Large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, tool system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, a tool system and a control method thereof. The large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool comprises a shell, a tool head mechanism arranged at the front end of the shell, a closed space arranged at the rear end of the shell, a power source arranged in the closed space, a second piston assembly in driving connection with the power source, and a first chamber and a second chamber located between the tool head mechanism and the second piston assembly and in mutual communication. The first chamber and the second chamber are both filled with fluid, the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber and the second chamber are different, and the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber and the second chamber can be set to match different feeding accuracies. The application realizes the control of the driving stroke through the design of two chambers with different cross-sectional areas and the flow of fluid, realizes accurate feeding, and can assist in back-off by means of external atmospheric pressure in the back-off process, reduces the control difficulty, and is beneficial to the reduction of the design cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision machining technology, specifically to a large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, tool system, and control method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Milling, grinding, polishing, drilling and other machining processes using cutting tools are widely used in various processing industries, and the tool motion feed system is an important component of precision machining equipment; the drive control of the feed system is the key to achieving machining accuracy.

[0003] Existing precision feed systems often rely solely on precision materials to control feed accuracy, which increases the difficulty of control and raises design costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, a tool system, and a control method thereof.

[0005] According to the present invention, a long-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool includes a housing, a tool head mechanism arranged at the front end of the housing, a sealed space arranged at the rear end of the housing, a power source arranged in the sealed space, a second piston assembly driven and connected to the power source, and a first chamber and a second chamber located between and communicating with the tool head mechanism and the second piston assembly. The first chamber and the second chamber are both filled with fluid. The first chamber and the second chamber have different cross-sectional areas, and the ratio between their cross-sectional areas can be set to match different feed accuracies.

[0006] The power source can drive the second piston assembly to slide into the second chamber, thereby causing the fluid in the second chamber to flow into the first chamber, and the thrust generated by the fluid drives the cutter head mechanism to the target feed position.

[0007] Preferably, the power source adopts any of the following structures:

[0008] Motor lead screw mechanism;

[0009] Thermally expanding materials can be gaseous, liquid, or solid.

[0010] Shape memory alloys;

[0011] Magnetostrictive materials and / or piezoelectric materials;

[0012] Permanent magnet cam mechanism;

[0013] Motor cam mechanism.

[0014] Preferably, the cutter head mechanism includes a cutter head seat mounted on the housing, a cutter head arranged outside the cutter head seat, and a first piston assembly arranged sequentially inside the cutter head seat, wherein both the first piston assembly and the second piston assembly are equipped with seals.

[0015] Preferably, the cutting head has at least one of turning inserts, milling inserts, grinding inserts, ball-shaped inserts, drill bits, and saw blades.

[0016] Preferably, the blade of the cutting head has its own power unit.

[0017] Preferably, the power source is connected to a slider or piston rod, and the power source drives the fluid in the second chamber by driving the slider or piston rod to move.

[0018] Preferably, a bias spring is provided in the second chamber. One end of the bias spring is fixed to the slider, and the other end of the bias spring is fixed to the inner wall of the second chamber. When the slider pushes the fluid from the second chamber to the first chamber, the bias spring is compressed and shortened. Under the drive of its own restoring force, the bias spring can drive the fluid from the first chamber to the second chamber.

[0019] Preferably, the power source adopts a permanent magnet cam mechanism, which includes a permanent magnet rotating body, a cam structure fixed on the permanent magnet rotating body, and an external coil arranged around the permanent magnet rotating body. Under the drive of the magnetic field generated by the external coil being energized, the permanent magnet rotating body is rotated by force, which drives the cam structure to rotate, thereby squeezing the piston rod towards the bias spring, and then squeezing the fluid to push the cutter head.

[0020] Preferably, the piston rod is a permanent magnet or a non-permanent magnet.

[0021] Preferably, when the power source uses magnetostrictive materials and / or piezoelectric materials, it can realize the drive sensing function.

[0022] According to the present invention, a tool system includes a plurality of large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools, wherein the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber and the second chamber in the plurality of large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools is different or partially different.

