A high-strength daily-use ceramic and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of daily-use ceramics, and specifically to a high-strength daily-use ceramic and a preparation method thereof. This solution uses raw materials such as "kaolin, quartz, potassium feldspar, clay, talc, zirconia, corundum" in compound, and is processed into a green body by dry pressing molding. Zirconia and corundum are introduced into the green body to enhance and toughen the green body ceramics, so that the prepared green body has excellent flexural strength and mechanical properties; after drying the green body, glaze is applied on the surface to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the ceramics. Tourmaline is introduced into the glaze in this solution. Tourmaline can emit far-infrared rays, which can be absorbed by the human body, thereby improving blood circulation and enhancing human immunity. Tourmaline can also generate negative ions, catalyze and degrade organic harmful substances in the air, and purify the air. Therefore, the daily-use ceramics prepared by this solution have high environmental friendliness and higher practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of daily-use ceramics, and particularly to a high-strength daily-use ceramic and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Daily-use ceramics are ceramics produced for people's daily life needs, such as tableware, tea sets, coffee sets and other utensils. Because of their high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, strong chemical corrosion resistance and other properties, they occupy an important position in the market. The performance of ceramics depends to a large extent on the choice of raw materials. To produce high-quality ceramic products, excellent raw materials are the foundation. However, the wear resistance of existing daily-use ceramics on the market is poor, and the antibacterial effect cannot meet the actual needs.

[0003] Therefore, based on this situation, the present application discloses a high-strength daily-use ceramic and a preparation method thereof to solve this technical problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-strength daily-use ceramic and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A preparation method of a high-strength daily-use ceramic, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium silicate to obtain a base glaze;

[0008] (2) Add an abrasion-resistant material and a rare earth oxide to the base glaze, mix for 5-10 minutes, then add deionized water, a dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose, ball mill for 1.5-2.5 hours, the ball mill speed is 250-350 r / min, pass through a 150-mesh sieve, and remove iron to obtain a glaze slurry;

[0009] When the abrasion-resistant material is a compound powder and tourmaline compounded, the mass ratio of the compound powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling;

[0010] When the abrasion-resistant material is a compound powder, alumina polyhollow spheres and tourmaline compounded, the mass ratio of the compound powder, alumina polyhollow spheres and tourmaline is 3.5:1.5:1, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling;

[0011] When the abrasion-resistant material is a compound powder and alumina polyhollow spheres compounded, the mass ratio of the compound powder to alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, and glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling;

[0012] (3) Glazing is carried out by dipping. Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body and dry to form the bottom glaze; spray glaze slurry B on the bottom glaze and dry to form the intermediate glaze; then spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze and dry to form the surface glaze, and then glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily-use ceramics.

[0013] In the embodiment of this solution, in step (2), the grinding balls are zirconia balls, and the mass ratio of the material to the zirconia balls is 1:

[0014] 1.5; the amount of deionized water used is 45-50 wt% of the basic glaze; the amount of rare earth oxide used is 0.5-0.8 wt% of the basic glaze, and the rare earth oxide is a compound of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide with a mass ratio of 1:1; the amount of carboxymethyl cellulose used is 0.3-0.5 wt% of the basic glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate with an amount of 1-3 wt% of the basic glaze.

[0015] In the embodiment of this solution, in glaze slurry A, the amount of wear-resistant material used is 7-9 wt% of the basic glaze; in glaze slurry B, the amount of wear-resistant material used is 5-7 wt% of the basic glaze; in glaze slurry C, the amount of wear-resistant material used is 4-6 wt% of the basic glaze.

[0016] In the embodiment of this solution, in step (1), the amounts of each component of the basic glaze are as follows: in parts by mass, 5-10 parts of potassium feldspar, 22-30 parts of sodium feldspar, 25-32 parts of quartz, 6-8 parts of calcite, 15-18 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-4 parts of talc, 8-10 parts of kaolin, 1-3 parts of zinc oxide, 1-3 parts of magnesium oxide, and 5-15 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0017] In the embodiment of this solution, the preparation steps of the composite powder are: mix copper nitrate trihydrate, alumina and zirconia, dissolve them in absolute ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9-10 h, the ball mill speed is 300-350 rpm, let it stand for 10-15 min every 50-60 min of ball milling, dry at 80-90 °C for 10-12 h, then transfer to 300-350 °C for calcination for 2-3 h, crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0018] In the embodiment of this solution, the mass ratio of the alumina to the zirconia is (3-3.1); the amount of copper nitrate trihydrate used is 4-6 wt% of the alumina.

