating surface of the housing are provided with an airflow damping structure for reducing gas flow rate. The airflow damping structure of the upper vent hole is a cross-section with a cross-sectional area not greater than the minimum cross-sectional area in the vent hole, so that the upper vent hole of the housing can reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​gas flow rate. The airflow damping structure of the clearance mating surface is located between the upper vent hole and the lower vent hole of the housing and is used to cooperate with the corresponding structure of the solenoid valve mounting channel to reduce gas flow rate.

[0007] This invention features a vent hole on the housing and a bypass air passage formed between the clearance mating surface on the outer side of the housing and the solenoid valve mounting channel, replacing the bypass air passage opened in the pilot head in the prior art. By opening a vent hole on the housing, the upper cavity of the pilot head is connected to the high-pressure air inlet on the solenoid valve mounting channel through the bypass air passage and the vent hole on the housing. The airflow damping structure provided on the vent hole and / or the clearance mating surface slows down the gas flow rate, thereby enabling the bypass air passage to delay the entry of high-pressure gas into the upper part of the pilot head when the solenoid valve is opened. Compared with the existing bypass air passage opened in the pilot head, the manufacturing process of machining the vent hole on the housing and providing a clearance mating surface on the outer side of the housing is simple and easy to implement.

[0008] Furthermore, the airflow damping structure is an external threaded section, which is used to form a threaded connection structure with the internal threaded section on the solenoid valve mounting channel. The threads of the threaded connection structure interlock to form a turning air passage to slow down the gas flow rate.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer circumferential surface of the housing is provided with an annular groove located above the external thread section. The upper part of the annular groove is used to install a housing sealing ring, which is used for sealing cooperation with the solenoid valve mounting channel. The clearance mating surface is located below the housing sealing ring, and the vent hole on the housing is opened at the lower part of the bottom wall of the annular groove. Providing the vent hole on the housing within the sealing ring mounting groove of the housing simplifies the manufacturing process and is easier to implement than the existing vertically arranged two-section bypass hole (see patent document CN215635009U mentioned in the background section).

[0010] Furthermore, the annular groove is arranged adjacent to the external thread section, and the annular groove, or a portion thereof, is a relief groove formed during the machining of the external thread. This allows the annular groove to be formed in one step during the machining of the thread section, improving machining efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, the sliding sealing structure is a pilot head sealing ring that is fixedly fitted onto the pilot head by a convex ring provided in the middle of the pilot head and a limiting snap ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the vent hole includes a first pilot vent channel and a second pilot vent channel distributed vertically. The first pilot vent channel is connected to the pilot valve port, and the cross-sectional area A of the first pilot vent channel is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second pilot vent channel. The vent hole on the housing is a straight hole, and the cross-sectional area B of the vent hole on the housing conforms to the condition: A / 3≤B≤A.

[0013] Furthermore, the pilot valve core has a pilot valve core conical surface and a pilot sealing spherical surface at the top of the pilot valve core conical surface, and the pilot valve port has a pilot head valve port fillet, which matches and cooperates with the pilot sealing spherical surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the pilot valve core is made of metal, the pilot head is made of plastic, and the rounded corner of the pilot head valve port is formed by the impact of the pilot sealing spherical surface of the pilot valve core on the pilot valve port.

[0015] Furthermore, the pilot valve core is made of hydrogen-resistant stainless steel, and the pilot head is made of polyetheretherketone.

[0016] The present invention provides a vehicle gas cylinder valve, comprising a base, wherein the base is provided with an outlet channel, an inlet / outlet channel, and a solenoid valve mounting channel for mounting a solenoid valve. The outlet channel is used to communicate with the inside of the gas cylinder, the inlet / outlet channel is connected to the inlet / outlet port on the base, the solenoid valve mounting channel is connected to the outlet channel and the inlet / outlet channel, and the solenoid valve as described above is installed in the solenoid valve mounting channel. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the vehicle gas cylinder valve of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the solenoid valve in the diagram;

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the pilot valve port of the solenoid valve in the diagram;

[0020] In the picture:

