A new energy distribution low-carbon interaction and transaction method and optimized operation system

Abstract

The application discloses a new energy distribution and utilization low-carbon interaction and transaction method and an optimized operation system. The method comprises the following specific steps: obtaining operation information of a distribution and utilization system; establishing a carbon emission accounting model of the distribution and utilization system based on a carbon flow theory, performing user electricity carbon emission accounting and distribution network loss carbon emission accounting in the distribution and utilization system, and explicitly defining user electricity carbon emission responsibility; establishing a low-carbon interactive operation model of the distribution and utilization system; solving the low-carbon interactive operation model of the distribution and utilization system, and outputting a low-carbon interactive operation scheme; executing the low-carbon interactive operation scheme, collecting carbon emission costs from power users according to user electricity carbon emission, and taking part of the funds as rewards; and establishing a low-carbon interactive reward distribution model, and rewarding users participating in the low-carbon interaction according to low-carbon contribution degrees. The application can exert carbon emission reduction potential of flexible loads, promote low-carbon interaction between a power grid and users, reduce carbon emission of the distribution and utilization system operation, and realize low-carbon development of the distribution and utilization system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-carbon interactive operation and trading methods for power systems, specifically to a low-carbon interactive trading method and optimized operation system for new energy power distribution and consumption. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, driven by the "dual carbon" goals, low-carbon power technology has become a driving force for the transformation of the power energy industry and the realization of low-carbon innovative development. Against this backdrop, carbon emission reduction will become one of the important goals for the sustainable development of the power industry, which is changing the industry's development model. Furthermore, the penetration of low-carbon concepts and the introduction of various low-carbon elements will give the power industry distinct low-carbon characteristics and a completely new operating mode, and will have a wide-ranging impact on the operation, dispatch, and other functional aspects of the power system.

[0003] A power distribution system is a type of power system that distributes, transmits, and converts electrical energy from the power supply system to provide power to users. It is widely used in industrial and commercial parks, residential areas, and other areas, serving as the final link in power transmission to provide safe, reliable, and economical electricity to a wide range of users. Traditional power distribution systems often neglect environmental friendliness and carbon emissions during operation, resulting in high carbon emissions. With the advocacy of a low-carbon economy and increased environmental awareness, seeking a low-carbon interactive operation method is of great significance for reducing system carbon emissions and improving energy efficiency.

[0004] Currently, research on low-carbon interactive operation and trading methods for power systems is deepening. The literature "A Low-Carbon Optimization Dispatch Method for Microgrids Based on Load-Side Flexibility Resources" establishes a microgrid optimization dispatch model with the overall cost and low-carbon benefits of microgrid optimization operation as the optimization objectives, thus improving the low-carbon benefits of microgrids (Shu Kai, Yao Yan, Zhou Xuntian, et al. A Low-Carbon Optimization Dispatch Method for Microgrids Based on Load-Side Flexibility Resources [P]. Zhejiang Province: CN114977180A, 2022-08-30.); the literature "A Low-Carbon Optimization Dispatch Method for Microgrids Based on Carbon Trading and Green... The paper "Optimization Operation Method of Industrial Park Microgrid Based on Carbon Trading and Green Electricity Ratio" designs a quota mechanism and pricing mechanism for carbon trading in industrial park microgrids, effectively incentivizing them to adopt more carbon emission reduction measures (Luo Xiao, Li Zhenkun, Wang Wei, et al. An Optimization Operation Method of Industrial Park Microgrid Based on Carbon Trading and Green Electricity Ratio [P]. Shanghai: CN116227666A, 2023-06-06.). The paper "An Optimization Operation Method, Device, Equipment and Medium for Industrial Park Microgrids" uses carbon emissions and operating costs as optimization objectives to obtain an optimized operation strategy for industrial park microgrids, effectively... Reducing carbon emissions and accessing ancillary service market benefits (Xu Jian, Wang Zeli, Wei Guangtao, et al. A method, device, equipment and medium for optimizing the operation of a microgrid in a park [P]. Beijing: CN116345549A, 2023-06-27.); The literature "Regional Flexible Load Low-Carbon Dispatch Method Based on Cloud Model" constructs a microgrid optimization model based on energy storage device model, user compensation cost, electricity price during peak-flat-valley periods, and carbon emissions, thereby reducing system carbon emissions and peak-valley difference (Zhu Yongsheng, Wang Haoyang, Dong Yan, et al. Regional Flexible Load Low-Carbon Dispatch Method Based on Cloud Model). Flexible load low-carbon dispatching method [P]. Henan Province: CN115912342A, 2023-04-04.); The literature "A robust dispatching method and system for active distribution network based on carbon emission flow" improves the robustness of the operating system through the optimization of carbon emission flow and the robust optimization operation of the distribution network, thereby achieving carbon reduction and improving energy utilization efficiency (Xu Feifei, Ye Shangxing, Qiu Yi, et al. A robust dispatching method and system for active distribution network based on carbon emission flow [P]. Zhejiang Province: CN116565831A, 2023-08-08.).

[0005] However, existing research has the following shortcomings: First, it lacks a clear accounting of users' carbon emissions from electricity consumption, making it difficult to implement users' carbon emission responsibilities; second, it lacks a comprehensive consideration of the different concerns of both the power distribution system and users during the interaction process, making it difficult to effectively optimize the operation of low-carbon interaction; third, it lacks an effective low-carbon interaction incentive mechanism and trading method, making it impossible to fairly and reasonably incentivize users to participate in low-carbon interaction in a continuous manner, and making it difficult to promote the implementation and sustainable development of low-carbon interaction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, leverage the carbon reduction potential of flexible loads, and reduce carbon emissions from power distribution systems, this invention provides a method and optimized operation system for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution. By clarifying users' carbon emission responsibilities, comprehensively considering the concerns of both grid users and users, implementing a low-carbon interactive operation plan, and reasonably rewarding participants, this invention achieves low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system, providing a new technological application solution for the low-carbon transformation of power distribution systems.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.

[0008] A method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Obtain operational information of the new energy power distribution system;

[0010] S2. Establish a carbon emission accounting model for power distribution systems based on carbon flow theory, perform carbon emission accounting for user electricity consumption and carbon emission accounting for distribution network losses in power distribution systems, and clarify the responsibility of users for carbon emission of electricity consumption.