[0019] In the embodiment of this solution, in step (3), the amounts of each component of the green body are as follows: in parts by mass, 20-25 parts of kaolin, 15-25 parts of quartz, 20-26 parts of potassium feldspar, 8-12 parts of clay, 2-4 parts of talc, 4-6 parts of zirconia, and 10-12 parts of corundum; the green body is processed and formed by dry pressing.

[0020] In the embodiment of this solution, in step (3), during glaze firing, first raise the temperature at a heating rate of 3 - 5 °C / min to 790 - 820 °C, hold for 15 - 25 min, then raise the temperature at a heating rate of 1 - 3 °C / min to 1020 - 1050 °C, hold for 10 - 15 min, and then raise the temperature at a heating rate of 1 - 2 °C / min to 1200 - 1220 °C, hold for 50 - 60 min.

[0021] In the embodiment of this solution, the thickness of the base glaze is 0.8 - 1 mm, the thickness of the intermediate glaze is 0.5 - 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the surface glaze is 0.4 - 0.6 mm.

[0022] In the embodiment of this solution, daily-use ceramics prepared by the preparation method of a kind of high-strength daily-use ceramics described above.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0024] The present invention discloses a preparation method of high-strength daily-use ceramics. The solution is compounded with raw materials such as "kaolin, quartz, potassium feldspar, clay, talc, zirconia, corundum", etc., and processed into a green body by dry pressing molding. Zirconia and corundum are introduced into the green body to enhance and toughen the green body ceramics, so that the prepared green body has excellent flexural strength and mechanical properties; after drying the green body, glaze is applied on the surface to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the ceramics. Tourmaline is introduced into the glaze. Tourmaline can emit far-infrared rays. Tourmaline can also generate negative ions, catalyze and degrade organic harmful substances in the air, and purify the air. Therefore, the daily-use ceramics prepared by this solution have high environmental friendliness and higher practicability.

[0025] This solution uses the base glaze as the main material, adds wear-resistant materials, rare earth oxides, deionized water, dispersants and other components and mixes them by ball milling to obtain glaze slurry. That is, the specific composition of the glaze slurry is base glaze + wear-resistant material + other components. The base glaze is compounded by mixing potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium silicate; by adjusting the components and ratios of the wear-resistant materials, three kinds of glaze slurries are respectively set, and the specific glazing sequence is limited. The specific process is as follows:

[0026] (1) Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body to form a base glaze. The amount of the wear-resistant material in glaze slurry C is limited to 4 - 6 wt% of the base glaze. The wear-resistant material is a compound powder body and alumina polyhollow spheres compounded, and the mass ratio is 1.5:3.5; that is, the most preferred solution is: base glaze + 1.5 wt% compound powder body + 3.5 wt% alumina polyhollow spheres + other components.

[0027] (2) Spray glaze slurry B on the base glaze to form an intermediate glaze. The amount of wear-resistant material in glaze slurry B is limited to 5-7 wt% of the base glaze. The wear-resistant material is a compound of composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline, with a mass ratio of 3.5:1.5:1. That is, the most preferred scheme is: base glaze + 3.5 wt% composite powder + 1.5 wt% alumina polyhollow spheres + 1 wt% tourmaline + other components.

[0028] (3) Spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze to form a surface glaze. The amount of wear-resistant material in glaze slurry A is limited to 7-9 wt% of the base glaze. When the wear-resistant material is a compound of composite powder and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5. That is, the most preferred scheme is: base glaze + 6.5 wt% composite powder + 0.5 wt% tourmaline + other components.

[0029] The reason for such a setting is that in order to improve the surface wear resistance of daily-use ceramics, the components of the ceramic surface glaze are adjusted using the idea of natural bionics, and it is set as a surface glaze with high hardness - an intermediate glaze with moderate properties - a base glaze with high toughness. The prepared ceramics not only have high surface hardness but also excellent wear resistance and improved impact resistance.