[0021] 1. Base; 2. Solenoid valve; 201. Solenoid coil; 203. Housing; 204. Pilot head; 205. Main valve seat; 206. First iron core; 207. Second iron core; 208. Compression spring; 209. Ejector pin; 210. Pilot valve core; 211. Pilot head spring; 212. Pilot head sealing ring; 213. Limiting snap ring; 906. Inlet / outlet air passage; 908. Outlet air passage; 909. Lower chamber of pilot head; 910. Lower air vent of housing 912. Main channel; 913. Housing sealing ring; 914. Second pilot venting channel; 915. Pilot head cavity; 916. First pilot venting channel; 917. First pilot valve cavity; 919. Second pilot valve cavity; 920. Vent hole on housing; 921. Threaded connection structure; 922. Main valve port; 923. Pilot valve port; 2041. Pilot head valve port fillet; 2101. Pilot valve core conical surface; 2102. Pilot valve core spherical surface. Detailed Implementation

[0022] One embodiment of the vehicle gas cylinder valve of the present invention, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, the vehicle gas cylinder valve includes a base 1 and a solenoid valve 2 mounted on the base 1. The base 1 has a gas passage and a solenoid valve mounting channel for mounting the solenoid valve 2. The solenoid valve mounting channel communicates with a corresponding position in the gas passage, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the gas passage in the base 1 includes an outlet passage 908 and an inlet / outlet passage 906. The outlet passage 908 communicates with the inside of the gas cylinder, and the inlet / outlet passage 906 is connected to the inlet / outlet port on the base 1. The solenoid valve mounting channel communicates with the outlet passage 908 and the inlet / outlet passage 906. The solenoid valve 2 is used to open or close the outlet passage 908 and the inlet / outlet passage 906. When the solenoid valve 2 is open, the outlet passage 908 and the inlet / outlet passage 906 are connected, connecting the inside of the gas cylinder with the inlet / outlet port, thus enabling the vehicle gas cylinder valve to supply gas to the outside. The basic structure and function of the vehicle gas cylinder valve are prior art, and can be found in the patent document with publication number CN113503467A mentioned in the background section. The focus of this embodiment is to introduce the improved structure of the solenoid valve 2 compared to the prior art.

[0023] The solenoid valve 2 includes a housing 203, an electromagnet assembly, a pilot head 204, a main valve seat 205, and a pilot valve core 210. The pilot head 204 and the main valve seat 205 are coaxially arranged vertically within the housing 203 along the central axis of the solenoid valve 2. The main valve seat 205 has a main channel 912 that runs vertically through the center of the main valve seat 205. The upper end of the main valve seat 205 has a main valve port 922 that communicates with the main channel 912. The main valve port 922 is opened and closed by the pilot head 204 and the main valve seat 205 abutting or separating. The lower end of the main channel 912 forms an air outlet, which communicates with the inlet and outlet channels 906.

[0024] The pilot head 204 is mounted in the housing 203 by moving up and down. The lower end of the pilot head 204 cooperates with the main valve seat 205 to form a main valve port 922 sealing structure. The upper end of the pilot head 204 is provided with a pilot valve port 923, which cooperates with the pilot valve core 210 to form a pilot valve port 923 sealing structure. A vent hole is opened in the pilot head 204, which passes through the upper and lower ends of the pilot head 204. The upper end of the vent hole is connected to the pilot valve port 923, and the lower end of the vent hole is located inside the pilot valve port 923 sealing structure at the lower end of the pilot head 204. Therefore, the vent hole can communicate with the air outlet through the main valve port 922 and the main channel 912 of the main valve seat 205 to realize airflow venting. In this embodiment, the vent has two sections: a first pilot vent channel 916 and a second pilot vent channel 914. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first pilot vent channel 916 is smaller than that of the second pilot vent channel 914. The middle part of the pilot head 204 is slidably sealed to the housing 203 through a sliding sealing structure, forming a pilot head upper cavity 915 and a pilot head lower cavity 909 between the pilot head 204 and the housing 203, with the sliding sealing structure as the boundary. The pilot head upper cavity 915 communicates with the upper end of the pilot head 204, and the pilot head lower cavity 909 communicates with the lower end of the pilot head 204. The sliding sealing structure specifically consists of a pilot head sealing ring 212 fixedly mounted on the pilot head 204 by a convex ring in the middle of the pilot head 204 and a limiting snap ring 213. A pilot head spring 211 is also mounted between the convex ring in the middle of the pilot head 204 and the housing 203. The pilot head spring 211 is used to apply a downward force to the pilot head 204 to press against the main valve port 922.

[0025] The pilot valve core 210 is driven by an electromagnet assembly to open and close the pilot valve port 923. The electromagnet assembly is installed at the rear of the housing 203 and includes an electromagnetic coil 201, a first iron core 206, a second iron core 207, a pin 209, and a pressure spring 208. The structure and function of the electromagnet assembly are prior art, and it is used to drive the pilot valve core 210 to move up and down to open and close the pilot valve port 923.