[0011] S3. Considering users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption, and combining the different concerns of both the grid and users in the interaction process, establish a low-carbon interactive operation model for the power distribution system;

[0012] S4. Solve the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system and output the low-carbon interactive operation scheme;

[0013] S5. Implement a low-carbon interactive operation plan to guide users to fully utilize adjustable and flexible load resources to achieve the goal of low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system;

[0014] S6. Implement users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption, charge electricity users carbon emission costs based on their electricity carbon emissions, and use a portion of the funds as rewards for users who participate in low-carbon interactive activities;

[0015] S7. Establish a low-carbon interaction reward distribution model to reward users who participate in low-carbon interactions based on their low-carbon contributions, thereby achieving low-carbon interactive operation of the new energy power distribution system.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S1, the obtained operating information of the new energy power distribution system includes: the network topology diagram and line parameters of the new energy power distribution system, the local day-ahead power forecast curve and time-of-use electricity price, the basic information of users participating in low-carbon interaction tomorrow, and the flexible load type, adjustable capacity and adjustable time period of these users.

[0017] The basic user information includes the electricity user name, electricity user code, electricity user credit code, electricity user settlement account number, and electricity user industry classification information.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, the carbon emission accounting for user electricity consumption in the power distribution system is as follows:

[0019] Branch carbon flow rate can be considered as the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid by the power distribution system to maintain active power flow per unit time and carbon emissions generated at the local power plant, which can be expressed as:

[0020]

[0021] Where R is the carbon flow rate, in kgCO2 / h; F is the cumulative carbon emissions corresponding to the carbon flow that travels through a branch with the current within a given time; and t is the time required for the carbon flow to pass through a branch.

[0022] Carbon emission intensity ρ is the carbon flow rate passing through a branch per unit time with a unit active power flow, i.e., the ratio of carbon flow to unit active power flow. Carbon emission intensity can be used to characterize the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid and generated at the local power plant for each unit of electricity consumed in the distribution system at a node, and can be expressed as:

[0023]

[0024] Where W and P are active electrical energy and active power, respectively, and the unit of carbon emission intensity ρ is kgCO2 / MWh;

[0025] In the power distribution system, the carbon emission intensity of the tie line input power is approximated by the local average carbon emission intensity, or the carbon emission accounting method proposed in this step is used for the upstream power grid, treating the tie line input power as the load of the upstream power grid, and the time-varying carbon emission intensity at that point is the carbon emission intensity of the tie line input power; the carbon emission intensity of the local generator sets is determined by the carbon emission characteristics of the generator sets during normal operation, and is a known given quantity; while the carbon emission intensity of each node in the power distribution system can be calculated by the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, e Ni Let I represent the carbon emission intensity of node i. If node i is a load node, then I represents the carbon emission intensity of electricity consumption by the users at that node. + p represents the set of branches into which active power flows into node i. Bs p is the active power of branch s; Gi e Gi These represent the unit's power generation and carbon emission intensity at node i, respectively; ρ s Let be the carbon flow density of branch s. Based on the nature of the carbon emission flow, it can be replaced by the carbon emission intensity of the branch's starting node.

[0028] By performing power flow calculations on the power distribution system and using the method of power coupling virtual carbon flow, the intensity and rate of electricity carbon emissions can be determined, thereby obtaining the user's electricity carbon emissions and clarifying the user's responsibility for electricity carbon emissions.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S2, the carbon emission accounting for distribution network losses in the power distribution system is as follows:

[0030] The virtual carbon emissions associated with network losses in the distribution network are called network loss carbon emissions. The network loss carbon flow rate of the power distribution system in each time period is calculated using the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, R in Inject carbon flow rate into the power distribution system; R out The carbon outflow rate of the power distribution system; R Gk For the carbon flow rate of the h-th generator unit connected to the power distribution system, the carbon flow rate in the upstream power grid tie line power is equivalent to the carbon flow rate of a single generator unit; R Lm The carbon flow rate of the load node numbered m is in kgCO2 / h; H is the number of all nodes in the power distribution system that include generator sets, including generators equivalent to tie lines; M is the number of all load nodes in the system.

[0033] Grid loss carbon emissions can measure the low-carbon operation of a power distribution system. The total daily grid loss carbon emissions E of a power distribution system are... loss for:

[0034]

[0035] Where Δt is the unit calculation step size, and the unit is h.

[0036] Furthermore, in step S3, the objective function of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Wherein, F1, F2, and F3 represent the three objectives to be optimized, respectively;

[0039] To engage users in low-carbon initiatives, their interests must be fully considered. Therefore, the algebraic sum of electricity costs, user satisfaction losses, and user electricity utility is taken as objective one. Objective one can be understood as the comprehensive benefit of user electricity consumption, where user electricity utility f PU It can be represented as:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, fUC The subscript UC indicates power utility (PU), α k β k P represents the electricity efficiency coefficient for the k-th user, which is related to factors such as industry type; k,t Let K be the electricity load of the k-th user in the t-th time period, where K is the total number of users in the power distribution system, and T is the number of time periods in a 24-hour day.

[0042] Loss in user electricity satisfaction can, to some extent, reflect the cost of users participating in low-carbon initiatives, specifically as follows:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, f US The term "loss of user satisfaction with electricity consumption" is represented by the subscript "US," which stands for User Satisfaction (US) and indirectly reflects users' willingness to participate in low-carbon initiatives. t before P t after , which represent the electricity load in the t-th time period before and after the low-carbon interaction, respectively; the superscripts before and after indicate before and after the interaction, respectively; γ is the loss coefficient of user electricity satisfaction;

[0045] The user's electricity cost can be specifically expressed as:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, f EC The subscript EC represents the electricity cost for users; P t Let D be the load for the t-th time period; t Let be the electricity price for the t-th time period;

[0048] User electricity consumption carbon emissions are an indicator for measuring the low-carbon nature of user electricity consumption. Taking it as objective two, it can be expressed as:

[0049]

[0050] Among them, f CE The carbon emissions from electricity consumption are indicated by the subscript CE, which stands for carbon emission. m,t Let M be the carbon flow rate of the m-th load node in the t-th time period; M is the total number of load nodes in the power distribution system.