[0030] Alumina polyhollow spheres are materials composed of multiple hollow spheres. When added to the glaze, this component can act as a soft layer to toughen the base glaze. Therefore, the toughness of the base glaze will be much better than that of the intermediate glaze and the surface glaze. The wear-resistant material in the surface glaze is mainly composite powder, and the composite powder is mainly prepared by ball milling alumina and zirconia balls, which will greatly improve the hardness of the surface glaze, thus ensuring a three-layer transition structure of soft-hard on the surface of the green body and greatly improving the wear resistance of daily-use ceramics.

[0031] On this basis, tourmaline is introduced into both the surface glaze and the intermediate glaze in this scheme. Tourmaline introduced into the glaze slurry can improve the whiteness and gloss of the glaze surface and improve its comprehensive properties. However, the introduction of tourmaline will reduce the hardness of the glaze surface. Therefore, to ensure the ceramic properties, this scheme limits the "mass ratio of composite powder to tourmaline to 6.5:0.5" in the surface glaze and limits the "mass ratio of composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline to 3.5:1.5:1" in the intermediate glaze to avoid excessive introduction of tourmaline in the surface glaze resulting in a decrease in its hardness and mechanical properties.

[0032] In this scheme, copper nitrate trihydrate, alumina, and zirconia are mixed, ball milled, crushed, and sieved to prepare a composite powder. On the one hand, due to the presence of alumina and zirconia, the composite powder added to the glaze slurry can effectively improve the hardness of the glaze surface. At the same time, due to the presence of copper nitrate trihydrate, the prepared composite powder has excellent antibacterial properties, making the prepared daily-use ceramics also have relatively excellent antibacterial properties.

[0033] It should be emphasized here that in this application, it is defined that "the dosage of copper nitrate trihydrate is 4-6 wt% of alumina". Its addition amount is relatively small. Since there will be losses during the subsequent glaze firing process, but in this solution, rare earth oxides are added to the glaze slurry. The presence of rare earth oxides will inhibit the dissolution of copper, thus reducing copper loss and ensuring the antibacterial performance of the product. Therefore, not too much copper nitrate trihydrate needs to be added to the composite powder, and the antibacterial performance of the final daily-use ceramics has met the requirements. Specific Embodiments

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] In this embodiment, the particle size of alumina is 30-40 nm, the particle size of zirconia is 40-50 nm; the particle sizes of rare earth oxides cerium oxide and yttrium oxide are both 40-50 nm; the alumina polyhollow spheres are provided by Hebei Yonglong Bangda New Materials Co., Ltd., with a particle size of 40-50 μm, and the bulk density of the alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.21 g / cm 3 ; the tourmaline is lithium tourmaline, provided by Yanguo Mineral Products Processing Factory, with the model DQSZ2021.

[0036] In this embodiment, zirconia balls are used as grinding balls during ball milling, and the mass ratios of the materials to the zirconia balls are both 1:1.5; the dosages of the components of the green body are as follows: in parts by mass, 20 parts of kaolin, 25 parts of quartz, 24 parts of potassium feldspar, 10 parts of clay, 4 parts of talc, 5 parts of zirconia, and 12 parts of corundum; the green body is processed and formed by the dry pressing method, and after drying, it is glazed according to the method of the following examples. The green body has a specification of a circular green body with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 7 mm.

[0037] Example 1: A preparation method of high-strength daily-use ceramics, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) The preparation step of the composite powder is: mix 3.5 g of copper nitrate trihydrate, 71.4 g of alumina and 23.5 g of zirconia, dissolve them in anhydrous ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9 h, the ball milling speed is 300 rpm, and let it stand for 15 min every 60 min of ball milling, dry at 80 °C for 12 h, then transfer to calcine at 300 °C for 3 h, crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0039] Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium silicate to obtain the base glaze.

[0040] The dosage of each component of the base glaze is as follows: by mass, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 28 parts of quartz, 6 parts of calcite, 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of talc, 10 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, and 12 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0041] (2) Add abrasives and rare earth oxides to the base glaze, mix for 5 min, then add deionized water, dispersant, and carboxymethyl cellulose, and ball mill for 2 h at a ball mill speed of 300 r / min. Pass through a 150-mesh sieve and remove iron to obtain the glaze slurry. The dosage of the deionized water is 50 wt% of the base glaze; the dosage of the rare earth oxides is 0.6 wt% of the base glaze. The rare earth oxides are a compound of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide with a mass ratio of 1:1; the dosage of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate with a dosage of 2.5 wt% of the base glaze.

