Intelligent mining thick coal seam overlying aquifer protection method and electronic equipment

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for protecting overlying aquifer based on intelligent mining of thick coal seam and an electronic device, to realize accurate control of caving height and effectively protect the overlying aquifer of the coal seam. The method comprises: obtaining an upper limit of overlying fracture zone damage height of a region to be caved; determining an upper limit of caving height corresponding to the upper limit of overlying fracture zone damage height according to a proportional relationship between the overlying fracture zone damage height and the caving height; obtaining a reference caving time corresponding to the upper limit of caving height; and controlling a first total caving time to be less than or equal to the reference caving time during caving of the region to be caved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of coal mining technology, and more specifically, to a method and electronic equipment for protecting the overlying aquifer in thick coal seams based on intelligent mining. Background Technology

[0002] my country's eastern Inner Mongolia grasslands and northern Xinjiang grasslands are rich in coal and groundwater resources. The energy supply tasks of the country's large-scale coal-fired power bases are arduous. The mining-induced fractures formed by high-intensity coal mining are prone to connecting to the overlying aquifers. In particular, the coal release height of fully mechanized top coal caving mining under the aquifer is difficult to control, which can easily cause damage to the overlying groundwater system and lead to water inrush and sand collapse accidents.

[0003] In related technologies, traditional manual top coal caving or drainage mining is often used, which cannot achieve precise control of the coal caving height and effectively protect the aquifer overlying coal seam. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a method and electronic equipment for protecting the overlying aquifer in intelligent mining of thick coal seams, so as to achieve precise control of coal release height and effectively protect the overlying aquifer.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, this disclosure provides a method for protecting the overlying aquifer based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal-to-coal-release area;

[0007] Based on the direct proportional relationship between the overlying fracture zone failure height and the coal release height, the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone failure height is determined;

[0008] Obtain the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of the coal release height;

[0009] During the coal release process in the coal release area, the first total coal release time is controlled to be less than or equal to the reference coal release time.

[0010] Optionally, obtaining the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of the coal release height includes:

[0011] Obtain the second total coal release time of the coal release test area to obtain the reference coal release time, wherein the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the coal release test area is the same as the upper limit of the coal release height of the coal release area to be released.

[0012] Optionally, at least one top coal movement tracking tag is provided inside the top coal of the coal release test area. Each top coal movement tracking tag corresponds to a different coal release layer, and the maximum coal release layer is less than the upper limit of the coal release height. Each top coal movement tracking tag includes an acceleration sensor, and each top coal movement tracking tag is used to generate corresponding coal release information based on the detection data of the corresponding acceleration sensor.

[0013] The second total coal release time for obtaining the coal release test area includes:

[0014] For each top coal movement tracking tag, obtain the coal release information sent by the top coal movement tracking tag. The coal release information includes the start time and end time of coal release from the previous coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag to the coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag.

[0015] The coal release sub-duration corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag is obtained based on the coal release start time and the coal release end time.

[0016] The second total coal release duration is determined based on the coal release sub-duration corresponding to all the top coal movement tracking tags.

[0017] Optionally, the reference coal release duration includes multiple coal release sub-durations, and controlling the first total coal release duration to be less than or equal to the reference coal release duration during the coal release process in the coal-to-be-released area includes:

[0018] Based on the multiple coal release durations, the coal to be released area is released multiple times.

[0019] Optionally, the step of releasing coal multiple times into the coal-to-be-released area according to the multiple coal release durations includes:

[0020] Determine the Nth coal release sub-duration corresponding to the Nth coal release;

[0021] During the Nth coal release process, in response to the detection that the coal release duration has reached the Nth coal release sub-duration, the Nth coal release is stopped.

[0022] Optionally, obtaining the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal-to-be-released area includes:

[0023] Obtain the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam in the coal-to-coal-release area to the target aquifer;

[0024] The upper limit of the destruction height of the overlying fracture zone is obtained based on the minimum distance and the preset protective coal pillar thickness.

[0025] Optionally, the proportional relationship between the failure height of the overlying fracture zone and the coal discharge height is as follows:

[0026] H = k(nM + M), where H represents the height of the overlying fracture zone, M represents the coal mining height, nM represents the coal release height, and n is a constant between 0 and 3, and k represents the fracture-to-mining ratio obtained through experimental testing.

[0027] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a device for protecting the overlying aquifer based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams, the device comprising:

[0028] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the area to be released from coal;

[0029] The determination module is used to determine the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone damage height based on the proportional relationship between the overlying fracture zone damage height and the coal release height;

[0030] The second acquisition module is used to acquire the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of the coal release height;

[0031] The control module is used to control the first total coal release time to be less than or equal to the reference coal release time during the coal release process in the coal release area.