[0026] The housing 203 is a hollow cylinder, and the axis of the hollow cylinder coincides with the central axis of the solenoid valve 2. The housing 203 is inserted into the solenoid valve mounting channel. The outer circumferential surface of the housing 203 is provided with a housing sealing ring 913 and a clearance fit surface located below the housing sealing ring 913. The housing sealing ring 913 is sealed with the solenoid valve mounting channel, and the clearance fit surface is used to form a bypass air passage between the housing 203 and the solenoid valve mounting channel. In this embodiment, the bypass air passage is formed by an annular gap extending along the axial direction.

[0027] The clearance mating surface has an airflow damping structure in its center, which mates with a corresponding structure on the solenoid valve mounting channel to slow down the gas flow. Specifically, the airflow damping structure is an external thread section that forms a threaded connection structure 921 with an internal thread section on the solenoid valve mounting channel. The threads of the threaded connection structure 921 interlock to form a bend in the air passage, thus slowing down the gas flow. In other embodiments, the airflow damping structure can also be other forms of axially distributed undulating structures, such as spiral grooves or multiple parallel annular grooves. Of course, in other embodiments, the undulating structure can be provided only on one of the solenoid valve mounting channel and the clearance mating surface, while the other provides a mating surface that mates with the undulating structure to form a throttling gap. This mating surface can be a cylindrical surface; of course, in other embodiments, the aforementioned mating surface can also be a textured or undulating surface.

[0028] The housing 203 has an upper vent hole 920 and a lower vent hole 910 distributed vertically on its clearance mating surface. The upper vent hole 920 and the lower vent hole 910 are located at the upper and lower ends of the bypass air passage, respectively. The upper vent hole 920 connects the upper part of the bypass air passage with the pilot head cavity 915. The housing 203 has an annular groove located above the aforementioned external thread section. The upper part of the annular groove adjacent to the external thread section is used to install the housing sealing ring 913, serving as a sealing ring mounting groove. At the same time, the annular groove is adjacent to the external thread section. The annular groove or a part of the annular groove is a relief groove formed when the external thread is finished. The upper vent hole 920 is located at the lower part of the bottom wall of the annular groove (sealing ring mounting groove), making it easy to position the upper vent hole 920 during machining, thus facilitating machining.

[0029] The clearance fit surface of housing 203 is provided with a lower intermittent fit section with an outer diameter smaller than that of the external thread section. The lower vent of housing 203 is opened on the lower intermittent fit section. The lower vent hole 910 of housing connects the lower part of the bypass air passage and the lower cavity 909 of the pilot head. At the same time, the connection between the solenoid valve 2 channel and the outlet channel 908 (the outlet channel 908 is connected to the inside of the gas cylinder and is used for exhaust) is located at the lower part of the bypass air passage. That is, the high pressure air inlet on the channel wall of the outlet channel 908 of the solenoid valve 2 channel is connected to the lower part of the bypass air passage. Therefore, the lower part of the bypass air passage is connected to the outlet channel 908 of the vehicle gas cylinder valve. Consequently, the lower vent hole 910 of housing 203 is connected to the outlet channel 908.

[0030] The working process of the solenoid valve 2 in the above embodiment of the vehicle gas cylinder valve is as follows:

[0031] When solenoid valve 2 is closed, the high-pressure gas in the gas cylinder passes through the outlet channel 908 and the lower vent hole 910 of the housing in sequence, and reaches the lower chamber 909 of the pilot head. Because the sealing structure of the main valve port 922 at the lower end of the pilot head 204 cooperates with the main valve seat 205, the main valve port 922 and the outlet channel 908 are cut off, the gas is blocked, and it cannot enter the inlet and outlet channels 906. Meanwhile, the high-pressure gas in the cylinder also enters the bypass duct between the housing 203 and the valve body through the outlet channel 908. Because there is a housing sealing ring 913 at the upper end of the bypass duct, the gas cannot flow out into the atmosphere. The gas in the upper part of the bypass duct enters the pilot head cavity 915 through the vent hole 920 on the housing and further fills the entire gap inside the housing 203. Similarly, because of the seal between the pilot valve core 210 and the pilot valve port 923 at the upper end of the pilot head 204, the high-pressure gas is cut off and cannot enter the first pilot venting channel 916 and the second pilot venting channel 914 of the venting hole.