[0051] The main concerns of the distribution network are feeder overload and node voltage exceeding limits. Peak shaving and valley filling of the electricity load curve can alleviate these problems. Therefore, the daily peak-valley difference in electricity consumption is considered a key focus of the distribution network in the low-carbon interaction process, which can be expressed as:

[0052] f D =max(P t after )-min(P t after (34)

[0053] Furthermore, in step S3, the constraints of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system are as follows:

[0054] The adjustable capacity constraint for user participation in low-carbon interactions can be expressed as:

[0055] ΔP min,t <P t after -P t before <ΔP max,t (35)

[0056] Where, ΔP min,t ΔP max,t These represent the downward (negative) and upward (positive) limits of the adjustable load of each node user in the t-th time period;

[0057] The maximum change in daily load before and after user participation in low-carbon initiatives is subject to the following constraints:

[0058]

[0059] Wherein, ΔW L The maximum change in a user's daily electricity consumption before and after participating in low-carbon initiatives;

[0060] The low-carbon interactive operation of new energy power distribution systems should also meet constraints that reflect the safety of system operation, including:

[0061] 1) Branch current constraint:

[0062] |I s,t |≤I s,max (37)

[0063] Among them, |I s,t | represents the current value of branch s in the t-th time period; I s,max The maximum current limit for branch s;

[0064] 2) Node voltage constraints:

[0065] V i,min ≤Vi,t ≤V i,max (38)

[0066] Among them, V i,t V represents the voltage value of node i in the t-th time period. i,min V i,max These are the lower and upper limits of the voltage at node i, respectively.

[0067] 3) Line transmission power constraints:

[0068]

[0069] in, Let TL be the transmission power of branch s in the t-th time period, and the superscript TL denotes the transmission line (TransmissionLine, TL); These are the minimum and maximum transmission power of branch s, respectively;

[0070] 4) Current constraints:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, Q i,t Let θ be the reactive power flowing out of node i in the t-th time period; ij,t =θ i,t -θ j,t Let θ be the voltage phase angle difference between node i and node j in the t-th time period, where θ i,t and θ j,t G represents the voltage phase angles of nodes i and j in the t-th time period; ij and B ij Let i and j be the real and imaginary parts of the element in the i-th row and j-th column of the admittance matrix of the distribution network nodes, respectively; i ∈ N, where N is the set of all nodes in the distribution network.

[0073] 5) Power factor constraint:

[0074]

[0075] Where, λ min The lower limit of the power factor for each node in the power distribution system is usually taken as 0.85.

[0076] Furthermore, in step S4, the specific steps for solving the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system are as follows:

[0077] The Pareto solution set of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system is obtained by using the NSGA-II optimization algorithm. The operation and management personnel of the power distribution system can assign different weights to the three objectives of the low-carbon economic operation model of the power distribution system according to the required degree of low-carbon economic operation of the system. Each solution in the Pareto solution set is scored, and the solution with the highest score is taken as the low-carbon interactive operation scheme of the power distribution system and output.

[0078] The process of the NSGA-II optimization algorithm is as follows:

[0079] (1) Set parameters: crossover operator, mutation operator, population size, number of generations;

[0080] (2) Randomly generate a population of N individuals, each individual being the electricity load of each node for each hour of the day;

[0081] (3) Perform tidal flow calculation and carbon emission accounting on individuals in the population to obtain the objective function value;

[0082] (4) Perform non-dominated sorting of the population;

[0083] (5) Selecting parent individuals from the population through competition;

[0084] (6) Apply crossover and mutation operators to the parent individuals to obtain the offspring individuals;

[0085] (7) Combine parent individuals with offspring individuals, perform non-dominated sorting, and obtain a new population of a set number;

[0086] (8) Determine whether the current generation has reached the maximum generation. If yes, end the process and output the Pareto solution set. If no, return to step (5) and increment the generation by 1.

[0087] Furthermore, in step S6, the carbon emission cost charged to electricity users based on their electricity consumption carbon emissions is calculated using the following formula:

[0088]

[0089] Wherein, λ is the carbon emission cost rate, in units of ¥ / kgCO2. The rate can be set according to carbon market conditions and government regulations to ensure that the cost can accurately reflect the negative externalities indirectly caused by users' electricity consumption.

[0090] The carbon emission cost rate is multiplied by the user's daily electricity consumption carbon emissions to obtain the carbon emission cost that the user needs to pay; the carbon emission cost is collected from the user through the electricity trading institution, and the accuracy and traceability of the fee are ensured.

[0091] Further, in step S7, the low-carbon interactive reward allocation model can be described as follows:

[0092] Users who participate in low-carbon activities will be rewarded based on their low-carbon contributions. The reward distribution method for each user is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, B k The reward for the kth user participating in low-carbon activities; ΔP k,t Let C be the flexible load response of the k-th user participating in low-carbon interaction in the t-th time period, adjusted upwards to be positive and downwards to be negative; C is the total reward amount; d is the interaction coefficient.

[0095] The interaction coefficient is adjusted based on the difference between the actual response volume of users in low-carbon interactions and the interaction task volume determined by the low-carbon operation plan, which can be specifically expressed as:

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] in, Let IT represent the amount of interactive tasks determined by the low-carbon operation scheme of the power distribution system for the k-th user in the t-th time period. The superscript IT indicates interactive tasks.

[0099] To ensure users fulfill their carbon emission responsibility for electricity consumption, a carbon emission cost will be charged to electricity users based on their daily electricity consumption carbon emissions. A portion of this cost will be used as a reward for users participating in low-carbon initiatives. The total reward amount can be expressed as follows:

[0100]

[0101] μ represents the reward commission rate, and the remaining funds can be used to fund low-carbon investments and encourage users to use renewable energy.

[0102] By distributing rewards to users who participate in low-carbon initiatives through power trading institutions, the accuracy and timely receipt of rewards are ensured, thereby incentivizing users to actively participate in low-carbon initiatives and making their electricity consumption behavior more low-carbon and environmentally friendly.

[0103] A new energy power distribution and utilization optimization operation system includes:

[0104] The information acquisition module is used to acquire the operating information of the power distribution system;

[0105] The carbon emission accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from user electricity consumption and the carbon emissions from distribution network losses in the power distribution system.

[0106] The target setting module is used to set the goals pursued by both the grid and users in the low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system;

[0107] The strategy generation module is used to solve the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system and generate a low-carbon interactive operation scheme for the power distribution system.

[0108] The implementation module is used to execute the low-carbon operation plan of the power distribution system and present the operation status of the power distribution system after the implementation of the plan in a visual way.

[0109] The fee collection module is used to implement users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption and to charge users carbon emission costs based on their carbon emissions from electricity consumption.

[0110] The reward allocation module is used to allocate a portion of the collected funds as rewards and to reward users who participate in low-carbon interactions in the power distribution system based on their low-carbon contributions, thereby incentivizing users to participate in low-carbon interactions.

[0111] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0112] (1) The present invention proposes a method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution, which gives full play to the carbon emission reduction potential of users’ flexible and adjustable loads, can accurately calculate users’ carbon emissions from electricity consumption, and comprehensively considers the concerns of both grid users and users in the process of low-carbon interaction, so that the power distribution system can operate in a low-carbon and efficient manner.

