40results about How to "Improve drying quality" patented technology

This application discloses an adjustable drying mechanism, which includes a symmetrical support frame, an upper adjusting frame, and a lower adjusting frame. The support frame consists of a base and a vertical support rod; both the upper and lower adjusting frames include a connecting seat, a fixed rod, an adjusting rod, and partitions. The two ends of the upper adjusting frame can move up and down along the support rod, while the lower adjusting frame is fixed to the support rod. The two ends of the fixed rod are fixed to symmetrical connecting seats, and the adjusting rod is horizontally positioned on both sides of the fixed rod, with its two ends embedded in the horizontal slots of the connecting seats to form a sliding pair; multiple partitions are alternately fitted onto the fixed rod and the adjusting rod, and the partitions have elongated holes for sliding cooperation with the fixed rod and positioning holes for interference cooperation with the adjusting rod. By adjusting the height of the upper adjusting frame and the spacing between the partitions, it can adapt to different wood sizes and drying requirements, improve ventilation uniformity and space utilization, and solve the problems of uneven drying and poor adaptability of traditional fixed drying mechanisms. The structure is simple and reliable, and the operation is convenient.

This utility model relates to the field of drying equipment technology, specifically a rapid drying device for denim production. It includes a platform with multiple sets of support legs fixedly installed on its lower end. The main body of the drying equipment is located on the upper end of the platform. Two sets of support members are fixedly installed on the lower end of the platform, and a threaded rod is rotatably connected between the two sets of support members. A motor is fixedly installed at the end of one set of support members, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the threaded rod. Threaded sleeves are helically connected to both sides of the outer surface of the threaded rod, and connecting rods are rotatably connected to both sides of the outer surface of the threaded sleeves. This utility model, through the setting of a scraper and clamping plate structure, performs a step-by-step flattening treatment on the denim fabric. The scraper initially smooths out wrinkles on the fabric surface, and then the clamping plate holds and stretches the fabric to both sides, ensuring that the denim fabric remains flat and taut before entering the drying equipment. This effectively avoids uneven drying caused by wrinkles, improving drying efficiency and product quality.

This utility model discloses a drying device for ceramsite proppant preforms, belonging to the field of ceramsite proppant. It includes a belt conveyor, a drying rack fixedly connected to the top of the belt conveyor, a hot air plate fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the drying rack, a hot air blower fixedly installed on one side of the drying rack, a straight pipe fixedly connected to one side of the hot air blower, a structural groove formed on the inner wall of one side of the drying rack, a lead screw installed in the inner cavity of the structural groove, a threaded sleeve fitted around the outer ring of the lead screw, a long plate fixedly connected to one side of the outer surface of the threaded sleeve, and several fixed cones fixedly connected to the bottom of the long plate. Through the coordinated use of these devices, this reverse motion can more effectively and evenly disperse the ceramsite proppant semi-finished product, avoiding accumulation during conveying. This uniform dispersion effect can improve the uniformity of hot air penetration, thereby improving the overall drying efficiency and quality.

The application discloses a kind of plastic packaging bag production with feeding device, it is related to plastic bag production technical field, specifically a kind of plastic packaging bag production with feeding device, including conveying belt and the dry box capable of completely wrapping middle part of conveying belt, the periphery of conveying belt is evenly provided with a plurality of first communication air port, the middle part of conveying belt is provided with auxiliary drying component, by the uniform multiple first communication air port of being set on conveying belt, multiple air pumps installed in auxiliary drying component, multiple shaking balls that the outer surface of conveying belt is provided with and the multiple rubber air bags that the inner periphery of conveying belt is fixedly connected are cooperated with each other, can promote air pump drive and form bidirectional forced convection at first communication air port, significantly increase the effective contact area of hot air and raw material, ensure the uniformity of airflow distribution, to solve the core problem that raw material lower surface is not dried evenly due to airflow dead angle in traditional mode.