[0032] Optionally, the second acquisition module is used for:

[0033] Obtain the second total coal release time of the coal release test area to obtain the reference coal release time, wherein the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the coal release test area is the same as the upper limit of the coal release height of the coal release area to be released.

[0034] Optionally, at least one top coal movement tracking tag is provided inside the top coal of the coal release test area. Each top coal movement tracking tag corresponds to a different coal release layer, and the maximum coal release layer is less than the upper limit of the coal release height. Each top coal movement tracking tag includes an acceleration sensor, and each top coal movement tracking tag is used to generate corresponding coal release information based on the detection data of the corresponding acceleration sensor.

[0035] The second acquisition module is used for:

[0036] For each top coal movement tracking tag, obtain the coal release information sent by the top coal movement tracking tag. The coal release information includes the start time and end time of coal release from the previous coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag to the coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag.

[0037] The coal release sub-duration corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag is obtained based on the coal release start time and the coal release end time.

[0038] The second total coal release duration is determined based on the coal release sub-duration corresponding to all the top coal movement tracking tags.

[0039] Optionally, the reference coal release duration includes multiple coal release sub-durations, and the control module is used for:

[0040] Based on the multiple coal release durations, the coal to be released area is released multiple times.

[0041] Optionally, the control module is used for:

[0042] Determine the Nth coal release sub-duration corresponding to the Nth coal release;

[0043] During the Nth coal release process, in response to the detection that the coal release duration has reached the Nth coal release sub-duration, the Nth coal release is stopped.

[0044] Optionally, the first acquisition module is used to:

[0045] Obtain the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam in the coal-to-coal-release area to the target aquifer;

[0046] The upper limit of the destruction height of the overlying fracture zone is obtained based on the minimum distance and the preset protective coal pillar thickness.

[0047] Optionally, the proportional relationship between the failure height of the overlying fracture zone and the coal discharge height is as follows:

[0048] H = k(nM + M), where H represents the height of the overlying fracture zone, M represents the coal mining height, nM represents the coal release height, and n is a constant between 0 and 3, and k represents the fracture-to-mining ratio obtained through experimental testing.

[0049] Thirdly, this disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any of the first aspects.

[0050] Fourthly, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, including:

[0051] A memory on which computer programs are stored;

[0052] A processor for executing the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of the method of any one of the first aspects.

[0053] The above technical solution first obtains the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal-to-be-released area, and then determines the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone. In this way, the coal release process in the coal-to-be-released area is controlled according to the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of the coal release height. That is to say, by setting the top coal transport and coal release time parameter, the coal release height is precisely controlled, which can effectively protect the overlying aquifer.

[0054] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0055] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of a method for protecting overlying aquifers based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composite columnar structure of the overburden aquifer in the working face, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic planar view of a low-resistivity abnormal region according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogeological profile of the working face according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a pre-mining geological model according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a top coal transport tracking and mining height control system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the setting of a multi-round memory coal top coal transport tracking tag according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0063] Figure 8 This is a block diagram illustrating an overlying aquifer protection device based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0066] In related technologies, with the high-intensity mining and coal-fired power development in grassland areas, the mining-induced fractures formed by high-intensity coal mining easily connect to highly aquifer-rich layers. Fully mechanized top-coal caving mining under these layers can easily damage the groundwater system of the overlying strata, leading to water inrushes, sand bursts, and public safety accidents resulting in casualties. In particular, the coal caving height in fully mechanized top-coal caving mining under aquifers is difficult to control, further exacerbating the damage to the overlying groundwater system. Therefore, researching key technologies for intelligent top-coal caving mining to protect the overlying aquifers of extra-thick coal seams is a fundamental way to solve the problems of dynamic water inrushes, sand bursts, and groundwater system protection in underground coal mines.

[0067] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a method and electronic device for protecting the overlying aquifer in intelligent mining of thick coal seams, so as to achieve precise control of coal release height and effectively protect the overlying aquifer.

[0068] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of a method for protecting the overlying aquifer based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams, with reference to... Figure 1 The method includes:

[0069] Step S101: Obtain the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal release area;

[0070] In one possible approach, obtaining the upper limit of the failure height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal seam area to be released may include:

[0071] Obtain the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam in the area to be released to the target aquifer;

[0072] The upper limit of the overlying fracture zone damage height is obtained based on the minimum distance and the preset protective coal pillar thickness.

[0073] It should be understood that in order to achieve effective protection and safe mining of the overlying aquifer in the fully mechanized longwall mining of extra-thick coal seams, it is first necessary to analyze the regional geological structure, stratum undulations and engineering geological characteristics of the coal and rock strata, as well as the location of the overlying aquifer and aquitard.