[0113] (2) The new energy power distribution and consumption low-carbon interaction and trading method disclosed in this invention fully considers users’ pursuit of comprehensive power consumption benefits and designs a scientific and fair low-carbon interaction incentive mechanism and trading method, which can continuously incentivize users to participate in low-carbon interaction and promote the implementation and sustainable development of low-carbon interaction.

[0114] (3) The new energy power distribution optimization operation system disclosed in this invention can ensure the accuracy and traceability of fee collection after the operation plan is implemented, as well as the accuracy and timeliness of reward distribution. It provides effective support for the systematic realization of low-carbon economic operation and sustainable development of power distribution system in terms of incentive mechanism and transaction method. Attached Figure Description

[0115] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a low-carbon interaction and trading method for new energy power distribution and consumption in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0116] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the new energy power distribution and utilization optimization operation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0117] Figure 3 This is a network topology diagram of the new energy power distribution system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0118] Figure 4 This is the day-ahead power prediction curve of the low-carbon interactive front-end power distribution system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0119] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the daily load curves of the power distribution system before and after low-carbon interaction in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0120] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

[0121] Example:

[0122] A method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution and consumption, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0123] S1. Obtain operational information of the new energy power distribution system;

[0124] The acquired operational information of the new energy power distribution system includes: the network topology diagram and line parameters of the new energy power distribution system, the local day-ahead power forecast curve and time-of-use electricity price, the basic information of users participating in low-carbon interaction tomorrow, and the flexible load types, adjustable capacity and adjustable time periods owned by these users;

[0125] The basic user information includes the electricity user name, electricity user code, electricity user credit code, electricity user settlement account number, and electricity user industry classification information.

[0126] S2. Establish a carbon emission accounting model for power distribution systems based on carbon flow theory, perform carbon emission accounting for user electricity consumption and carbon emission accounting for distribution network losses in power distribution systems, and clarify the responsibility of users for carbon emission of electricity consumption.

[0127] The carbon emission accounting for user electricity consumption in the power distribution system is as follows:

[0128] Branch carbon flow rate can be considered as the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid by the power distribution system to maintain active power flow per unit time and carbon emissions generated at the local power plant, which can be expressed as:

[0129]

[0130] Where R is the carbon flow rate, in kgCO2 / h; F is the cumulative carbon emissions corresponding to the carbon flow that travels through a branch with the current within a given time; and t is the time required for the carbon flow to pass through a branch.

[0131] Carbon emission intensity ρ is the carbon flow rate passing through a branch per unit time with a unit active power flow, i.e., the ratio of carbon flow to unit active power flow. Carbon emission intensity can be used to characterize the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid and generated at the local power plant for each unit of electricity consumed in the distribution system at a node, and can be expressed as:

[0132]

[0133] Where W and P are active electrical energy and active power, respectively, and the unit of carbon emission intensity ρ is kgCO2 / MWh;

[0134] In the power distribution system, the carbon emission intensity of the tie line input power is approximated by the local average carbon emission intensity, or the carbon emission accounting method proposed in this step is used for the upstream power grid, treating the tie line input power as the load of the upstream power grid, and the time-varying carbon emission intensity at that point is the carbon emission intensity of the tie line input power; the carbon emission intensity of the local generator sets is determined by the carbon emission characteristics of the generator sets during normal operation, and is a known given quantity; while the carbon emission intensity of each node in the power distribution system can be calculated by the following formula:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, e Ni Let I represent the carbon emission intensity of node i. If node i is a load node, then I represents the carbon emission intensity of electricity consumption by the users at that node. + p represents the set of branches into which active power flows into node i. Bs p is the active power of branch s; Gi e Gi These represent the unit's power generation and carbon emission intensity at node i, respectively; ρ s Let be the carbon flow density of branch s. Based on the nature of the carbon emission flow, it can be replaced by the carbon emission intensity of the branch's starting node.

[0137] By performing power flow calculations on the power distribution system and using the method of power coupling virtual carbon flow, the intensity and rate of electricity carbon emissions can be determined, thereby obtaining the user's electricity carbon emissions and clarifying the user's responsibility for electricity carbon emissions.

[0138] The carbon emission accounting for distribution network losses in the power distribution system is as follows:

[0139] The virtual carbon emissions associated with network losses in the distribution network are called network loss carbon emissions. The network loss carbon flow rate of the power distribution system in each time period is calculated using the following formula:

[0140]

[0141] Among them, R in Inject carbon flow rate into the power distribution system; R outThe carbon outflow rate of the power distribution system; R Gk For the carbon flow rate of the h-th generator unit connected to the power distribution system, the carbon flow rate in the upstream power grid tie line power is equivalent to the carbon flow rate of a single generator unit; R Lm The carbon flow rate of the load node numbered m is in kgCO2 / h; H is the number of all nodes in the power distribution system that include generator sets, including generators equivalent to tie lines; M is the number of all load nodes in the system.

[0142] Grid loss carbon emissions can measure the low-carbon operation of a power distribution system. The total daily grid loss carbon emissions E of a power distribution system are... loss for:

[0143]

[0144] Where Δt is the unit calculation step size, and the unit is h.

[0145] S3. Considering users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption, and combining the different concerns of both the grid and users in the interaction process, establish a low-carbon interactive operation model for the power distribution system;

[0146] The objective function of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system is as follows:

[0147]

[0148] Wherein, F1, F2, and F3 represent the three objectives to be optimized, respectively;

[0149] To engage users in low-carbon initiatives, their interests must be fully considered. Therefore, the algebraic sum of electricity costs, user satisfaction losses, and user electricity utility is taken as objective one. Objective one can be understood as the comprehensive benefit of user electricity consumption, where user electricity utility f PU It can be represented as:

[0150]

[0151] Among them, f UC The subscript UC indicates power utility (PU), α k β k P represents the electricity efficiency coefficient for the k-th user, which is related to factors such as industry type; k,t Let K be the electricity load of the k-th user in the t-th time period, where K is the total number of users in the power distribution system, and T is the number of time periods in a 24-hour day.