[0023] The present invention provides a control method for a large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, which employs the aforementioned large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool and includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Determine the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber and the second chamber based on the feed accuracy of the tool;

[0025] S2: By controlling the power source, the fluid flows from the second chamber into the first chamber or from the first chamber into the second chamber, thereby controlling the movement of the cutter head.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This invention achieves precise feeding by designing two chambers with different cross-sectional areas and controlling the drive stroke through fluid flow. Furthermore, it can assist in retraction with external atmospheric pressure. The structure is simple and ingeniously designed, reducing the difficulty of control and also helping to reduce design costs.

[0028] 2. By designing the cross-sectional area of ​​the second chamber to be smaller than that of the first chamber, the present invention increases the accuracy of feeding and also improves the overall driving force, making it highly practical. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure when the power source in this invention is driven by an electric motor, wherein the motor is not in operation;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure when the power source in this invention is driven by an electric motor, wherein the motor operates and drives the cutter head to extend;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure when the power source in this invention is driven by an electric motor, wherein the cutter head is performing a retraction action;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 3;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 4;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 5;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 6;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 8;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field in Example 8;

[0039] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a needle-shaped cutter head;

[0040] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a drill bit-shaped cutting head;

[0041] Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing a saw blade-shaped cutting head.

[0042] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a milling cutter head.

[0043] The diagram shows:

[0044] Casing 1

[0045] First Chamber 11

[0046] Second chamber 12

[0047] Enclosed space 13

[0048] Slider 2

[0049] Fluid 3

[0050] Blade 4

[0051] Blade holder 5

[0052] Seal 61

[0053] Motor 7

[0054] Gearbox 71

[0055] Screw 72

[0056] Vacuum sealed space 73

[0057] Heating component 8

[0058] Closed-loop electromagnetic coil 81

[0059] Magnetostrictive material 82

[0060] Piezoelectric materials 83

[0061] Excitation coil 84

[0062] Shape memory alloy 9

[0063] Permanent magnet rotating body 101

[0064] Cam structure 102

[0065] Piston rod 103

[0066] External coil 104

[0067] Bias spring 121

[0068] Limiting platform 122 Detailed Implementation

[0069] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] Example 1:

[0071] This invention provides a long-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, comprising a housing 1, a tool head mechanism arranged at the front end of the housing 1, a sealed space 13 arranged at the rear end of the housing 1, a power source arranged in the sealed space 13, a second piston assembly driven and connected to the power source, and a first chamber 11 and a second chamber 12 located between and communicating with the tool head mechanism and the second piston assembly. Both the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 are filled with fluid 3. The cross-sectional areas of the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 are different, and the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 can be set to match different feed accuracies.

[0072] During actual tool operation, the power source drives the second piston assembly to slide into the second chamber 12, thereby pushing the fluid 3 in the second chamber 12 into the first chamber 11. The thrust generated by the fluid 3 propels the tool head mechanism to the target feed position. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the first chamber 11 is larger than that of the second chamber 12, the large stroke of the power source moving towards the second chamber 12 and pushing the fluid 3 can cause the tool head mechanism to produce a small displacement. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the first chamber 11 is smaller than that of the second chamber 12, the small stroke of the power source moving towards the second chamber 12 and pushing the fluid 3 can cause the tool head mechanism to produce a large displacement. Therefore, by setting the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12, different feed accuracies of the tool head mechanism can be adjusted. This invention can be integrated into the tool structure, which can generate a large stroke, which can be tens or hundreds of times greater than that of magnetostrictive material 82, and can also realize a highly integrated tool with micro-nano precision and small stroke. The driving force and driving stroke can be flexibly designed to meet the needs of different products.

[0073] Specifically, the cutting head mechanism includes a cutting head seat 5 mounted on the housing 1, a cutting head 4 arranged outside the cutting head seat 5, and a first piston assembly arranged sequentially inside the cutting head seat 5. Both the first piston assembly and the second piston assembly are equipped with seals 61. When the second piston assembly moves close to the second chamber 12, the fluid 3 in the second chamber 12 enters the first chamber 11, thereby driving the first piston assembly to move. The first piston assembly drives the cutting head seat 5 and the cutting head 4 to move synchronously.