[0042] When the abrasive is a compound of composite powder and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, and the dosage of the abrasive is 7 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling.

[0043] When the abrasive is a compound of composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline is 3.5:1.5:1, and the dosage of the abrasive is 6 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling.

[0044] When the abrasive is a compound of composite powder and alumina polyhollow spheres, the mass ratio of the composite powder to alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, and the dosage of the abrasive is 5 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling.

[0045] (3) Glaze application is carried out by dipping. Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body and dry to form the bottom glaze with a thickness of 1 mm; spray glaze slurry B on the bottom glaze and dry to form the intermediate glaze with a thickness of 0.6 mm; then spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze and dry to form the surface glaze with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and then glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily-use ceramics.

[0046] During glaze firing, first heat up at a heating rate of 3 °C / min to 790 °C, hold for 25 min, then heat up at a heating rate of 2 °C / min to 1020 °C, hold for 15 min, and then heat up at a heating rate of 1 °C / min to 1220 °C, hold for 60 min.

[0047] Example 2: A preparation method of high-strength daily-use ceramics, comprising the following steps:

[0048] (1) The preparation steps of the composite powder are as follows: Mix 3.5 g of copper nitrate trihydrate, 71.4 g of alumina, and 23.5 g of zirconia, dissolve them in anhydrous ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9 h at a ball milling speed of 300 rpm, let it stand for 15 min every 60 min of ball milling, dry at 85 °C for 11 h, then transfer it to calcine at 325 °C for 2.5 h, crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0049] Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium silicate to obtain the base glaze.

[0050] The dosage of each component of the base glaze is as follows: by mass, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 28 parts of quartz, 6 parts of calcite, 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of talc, 10 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, and 12 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0051] (2) Add abrasives and rare earth oxides to the base glaze, mix for 8 min, then add deionized water, dispersant, and carboxymethyl cellulose, ball mill for 2 h at a ball milling speed of 300 r / min, pass through a 150-mesh sieve, and remove iron to obtain the glaze slurry. The dosage of the deionized water is 50 wt% of the base glaze; the dosage of the rare earth oxides is 0.6 wt% of the base glaze, and the rare earth oxides are a compound of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide with a mass ratio of 1:1; the dosage of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate with a dosage of 2.5 wt% of the base glaze.

[0052] When the abrasive is a compound of the composite powder and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, and the dosage of the abrasive is 7 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling.

[0053] When the abrasive is a compound of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline is 3.5:1.5:1, and the dosage of the abrasive is 6 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling.

[0054] When the abrasive is a compound of the composite powder and alumina polyhollow spheres, the mass ratio of the composite powder to alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, and the dosage of the abrasive is 5 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling.

[0055] (3) Glaze application is carried out by dipping. Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body and dry to form the bottom glaze with a thickness of 0.9 mm; spray glaze slurry B on the bottom glaze and dry to form the intermediate glaze with a thickness of 0.7 mm; then spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze and dry to form the surface glaze with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily-use ceramics.

[0056] During glaze firing, first heat at a heating rate of 3 °C / min to 800 °C, hold for 20 min, then heat at a heating rate of 2 °C / min to 1040 °C, hold for 15 min, and then heat at a heating rate of 1 °C / min to 1220 °C, hold for 60 min.

[0057] Example 3: A method for preparing high-strength daily-use ceramics, comprising the following steps:

[0058] (1) The preparation steps of the composite powder are as follows: Mix 3.5 g of copper nitrate trihydrate, 71.4 g of alumina, and 23.5 g of zirconia, dissolve in absolute ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9 h, the ball mill speed is 300 rpm, let stand for 15 min every 60 min of ball milling, dry at 90 °C for 10 h, then transfer to calcine at 350 °C for 2 h, crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0059] Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium silicate to obtain the base glaze.