[0152] Loss in user electricity satisfaction can, to some extent, reflect the cost of users participating in low-carbon initiatives, specifically as follows:

[0153]

[0154] Among them, f US The term "loss of user satisfaction with electricity consumption" is represented by the subscript "US," which stands for User Satisfaction (US) and indirectly reflects users' willingness to participate in low-carbon initiatives. t before P t after , which represent the electricity load in the t-th time period before and after the low-carbon interaction, respectively; the superscripts before and after indicate before and after the interaction, respectively; γ is the loss coefficient of user electricity satisfaction;

[0155] The user's electricity cost can be specifically expressed as:

[0156]

[0157] Among them, f EC The subscript EC represents the electricity cost for users; P t Let D be the load for the t-th time period; t Let be the electricity price for the t-th time period;

[0158] User electricity consumption carbon emissions are an indicator for measuring the low-carbon nature of user electricity consumption. Taking it as objective two, it can be expressed as:

[0159]

[0160] Among them, f CE The carbon emissions from electricity consumption are indicated by the subscript CE, which stands for carbon emission. m,t Let M be the carbon flow rate of the m-th load node in the t-th time period; M is the total number of load nodes in the power distribution system.

[0161] The main concerns of the distribution network are feeder overload and node voltage exceeding limits. Peak shaving and valley filling of the electricity load curve can alleviate these problems. Therefore, the daily peak-valley difference in electricity consumption is considered a key focus of the distribution network in the low-carbon interaction process, which can be expressed as:

[0162] f D =max(P t after )-min(P t after (57)

[0163] The constraints of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system are as follows:

[0164] The adjustable capacity constraint for user participation in low-carbon interactions can be expressed as:

[0165] ΔP min,t <P t after -P t before <ΔP max,t (58)

[0166] Where, ΔP min,t ΔP max,t These represent the downward (negative) and upward (positive) limits of the adjustable load of each node user in the t-th time period;

[0167] The maximum change in daily load before and after user participation in low-carbon initiatives is subject to the following constraints:

[0168]

[0169] Wherein, ΔW L The maximum change in a user's daily electricity consumption before and after participating in low-carbon initiatives;

[0170] The low-carbon interactive operation of new energy power distribution systems should also meet constraints that reflect the safety of system operation, including:

[0171] 1) Branch current constraint:

[0172] |I s,t |≤I s,max (60)

[0173] Among them, |I s,t | represents the current value of branch s in the t-th time period; I s,max The maximum current limit for branch s;

[0174] 2) Node voltage constraints:

[0175] V i,min ≤V i,t ≤V i,max (61)

[0176] Among them, V i,t V represents the voltage value of node i in the t-th time period. i,min V i,max These are the lower and upper limits of the voltage at node i, respectively.

[0177] 3) Line transmission power constraints:

[0178]

[0179] in, Let TL be the transmission power of branch s in the t-th time period, and the superscript TL denotes the transmission line (TransmissionLine, TL); These are the minimum and maximum transmission power of branch s, respectively;

[0180] 4) Current constraints:

[0181]

[0182] Among them, Q i,t Let θ be the reactive power flowing out of node i in the t-th time period; ij,t =θ i,t -θ j,t Let θ be the voltage phase angle difference between node i and node j in the t-th time period, where θ i,t and θ j,t G represents the voltage phase angles of nodes i and j in the t-th time period, respectively; ij and B ij Let i and j be the real and imaginary parts of the element in the i-th row and j-th column of the admittance matrix of the distribution network nodes, respectively; i ∈ N, where N is the set of all nodes in the distribution network.

[0183] 5) Power factor constraint:

[0184]

[0185] Where, λ min The lower limit of the power factor for each node in the power distribution system is usually taken as 0.85;

[0186] S4. Solve the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system and output the low-carbon interactive operation scheme. The specific steps for solving the model are as follows:

[0187] The Pareto solution set of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system is obtained by using the NSGA-II optimization algorithm. The operation and management personnel of the power distribution system can assign different weights to the three objectives of the low-carbon economic operation model of the power distribution system according to the required degree of low-carbon economic operation of the system. Each solution in the Pareto solution set is scored, and the solution with the highest score is taken as the low-carbon interactive operation scheme of the power distribution system and output.

[0188] The process of the NSGA-II optimization algorithm is as follows:

[0189] (1) Set parameters: crossover operator, mutation operator, population size, number of generations;

[0190] (2) Randomly generate a population of N individuals, each individual being the electricity load of each node for each hour of the day;

[0191] (3) Perform tidal flow calculation and carbon emission accounting on individuals in the population to obtain the objective function value;

[0192] (4) Perform non-dominated sorting of the population;

[0193] (5) Selecting parent individuals from the population through competition;

[0194] (6) Apply crossover and mutation operators to the parent individuals to obtain the offspring individuals;

[0195] (7) Combine parent individuals with offspring individuals, perform non-dominated sorting, and obtain a new population of a set number;

[0196] (8) Determine whether the current generation has reached the maximum generation. If yes, end the process and output the Pareto solution set. If no, return to step (5) and increment the generation by 1.

[0197] S5. Implement a low-carbon interactive operation plan to guide users to fully utilize adjustable and flexible load resources to achieve the goal of low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system;

[0198] S6. Implement users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption, charge electricity users carbon emission costs based on their electricity carbon emissions, and use a portion of the funds as rewards for users who participate in low-carbon interactive activities;

[0199] The carbon emission cost charged to electricity users based on their electricity consumption carbon emissions is calculated using the following formula:

[0200]

[0201] Wherein, λ is the carbon emission cost rate, in units of ¥ / kgCO2. The rate can be set according to carbon market conditions and government regulations to ensure that the cost can accurately reflect the negative externalities indirectly caused by users' electricity consumption.

[0202] The carbon emission cost rate is multiplied by the user's daily electricity consumption carbon emissions to obtain the carbon emission cost that the user needs to pay; the carbon emission cost is collected from the user through the electricity trading institution, and the accuracy and traceability of the fee are ensured.

[0203] S7. Establish a low-carbon interaction reward distribution model to reward users who participate in low-carbon interactions based on their low-carbon contributions, thereby achieving low-carbon interactive operation of the new energy power distribution system.

[0204] The low-carbon interactive reward distribution model can be described as follows:

[0205] Users who participate in low-carbon activities will be rewarded based on their low-carbon contributions. The reward distribution method for each user is as follows:

[0206]

[0207] Among them, B k The reward for the kth user participating in low-carbon activities; ΔP k,tLet C be the flexible load response of the k-th user participating in low-carbon interaction in the t-th time period, adjusted upwards to be positive and downwards to be negative; C is the total reward amount; d is the interaction coefficient.

[0208] The interaction coefficient is adjusted based on the difference between the actual response volume of users in low-carbon interactions and the interaction task volume determined by the low-carbon operation plan, which can be specifically expressed as:

[0209]

[0210]

[0211] in, Let IT represent the amount of interactive tasks determined by the low-carbon operation scheme of the power distribution system for the k-th user in the t-th time period. The superscript IT indicates interactive tasks.