[0032] When the electromagnetic coil 201 is energized, the first iron core 206 and the second iron core 207 are in contact, the first pilot cavity and the second pilot cavity are closed, causing the pilot valve core 210 to move upward away from the pilot head 204, and the pilot valve port 923 opens. Due to the separation of the pilot head sealing ring 212, the lower cavity 909 and the upper cavity 915 of the pilot head are not connected. The high-pressure gas around the pilot valve port 923 is quickly discharged downstream through the vent hole, the main valve port 922, and the gas outlet channel 908. The gas in the gap between the upper end of the pilot head 204 and the housing 203, including the gas in the upper cavity 915 of the pilot head, is also discharged downstream. The gas in 5 is also released through the above path. At the same time, due to the throttling effect of the vent hole 920 on the housing and the damping effect of the threaded connection structure 921 between the housing 203 and the valve body, the high-pressure gas cannot be replenished in time, resulting in the pressure in the lower chamber 909 of the pilot head being instantaneously higher than the pressure in the upper chamber 915 of the pilot head. According to the formula F=PS, the pilot head 204 forms a force difference with the pilot head sealing ring 212 as the dividing line, pushing the pilot head 204 to move upward away from the main valve seat 205 (while the pilot valve port 923 is always in the open state), the main valve port 922 opens, and the solenoid valve 2 is fully opened.

[0033] When the solenoid valve 2 is de-energized, the electromagnetic force disappears, the first iron core 206 and the second iron core 207 separate, the pilot valve port 923 closes, the force difference of the aforementioned pilot head 204 with the pilot head sealing ring 212 as the dividing line gradually disappears, and the main valve port 922 closes immediately.

[0034] This invention provides a vent hole 920 on the housing within the sealing ring mounting groove of the housing 203 for mounting the housing sealing ring 913. The manufacturing process is simple and easier to implement compared to the existing vertically arranged two-section bypass holes (see patent document CN215635009U mentioned in the background section). Furthermore, since the housing 203 and the solenoid valve mounting channel of the base 1 are connected by a threaded connection structure 921, high-pressure gas must pass through the gap between the threads inside the threaded connection structure 921 to reach the vent hole 920 on the housing. The thread acts as a damper, effectively delaying the gas flow, thus allowing the solenoid valve 2 to open and close more quickly. Moreover, since the threaded connection structure 921 provides an airflow damping structure, it can share the gas throttling task previously undertaken by the vent hole 920 on the housing. For example, if the cross-sectional area of ​​the first pilot vent channel 916 is A, the original cross-sectional area B of the vent hole 920 on the housing must be less than one-third of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first pilot vent channel 916, i.e., B < A / 3. However, since the threaded connection structure 921 shares the throttling task, the vent hole 920 on the housing can be set as a straight hole, and there is no need to set a necked section for throttling in the vent hole 920 on the housing. Furthermore, the diameter of the vent hole 920 on the housing can be appropriately increased to the extent that the cross-sectional area of ​​the vent hole 920 on the housing is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the first pilot venting channel 916, i.e., A / 3≤B≤A. This is easier to achieve in the process and reduces the processing cost.

[0035] Furthermore, the pilot valve core 210 is made of metal, preferably hydrogen-resistant stainless steel, and the pilot head 204 is made of plastic, preferably polyetheretherketone. The front end of the pilot valve core 210 has a pilot valve core conical surface 2101 and a pilot sealing spherical surface at the top of the pilot valve core conical surface 2101. When the solenoid valve 2 is filled with gas at the rated working pressure, and the solenoid valve 2 is continuously and rapidly switched on and off several times, the impact of the pilot valve core spherical surface 2102 on the pilot head valve port radius 2041 of the pilot head 204 causes the pilot head valve port radius 2041 to undergo plastic deformation and form a reliable fit with the contact part of the pilot valve core 210, thereby improving the sealing effect.

[0036] The embodiment of the solenoid valve of the present invention has the same structure as the solenoid valve 2 in the embodiment of the vehicle gas cylinder valve described above.

[0037] In the above embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the vent hole 920 on the housing is set, and an external thread section is provided on the clearance mating surface on the outer side of the housing 203. Both designs serve as airflow damping structures to delay airflow. In other embodiments of the present invention, the airflow damping structure may also be provided only in the vent hole on the housing, that is, to delay airflow by reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the vent hole on the housing, or it may be provided only on the outer side of the housing.

[0038] In other embodiments of the present invention, the external thread section may also be replaced with a helical curve groove or multiple parallel annular grooves as described above.