[0060] The dosage of each component of the base glaze is as follows: by mass, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 28 parts of quartz, 6 parts of calcite, 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of talc, 10 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, and 12 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0061] (2) Add wear-resistant materials and rare earth oxides to the base glaze, mix for 10 min, then add deionized water, dispersant, and carboxymethyl cellulose, ball mill for 2 h, the ball mill speed is 300 r / min, pass through a 150-mesh sieve, and remove iron to obtain the glaze slurry. The dosage of the deionized water is 50 wt% of the base glaze; the dosage of the rare earth oxide is 0.6 wt% of the base glaze, the rare earth oxide is a compound of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide, and the mass ratio is 1:1; the dosage of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate, and the dosage is 2.5 wt% of the base glaze.

[0062] When the wear-resistant material is a compound of the composite powder and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, and the dosage of the wear-resistant material is 7 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling.

[0063] When the wear-resistant material is a compound of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline is 3.5:1.5:1, and the dosage of the wear-resistant material is 6 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling.

[0064] When the wear-resistant material is a composite powder and alumina polyhollow spheres are compounded, the mass ratio of the composite powder to alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, and the dosage of the wear-resistant material is 5 wt% of the base glaze. Glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling.

[0065] (3) Glazing is carried out by dipping. Glaze slurry C is dipped on the surface of the green body and dried to form a bottom glaze with a thickness of 0.8 mm; Glaze slurry B is sprayed on the bottom glaze and dried to form an intermediate glaze with a thickness of 0.7 mm; Then glaze slurry A is sprayed on the intermediate glaze and dried to form a surface glaze with a thickness of 0.6 mm. After glaze firing, the said daily-use ceramics are obtained.

[0066] During glaze firing, first, the temperature is raised to 820 °C at a heating rate of 3 °C / min and held for 15 min, then the temperature is raised to 1050 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C / min and held for 10 min, and then the temperature is raised to 1220 °C at a heating rate of 1 °C / min and held for 60 min.

[0067] Using the method disclosed in Example 3 as the experimental group, a control experiment is carried out, specifically Comparative Examples 1 to 4, as shown below:

[0068] Comparative Example 1: A method for preparing high-strength daily-use ceramics, including the following steps:

[0069] (1) The preparation steps of the composite powder are as follows: 3.5 g of copper nitrate trihydrate, 71.4 g of alumina, and 23.5 g of zirconia are mixed, dissolved in absolute ethanol and stirred evenly, ball milled for 9 h at a ball milling speed of 300 rpm, left standing for 15 min every 60 min of ball milling, dried at 90 °C for 10 h, then transferred to calcine at 350 °C for 2 h, crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0070] Potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium silicate are mixed to obtain the base glaze.

[0071] The dosage of each component of the base glaze is as follows: in parts by mass, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 28 parts of quartz, 6 parts of calcite, 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of talc, 10 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, and 12 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0072] (2) Add abrasives and rare earth oxides to the base glaze, mix for 10 min, then add deionized water, dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose, ball mill for 2 h at a ball mill speed of 300 r / min, pass through a 150-mesh sieve, and remove iron to obtain the glaze slurry. The amount of deionized water used is 50 wt% of the base glaze; the amount of rare earth oxides used is 0.6 wt% of the base glaze. The rare earth oxides are a compound of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide with a mass ratio of 1:1; the amount of carboxymethyl cellulose used is 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate with an amount of 2.5 wt% of the base glaze.

[0073] When the abrasive is a compound of composite powder and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, and the amount of the abrasive used is 7 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling.

[0074] When the abrasive is a compound of composite powder and alumina polyhollow spheres, the mass ratio of the composite powder to alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, and the amount of the abrasive used is 5 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling.

[0075] (3) Glaze application is carried out by dipping. Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body and dry to form the base glaze with a thickness of 0.8 mm; spray glaze slurry A on the base glaze and dry to form the surface glaze with a thickness of 0.6 mm, and then glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily-use ceramics.

[0076] During glaze firing, first heat up at a heating rate of 3 °C / min to 820 °C, hold for 15 min, then heat up at a heating rate of 2 °C / min to 1050 °C, hold for 10 min, and then heat up at a heating rate of 1 °C / min to 1220 °C, hold for 60 min.

[0077] Compared with Example 3, Comparative Example 1 did not set an intermediate glaze, but only set a surface glaze and a base glaze.