[0074] Figure 2 This is a comprehensive columnar section diagram of the aquifer structure of the overburden rock at the application working face, as shown in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, with reference to... Figure 2In one possible approach, the working face is 3100m long with a working face length of 240m, a dip angle of 2-6°, and a burial depth of 350-420m. The coal seam being mined is the merged coal seam area, with a total average thickness of 35m and an overlying layer thickness of 10m. The immediate roof is the third aquitard, consisting of interbedded siltstone, mudstone, and coal, with an average thickness of 40m. The overlying third aquifer is mainly composed of sandy conglomerate, fine sandstone, and mudstone, cemented with argillaceous or tuffaceous material, with uneven thickness distribution as sporadic aquifers, a unit yield of 0.562-2.296 L / (s·m), and an average thickness of 30m. The overlying second aquitard is composed of sandstone, conglomerate, and mudstone cemented with tuffaceous material. The rock is composed of sandstone and conglomerate on average 75%, mudstone 25%, and coarse sandstone with a uniaxial compressive strength exceeding 10 MPa. It has low rock strength and soft lithology, and is classified as a weak rock layer. The average thickness of this aquitard is 75 m. The overlying aquitard is the II aquitard, which is the target aquitard to be protected. It is an aquitard with the characteristics of conglomerate and sandstone, with an average thickness of 72 m throughout the area. The unit yield is 0.562 to 2.296 L / (s·m), and the permeability coefficient is 1.47 to 2.972 m / d. It is classified as a highly water-rich aquitard.

[0075] It should also be understood that transient electromagnetic methods, direct current methods, parallel electrical methods, or other geophysical methods can be selected to detect the water-bearing properties of the coal seam roof, correct for external interference factors, and ensure the accuracy of the exploration results of the overlying strata. Based on the geological target provided by the mine geological exploration boreholes and geophysical exploration, underground water exploration and drainage measures are designed and formulated. Before the working face is mined, the area affected by the overlying fracture zone is drilled and verified, and the static water in the strata within the overlying fracture zone is drained, thereby establishing a detailed hydrogeological body.

[0076] Figure 3 This is a schematic planar view of a low-resistivity abnormal region according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The application working face of the longwall mining was subjected to detailed exploration of hydrogeology and geological structure using transient electromagnetic method and radio wave perspective method, and a comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted. Based on existing geological data and on-site exploration conditions, it can be concluded that there are a total of 5 low resistivity anomaly zones within the longwall mining working face.

[0077] Among them, the low resistivity anomaly zone is mainly caused by the influence of the sandstone and conglomerate aquifer and fractures in the top plate III, and is named YC1, YC2, YC3, YC4 and YC5 respectively. Based on the fact that the aquifer is thicker in the western part of the working face, the aquifer is locally located in the central part, and the water-bearing capacity of the strata in the eastern part is poor, the water-bearing capacity is analyzed in conjunction with the geophysical exploration results and the relationship between water-bearing capacity is: YC1>YC3>YC2>YC4>YC5.

[0078] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogeological profile of an application working face according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 4Following the principle of prioritizing geophysical exploration and drilling verification, boreholes can be deployed in both roadways of the working face to verify factors such as the lithology, thickness variation, water-conducting structure, and coal thickness variation of the overlying aquifer (or impermeable) layer. Intensified drilling is conducted in the geophysical anomaly zones of the longwall face. All five low-resistivity anomaly zones are classified as Class III aquifers. These Class III aquifers are discontinuous and separated from Class II aquifers by impermeable layers. During the drilling verification process, the aquifers affected by the overlying fracture zone are explored, and water in the Class III aquifers within the low-resistivity anomaly zones is drained. This reveals that the distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the Class II aquifer is 130–150 m. This allows the determination of the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the target aquifer in the area to be drained.

[0079] It should be understood that the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone failure height can be obtained by subtracting the preset protective coal pillar thickness from the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the target aquifer in the coal-to-coal-extraction area. The preset protective coal pillar thickness can be determined based on the geological and mining conditions of the mining area and the water-impermeability of the protective layer.

[0080] It should also be understood that the overlying fracture zone is the main channel for water from the overlying aquifer to enter the mining space during coal seam mining. It is also the water-conducting channel for the failure of the overlying aquifer system and water inrush and sand collapse accidents. The development height of this zone can be directly measured using the borehole water injection method. In order to further understand the height of overlying rock failure after coal seam mining, measurement boreholes can be set up on the surface for the "two zones" of post-mining caving zone and overlying fracture zone. The top boundaries of the caving zone and overlying fracture zone are mainly determined by recording the borehole water level depth change curve and the amount of circulating fluid loss in the borehole. Specifically, the actual measurement project was arranged in adjacent working faces. Two boreholes, one before mining and one after mining, were drilled for observation. The purpose was to make comparisons and verifications to more accurately determine the height of the "two zones". Both boreholes were constructed according to the design requirements. For example, the two boreholes were 5.68m apart in plane, which can be considered to have the same geological characteristics. The construction of the post-mining borehole began 30 days after the working face was pushed past the pre-mining borehole. The leakage of flushing fluid and water level in the two boreholes were observed, and the analysis and comparison were carried out through borehole television and borehole core analysis.