This utility model discloses a high-quality, self-circulating, energy-saving drying device for poultry and livestock feed, belonging to the technical field of feed processing equipment. It includes a drying chamber, a drying component installed inside the drying chamber, and a feeding belt inserted into the surface of the drying chamber. A material distribution component is installed inside the drying chamber; the material distribution component includes an assembly base fixedly connected to the top of the drying chamber, and an electric push rod fixedly connected to the surface of the assembly base. Poultry and livestock feed is placed at the feed inlet end of the feeding belt in the drying chamber and dried by the drying component. During the feeding process, an external control device activates the electric push rod and a vibration motor. Driven by the electric push rod, the material distribution rod moves closer to the surface of the feeding belt. Under the transmission of the vibration motor, the material distribution rod distributes and turns the poultry and livestock feed on the surface of the feeding belt, effectively improving the uniformity of heat distribution and thus improving the drying quality.

The utility model provides a solar energy chestnut drying equipment. Solar energy chestnut drying equipment includes: the drying box of top fixed mounting has solar energy panel, drive gear shaft, drive gear shaft rotates the installation in drying box, synchronous gear shape area, synchronous gear shape area is equipped on drive gear shaft, and fixed mounting has support block, holds the disc, holds the disc for placing chestnut setting between synchronous gear shape area, and with support block is contacted, hot -blast pipe, hot -blast pipe fixed mounting is in drying box, is used for introducing hot blast to drying box, exhaust pipe, exhaust pipe fixed mounting is in hot -blast pipe, and extends to drying box. The utility model provides solar energy chestnut drying equipment has a plurality of air outlet, increases hot blast guiding mechanism simultaneously, improves the evenness of hot blast advantage.

The utility model relates to the technical field of photosensitive drum processing, specifically discloses a photosensitive drum processing coating drying device, including the box, the box side swing joint has the box door, the inside symmetry of box is equipped with two arc heat preservation board, arc heat preservation board opposite side is provided with a plurality of bearing turntable, the box includes the rotating mechanism for making the product rotation, the drying mechanism for conveying hot air and the adjusting mechanism for adapting the product different size, bearing turntable top fixedly connected with a plurality of fixed blocks. The utility model discloses when needing to dry the photosensitive drum of different size, through adjusting mechanism can make the clamping block bottom always with photosensitive drum inner surface contact, thereby adapts the photosensitive drum of different size, realizes the stable fixation to different specifications photosensitive drum, improves the versatility of device, ensures that photosensitive drum does not displace or sway in the rotation and drying process, improves the drying quality.

The utility model belongs to beef powder technology field, concretely relates to a drying device for beef powder production, including bottom frame, the top of bottom frame is rotationally connected with top rotary frame, the inside of top rotary frame is assembled with bearing disc, the inside of bottom frame and located bearing disc's bottom installation has fan, the inside of bottom frame and located between fan and bearing disc installation has electric heating wire, the outside of bottom frame is installed with truss, the inner wall rotationally connected with rotary rod and rotary column of truss top, and rotary column is at the top of bearing disc, and is connected through transmission belt between rotary rod and rotary column, the bottom of rotary column is installed with rotary strip. The utility model can increase the stirring area greatly, make beef powder raw materials mix more evenly, heat more fully, improve drying efficiency and product quality uniformity, and can effectively prevent material accumulation, enhance hot air penetration, shorten drying time.

This utility model relates to the technical field of food drying equipment and discloses a variety of food drying equipment, including a drying box. One side of the drying box is connected to a door via a hinge, and the other side is equipped with an air box. A rotating shaft is installed inside the drying box. This multi-food drying equipment works by pulling an outward-facing pull plate to move a fixed block away from its fixed hole, and pulling a rotating rod to move a square block away from the rotating shaft. During this process, a moving plate is pulled, causing an insert block to leave its limiting groove, thus releasing the restriction on the placement tray. Through this design, operators can freely adjust the internal spatial layout of the drying equipment according to the size, shape, and type of food, thereby achieving a more efficient drying effect. This not only improves the versatility and adaptability of the equipment but also significantly enhances drying efficiency and quality, meeting the diverse needs of drying various foods.

The utility model discloses a silver powder drying device, include: drying jar body, and the upper and lower both ends are provided with feed inlet and discharge gate respectively, support frame, and with the outside detachable connection of drying jar body, its characterized in that still include: the drying jar body is by the structure of upper half circular cylinder and lower half circular platform composition, and the inner wall fixed connection of upper half circular cylinder has heating net, shake material subassembly, and the movable connection in drying jar body, the splay component, and it is installed on the central shaft of drying jar body.