[0078] Comparative Example 2: A method for preparing high-strength daily-use ceramics, comprising the following steps:

[0079] (1) The preparation step of the composite powder is as follows: Mix 3.5 g of copper nitrate trihydrate, 71.4 g of alumina and 23.5 g of zirconia, dissolve in absolute ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9 h at a ball mill speed of 300 rpm, let stand for 15 min every 60 min of ball milling, dry at 90 °C for 10 h, then transfer to calcine at 350 °C for 2 h, crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0080] Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium silicate to obtain the base glaze.

[0081] The dosage of each component of the base glaze is as follows: in parts by mass, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 28 parts of quartz, 6 parts of calcite, 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of talc, 10 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, and 12 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0082] (2) Add abrasives and rare earth oxides to the base glaze, mix for 10 min, then add deionized water, dispersant, and carboxymethyl cellulose, ball mill for 2 h at a ball mill speed of 300 r / min, pass through a 150-mesh sieve, and remove iron to obtain the glaze slurry. The dosage of the deionized water is 50 wt% of the base glaze; the dosage of the rare earth oxides is 0.6 wt% of the base glaze, and the rare earth oxides are a compound of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide with a mass ratio of 1:1; the dosage of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate with a dosage of 2.5 wt% of the base glaze.

[0083] When the abrasive is a compound of composite powder and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, and the dosage of the abrasive is 7 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling.

[0084] When the abrasive is a compound of composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline is 3.5:1.5:1, and the dosage of the abrasive is 6 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling.

[0085] (3) Spray glaze slurry B on the green body and dry to form an intermediate glaze with a thickness of 0.7 mm; then spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze and dry to form a surface glaze with a thickness of 0.6 mm, and then glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily-use ceramics.

[0086] During glaze firing, first heat up at a heating rate of 3 °C / min to 820 °C, hold for 15 min, then heat up at a heating rate of 2 °C / min to 1050 °C, hold for 10 min, and then heat up at a heating rate of 1 °C / min to 1220 °C, hold for 60 min.

[0087] Compared with Example 3, in Comparative Example 2, there is no bottom glaze, only surface glaze and intermediate glaze are set.

[0088] Comparative Example 3: A method for preparing high-strength daily-use ceramics, including the following steps:

[0089] (1) The preparation steps of the composite powder are as follows: Mix 3.5 g of copper nitrate trihydrate, 71.4 g of alumina, and 23.5 g of zirconia, dissolve in absolute ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9 h at a ball mill speed of 300 rpm, let stand for 15 min every 60 min of ball milling, dry at 90 °C for 10 h, then transfer to calcine at 350 °C for 2 h, crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0090] Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium silicate to obtain a base glaze.

[0091] The dosage of each component of the base glaze is as follows: in parts by mass, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 28 parts of quartz, 6 parts of calcite, 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of talc, 10 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, and 12 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0092] (2) Add an abrasive to the base glaze, mix for 10 min, then add deionized water, a dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose, and ball mill for 2 h at a ball mill speed of 300 r / min. Pass through a 150-mesh sieve and remove iron to obtain a glaze slurry. The dosage of the deionized water is 50 wt% of the base glaze; the dosage of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate, and its dosage is 2.5 wt% of the base glaze.

[0093] When the abrasive is a compound powder and tourmaline compounded, the mass ratio of the compound powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, the dosage of the abrasive is 7 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling.

[0094] When the abrasive is a compound powder, alumina polyhollow spheres and tourmaline compounded, the mass ratio of the compound powder, alumina polyhollow spheres and tourmaline is 3.5:1.5:1, the dosage of the abrasive is 6 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling.

[0095] When the abrasive is a compound powder and alumina polyhollow spheres compounded, the mass ratio of the compound powder to alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, the dosage of the abrasive is 5 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling.

[0096] (3) Glaze application is carried out by dipping. Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body and dry to form a bottom glaze with a thickness of 0.8 mm; spray glaze slurry B on the bottom glaze and dry to form an intermediate glaze with a thickness of 0.7 mm; then spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze and dry to form a top glaze with a thickness of 0.6 mm, and then glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily-use ceramics.

[0097] During glaze firing, first heat up at a heating rate of 3 °C / min to 820 °C, hold for 15 min, then heat up at a heating rate of 2 °C / min to 1050 °C, hold for 10 min, and then heat up at a heating rate of 1 °C / min to 1220 °C, hold for 60 min.