[0074] The cutting tool 4 can have various types of cutting inserts, such as turning inserts, milling inserts, grinding inserts, ball inserts, etc. Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 The invention presents several structural forms of the cutting head. In practical applications, the cutting blade can also be equipped with its own power unit, which can be driven by a motor to rotate and move the cutting blade, thereby enabling the cutting blade to rotate and achieve special processing effects. In addition, the invention can also be combined with multi-dimensional structures to realize multi-dimensional motion cutting tools.

[0075] The present invention also provides a tooling system, including multiple large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools. Among the multiple large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools, the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 in the different large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools is different or partially different. That is, among the multiple different large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools, there are tools with large strokes and tools with small strokes, so that the appropriate tool can be selected flexibly according to the actual scenario during machining.

[0076] This invention also provides a control method for a large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, which employs a large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool and includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Determine the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber 11 and the second chamber 12 based on the feed accuracy of the tool;

[0078] S2: By controlling the power source to control the fluid to flow from the second chamber 12 into the first chamber 11 or to control the fluid to flow from the first chamber 11 into the second chamber 12, the movement of the cutting head 4 can be controlled. During the entire tool feeding process, the movement of the cutting head can be braked and positioned by the power source. The specific braking method can be designed according to different implementation methods of the power source. For example, if the power source uses a thermal expansion material, the braking and positioning of the cutting head 4 can be achieved by keeping the thermal expansion material at a constant temperature.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] This embodiment is the first preferred example of Embodiment 1. The power source in this embodiment includes a motor 7 and a reducer 71. One end of the reducer 71 is connected to the motor 7 for driving. The slider 2 has a threaded hole in its center. The other end of the reducer 71 is threadedly engaged with the slider 2 via a lead screw 72. Figure 1 As shown, when the motor 7 rotates, the reducer 71 drives the lead screw 72 to rotate, which in turn drives the slider 2 to move along the axial direction of the lead screw 72. It should be noted that the lead screw 72 and the slider 2 are sealed together.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, the motor 7 and reducer 71 drive the slider 2 via the lead screw 72 to push the fluid 3 in the second chamber 12 into the first chamber 11, causing the entire cutter head 4 and cutter head seat 5 to feed to the left and generate a displacement ΔX1. At the same time, the space on the side of the slider 2 facing away from the second chamber 12 forms a vacuum sealed space 73.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, when the cutter head 4 needs to retract, driven by the external atmospheric pressure, the slider 2 is pushed into the vacuum sealed space 73. At this time, the volume of the vacuum sealed space 73 becomes smaller, and the displacement between the cutter head 4, the cutter head seat 5 and the housing 1 changes from ΔX1 to ΔX2.

[0083] It should be noted that when the slider 2 retracts, it cooperates with the rotation of the lead screw 72. For example, if the lead screw 72 is stationary and the cross-section of the second chamber 12 is circular, the slider 2 retracts while rotating around the lead screw 72, thus realizing the retraction motion of the entire slider 2.

[0084] In this embodiment, by designing an encoder on the motor 7, precise feed closed-loop control integrating drive and sensing can be realized, meeting the higher requirements of precision tool feed.

[0085] Example 3:

[0086] This embodiment is the second preferred example of Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the power source in this embodiment is a shape memory alloy 9, which generates driving force by heating the shape memory alloy 9 to control its deformation.

[0087] In this embodiment, a bias spring 121 is provided in the second chamber 12. One end of the bias spring 121 is fixed to the slider 2, and the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the second chamber 12. When the slider 2 pushes the fluid 3 from the second chamber 12 to the first chamber 11, the bias spring 121 is compressed and shortened. Under the drive of its own restoring force, the bias spring 121 can drive the fluid 3 from the first chamber 11 to the second chamber 12. It should be noted that a limiting stage 122 is provided in the second chamber 12, which can limit the movement stroke of the slider 2.

[0088] Example 4:

[0089] This embodiment is the third preferred example of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the power source uses a thermally expanding material and the heating component 8 can realize the change in the volume of the thermally expanding material, thereby enabling the slider 2 to slide in the second cavity 12. The thermally expanding material can be a gaseous material.

