A hook tongue and its manufacturing method, railway vehicles
By designing a hook tongue structure with an upper traction flange smaller than the lower traction flange, and combining grinding and casting/forging processes, the problem of cracking in the critical area of the hook tongue was solved, improving the fatigue strength and service life of the hook tongue.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CRRC YANGTZE GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Under heavy-load transportation conditions, the critical S-surface area of the hook tongue and the arc at the root of the upper and lower traction flanges have a high rate of cracking, which seriously affects the service life of the hook tongue.
The hook tongue component is designed so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than that of the lower traction flange. The first root arc, the second root arc, and the S-surface are ground to eliminate surface oxide scale and local depressions, reduce surface stress, and the structure is improved by casting or forging.
By having the upper traction flange contact the hook body first, the lower traction flange is prevented from bearing the force first, which significantly improves the fatigue strength and service life of the hook tongue and reduces the risk of cracking.
Smart Images
Figure CN117416383B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of railway vehicle technology, specifically relating to a hook tongue and its manufacturing method, and railway vehicles. Background Technology
[0002] Railway vehicles mainly consist of the car body, running gear, braking system, coupler and buffer system, and internal equipment. The coupler is a crucial component of the coupler and buffer system, used to couple locomotives and cars or cars with cars, transmitting traction and impact forces, and maintaining a certain distance between cars. Coupler tongues can be divided into cast coupler tongues and forged coupler tongues based on different manufacturing processes. To improve the service life of cast coupler tongues, cast coupler tongues generally have structural reinforcement at weak points; forged coupler tongues, compared to cast coupler tongues, can eliminate internal defects such as shrinkage and sand inclusions that are unavoidable in casting, and can better adapt to heavy-load requirements.
[0003] According to common hook tongue failures, under heavy-load transportation conditions, regardless of whether the hook tongue is cast or forged, the cracking rate is high in the critical areas of the hook tongue S-face and the arc at the root of the upper and lower traction flanges, which seriously affects the service life of the hook tongue. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the technical problem of high cracking rates in the critical areas of the hook tongue (S-surface) and the root arc of the upper and lower traction flanges in the prior art, which seriously affects the lifespan of the hook tongue, this application provides a hook tongue, its manufacturing method, and a railway vehicle.
[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a hook tongue, comprising a hook tongue portion and a connecting portion connected to each other, wherein:
[0006] The hook tongue includes a hook tongue body, an upper traction flange and a lower traction flange. The upper traction flange and the lower traction flange are respectively disposed on both sides of the hook tongue body, and the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.
[0007] The connecting part is used to connect with the hook body.
[0008] In some alternative embodiments, a first root arc is provided between the upper traction flange and the hook tongue body, and a second root arc is provided between the lower traction flange and the hook tongue body.
[0009] In some alternative implementations, the surface roughness of the first root arc and the second root arc is required to be less than Ra25.
[0010] In some alternative embodiments, an S-surface is provided between the hook body and the connecting portion.
[0011] In some alternative implementations, the surface roughness of the S-surface is required to be less than Ra25.
[0012] In some alternative implementations, the radii of both the first root arc and the second root arc are 8-10 mm.
[0013] In some optional embodiments, the connecting part is provided with a pin hole, which includes a first connecting hole, a second connecting hole and a third connecting hole arranged in sequence, wherein the first connecting hole and the third connecting hole have the same diameter, and the diameter of the second connecting hole is larger than the diameter of the first connecting hole.
[0014] In some alternative implementations, the second connecting hole is transitioned to the first connecting hole by a first conical surface, and the second connecting hole is transitioned to the third connecting hole by a second conical surface.
[0015] In some optional embodiments, the angle between the first conical surface and the axis of the second connecting hole is 20° to 30°; the angle between the second conical surface and the axis of the second connecting hole is 20° to 30°.
[0016] A second aspect of this application provides a railway vehicle including the hook described in the first aspect.
[0017] A third aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a hook tongue based on the first aspect, wherein the hook tongue is processed by a casting process so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.