[0081] For example, when the coal face thickness is 7.7m, at a borehole depth of 293.35m, the flushing fluid loss suddenly increases and the water level drops sharply. Based on the post-mining flushing fluid loss and water level observations, it can be inferred that the apex of the overlying fracture zone is at a borehole depth of 246.22m. This point is 83.78m from the coal seam roof, representing the development height of the overlying fracture zone. By calculating the ratio of the overlying fracture zone development height to the mining thickness, the fracture height-to-thickness ratio can be obtained as 10.88. Furthermore, after multiple experimental measurements and comparisons at this mine, the measured fracture height-to-thickness ratio, i.e., the fracture-to-thickness ratio, for fully mechanized longwall mining can be determined to be 11.

[0082] It should also be understood that, in the process of top coal caving mining, in order to protect the overlying aquifer and prevent the overlying fracture zone from connecting to the aquifer, it is necessary to keep the height of the overlying fracture zone less than the upper limit of the fracture height.

[0083] For example, based on the fact that the upper 20m of the second aquifer is composed of mudstone tuffaceous cementation with good water-retaining properties, and drawing on engineering practice, the preset protective coal pillar thickness can be determined to be 20m. According to the distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the second aquifer, as observed in the working face exploration, it is 130-150m. Therefore, the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the second aquifer can be determined to be 130m. Subtracting the preset protective coal pillar thickness of 20m from this minimum distance yields an upper limit of 110m for the failure height of the overlying fracture zone.

[0084] Step S102: Based on the proportional relationship between the overlying fracture zone failure height and the coal release height, determine the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone failure height;

[0085] In one possible approach, the proportional relationship between the overlying fracture zone failure height and the coal release height can be:

[0086] H = k(nM + M), where H represents the height of the overlying fracture zone, M represents the coal mining height, nM represents the coal release height, and n is a constant between 0 and 3, and k represents the fracture-to-mining ratio obtained through experimental testing.

[0087] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a pre-mining geological model according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 5 By analyzing the regional geological structure and conducting detailed exploration, the following parameters can be designed: coal mining height M (in meters), coal release height nM (in meters, where n is a constant ranging from 0 to 3), allowable overlying fracture zone failure height k(n+1)M (in meters, where k is the fracture-to-mining ratio), and preset protective coal pillar thickness H. b (Unit: meters)

[0088] For example, when the distance to the target aquifer at the top interface of the coal seam is 130–135 m, based on geological characteristics and analogy with engineering practice, the preset protective coal pillar thickness H can be determined. b The distance from the top of the coal seam to the target aquifer is set at 20m. Subtracting the thickness of the protective coal pillar from the minimum distance from the top of the coal seam to the target aquifer yields an upper limit of 110m for the failure height of the overlying fracture zone. Furthermore, experimental testing in this area yielded a fracture-to-mining ratio of 11, allowing for a coal extraction height of 10m. Based on the condition that n is a constant between 0 and 3, the coal extraction height can be determined to be 3m, and the extraction height 7m. In other words, based on the relationship between the above values, the upper limit of the coal extraction height corresponding to the upper limit of the fracture zone failure height of 110m is determined to be 7m. For example, when the distance from the top of the coal seam to the target aquifer is 135–140m, and the preset protective coal pillar thickness H... bWhen the height is set to 20m, the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone failure height is 115m. Based on a fracture-to-mining ratio of 11, the coal extraction height can be set to 10.45m. Furthermore, based on the condition that n is a constant between 0 and 3, the coal extraction height can be determined to be 3m, and the coal extraction height to be 7.45m. In other words, based on the relationship between the above values, the upper limit of the coal extraction height corresponding to the upper limit of the fracture zone failure height of 115m is determined to be 7.45m.

[0089] Step S103: Obtain the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of coal release height;

[0090] Step S104: During the coal release process in the coal release area, control the first total coal release time to be less than or equal to the reference coal release time.

[0091] It should be understood that the range of difference between the first total coal release time and the reference coal release time can be set according to the actual situation. The reference coal release time is analyzed and processed, and adjusted according to the actual situation to obtain the first total coal release time.