[0212] To ensure users fulfill their carbon emission responsibility for electricity consumption, a carbon emission cost will be charged to electricity users based on their daily electricity consumption carbon emissions. A portion of this cost will be used as a reward for users participating in low-carbon initiatives. The total reward amount can be expressed as follows:

[0213]

[0214] μ represents the reward commission rate, and the remaining funds can be used to fund low-carbon investments and encourage users to use renewable energy.

[0215] By distributing rewards to users who participate in low-carbon initiatives through power trading institutions, the accuracy and timely receipt of rewards are ensured, thereby incentivizing users to actively participate in low-carbon initiatives and making their electricity consumption behavior more low-carbon and environmentally friendly.

[0216] A new energy power distribution and utilization optimization operation system, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0217] The information acquisition module is used to acquire the operating information of the power distribution system;

[0218] The carbon emission accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from user electricity consumption and the carbon emissions from network losses in the power distribution system.

[0219] The target setting module is used to set the goals pursued by both the grid and users in the low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system;

[0220] The strategy generation module is used to solve the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system and generate a low-carbon interactive operation scheme for the power distribution system.

[0221] The implementation module is used to execute the low-carbon operation plan of the power distribution system and present the operation status of the power distribution system after the implementation of the plan in a visual way.

[0222] The fee collection module is used to implement users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption and to charge users carbon emission costs based on their carbon emissions from electricity consumption.

[0223] The reward allocation module is used to allocate a portion of the collected funds as rewards and to reward users who participate in low-carbon interactions in the power distribution system based on their low-carbon contributions, thereby incentivizing users to participate in low-carbon interactions.

[0224] To achieve the functions of the new energy power distribution and utilization optimization operation system in this embodiment of the invention, the specific steps for assembling and using each module of the system are as follows:

[0225] 1) Assemble and use the information acquisition module to obtain the operating information of the new energy power distribution system:

[0226] In one embodiment, the network topology diagram of the selected power distribution system is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, node 1 is the balancing node, and the voltage is set to 1 (per unit). It is assumed that each load node has an adjustable load and a corresponding control system to support the low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system. The system's reactance and conductance parameters are known information. Before low-carbon interaction, the day-ahead power prediction curve of the selected power distribution system in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in Table 1, the local peak-valley time-of-use electricity prices are as follows.

[0227] Table 1 Local Peak-Valley Time-of-Use Electricity Prices

[0228]

[0229] 2) Assemble and use the carbon emission accounting module to calculate the carbon emissions from user electricity consumption and the carbon emissions from distribution network losses in the power distribution system:

[0230] In one embodiment, the carbon emission intensity of the tie-line input power is approximated by the local average carbon emission intensity, i.e., 638 kg CO2 / MWh. PV1 is a photovoltaic generator set, the connection point is node 7, and the carbon emission intensity of the power generation during operation is 0.

[0231] 3) Assemble and use the target setting module to set the goals pursued by both the grid and users during the low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system:

[0232] In one embodiment, for ease of calculation, the electricity efficiency coefficients α and β of all node users are set to -0.008 and 5, respectively, and the electricity satisfaction loss coefficient of users is set to 0.01. It is assumed that the increase or decrease of the electricity load of each user in each time period cannot exceed 20%, and the maximum allowable change in daily electricity consumption is set to 5% of the daily electricity consumption before the interaction. In addition, the electricity load of each node is regarded as a user combination unit.

[0233] 4) Assemble and use the strategy generation module to solve the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system and generate a low-carbon interactive operation scheme for the power distribution system:

[0234] In one embodiment, when using the NSGA-II algorithm to solve the problem, the population size is 250, the number of iterations is 250, the number of objectives is 3, and the crossover and mutation distribution indices are both 20. When using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to make decisions, the weights of objective 1, objective 2, and objective 3 are 0.5, 0.25, and 0.25, respectively.

[0235] 5) Assemble and use the solution implementation module to execute the low-carbon operation plan for the power distribution system, guide users to fully mobilize adjustable flexible load resources to achieve the goal of low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system, and present the operation status of the power distribution system after the implementation of the plan in a visual way:

[0236] After implementing the low-carbon interactive operation plan, a comparison chart of the daily load curves of the power distribution system before and after the low-carbon interaction can be obtained, such as... Figure 5 As shown in the figure, after the low-carbon interaction, the demand for peak shaving and valley filling in the distribution network has been significantly responded to. The peak-valley difference has decreased from 3.2571MW to 2.8297MW, a decrease of 13.13% of the original value, with a particularly significant decrease in peak load.

[0237] Table 2 shows the operating results of the power distribution system under two different operating schemes.

[0238] Table 2 Comparison of the operating results of the power distribution system under different operating schemes within the day.

[0239]

[0240] As can be seen from Table 2, after implementing the scheme of the present invention, the total carbon emissions of the power distribution system decreased by 2.16%, the carbon emissions on the user side decreased by 1.84%, and the carbon emissions from network loss decreased particularly significantly, decreasing by 11.01%. This fully demonstrates the low-carbon operation of the power distribution system under the scheme of the present invention.

[0241] 6) Assemble and use the fee collection module to implement users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption. Charge electricity users a certain carbon emission cost based on their carbon emissions from electricity consumption, and use a portion of the funds as rewards for users participating in low-carbon interactive activities.

[0242] In this embodiment, it is known that the closing price of carbon emission rights in Guangdong Province as of December 13, 2021 was approximately RMB 50 / tCO2. Based on the carbon market conditions, the carbon emission cost rate can be set at RMB 0.05 / kgCO2.

[0243] 7) Assemble and use the reward allocation module to reward users who participate in low-carbon interactions within the power distribution system based on their low-carbon contributions:

[0244] In one embodiment, it is assumed that the coefficient for user participation in low-carbon interactions is 1, and the reward commission rate μ is 0.8.

[0245] After implementing the present invention, on the one hand, the cost of purchasing electricity from the upper-level power grid for the power distribution system decreased by 2.16%, the electricity cost loss caused by network loss decreased by 18.41%, and the electricity cost on the user side decreased by 2.63% due to the reduced electricity consumption on the user side during peak load, and the carbon emission cost of electricity on the user side decreased by 1.84%. On the other hand, the utility of electricity consumption on the user side decreased by 0.41%, and the overall revenue on the user side decreased by 0.26%.