[0018] In some optional embodiments, the method further includes: grinding the transition area between the inner side of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook tongue body to form a first root arc; grinding the transition area between the inner side of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook tongue body to form a second root arc; grinding the S-surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting portion; the grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue.
[0019] A fourth aspect of this application provides another method for manufacturing the hook tongue based on the first aspect, which involves processing it by forging and grinding the inner surfaces of the upper and lower traction flanges so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.
[0020] In some optional embodiments, the method further includes boring the connecting portion with a special tool to obtain a pin hole with a first conical surface and a second conical surface.
[0021] In some optional embodiments, the method further includes: grinding a first root arc formed at the transition position between the inner side of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook tongue body; grinding a second root arc formed at the transition position between the inner side of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook tongue body; grinding an S-surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting portion; the grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue.
[0022] A hook tongue provided according to one or more embodiments of this application has the following advantages compared to the prior art:
[0023] Because the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than that of the lower traction flange, when used in conjunction with the traction flange of the hook body, the upper traction flange contacts the traction flange of the hook body first, avoiding the weaker lower traction flange from bearing the force first. This largely solves the problem of cracking when the load is concentrated on the lower traction flange, thereby improving the service life of the hook tongue. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 The three-dimensional representation of the hook tongue is shown in one or more embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;
[0025] Figure 2 The three-dimensional representation of the hook tongue is shown in one or more embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;
[0026] Figure 3 The three-dimensional representation of the hook tongue is shown in one or more embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;
[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the location of the hook tongue half-parting pin hole is shown in one or more embodiments of this application.
[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100-hook tongue, 101-first root arc, 102-second root arc, 110-hook tongue body, 120-upper traction flange, 130-lower traction flange; 200-connecting part, 210-pin hole, 211-first connecting hole, 212-second connecting hole, 213-third connecting hole, 214-first conical surface, 215-second conical surface; 300-S-surface. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0030] Please see Figures 1-4 A first aspect of this application provides a hook tongue, including a hook tongue portion 100 and a connecting portion 200, wherein:
[0031] The hook tongue 100 includes a hook tongue body 110, an upper traction flange 120 and a lower traction flange 130. The upper traction flange 120 and the lower traction flange 130 are respectively disposed on both sides of the hook tongue body 110. The radius of the upper traction flange 120 is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange 130.
[0032] The connecting part 200 is connected to the body 110, and the connecting part 200 is used to connect to the hook body.
[0033] The hook tongue proposed in this application embodiment has a radius of the upper traction flange 120 that is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange 130. When used in conjunction with the traction flange of the hook body, the upper traction flange contacts the traction flange of the hook body first, avoiding the weaker lower traction flange from being stressed first. This largely solves the problem of cracking when the load is concentrated on the lower traction flange, thereby improving the service life of the hook tongue.
[0034] In some optional embodiments, the inner surface of the upper traction flange 120 transitions to the top of the hook tongue body 110 via a first root arc 101, and the inner surface of the lower traction flange 130 transitions to the bottom of the hook tongue body 110 via a second root arc 102. In practice, the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are polished to eliminate folds, local depressions, or tool marks formed by surface oxide scale on the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102, reducing surface stress and improving the fatigue strength of the hook tongue.
[0035] In some optional embodiments, an S-surface 300 is provided between the hook tongue body 110 and the connecting portion 200, and the S-surface 300 is polished. By polishing the S-surface 300, folds, local depressions, or tool marks formed by surface oxide on the S-surface 300 can be eliminated, surface stress can be reduced, and the fatigue strength of the hook tongue can be improved.
[0036] In some optional embodiments, the grinding process is performed in the same direction as the principal stress direction experienced by the hook tongue. By aligning the grinding process with the principal stress direction, the stress distribution in critical areas of the hook tongue can be improved, thereby extending its service life.