This invention discloses a method for preparing paperless boards from modified industrial by-product gypsum, relating to the field of building board technology. The method includes a fluidized bed furnace, with a mixer at one end, a forming device at one end of the mixer, and a primary drying device at one end of the forming device. The primary drying device contains a conveyor belt assembly, with a tilting clamp at one end of the conveyor belt assembly. A support base is located below one side of the tilting clamp, and a chain drive assembly is mounted on top of the support base. This invention, through a series of structural features, ensures more uniform heating on both sides of the board, more rational airflow organization, and improved drying efficiency and quality. It effectively avoids defects such as board deformation and warping caused by uneven heating in traditional horizontal drying methods, reduces interfacial porosity, significantly improves board durability, optimizes material flow paths, and reduces equipment footprint.

The utility model discloses a hot -blast circulation vacuum drying equipment, including drying box, heating assembly, sealing door, flat car, drying box is located in factory building and is equipped with hot -blast drying assembly in drying box top, heating assembly is located in drying box, and heating assembly includes circulating row pipe, first heating box, circulating row pipe is equipped with several groups and is equipped with in drying box respectively in several groups circulating row pipe, and sealing door is located in one end of drying box, and flat car is located in one side of drying box, is used for sending the material of waiting dry to in drying box, improves the convenience and continuity of material loading and unloading, adopts the mode of circulating row pipe and high temperature medium heat exchange, compares traditional electric heating pipe or single hot -blast heating, and the heat source evenly releases from the all around of drying box, solves the problem of local overheating and uneven temperature distribution, makes material drying quality more stable, simultaneously, medium circulation heat exchange reduces heat loss, and cooperates hot -blast secondary heating, and the temperature rising speed is greatly improved, and drying period is shortened.

The utility model relates to food production equipment technical field, concretely is a kind of drying device for food production, including box, box front side is hinged with box door, motor is fixedly installed at the box top, motor output shaft is fixedly connected with driving gear, L-shaped fixed plate is fixedly installed at the box top, the fixed rod is fixedly connected with L-shaped fixed plate, rotating cylinder is rotatably sleeved on the fixed rod outside, rotating cylinder is rotatably arranged in the inside of box, driven gear is fixedly installed on the rotating cylinder outer wall, driven gear is engaged with driving gear, controller is fixedly installed at the left side of box, vacuum pump is fixedly communicated at the left side of box, gas exchange valve is fixedly communicated at the right side of box, rotating cylinder is installed with discharging autorotation subassembly. The device utilizes revolution and autorotation of drying net cylinder, so that food is heated more fully and evenly, avoids manual turning of food by operator, reduces the working strength of operator.

This invention discloses a yarn drying device, including an insulated box and a circulating heating mechanism. The circulating heating mechanism includes an inner liner, several heating tubes, several motors, several fan impellers, and several guide tubes. The upper part of the insulated box contains the inner liner, the lower end of which is open. The inner liner contains rows of guide tubes and heating tubes. A circulation channel is provided between the front end and / or rear end of the inner liner and the insulated box. The upper end of the insulated box has motors arranged at intervals. The upper end of the inner liner has air inlets corresponding to each motor. Each motor's rotating shaft has a fan impeller located inside the air inlet. Compared with the prior art, this device can improve the uniformity of yarn drying and product quality, thereby enhancing market competitiveness.

The utility model discloses a kind of clothes dryers with heat energy recycling, including shell, the outer side wall of the shell is hinged with sealing door, the outer side wall of the shell is equipped with first motor, the output shaft end of the first motor extends to shell interior, and fixedly connected with mesh tube, the upper end of the shell is fixedly connected with heating box, the outer side wall of the heating box is hinged with box door, heating pipe is installed in the heating box, the inner wall of the heating box is fixedly connected with filter screen, the inner wall of the shell is fixedly connected with fixed plate, two the fixed plate inside are hollow, and multiple air outlets are arranged in opposite side, the upper end of the shell is equipped with first fan. Its setting first fan and second fan structure, through the collaborative work of both, the efficient delivery and recycling of hot air are realized, cooperate the mesh tube of rotation, significantly improve drying efficiency and drying effect.