[0090] In practical applications, thermal expansion materials can also be liquid materials or solid materials.

[0091] Example 5:

[0092] This embodiment is a variation of embodiment 4, such as... Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 4 in that the thermal expansion material is a solid material. An independent closed-loop electromagnetic coil 81 is wound around the solid material. An alternating electromagnetic field is applied externally to the electromagnetic coil 81, which induces a current in the solid material, heating the solid thermal expansion material and generating a driving force to drive the cutter head 4 to achieve feeding. After cooling, the solid thermal expansion material contracts and retracts under the combined drive of negative pressure in the sealed space 13 and the reaction force of the bias spring 121.

[0093] It should be noted that this embodiment can also be achieved through direct heating, heating via an external conductor cable, or electromagnetic induction heating.

[0094] Example 6:

[0095] This embodiment is the fourth preferred example of Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the power source includes a magnetostrictive material 82, a piezoelectric material 83, and an excitation coil 84 arranged around the magnetostrictive material 82. When the excitation coil 84 is energized, a magnetic field is generated, which in turn drives the magnetostrictive material 82 to deform, thereby generating a driving force to feed the cutter head 4. During this process, the deformation of the magnetostrictive material 82 causes the piezoelectric material 83 to generate a changing voltage signal, thereby obtaining the precise displacement of the cutter head 4 and realizing the self-sensing drive function.

[0096] Example 7:

[0097] This embodiment is the fifth preferred example of Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, in this embodiment, the power source adopts a permanent magnet cam mechanism, which includes a permanent magnet rotating body 101, a cam structure 102 fixed on the permanent magnet rotating body 101, and a piston rod 103. Under the drive of the magnetic field, the permanent magnet rotating body 101 rotates under force, causing the cam structure 102 on it to rotate, thereby causing the axial dimension of the cutter to change. This compresses the piston rod 103 towards the bias spring 121, thereby compressing the fluid 3 to push the cutter head 4. When the cutter head 4 returns, the permanent magnet cam mechanism applies a reverse magnetic field force, superimposed with the restoring force of the bias spring 121 and a negative pressure, causing the cutter head 4 to retract; thus realizing reciprocating motion.

[0098] In this embodiment, the piston rod 103 can be designed as a permanent magnet. The external coil 104 applies a magnetic field, which can generate the driving effect of a voice coil motor. It can form a compound driving effect alone or in combination with a cam, and can also achieve the precision driving effect in this invention.

[0099] Example 8:

[0100] This embodiment is a variation of Embodiment 7. In this embodiment, the power source is a motor cam mechanism. The difference from Embodiment 7 is that the rotation of the cam structure 102 is driven by a motor, which can also achieve the precise feeding effect in this invention.

[0101] Example 9:

[0102] This embodiment is another variation of Embodiment 7. The difference from Embodiment 7 is that the cam structure 102 is deformed to form a concave-convex surface driving structure when rotating. This allows the tool head to be precisely fed even when the concave-convex surface driving structure is driven by a magnetic field or a motor.

[0103] Taking Example 7 as an example, the working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0104] During specific tool operation, the power source drives the second piston assembly to slide into the second chamber 12, thereby pushing the fluid 3 in the second chamber 12 into the first chamber 11. The thrust generated by the fluid 3 drives the tool head mechanism to the target feed position. Specifically, when it is necessary to drive the tool head 4 to move in the extension direction, the external coil 104 applies a magnetic field, thereby driving the permanent magnet rotating body 101 to rotate. The permanent magnet rotating body 101 drives the cam structure 102 to rotate together. The cam structure 102 contacts and drives the piston rod 103 to move in the direction of the tool head 4. The fluid 3 flows into the first chamber 11, and the tool head 4 extends. At this time, the bias spring 121 is compressed and shortened. When it is necessary to drive the cutter head 4 to move in the direction of retracting the housing 1, the external coil 104 applies a reverse magnetic field. Under the drive of the negative pressure of the sealed space 13 and the restoring force of the bias spring 121, the piston rod 103 is pushed to move away from the cutter head 4. It should be noted that the piston rod 103 can also be designed as a permanent magnet, which can generate magnetic force or attraction with the external magnetic field to assist the movement of the cutter head 4.