[0039] In other embodiments of the present invention, without pursuing ultimate processing convenience, the location of the vent hole on the outer side of the housing, the annular groove for installing the housing sealing ring, and the external thread section can also be designed separately and independently.

Claims

1. A solenoid valve, comprising a housing (203), a pilot head (204), a main valve seat (205), and a pilot valve core (210), wherein the pilot head (204) and the main valve seat (205) are coaxially disposed within the housing (203) along the central axis of the solenoid valve, the main valve seat (205) has a main valve port (922) at its upper end, the pilot head (204) has a pilot valve port (923) at its upper end, a vent hole is provided in the pilot head (204), and a pilot upper chamber (915), a sliding sealing structure, and a pilot lower chamber (909) are provided between the pilot head (204) and the housing (203), characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the housing (203) is provided with a clearance fit surface, which is used to form a bypass air passage between the housing (203) and the solenoid valve mounting channel by clearance fit. The lower part of the bypass air passage is connected to the high-pressure air inlet on the solenoid valve mounting channel. The housing (203) is provided with an upper vent hole (920) and a lower vent hole (910). The upper vent hole (920) connects the upper part of the bypass air passage to the upper cavity of the pilot head (915), and the lower vent hole (910) connects the lower part of the bypass air passage to the lower cavity of the pilot head (909). The clearance fit surface is provided with an airflow damping structure for reducing the gas flow rate. The airflow damping structure is an external thread section, which is used to connect with the solenoid valve mounting channel. The internal thread section forms a threaded connection structure (921), and the threads of the threaded connection structure intersect to form a turning air passage to slow down the gas flow rate; the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow damping structure is not greater than the minimum cross-sectional area in the vent hole; the airflow damping structure of the clearance mating surface is located between the upper vent hole (920) and the lower vent hole (910) of the housing and is used to cooperate with the corresponding structure of the solenoid valve mounting channel to slow down the gas flow rate; the outer circumferential surface of the housing is provided with an annular groove located above the external thread section and adjacent to the external thread section, and the annular groove or part of the annular groove is a relief groove formed during the machining of the external thread; the upper vent hole of the housing is opened in the lower part of the bottom wall of the annular groove and is located above the sliding sealing structure and higher than the sliding sealing structure.

2. The solenoid valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding seal structure divides the upper chamber of the pilot head and the lower chamber of the pilot head into two relatively independent chambers. The upper chamber of the pilot head is surrounded by the side of the pilot head and the inner wall of the housing. A pilot head spring is also installed between the pilot head and the housing. The pilot head spring is used to apply a downward force to the pilot head to press against the main valve port.

3. The solenoid valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the annular groove is used to install the housing seal ring (913), which is used to seal with the solenoid valve mounting channel. The clearance mating surface is located below the housing seal ring (913).

4. The solenoid valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding sealing structure is a pilot head sealing ring (212) that is fixedly fitted on the pilot head (204) by a convex ring provided in the middle of the pilot head (204) and a limiting snap ring (213).

5. The solenoid valve according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The vent hole includes a first pilot vent channel (916) and a second pilot vent channel (914) distributed vertically. The first pilot vent channel (916) is connected to the pilot valve port (923). The cross-sectional area A of the first pilot vent channel (916) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second pilot vent channel (914). The vent hole (920) on the housing is a straight hole. The cross-sectional area B of the vent hole (920) on the housing meets the following condition: A / 3≤B≤A.

6. The solenoid valve according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The pilot valve core (210) has a pilot valve core cone surface (2101) at its front end and a pilot sealing spherical surface at the top of the pilot valve core cone surface (2101). The pilot valve port (923) has a pilot head valve port fillet (2041), which matches and cooperates with the pilot sealing spherical surface.

7. The solenoid valve according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pilot valve core (210) is metal, the pilot head (204) is plastic, and the rounded corner (2041) of the pilot head valve port is formed by the impact of the pilot sealing spherical surface of the pilot valve core (210) on the pilot valve port (923).

8. The solenoid valve according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pilot valve core (210) is made of hydrogen-resistant stainless steel, and the pilot head (204) is made of polyetheretherketone.