[0098] Compared with Example 3, in Comparative Example 3, rare earth oxides were not added to the glaze slurry.

[0099] Comparative Example 4: A method for preparing high-strength daily-use ceramics, comprising the following steps:

[0100] (1) The preparation steps of the composite powder are as follows: Mix 3.5 g of copper nitrate trihydrate, 71.4 g of alumina, and 23.5 g of zirconia, dissolve them in absolute ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9 h at a ball mill speed of 300 rpm, let it stand for 15 min every 60 min of ball milling, dry at 90 °C for 10 h, then transfer to calcine at 350 °C for 2 h, crush and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite powder.

[0101] Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium silicate to obtain the base glaze.

[0102] The dosage of each component of the base glaze is as follows: by mass, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 25 parts of sodium feldspar, 28 parts of quartz, 6 parts of calcite, 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of talc, 10 parts of kaolin, 2.5 parts of zinc oxide, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, and 12 parts of zirconium silicate.

[0103] (2) Add abrasives and rare earth oxides to the base glaze, mix for 10 min, then add deionized water, dispersant, and carboxymethyl cellulose, ball mill for 2 h at a ball mill speed of 300 r / min, pass through a 150-mesh sieve, and remove iron to obtain the glaze slurry. The dosage of the deionized water is 50 wt% of the base glaze; the dosage of the rare earth oxides is 0.6 wt% of the base glaze, and the rare earth oxides are a compound of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide with a mass ratio of 1:1; the dosage of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate with a dosage of 2.5 wt% of the base glaze.

[0104] When the abrasive is a compound of the composite powder and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder to tourmaline is 6:1, and the dosage of the abrasive is 7 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling.

[0105] When the abrasive is a compound of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline, the mass ratio of the composite powder, alumina polyhollow spheres, and tourmaline is 4:1.5:0.5, and the dosage of the abrasive is 6 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling.

[0106] When the abrasive is a compound of the composite powder and alumina polyhollow spheres, the mass ratio of the composite powder to alumina polyhollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, and the dosage of the abrasive is 5 wt% of the base glaze, and glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling.

[0107] (3) Glazing is carried out by dipping. Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body, dry to form the bottom glaze with a thickness of 0.8 mm; spray glaze slurry B on the bottom glaze, dry to form the intermediate glaze with a thickness of 0.7 mm; then spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze, dry to form the surface glaze with a thickness of 0.6 mm, and glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily-use ceramics.

[0108] During glaze firing, first heat at a heating rate of 3 °C / min to 820 °C, hold for 15 min, then heat at a heating rate of 2 °C / min to 1050 °C, hold for 10 min, and then heat at a heating rate of 1 °C / min to 1220 °C, hold for 60 min.

[0109] Compared with Example 3, Comparative Example 4 adjusted the amount of tourmaline in the surface glaze and intermediate glaze.

[0110] Detection experiment:

[0111] 1. Abrasion resistance: Refer to the test method of GB / T3810.7-2016 "Test methods for ceramic tiles - Part 7: Determination of abrasion resistance of glazed tiles surface". The grinding medium is a 3 mm diameter steel ball (52.5 g). After 12000 revolutions, rinse with deionized water and dry at 110 °C, and record the worn mass.

[0112] 2. Hardness: Test the microhardness of the glaze surface. Place the ceramic sample on the table, apply a load to the glazed surface. The load is 980.7 mN, and record the hardness value (HV). The hardness value of Example 1 is 828, the hardness value of Example 2 is 829, the hardness value of Example 1 is 832, and the hardness value of Comparative Example 4 is 814.

[0113] 3. Whiteness: Use a WSB-3A whiteness meter to test the whiteness value of the glaze surface of the ceramic sample.

[0114] 4. Antibacterial property: Refer to the method disclosed in JC / T897-2014 to test the antibacterial property of the ceramic sample, record the antibacterial rate, and the strain is Escherichia coli.

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] Conclusion: The present invention discloses a preparation method of high-strength daily-use ceramics. The scheme is to compound raw materials such as "kaolin, quartz, potassium feldspar, clay, talc, zirconia, corundum", and process them into a green body by dry pressing. Zirconia and corundum are introduced into the green body to enhance and toughen the green body ceramics, so that the prepared green body has excellent flexural strength and mechanical properties; after drying the green body, glaze is applied on the surface to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the ceramics.