[0092] By using the above methods, the coal release height can be accurately controlled according to the set top coal transport time, thereby controlling the height of the fracture zone within the allowable range, effectively protecting the strong water-rich aquifer overlying the coal seam and ensuring the safe prevention and control of water and sand disasters.

[0093] In one possible approach, step S103 could be:

[0094] Obtain the second total coal release time of the coal release test area to obtain the reference coal release time. The upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the coal release test area is the same as the upper limit of the coal release height of the coal release area to be released.

[0095] It should be understood that when demonstrating coal release in the coal release test area, a top coal transport tracking system can be used to track and measure the top coal release in real time, and the measurement results can be fed back to the support electro-hydraulic control system, thereby achieving precise control of the top coal release height.

[0096] During the initial coal discharge, the learning mode of the hydraulic support controller needs to be activated. The support controller memorizes and learns the demonstration process and sends the learned coal discharge demonstration data to the demonstration data analysis and processing module to form an automatic coal discharge control process. After the demonstration coal discharge is completed, the learning mode of the hydraulic support controller is deactivated, and the hydraulic support controller will then execute the automatic coal discharge control process formed by its self-memory learning.

[0097] It should also be understood that during implementation, the coal release area needs to be divided into sections for demonstration coal release to obtain corresponding reference release times, based on changes in coal seam thickness and distance between the coal seam roof and the highly water-rich aquifer. Furthermore, the upper limit of the release height corresponding to the coal release test area and the upper limit of the release height of the coal release area can be considered the same if the height difference is less than a preset range.

[0098] Using the above method, control parameters for the coal release area can be set based on the coal release time data obtained from the coal release test area, thereby achieving precise control over the top coal release height.

[0099] In one possible approach, at least one top coal movement tracking tag can be installed inside the top coal of the coal release test area. Each top coal movement tracking tag corresponds to a different coal release layer, and the maximum coal release layer is less than the upper limit of the coal release height. Each top coal movement tracking tag includes an acceleration sensor, and each top coal movement tracking tag is used to generate corresponding coal release information based on the detection data of the corresponding acceleration sensor.

[0100] Step S103 can be:

[0101] For each top coal movement tracking tag, obtain the coal release information sent by the top coal movement tracking tag. The coal release information includes the start time and end time of coal release from the previous coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag to the coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag.

[0102] The coal release sub-duration corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag is obtained based on the coal release start time and coal release end time.

[0103] The second total coal release time is determined based on the coal release sub-time corresponding to all top coal movement tracking tags.

[0104] It should be understood that a top coal transport tracking system can be used to track and measure the top coal falling in real time, and the measurement results can be fed back to the support electro-hydraulic control system, thereby achieving precise control of the top coal falling height.

[0105] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a top coal transport tracking and mining height control system according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 6 It mainly includes top coal transport tracking tags, identifiers, and a central computer.

[0106] For example, the outer shell of the top coal movement tracking tag is 16cm high and 4cm in diameter, with an optimized density comparable to that of the coal body. Before use, each tag's main board can be assigned an ID number, such as 0101 (representing tag number 01 for hole number 01), and the clocks of the internal accelerometer and 2.4G wireless signal transmission module of the top coal movement tracking tag can be synchronized to ensure that the collected time is Beijing time at the time of collection. During the coal discharge process, the top coal movement tracking tag is discharged from the coal discharge port along with the top coal and is conveyed to the belt conveyor via the rear scraper conveyor and transfer conveyor.

[0107] The acceleration sensor records time at the start of coal seam mining and when the coal falls onto the rear scraper conveyor. It activates upon sensing a vibration signal, recording the top coal mining time. When the top coal movement tracker detaches from the coal seam and falls onto the rear scraper conveyor, it records the current time as the end of mining, as the tracker then returns to gravitational acceleration. The wireless signal transmission module transmits wireless signals at a fixed frequency. The wireless signal content includes the tag motherboard number and time information for the receiver to identify and receive.

[0108] Specifically, the accelerometer sensor operates on the fundamental principle that when the top coal is stationary, its specific force vector sum should always equal the acceleration due to gravity. It determines the various stages of the coal release process—such as before release, during release, and after release—by real-time monitoring of the vector sum of the three-axis specific forces and their rate of change within the triaxial accelerometer sensor inside the top coal movement tracking tag, and records the time of each round of release. Let the measured values ​​of the triaxial accelerometer be fx, fy, and fz, and the acceleration due to gravity be g. The triaxial specific force vector sum f can be expressed as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Correspondingly, when no coal is being discharged, the specific force vector sum is g, and the rate of change is 0; when coal is being discharged, the specific force vector sum is much smaller than g, and the rate of change is not 0; when the label is falling, the specific force vector sum is 0, and the rate of change is 0; when the label hits the scraper conveyor, the specific force vector sum is much larger than g, and the rate of change is not 0.