9. A vehicle gas cylinder valve, comprising a base (1), wherein the base (1) is provided with an outlet channel (908), an inlet / outlet channel (906), and a solenoid valve mounting channel for mounting a solenoid valve, the outlet channel (908) being connected to the interior of the gas cylinder, the inlet / outlet channel (906) being connected to the inlet / outlet port on the base (1), and the solenoid valve mounting channel being connected to the outlet channel (908) and the inlet / outlet channel (906), characterized in that, A solenoid valve is installed in the solenoid valve installation channel. The solenoid valve includes a housing (203), a pilot head (204), a main valve seat (205), and a pilot valve core (210). The pilot head (204) and the main valve seat (205) are coaxially arranged in the housing (203) along the central axis of the solenoid valve. The main valve seat (205) has a main valve port (922) at its upper end, and the pilot head (204) has a pilot valve port (923) at its upper end. A vent hole is opened in the pilot head (204). The pilot head (204) and the housing are connected. (203) is provided with a pilot head upper cavity (915), a sliding sealing structure, and a pilot head lower cavity (909). The outer peripheral surface of the housing (203) is provided with a clearance fit surface, which is used to form a bypass air passage between the housing (203) and the solenoid valve mounting channel. The lower part of the bypass air passage is connected to the high-pressure air inlet on the solenoid valve mounting channel. The housing (203) is provided with an upper vent hole (920) and a lower vent hole (910). The upper vent hole (920) is provided with a lower vent hole (910). 920) Connects the upper part of the bypass air passage to the upper cavity of the pilot head (915), and the lower vent hole (910) of the housing connects the lower part of the bypass air passage to the lower cavity of the pilot head (909); the clearance mating surface is provided with an airflow damping structure for reducing the gas flow rate. The airflow damping structure is an external thread section, which is used to form a threaded connection structure (921) with the internal thread section on the solenoid valve mounting channel. The threads of the threaded connection structure are interlaced to form a turning air passage to reduce the gas flow rate; the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow damping structure is not greater than the minimum cross-sectional area in the vent hole; the airflow damping structure of the clearance mating surface is located between the upper vent hole (920) and the lower vent hole (910) of the housing and is used to cooperate with the corresponding structure of the solenoid valve mounting channel to reduce the gas flow rate; the outer circumferential surface of the housing is provided with an annular groove located above the external thread section and adjacent to the external thread section. The annular groove or part of the annular groove is a relief groove formed when machining the external thread; the upper vent hole of the housing is opened at the lower part of the bottom wall of the annular groove and is located above the sliding sealing structure and higher than the sliding sealing structure.

10. The vehicle gas cylinder valve according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sliding seal structure divides the upper chamber of the pilot head and the lower chamber of the pilot head into two relatively independent chambers. The upper chamber of the pilot head is surrounded by the side of the pilot head and the inner wall of the housing. A pilot head spring is also installed between the pilot head and the housing. The pilot head spring is used to apply a downward force to the pilot head to press against the main valve port.

11. The vehicle gas cylinder valve according to claim 9, characterized in that, The upper part of the annular groove is used to install the housing seal ring (913), which is used to seal with the solenoid valve mounting channel. The clearance mating surface is located below the housing seal ring (913).

12. The vehicle gas cylinder valve according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sliding sealing structure is a pilot head sealing ring (212) that is fixedly fitted on the pilot head (204) by a convex ring provided in the middle of the pilot head (204) and a limiting snap ring (213).

13. The vehicle gas cylinder valve according to any one of claims 9-12, characterized in that, The vent hole includes a first pilot vent channel (916) and a second pilot vent channel (914) distributed vertically. The first pilot vent channel (916) is connected to the pilot valve port (923). The cross-sectional area A of the first pilot vent channel (916) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second pilot vent channel (914). The vent hole (920) on the housing is a straight hole. The cross-sectional area B of the vent hole (920) on the housing meets the following condition: A / 3≤B≤A.

14. The vehicle gas cylinder valve according to any one of claims 9-12, characterized in that, The pilot valve core (210) has a pilot valve core cone surface (2101) at its front end and a pilot sealing spherical surface at the top of the pilot valve core cone surface (2101). The pilot valve port (923) has a pilot head valve port fillet (2041), which matches and cooperates with the pilot sealing spherical surface.

15. The vehicle gas cylinder valve according to claim 14, characterized in that, The pilot valve core (210) is metal, the pilot head (204) is plastic, and the rounded corner (2041) of the pilot head valve port is formed by the impact of the pilot sealing spherical surface of the pilot valve core (210) on the pilot valve port (923).

16. The vehicle gas cylinder valve according to claim 15, characterized in that, The pilot valve core (210) is made of hydrogen-resistant stainless steel, and the pilot head (204) is made of polyetheretherketone.

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