[0037] In some optional embodiments, the surface roughness of the grinding process is required to be less than Ra25. Roughness generally refers to surface roughness, which is the small spacing and minute peak-valley unevenness of a machined surface. Surface roughness affects the wear resistance of parts; the rougher the surface, the smaller the effective contact area between mating surfaces, the greater the pressure, and the faster the wear. In this embodiment, the roughness requirement is less than Ra25 to eliminate folds, local depressions, or tool marks formed by surface oxide scale, reduce surface stress, and improve the fatigue strength of the hook tongue.
[0038] In some optional embodiments, the radii of the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are both 8-10 mm. The larger the radii of the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102, the lower the stress at the arc. However, if the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are too large, they will interfere with the traction flange of the hook body. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first root arc 101 and the second root arc 102 are preferably 8-10 mm to ensure that they do not interfere with the traction flange of the hook body while minimizing the stress at the arc.
[0039] In some optional embodiments, the connecting portion 200 is provided with a pin hole 210, which includes a first connecting hole 211, a second connecting hole 212, and a third connecting hole 213 arranged sequentially. The first connecting hole 211 and the third connecting hole 213 have the same diameter, and the diameter of the second connecting hole 212 is larger than the diameter of the first connecting hole 211. By setting the first connecting hole 211 and the third connecting hole 213 to have the same diameter, and the diameter of the second connecting hole 212 to be larger than the diameter of the first connecting hole 211, this structure, which is smaller at both ends and larger in the middle, can ensure that the larger pin size increases the connection strength, while increasing the thickness between the S-surface 300 and the pin hole 210 compared to a straight hole, thus reducing the stress level at that point.
[0040] In some alternative embodiments, the second connecting hole 212 is transitioned to the first connecting hole 211 via a first conical surface 214, and the second connecting hole 212 is transitioned to the third connecting hole 213 via a second conical surface 215. Compared to a vertical stepped transition, the transition via the first conical surface 214 and the second conical surface 215 increases the thickness between the increased S-surface 300 and the pin hole 210 at the transition point, further reducing the stress level at that point. It also facilitates tool retraction during the machining of the second connecting hole 212, improving machining convenience.
[0041] In some optional embodiments, the angle between the first conical surface 214 and the axis of the second connecting hole 212 is 20° to 30°; the angle between the second conical surface 215 and the axis of the second connecting hole 212 is 20° to 30°. By setting the angle to 20° to 30°, general-purpose machining tools can be used, allowing the pin hole 210 to be machined, thus improving the applicability of the device.
[0042] The working principle of the hook tongue proposed in this application embodiment is as follows: Since the radius of the upper traction flange 120 is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange 130, when used in conjunction with the traction flange of the hook body, the upper traction flange contacts the traction flange of the hook body first, avoiding the weaker lower traction flange from bearing the force first. This largely solves the problem of cracking easily when the load is concentrated on the lower traction flange. By polishing the first root arc 101, the second root arc 102, and the S-surface 300, folds, local depressions, or tool marks formed by surface oxide scale can be eliminated, reducing surface stress and improving the fatigue strength of the hook tongue. The transition between the second connecting hole 212 and the first connecting hole 211 via the first conical surface 214, and the transition between the second connecting hole 212 and the third connecting hole 213 via the second conical surface 215, compared to a vertical stepped transition, increases the thickness between the S-surface 300 and the pin hole 210 at the transition point, further reducing the stress level at that point. Simultaneously, it facilitates tool retraction during the machining of the second connecting hole 212, improving machining convenience.
[0043] A second aspect of this application provides a railway vehicle including the coupling tongue described in the first aspect.
[0044] In the railway vehicle provided in this embodiment, the upper traction flange of the coupler tongue contacts the traction flange of the coupler body first, avoiding the weaker lower traction flange from bearing the force first. This largely solves the problem of cracking when the load is concentrated on the lower traction flange, thereby improving the service life of the coupler tongue.