The application discloses a drying device and a thin-plate cut tobacco dryer, and belongs to the tobacco technical field. The drying device is characterized in that the air outlet of the first heat exchanger is opposite to the air inlet of the thin-plate cut tobacco dryer body, the air outlet of the second heat exchanger is opposite to the air inlet of the first heat exchanger, the water collecting tank is provided with a water storage cavity, the first water outlet of the first heat exchanger and the second water outlet of the thin-plate cut tobacco dryer body are respectively communicated with the water storage cavity through a first pipeline, the water storage cavity is communicated with the outside through a second pipeline, the first steam port of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the water storage cavity through a third pipeline, the third water outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the outside through a fourth pipeline, and the steam device is used for generating steam and is respectively communicated with the second steam port of the first heat exchanger and the third steam port of the thin-plate cut tobacco dryer body through a fifth pipeline, so that the heat of the steam formed by "flash evaporation" in the water collecting tank can be recovered. The thin-plate cut tobacco dryer can dry cut tobacco by applying the drying device.

The utility model discloses a fertilizer drying device for fertilizer production, relates to the field of fertilizer production, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, a drying tank can only quantitatively dry a chemical fertilizer every time and cannot realize continuous drying during chemical fertilizer production, so that the production efficiency of the chemical fertilizer is relatively low. A drying tank is rotatably arranged at the upper end of the heating base, an inclined feeding pipe is fixedly connected to the middle of the supporting column, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the middle of the interior of the inclined feeding pipe, and a plurality of sets of dispersing rods are annularly arrayed on the rotating shaft; the lower end of the inclined feeding pipe in the inclined direction extends into the drying tank, a throwing notch is formed in the upper end of the inclined feeding pipe, and the lower end of the rotating shaft in the inclined direction extends into the throwing notch of the inclined feeding pipe and is fixedly connected with two throwing plates. Continuous feeding and uniform dispersing of the fertilizer are achieved, the problem that a traditional drying device can only conduct quantitative drying is effectively solved, and the production efficiency is remarkably improved.

The utility model relates to grain drying equipment technical field discloses a multilayer drying mechanism based on grain dryer, including hot blast furnace and elevator seat, the top of hot blast furnace is provided with multilayer drying mechanism, and multilayer drying mechanism is used to carry out gradually drying to grain, the top of elevator seat is provided with inlet and outlet mechanism, and the bottom of multilayer drying mechanism is provided with circulating mechanism, the multilayer drying mechanism includes hot blast pipe, the front side bottom of hot blast pipe is communicated at the top right side of hot blast furnace, the rear side of hot blast pipe is connected with air regulator box, the rear side fixed connection of air regulator box has the fan, and the top communication of fan has the air supply pipe. In the utility model, the drying cavity formed by the slow recovery board is introduced into the two sides from the middle part of the drying bin through the hot blast, uniformly diffuses and contacts with the falling grain, realizes the uniform drying of grain, adapts the demand of different grain, improves the drying quality and efficiency, and reduces the grain breakage rate.

The utility model relates to the needled felt production and processing technical field discloses needle felt drying hot -blast flow guide device, including fixed shell and drying box body, the inner wall fixed connection of fixed shell has first motor, the output fixed setting of first motor has first gear, the tooth end of first gear is connected with second gear, the outer wall fixed connection of second gear has first rotating plate, the outer wall sliding connection of first rotating plate has second rotating plate, the upper surface rotation of second rotating plate is connected with the baffle, the inner wall fixed connection of baffle has the ventilation board, the inner wall rotation of ventilation board is connected with transmission column, the inner wall of drying box body is provided with dehydration component. In the utility model, through starting first motor drive first gear and second gear synchronous rotation, make first rotating plate and second rotating plate rotate, and make the intermittent rotation of adjusting plate adjust the drying efficiency of needle felt, reach the effect that satisfy the drying demand of different kinds of needle felt.

This invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material drying equipment, and discloses a sulfur-free drying device for white peony root, including a drying chamber, a storage structure for placing white peony root, and a storage rack for supporting the storage structure. Both the storage structure and the rack are located inside the drying chamber. The storage structure includes a tray and a protective cover. Air inlets and outlets are evenly distributed on the side walls of the tray and the protective cover, and several ventilation holes are evenly distributed on the inner walls of both the tray and the protective cover. During drying, hot air flows upward through the ventilation holes and passes through multiple storage structures. Simultaneously, a shaking structure drives the storage structures to shake. During this process, powder generated by the shaking or hot air is carried up by the upward airflow. At this time, the ventilation holes in the protective cover actively draw in air, promptly removing the powder suspended above the storage structure. This prevents the powder from adhering to the surface of the upper material under the influence of the rising airflow, solving the problem of unevenly colored peony root slices and ensuring a smooth, uniform color, thereby improving the product's appearance and grade.

