A speed-adjustable dust collecting and crushing device used for crushing coal mines comprises a base unit, a frame, a collecting unit, two pushing units, dust collecting units, purifying units and crushing units. The base unit comprises a base, a rollers and a support plate, a first support, rectangular blocks and dust collecting buckets are arranged on the frame, each pushing unit comprises a first horizontal plate, a pushing plate, a pushing rod, a material pushing plate and a spring, each dust collecting unit comprises a dust collecting pipe and a fan, each crushing unit comprises a crushing plate, first crushing teeth, a crushing wheel and second crushing teeth, the collecting unit comprises a collecting box and a first filtering screen, each purifying unit comprises a purifying box, a second filtering screen, a second horizontal plate, a second support, an exhaust pipe and a sponge block, and a first through hole is arranged in the right surface of the purifying box. By the arrangement, dust generated from crushing can be recycled, fitness of workers is protected, and the device is small in size, low in cost and suitable for small enterprises and large-scale promotion and use.