[0045] A third aspect of this application provides a method for manufacturing a hook tongue based on the first aspect, wherein the hook tongue is manufactured using a casting process so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange. In this embodiment, a pin hole core is used to ensure the structure of the pin hole.
[0046] In some optional embodiments, the process further includes: grinding the transition area between the inner surface of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook tongue body to form a first root arc; grinding the transition area between the inner surface of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook tongue body to form a second root arc; grinding the S-surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting portion; the grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue. After grinding, the surface roughness must be less than Ra25.
[0047] A fourth aspect of this application provides another method for manufacturing the hook tongue based on the first aspect, which involves processing it by forging and grinding the inner surfaces of the upper and lower traction flanges so that the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange.
[0048] In some optional embodiments, the method further includes boring the connecting portion with a special tool to obtain a pin hole with a first conical surface and a second conical surface.
[0049] In some optional embodiments, the process further includes: grinding a first root arc formed at the transition position between the inner surface of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook tongue body; grinding a second root arc formed at the transition position between the inner surface of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook tongue body; grinding an S-surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting portion; the grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue. After grinding, the surface roughness must be less than Ra25.
[0050] In some alternative embodiments, the first root arc, the second root arc, and the S-surface can also be machined to make their surface roughness less than Ra25.
[0051] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0052] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0054] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0055] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A knuckle, characterized in that Includes an interconnected hook tongue and a connecting part, wherein: The hook tongue includes a hook tongue body, an upper traction flange and a lower traction flange. The upper traction flange and the lower traction flange are respectively disposed on both sides of the hook tongue body, and the radius of the upper traction flange is smaller than the radius of the lower traction flange. The connecting part is used to connect with the hook body; An S-face is provided between the hook tongue body and the connecting part; The connecting part is provided with a pin hole, which includes a first connecting hole, a second connecting hole and a third connecting hole arranged in sequence. The first connecting hole and the third connecting hole have the same diameter, and the diameter of the second connecting hole is larger than the diameter of the first connecting hole. The second connecting hole is connected to the first connecting hole by a first conical surface, and the second connecting hole is connected to the third connecting hole by a second conical surface. When used in conjunction with the traction flange of the hook body, the upper traction flange contacts the traction flange of the hook body first, before the lower traction flange.
2. A knuckle as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that A first root arc is provided between the upper traction flange and the hook tongue body, and a second root arc is provided between the lower traction flange and the hook tongue body.
3. The hook tongue according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface roughness of the first and second root arcs must be less than Ra25.
4. The hook tongue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface roughness of the S-surface must be less than Ra25.
5. The hook tongue according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radii of the first and second root arcs are both 8-10 mm.
6. The hook tongue according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the first conical surface and the axis of the second connecting hole is 20°~30°; the angle between the second conical surface and the axis of the second connecting hole is 20°~30°.
7. A railway vehicle comprising the coupling tongue as described in any one of claims 1-6.
8. A method for manufacturing a hook tongue according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The upper traction flange is processed by casting so that its radius is smaller than that of the lower traction flange.
9. The method for manufacturing a hook tongue according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Grind the transition area between the inner side of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook tongue body to form a first root arc; grind the transition area between the inner side of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook tongue body to form a second root arc; grind the S-surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting part; the grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue.
10. A method for manufacturing a hook tongue according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The upper and lower traction flanges are processed by forging and polished to make the radius of the upper traction flange smaller than that of the lower traction flange.
11. The method for manufacturing a hook tongue according to claim 10, characterized in that, Also includes: The connecting part is bored by a special tool to obtain a pin hole with a first conical surface and a second conical surface.
12. The method for manufacturing a hook tongue according to claim 11, characterized in that, Also includes: Grind the first root arc formed at the transition position between the inner side of the upper traction flange and the top of the hook tongue body; grind the second root arc formed at the transition position between the inner side of the lower traction flange and the bottom of the hook tongue body; grind the S-surface formed between the hook tongue body and the connecting part; the grinding direction is consistent with the direction of the principal stress on the hook tongue.