This utility model discloses a nanocellulose coated diaphragm drying device, including a body with symmetrically installed frames on the upper part of the body. A drying mechanism is installed between the two sets of frames, and a recovery mechanism is provided on the outside of the frames. The recovery mechanism includes an exhaust pipe, an exhaust tube, and a gas delivery pipe. A processing mechanism is installed on the gas delivery pipe, and the processing mechanism includes a housing connected to the gas delivery pipe. By setting up the processing mechanism, during the heat transfer process of the recovery mechanism, the heat transferred will enter the housing of the processing mechanism. At this time, the heat will come into contact with the heating rack inside the housing, and the heating rack will reduce the moisture in the heat. The heat after the moisture is reduced will come into contact with the drying mesh, which can absorb and filter the residual moisture in the heat, thereby keeping the heat dry and avoiding increasing the humidity of the drying gas during the heat recovery process, thus improving the drying quality and efficiency.

This utility model discloses a layered temperature-controlled seed roasting machine. A multi-layered insulated chamber is equipped with a multi-layered turning chain plate device. A feeding conveyor is located on one side of the multi-layered insulated chamber for transporting fruits, vegetables, or seeds. One side of the multi-layered turning chain plate device protrudes from the multi-layered insulated chamber and connects to the top outlet side of the feeding conveyor. A layered temperature-controlled drying system is arranged inside and on top of the multi-layered insulated chamber. A waste heat recovery system is installed on the top of the multi-layered insulated chamber, and the layered temperature-controlled drying system and the waste heat recovery system are connected. This utility model, while ensuring uniform temperature within the drying zone, sets different roasting temperatures according to the gradual reduction of internal moisture in the roasted material, avoiding the phenomenon of hardening and scorching of the material surface at the same temperature. It can meet the needs of materials with different characteristics, has a wide range of applications, provides high drying quality, and enables automated production.

This invention discloses a nut drying method and system based on dynamic decoupling of thermodynamics and humidity. The method includes: acquiring batch state parameters of the nuts to be processed; constructing driving condition parameters for driving internal moisture migration of the nuts based on the parameters; generating a zoned control instruction set based on the driving condition parameters to form decoupled and synergistic drying fields in the core heating and moisturizing zone, the surface dehumidification stress release zone, and the flexible pressure field conditioning zone, respectively; and finally controlling the nuts to undergo dynamic adaptive cyclic drying in the above three zones according to parameters such as real-time moisture content. This invention breaks through the drawbacks of strong coupling of heat, humidity, and stress in traditional drying. By establishing the internal-to-outside moisture migration dynamic through internal targeted heating and surface moisturizing, combined with staggered frequency micro-wind dehumidification to avoid shell resonance, and supplemented by flexible mechanical conditioning to unblock micro-mass transfer channels, this invention significantly reduces energy consumption and breakage rate, achieving high-quality, damage-free nut drying.

This utility model discloses a drying device for paper product processing, including a drying chamber. The collecting mechanism includes a water collection hood fixed to the top of the drying chamber. The outer wall of the water collection hood is inclined around its perimeter. Condensation pipes are installed around the inner wall of the water collection hood. Inverted V-shaped water guide grooves are fixed to the top two sides of the inner wall of the water collection hood. Positive V-shaped water guide grooves are fixed to the top two ends of the inner wall of the drying chamber, with the inverted V-shaped water guide grooves positioned above the positive V-shaped water guide grooves. Water collection boxes are fixed to the top of both ends of the drying chamber. The bottoms of the two positive V-shaped water guide grooves are connected to communicating conveying pipes. The other ends of the two conveying pipes are respectively connected to the top of one end of each of the two water collection boxes. This utility model achieves the collection of water vapor, preventing it from dripping onto the surface of the paper products and causing rewetting, thus helping to maintain the dryness and quality of the paper products and improving the drying quality of the paper products.