[0246] In general, after implementing the solution of this invention, the power distribution system can achieve its low-carbon interactive operation at a relatively low economic cost. The solution of this invention leverages the carbon emission reduction potential of flexible loads, promotes low-carbon interaction between the power distribution network and users, reduces the carbon emissions of the power distribution system, and implements users' carbon emission responsibilities for electricity consumption, thereby realizing the low-carbon development of the power distribution system.

[0247] The above embodiments verify that the proposed method and optimized operation system for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution and consumption have certain feasibility and effectiveness.

[0248] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution and consumption, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain operational information of the new energy power distribution system; S2. Establish a carbon emission accounting model for power distribution systems based on carbon flow theory, perform carbon emission accounting for user electricity consumption and carbon emission accounting for distribution network losses in power distribution systems, and clarify the responsibility of users for carbon emission of electricity consumption. The user electricity consumption carbon emission accounting includes: branch carbon flow rate is considered as the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid and generated at the local power plant per unit time to maintain active power flow in the distribution system; carbon emission intensity is the carbon flow rate passing through the branch per unit time with a unit active power flow, i.e., the ratio of carbon flow to unit active power flow, and carbon emission intensity is used to characterize the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid and generated at the local power plant per unit of electricity consumed at the node; in the distribution system, the carbon emission intensity of tie-line input power is taken as the local average carbon emission rate. The carbon emission intensity can be approximated, or the carbon emission accounting method proposed in this step can be used for the upper-level power grid. The input power of the tie line can be taken as the load of the upper-level power grid, and the time-varying carbon emission intensity at that point can be calculated as the carbon emission intensity of the tie line input power. The carbon emission intensity of the local generator set is determined by the carbon emission characteristics of the generator set during normal operation, which is a known given quantity. By performing power flow calculation on the power distribution system and using the method of power coupling virtual carbon flow, the carbon emission intensity and carbon flow rate of electricity consumption can be calculated, and then the user's carbon emission amount of electricity consumption can be obtained, thereby clarifying the user's responsibility for carbon emission of electricity consumption. The calculation of carbon emissions from power distribution network losses includes: the virtual carbon emissions associated with power distribution network losses, which are the carbon emissions from power distribution network losses. Carbon emissions from power distribution network losses measure the degree of low carbon emissions in the operation of the power distribution system. S3. Considering users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption, and combining the different concerns of both the grid and users in the interaction process, establish a low-carbon interactive operation model for the power distribution system; S4. Solve the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system and output the low-carbon interactive operation scheme; S5. Implement a low-carbon interactive operation plan to guide users to fully utilize adjustable and flexible load resources to achieve the goal of low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system; S6. Implement users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption, charge electricity users carbon emission costs based on their electricity carbon emissions, and use a portion of the funds as rewards for users who participate in low-carbon interactive activities; S7. Establish a low-carbon interaction reward distribution model to reward users who participate in low-carbon interactions based on their low-carbon contributions, thereby achieving low-carbon interactive operation of the new energy power distribution system.

2. The method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the obtained operating information of the new energy power distribution system includes: the network topology diagram and line parameters of the new energy power distribution system, the local day-ahead power forecast curve and time-of-use electricity price, the basic information of users participating in low-carbon interaction tomorrow, and the flexible load type, adjustable capacity and adjustable time period of these users. The basic user information includes the electricity user name, electricity user code, electricity user credit code, electricity user settlement account number, and electricity user industry classification information.

3. The method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the carbon emission accounting for user electricity consumption in the power distribution system is as follows: Branch carbon flow rate is considered as the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid and generated at local power plants by the power distribution system per unit time to maintain active power flow, and is expressed as: (1) in, R Carbon flow rate, in kgCO2 / h; F The cumulative carbon emissions corresponding to the carbon flow that travels through a branch of the tidal current over a given time period; t This is the time required for the carbon stream to travel through a certain branch. carbon emission intensity ρ Carbon emission intensity is the carbon flow rate passing through a branch per unit time with a unit active power flow, i.e., the ratio of carbon flow to unit active power flow; carbon emission intensity can be used to characterize the sum of carbon emissions introduced from the upper-level grid and generated at the local power plant for each unit of electricity consumed in the distribution system at a node, expressed as: (2) in, W and P These are active electrical energy and active power, respectively, and carbon emission intensity. ρ The unit is kgCO2 / MWh; The carbon emission intensity of each node in the power distribution system is calculated using the following formula: (3) in, For nodes i The carbon emission intensity, if the node is a load node, represents the carbon emission intensity of electricity consumption of the users at that node; Indicates the node with active power flow inflow. i The set of branch paths, branch road s The active power; , They are nodes i The generating capacity and carbon emission intensity of the units at the location; branch road s The carbon flow density, depending on the nature of the carbon emission flow, is replaced by the carbon emission intensity at the branch starting node.

4. The method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the carbon emission accounting for distribution network losses in the power distribution system is as follows: The virtual carbon emissions associated with network losses in the distribution network are called network loss carbon emissions. The network loss carbon flow rate of the power distribution system in each time period is calculated using the following formula: (4) in, Inject carbon flow rate into the power distribution system; The carbon flow rate out of the power distribution system; For the first connection to the power distribution system h The carbon flow rate of a generator set is here equivalent to the carbon flow rate of a single generator set in the power of the upper grid interconnection line. For the number m The load node carbon flow rate is expressed in kgCO2 / h. H This refers to the total number of nodes in the power distribution system that contain generator sets, including generators equivalent to tie lines; M This represents the total number of load nodes in the system. Grid loss carbon emissions measure the low-carbon operation of a power distribution system, specifically the total carbon emissions from grid loss within a day. for: (5) in, The step size is calculated in units of h.