[0111] It should also be understood that after the top coal movement tracking tags are numbered, they need to be fixed in a predetermined position. The top coal movement tracking tags are placed in a predetermined position inside the top coal through a borehole. This predetermined position corresponds to the mining height that can effectively protect the overlying aquifer, as determined by prior analysis and simulation. In order to accurately assess the damage to the overlying aquifer caused by multiple rounds of coal release processes, multiple tags can be placed at different depths in a single borehole.

[0112] Reference Figure 6The identifier operates in two modes: master and slave. It can be powered by an external power supply certified by coal mine safety regulations or directly connected to the underground circuitry. The slave unit can be placed on either side of the hydraulic support and conveyor belt, while the master unit can be placed near the central computer. The slave unit's main function is to collect information sent by the top coal movement tracking tags, display and record the corresponding tag number, coal release start / stop time, and signal reception time in real time, and upload this information to the master unit via the CAN bus. The master unit's main function is to receive and display the address information, coal release time, and signal reception time of the top coal movement tracking tags uploaded by the slave unit, and can send the information to the central computer via the 485 bus and corresponding external communication modules. Simultaneously, the master unit also has a 2.4G wireless signal receiving module to receive information sent by top coal movement tracking tags that the slave unit has not yet received.

[0113] Upon receiving the address information, coal release time, and signal reception time from the top coal transport tracking tag, the central computer can determine whether the address information is being received for the first time and then use industrial control configuration software to display the collected information in real-time animation. The tag motherboard number and acquisition time can be displayed on the human-machine interface, and the start and stop times of the top coal transport tracking tag can be calculated to obtain the coal release time for each round, which serves as the control parameter for subsequent coal release processes.

[0114] Using the above method, the time of top coal release at different layers can be accurately recorded based on the top coal movement tracking tags. Then, based on the coal release sub-duration and address information corresponding to all top coal movement tracking tags, the total coal release duration can be determined through calculation and analysis and used as the control parameter for the coal release area, thereby accurately controlling the coal release height.

[0115] In one possible approach, the reference coal release duration may include multiple coal release sub-durations, and step S104 may be: releasing coal multiple times into the coal release area based on the multiple coal release sub-durations.

[0116] The process may include:

[0117] Determine the Nth coal release sub-duration corresponding to the Nth coal release;

[0118] During the Nth coal release, in response to the detection that the coal release duration has reached the Nth coal release sub-duration, the Nth coal release is stopped.

[0119] It should be understood that multiple coal releases, i.e., multi-round coal release processes, can effectively control the uniform subsidence of the coal-rock interface and effectively reduce damage to the overlying aquifer. Through numerical simulation and similarity simulation, the damage to the overlying aquifer caused by different numbers of coal release rounds and parameters can be evaluated, and thus the most suitable coal release process and corresponding control parameters can be set.

[0120] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of a multi-round memory coal top coal transport tracking tag according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 7 The hydraulic supports on the planned fully mechanized mining face can be sequentially numbered as 1, 2, 3, ..., N, N+1, where N is an integer not less than 1. The top coal movement tracking tags placed at designated locations on the Nth support can be sequentially numbered as 1, 2, ..., X, X+1, where X is an integer not less than 1. Based on the actual mining conditions, each top coal movement tracking device on the same hydraulic support must be placed at a designated location at the coal-rock interface and numbered sequentially.

[0121] To facilitate multiple rounds of coal release, the ID numbering format of the top coal movement tracking tag can be "N-X" to record location information. After receiving the signal, the module, under the processing of the control unit, extracts the information contained therein and stores, displays, and transmits the relevant information in real time. After receiving the location information, coal release time, and signal reception time from the top coal movement tracking tag, the central computer determines whether the address information is being received for the first time and whether the initial deployment position of the top coal movement tracker corresponding to that address information is at the coal-rock interface. It then sends control commands to the electro-hydraulic control system to control the fully mechanized caving support to close the coal release port. The collected information can also be displayed in real-time using the host computer software.

[0122] Furthermore, after the central computer performs corresponding calculations on the time information, the coal release time for each round can be obtained. The support controller in the electro-hydraulic control system sends the learned and recorded coal release time data to the demonstration data analysis and processing module. Subsequently, in the coal release area, the automatic coal release control process formed by self-memory learning will be executed, thereby realizing automated multi-round coal release.