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of high-strength daily-use ceramics, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) Mix potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, quartz, calcite, calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium silicate to obtain a base glaze; (2) Add an abrasive and rare earth oxides to the base glaze, mix for 5 - 10 min, then add deionized water, a dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose, ball mill for 1.5 - 2.5 h, pass through a 150 - mesh sieve, and remove iron to obtain a glaze slurry; When the abrasive is a compound powder and tourmaline in combination, the mass ratio of the compound powder to tourmaline is 6.5:0.5, and glaze slurry A is obtained by ball milling; When the abrasive is a compound powder, alumina poly - hollow spheres and tourmaline in combination, the mass ratio of the compound powder, alumina poly - hollow spheres, and tourmaline is 3.5:1.5:1, and glaze slurry B is obtained by ball milling; When the abrasive is a compound powder and alumina poly - hollow spheres in combination, the mass ratio of the compound powder to alumina poly - hollow spheres is 1.5:3.5, and glaze slurry C is obtained by ball milling; (3) Glaze application is carried out by dipping. Dip glaze slurry C on the surface of the green body, dry to form a bottom glaze; spray glaze slurry B on the bottom glaze, dry to form an intermediate glaze; then spray glaze slurry A on the intermediate glaze, dry to form a surface glaze, and glaze firing is carried out to obtain the daily - use ceramics; In glaze slurry A, the dosage of the abrasive is 7 - 9 wt% of the base glaze; in glaze slurry B, the dosage of the abrasive is 5 - 7 wt% of the base glaze; In glaze slurry C, the dosage of the abrasive is 4 - 6 wt% of the base glaze; The dosages of each component of the base glaze are as follows: in parts by mass, 5 - 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 22 - 30 parts of sodium feldspar, 25 - 32 parts of quartz, 6 - 8 parts of calcite, 15 - 18 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 - 4 parts of talc, 8 - 10 parts of kaolin, 1 - 3 parts of zinc oxide, 1 - 3 parts of magnesium oxide, and 5 - 15 parts of zirconium silicate; The preparation steps of the compound powder are: mix copper nitrate trihydrate, alumina and zirconia, dissolve in absolute ethanol and stir evenly, ball mill for 9 - 10 h, dry at 80 - 90 °C for 10 - 12 h, then transfer to calcine at 300 - 350 °C for 2 - 3 h, crush and pass through a 100 - mesh sieve to obtain the compound powder.

2. The preparation method of a high-strength daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the dosage of the deionized water is 45 - 50 wt% of the base glaze; the dosage of the rare earth oxides is 0.5 - 0.8 wt% of the base glaze, the rare earth oxides are a combination of cerium oxide and yttrium oxide with a mass ratio of 1:1; the dosage of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.3 - 0.5 wt% of the base glaze; the dispersant is sodium tripolyphosphate with a dosage of 1 - 3 wt% of the base glaze.

3. The preparation method of a high-strength daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the alumina to the zirconia is (3 - 3.1); the dosage of the copper nitrate trihydrate is 4 - 6 wt% of the alumina.

4. The preparation method of a high-strength daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, wherein: In step (3), the dosages of each component of the green body are as follows: in parts by mass, 20 - 25 parts of kaolin, 15 - 25 parts of quartz, 20 - 26 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 - 12 parts of clay, 2 - 4 parts of talc, 4 - 6 parts of zirconia, and 10 - 12 parts of corundum.

5. The preparation method of a high-strength daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), during glaze firing, first raise the temperature at a heating rate of 3 - 5 °C / min to 790 - 820 °C, hold for 15 - 25 min, then raise the temperature at a heating rate of 1 - 3 °C / min to 1020 - 1050 °C, hold for 10 - 15 min, and then raise the temperature at a heating rate of 1 - 2 °C / min to 1200 - 1220 °C, hold for 50 - 60 min.

6. The preparation method of a high-strength daily-use ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the bottom glaze is 0.8 - 1 mm, the thickness of the middle glaze is 0.5 - 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the surface glaze is 0.4 - 0.6 mm.

7. Daily-use ceramics prepared by the method for preparing high-strength daily-use ceramics according to any one of claims 1 - 6.

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