5. A method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the objective function of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system is as follows: (6) in, , , These represent the three objectives to be optimized, in that order: Objective 1, Objective 2, and Objective 3. To engage users in low-carbon initiatives, their interests must be fully considered. Therefore, the algebraic sum of electricity costs, user satisfaction losses, and user electricity utility is taken as objective one, which is the comprehensive benefit of user electricity consumption. Among these objectives, user electricity utility... Represented as: (7) in, The subscript UC indicates power utility (PU). , For the first k The electricity efficiency coefficient of an individual user is related to factors such as the type of industry. For the first k The user in the first t Electricity load for each time period K The total number of users in the power distribution system; T To divide a 24-hour day into several time periods; Loss in user electricity satisfaction reflects the cost of users participating in low-carbon initiatives, specifically: (8) in, The loss of user satisfaction with electricity consumption is represented by the subscript US, which stands for User Satisfaction and indirectly reflects users' willingness to participate in low-carbon activities. , The first and second days before and after low-carbon interaction, respectively t The electricity load for each time period, with the superscripts before and after indicating before and after the interaction, respectively; The loss coefficient for user electricity satisfaction; The user's electricity cost is specifically expressed as follows: (9) in, The subscript EC represents the electricity cost for users. For the first t Load for each time period; For the first t Electricity prices for specific time periods; User electricity consumption carbon emissions are an indicator for measuring the low-carbon nature of user electricity consumption. As a second objective, it is expressed as: (10) in, The carbon emissions from electricity consumption are indicated by the subscript CE. For the first m The load node at the ... t Carbon flow rate over a given period; M This represents the total number of load nodes in the power distribution system. The distribution network is primarily concerned with feeder overload and node voltage exceeding limits. It performs "peak shaving and valley filling" on the electricity load curve, using the daily peak-to-valley difference as a key focus in the distribution network's low-carbon interaction process. This is represented as follows: (11)。 6. The method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the constraints of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system are as follows: The adjustable capacity constraint for user participation in low-carbon interactions is represented as: (12) in, , The first t The downward (negative) and upward (positive) limits of the adjustable load of users at each node in each time period; The maximum change in daily load before and after user participation in low-carbon initiatives is subject to the following constraints: (13) in, The maximum change in a user's daily electricity consumption before and after participating in low-carbon initiatives; The low-carbon interactive operation of new energy power distribution systems should also meet constraints that reflect the safety of system operation, including: 1) Branch current constraint: (14) in, For the first t Branch roads in each time period s The current value; branch road s Maximum current limit; 2) Node voltage constraints: (15) in, For nodes i In the t Voltage values ​​for each time period; , They are nodes i The upper limit of the voltage; 3) Line transmission power constraints: (16) in, branch road s In the t The transmission power for each time period, with the superscript TL indicating the transmission line (TL); , Branch roads s Minimum and maximum transmission power; 4) Current constraints: (17) in, For nodes i In the t Reactive power outflow during each time period; For nodes i With nodes j In the t The voltage phase angle difference over time periods, where and They are nodes i and nodes j In the t Voltage phase angle for each time period; and These are the admittance matrices of the distribution network nodes. i line, number j The real and imaginary parts of column elements; i ∈ N ,in N It is the set of all nodes in the distribution network; 5) Power factor constraint: (18) in, This refers to the lower limit of the power factor at each node of the power distribution system.

7. A method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution and consumption according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the specific steps for solving the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system are as follows: The Pareto solution set of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system is obtained by using the NSGA-II optimization algorithm. According to the required low-carbon economic operation level of the system, the operation and management personnel of the power distribution system assign different weights to the three objectives of the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system using the analytic hierarchy process. Each solution in the Pareto solution set is scored, and the solution with the highest score is taken as the low-carbon interactive operation scheme of the power distribution system and output. The process of the NSGA-II optimization algorithm is as follows: (1) Set parameters: crossover operator, mutation operator, population size, number of generations; (2) Random generation N The population of individuals, with each individual representing the hourly electricity load of each node throughout the day; (3) Perform tidal flow calculation and carbon emission accounting on individuals in the population to obtain the objective function value; (4) Perform non-dominated sorting of the population; (5) Selecting parent individuals from the population through competition; (6) Apply crossover and mutation operators to the parent individuals to obtain the offspring individuals; (7) Combine parent individuals with offspring individuals, perform non-dominated sorting, and obtain a new population of a set number; (8) Determine whether the current generation has reached the maximum generation. If yes, end the process and output the Pareto solution set. If no, return to step (5) and increment the generation by 1.

8. A method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the carbon emission cost is charged to the electricity user based on the user's electricity consumption carbon emissions. The calculation formula is as follows: (19) in, The carbon emission cost rate is expressed in ¥ / kgCO2. The rate is set based on carbon market conditions and government regulations to ensure that the cost accurately reflects the negative externalities indirectly caused by users' electricity consumption. The carbon emission cost rate is multiplied by the user's daily electricity consumption carbon emissions to obtain the carbon emission cost that the user needs to pay; the carbon emission cost is collected from the user through the electricity trading institution, and the accuracy and traceability of the fee are ensured.

9. A method for low-carbon interaction and trading of new energy power distribution and consumption according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the low-carbon interactive reward allocation model is described as follows: Users who participate in low-carbon activities will be rewarded based on their low-carbon contributions. The reward distribution method for each user is as follows: (20) in, For the first k Rewards received by users who participate in low-carbon activities; For the first k The number of users participating in low-carbon interactions in the first t The flexible load response for each time period is adjusted upwards to be positive and downwards to be negative. The total amount of rewards; d Interaction coefficient; The interaction coefficient is adjusted based on the difference between the actual response volume of users in low-carbon interactions and the interaction task volume determined by the low-carbon operation plan, specifically expressed as follows: (21) (22) in, For the first k The user in the first t The amount of interactive tasks in each time period is determined by the low-carbon operation plan of the power distribution system. The superscript IT indicates interactive tasks. To ensure users fulfill their carbon emission responsibility for electricity consumption, a carbon emission cost will be charged to electricity users based on their daily electricity consumption carbon emissions. A portion of this cost will be used as a reward for users participating in low-carbon interactive activities. The total reward amount is expressed as follows: (23) in, To reward the commission rate, the remaining funds will be used to fund low-carbon investments and encourage users to use renewable energy. By distributing rewards to users who participate in low-carbon initiatives through power trading institutions, the accuracy and timely receipt of rewards are ensured, thereby incentivizing users to actively participate in low-carbon initiatives and making their electricity consumption behavior more low-carbon and environmentally friendly.

10. A new energy power distribution optimization operation system based on the low-carbon interaction and trading method for new energy power distribution and utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The information acquisition module is used to acquire the operating information of the power distribution system; The carbon emission accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions from user electricity consumption and the carbon emissions from network losses in the power distribution system. The target setting module is used to set the goals pursued by both the grid and users in the low-carbon interactive operation of the power distribution system; The strategy generation module is used to solve the low-carbon interactive operation model of the power distribution system and generate a low-carbon interactive operation scheme for the power distribution system. The implementation module is used to execute the low-carbon operation plan of the power distribution system and present the operation status of the power distribution system after the implementation of the plan in a visual way. The fee collection module is used to implement users' responsibility for carbon emissions from electricity consumption and to charge users carbon emission costs based on their carbon emissions from electricity consumption. The reward allocation module is used to allocate a portion of the collected funds as rewards and to reward users who participate in low-carbon interactions in the power distribution system based on their low-carbon contributions, thereby incentivizing users to participate in low-carbon interactions.

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