[0123] For example, based on the geological conditions of the coal seam in the working face, the allowable mining heights are set at 10m, 10.45m, and 10.9m respectively, for distances from the top interface of the coal seam to the target aquifer at the start of the working face cut, which are 130–135m, 135–140m, and 140–150m. The specific implementation details are as follows:

[0124] From the working face to the 300m length of the cut roadway, the distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the target aquifer is 130-135m. The coal mining and release height is set to 10m, the coal mining height is 3m, and the coal release height is 7m. The time for multiple rounds of coal release is determined to be 20s for tracking and judging the top coal movement. The control program for multiple rounds of top coal release is set according to 20s, and the height of the overlying fracture zone is controlled within 110m.

[0125] From the 300m to the 600m strike length of the working face, the distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the target aquifer is 135-140m. The actual thickness of most of the coal in this section is 11m. The coal mining and release height is set to 10.45m, the coal mining height is 3m, and the coal release height is 7.45m. The time for multiple rounds of coal release based on the top coal movement tracking and judgment is 22s. The memory control program for multiple rounds of top coal release is set according to 22s, and the height of the overlying fracture zone is controlled within 115m.

[0126] From the 600m to 1200m strike length of the working face, the distance from the top interface of the coal seam to the second aquifer is 140-150m. The actual thickness of most of the coal seam in this section is 11m. The coal mining and release height is set to 10.9m, the coal mining height is 3m, and the coal release height is 7.9m. The time for multiple rounds of coal release is determined to be 23s based on the top coal movement tracking judgment. The memory control program for multiple rounds of top coal release is set according to 23s, and the height of the overlying fracture zone is controlled within 120m.

[0127] In the 1200m of working face already implemented in the above application, the overlying strong water-rich aquifer can be effectively protected, and no water inrush or sand collapse accidents have occurred. Furthermore, by recording and monitoring the mining volume in each working cycle, the coal recovery rate of the working face can reach 98%, which is significantly improved compared with traditional mining with waterproof safety coal pillars.

[0128] By using the above method, suitable control parameters can be set according to multiple coal release sub-durations in the reference coal release time, and coal can be released multiple times in the coal release area. This can achieve precise control of the coal release height and effectively protect the overlying aquifer, avoid the occurrence of water inrush and sand collapse accidents, and improve the coal recovery rate to a certain extent.

[0129] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides a device for protecting the overlying aquifer in intelligent mining of thick coal seams, referring to... Figure 8 The device includes:

[0130] The first acquisition module 801 is used to acquire the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal release area;

[0131] The determination module 802 is used to determine the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone failure height based on the proportional relationship between the failure height of the overlying fracture zone and the coal release height.

[0132] The second acquisition module 803 is used to acquire the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of the coal release height;

[0133] The control module 804 is used to control the first total coal release time to be less than or equal to the reference coal release time during the coal release process in the coal release area.

[0134] By using the above-mentioned device, the coal discharge height can be accurately controlled according to the set top coal transport time, thereby controlling the height of the fracture zone within the allowable range, effectively protecting the strong water-rich aquifer overlying the coal seam and ensuring the safe prevention and control of water and sand disasters.

[0135] Optionally, the second acquisition module 803 is used for:

[0136] Obtain the second total coal release time of the coal release test area to obtain the reference coal release time. The upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the coal release test area is the same as the upper limit of the coal release height of the coal release area to be released.

[0137] Optionally, at least one top coal movement tracking tag is installed inside the top coal of the coal release test area. Each top coal movement tracking tag corresponds to a different coal release layer, and the maximum coal release layer is less than the upper limit of the coal release height. Each top coal movement tracking tag includes an acceleration sensor, and each top coal movement tracking tag is used to generate corresponding coal release information based on the detection data of the corresponding acceleration sensor.

[0138] The second acquisition module 803 is used for:

[0139] For each top coal movement tracking tag, obtain the coal release information sent by the top coal movement tracking tag. The coal release information includes the start time and end time of coal release from the previous coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag to the coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag.

[0140] The coal release sub-duration corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag is obtained based on the coal release start time and coal release end time.

[0141] The second total coal release time is determined based on the coal release sub-time corresponding to all top coal movement tracking tags.

[0142] Optionally, the reference coal discharge duration includes multiple coal discharge sub-durations, and the control module 804 is used for:

[0143] Based on multiple coal release durations, the coal release area is subjected to multiple coal releases.

[0144] Optionally, the control module 804 is used for:

[0145] Determine the Nth coal release sub-duration corresponding to the Nth coal release;

[0146] During the Nth coal release, in response to the detection that the coal release duration has reached the Nth coal release sub-duration, the Nth coal release is stopped.

[0147] Optionally, the first acquisition module 801 is used for:

[0148] Obtain the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam in the area to be released to the target aquifer;

[0149] The upper limit of the overlying fracture zone damage height is obtained based on the minimum distance and the preset protective coal pillar thickness.