[0105] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0106] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, characterized in that, The application relates to a cutting head mechanism, which comprises a shell (1), a cutting head mechanism arranged at the front end of the shell (1), a closed space (13) arranged at the rear end of the shell (1), a power source arranged in the closed space (13), a second piston assembly in driving connection with the power source, and a first chamber (11) and a second chamber (12) located between the cutting head mechanism and the second piston assembly and in communication with each other, wherein the first chamber (11) and the second chamber (12) are filled with fluid (3), the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber (11) and the second chamber (12) are different, and the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber (11) and the second chamber (12) can be set to match different feeding accuracies. The power source can drive the second piston assembly to slide towards the second chamber (12), so that the fluid (3) in the second chamber (12) flows into the first chamber (11) and drives the cutting head mechanism to reach a target feeding position due to the thrust generated by the fluid (3). The power source is connected with a sliding block (2) or a piston rod (103), the power source drives the sliding block (2) or the piston rod (103) to move, thereby driving the fluid in the second chamber (12), and the piston rod (103) is a permanent magnet or a non-permanent magnet. A biasing spring (121) is arranged in the second chamber (12), one end of the biasing spring (121) is fixed on the sliding block (2), and the other end of the biasing spring (121) is fixed on the inner wall of the second chamber (12), so that when the sliding block (2) pushes the fluid (3) to flow from the second chamber (12) to the first chamber (11), the biasing spring (121) is compressed and shortened, and the biasing spring (121) can drive the fluid (3) to flow from the first chamber (11) to the second chamber (12) under the driving of the restoring force of the biasing spring (121).

2. The large-stroke ultra-precision self-fed cutter according to claim 1, wherein, The power source adopts any one of the following structures: A motor and a screw mechanism; A thermal expansion material, which is a gas material, a liquid material or a fixed material; A shape memory alloy (9); A magnetostrictive material (82) and / or a piezoelectric material (83); A permanent magnet cam mechanism; A motor cam mechanism; When the power source adopts the magnetostrictive material (82) and / or the piezoelectric material (83), the driving sensing function can be realized.

3. The large-stroke ultra-precision self-fed cutter according to claim 1, wherein, The cutting head mechanism comprises a cutting head seat (5) mounted on the shell (1), a cutting head (4) arranged outside the cutting head seat (5), and a first piston assembly arranged inside the cutting head seat (5) in sequence, and the first piston assembly and the second piston assembly are both provided with a sealing element (61).

4. The large-stroke ultra-precision self-fed cutter according to claim 3, wherein, The cutting blade of the cutting head (4) is at least one of a turning blade, a milling blade, a grinding blade, a spherical blade, a needle, a drill bit and a saw blade.

5. The large-stroke ultra-precision self-fed cutter according to claim 4, wherein, The cutting blade of the cutting head (4) has its own power part.

6. The large-stroke ultra-precision self-fed cutter according to claim 1, wherein, The power source adopts a permanent magnet cam mechanism, the permanent magnet cam mechanism comprises a permanent magnet rotating body (101), a cam structure (102) fixed on the permanent magnet rotating body (101) and an external coil (104) arranged in the circumferential direction of the permanent magnet rotating body (101), under the drive of the magnetic field generated by energization of the external coil (104), the permanent magnet rotating body (101) rotates under force, drives the cam structure (102) to rotate, thereby extruding the piston rod (103) to the direction of the biasing spring (121), and further extruding the fluid (3) to generate the pushing of the tool bit (4).

7. A tool system characterized in that The large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool comprises a plurality of large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber (11) and the second chamber (12) in different large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tools is different or partially different.

8. A control method of a large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool, characterized by, The large-stroke ultra-precision self-feeding tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: S1: determining the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the first chamber (11) and the second chamber (12) according to the feeding accuracy of the tool; S2: controlling the fluid to flow from the second chamber (12) into the first chamber (11) or to flow from the first chamber (11) into the second chamber (12) by controlling the power source, thereby realizing the control of the action of the tool bit (4).

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