This application relates to a drying equipment for edible fungi processing, comprising: a drying box having a drying chamber for drying edible fungi; a hot air unit and an extraction unit connected to the drying chamber for extracting moisture from inside the drying chamber; multiple rotating frames arranged from top to bottom inside the drying box, and multiple clamping platforms arranged from top to bottom inside the rotating frames, with a tray inserted in the middle of the clamping platform for placing edible fungi; a rotating component on the drying box for driving the rotating frames to rotate. This application allows the rotating frame to rotate via the rotating component, causing the edible fungi in the tray to continuously change position and angle during the drying process, avoiding the problem of uneven drying due to the fixed position of the tray in traditional drying equipment. Furthermore, the edible fungi can be turned over inside the rotating tray, ensuring that each edible fungi can fully contact the hot air and guaranteeing consistent drying results.

This invention discloses a multi-source low-oxygen heat pump device for fruits and vegetables and its usage method, belonging to the field of fruit and vegetable drying technology. The device includes a multi-source gas supply system, a low-oxygen drying chamber, a heat pump temperature and humidity control system, an online weighing system, a material morphology detection system, and an intelligent control system. The multi-source gas supply system injects nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and air. The intelligent control system calculates the drying rate and shrinkage rate based on data from various sensors, dynamically adjusting the gas composition and the temperature and humidity inside the chamber to maintain an oxygen concentration of 1-11%, a temperature of 30-70℃, and a relative humidity of 10-40%. This invention enables precise and coordinated control of the fruit and vegetable drying process, mainly used for drying leafy vegetables and fruits, reducing oxidative deterioration and shrinkage, and improving drying quality.

This utility model relates to the technical field of pepper drying equipment, and in particular to an adjustable multi-layer circulating hot air drying box for pepper drying. It includes a main body, with a heating component and a drying component fixedly connected to the top of the main body. The utility model allows for adjustment of the height of the drying rack by utilizing the placement of different trays. This adjustable height allows for flexible adjustment of the drying position according to the moisture content and drying degree of different peppers. Evenly spaced ventilation holes inside the trays ensure that hot air can pass evenly through the peppers, improving drying efficiency. A second circulating air duct at the top of the drying box guides hot air from the top to the bottom, while a first circulating air duct at the bottom guides hot air from the bottom to the top, thus forming an up-and-down circulating hot air flow, ensuring uniform temperature distribution within the drying box.

The utility model relates to a vertical sawdust drying machine belongs to sawdust drying field. Include: drying mechanism, hot -blast delivery pipe, feeding mechanism, fan, discharge pipe, connecting pipe and drying pipe, the drying pipe is spiral tubular structure of vertical arrangement, the drying pipe sets up inside drying mechanism, the top end and the bottom of drying pipe all pass through the side wall of drying mechanism, and one -to -one correspondence with feeding mechanism and one end of connecting pipe sealed intercommunication, both ends of hot -blast delivery pipe one -to -one correspondence with the top end of drying mechanism and feeding mechanism sealed intercommunication, both ends of fan one -to -one correspondence with the one end of connecting pipe far from drying pipe and the one end of discharge pipe are connected. The utility model makes full use of heat, improves drying efficiency and drying quality, also reduced the floor area of drying machine.

The application discloses a kind of solid wood board hot-pressing drying method, belong to timber processing technical field.Solid wood board hot-pressing drying method includes the following steps: solid wood board is placed on hot press;Hot press includes the upper pressing plate and lower pressing plate oppositely arranged along vertical direction, and left side pressing plate and right side pressing plate arranged along horizontal direction;Solid wood board is preheated;Upper pressing plate and lower pressing plate are heated to hot-pressing temperature;After upper pressing plate and lower pressing plate reach hot-pressing temperature, control upper pressing plate and lower pressing plate to exert radial pressure on solid wood board, left side pressing plate and right side pressing plate exert chordal pressure on solid wood board;When the moisture content of solid wood board reduces to below moisture content threshold, pressure is released and dried solid wood board is taken out.The application simultaneously exerts radial and chordal pressure during drying process, combined with the synergistic control of pressure and temperature, effectively controls wood deformation and stress during drying process, thereby inhibiting wood shrinkage, cracking and deformation problems.