[0150] Optionally, the proportional relationship between the failure height of the overlying fracture zone and the coal release height is as follows:

[0151] H = k(nM + M), where H represents the height of the overlying fracture zone, M represents the coal mining height, nM represents the coal release height, and n is a constant between 0 and 3, and k represents the fracture-to-mining ratio obtained through experimental testing.

[0152] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0153] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, including:

[0154] A memory on which computer programs are stored;

[0155] A processor is used to execute a computer program in memory to implement the steps of any of the above-described methods for protecting overlying aquifers based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams.

[0156] Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device 900 according to an exemplary embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 9 The electronic device 900 may include a processor 901 and a memory 902. The electronic device 900 may also include one or more of a multimedia component 903, an input / output (I / O) interface 904, and a communication component 905.

[0157] The processor 901 controls the overall operation of the electronic device 900 to complete all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned method for protecting the overlying aquifer in thick coal seams. The memory 902 stores various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device 900. This data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method operating on the electronic device 900, and application-related data such as contact data, sent and received messages, pictures, audio, video, etc. The memory 902 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. Multimedia component 903 may include a screen and an audio component. The screen may be, for example, a touchscreen, and the audio component is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component may include a microphone for receiving external audio signals. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 902 or transmitted via communication component 905. The audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals. I / O interface 904 provides an interface between processor 901 and other interface modules, such as a keyboard, mouse, buttons, etc. These buttons may be virtual or physical buttons. Communication component 905 is used for wired or wireless communication between the electronic device 900 and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G, 4G, NB-IoT, eMTC, or other 5G technologies, or combinations thereof, is not limited here. Therefore, the corresponding communication component 905 may include: a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, an NFC module, etc.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device 900 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the above-described method for protecting overlying aquifers based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams.

[0159] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a computer program is stored. When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the above-described method for protecting overlying aquifers based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams. For example, the computer-readable storage medium may be the memory 902 including program instructions, which may be executed by the processor 901 of the electronic device 900 to complete the above-described method for protecting overlying aquifers based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams.

[0160] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0161] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0162] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for protecting the overlying aquifer based on intelligent mining of thick coal seams, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal-to-coal-release area; Based on the direct proportional relationship between the overlying fracture zone failure height and the coal release height, the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone failure height is determined; Obtain the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of the coal release height; During the coal release process in the coal-to-be-released area, the first total coal release time is controlled to be less than or equal to the reference coal release time. The step of obtaining the reference coal release time corresponding to the upper limit of the coal release height includes: Obtain the second total coal release time of the coal release test area to obtain the reference coal release time, wherein the upper limit of the coal release height corresponding to the coal release test area is the same as the upper limit of the coal release height of the coal release area to be released; At least one top coal movement tracking tag is installed inside the top coal of the coal release test area. Each top coal movement tracking tag corresponds to a different coal release layer, and the maximum coal release layer is less than the upper limit of the coal release height. Each top coal movement tracking tag includes an acceleration sensor, and each top coal movement tracking tag is used to generate corresponding coal release information based on the detection data of the corresponding acceleration sensor. The second total coal release time for obtaining the coal release test area includes: For each top coal movement tracking tag, obtain the coal release information sent by the top coal movement tracking tag. The coal release information includes the start time and end time of coal release from the previous coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag to the coal release layer corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag. The coal release sub-duration corresponding to the top coal movement tracking tag is obtained based on the coal release start time and the coal release end time. The second total coal release duration is determined based on the coal release sub-duration corresponding to all the top coal movement tracking tags; The reference coal release duration includes multiple coal release sub-durations. Controlling the first total coal release duration to be less than or equal to the reference coal release duration during the coal release process in the coal-to-be-released area includes: Based on the multiple coal release durations, the coal to be released area is released multiple times; The step of releasing coal multiple times to the coal-to-be-released area according to the multiple coal release durations includes: Determine the Nth coal release sub-duration corresponding to the Nth coal release; During the Nth coal release process, in response to the detection that the coal release duration has reached the Nth coal release sub-duration, the Nth coal release is stopped; The method of obtaining the upper limit of the damage height of the overlying fracture zone in the coal-to-be-released area includes: Obtain the minimum distance from the top interface of the coal seam in the coal-to-coal-release area to the target aquifer; Based on the minimum distance and the preset protective coal pillar thickness, the upper limit of the overlying fracture zone damage height is obtained; The direct proportional relationship between the failure height of the overlying fracture zone and the coal discharge height is as follows: H = k(nM + M), where H represents the height of the overlying fracture zone, M represents the coal mining height, nM represents the coal release height, and n is a constant between 0 and 3, and k represents the fracture-to-mining ratio obtained through experimental testing.

2. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method described in claim 1.

3. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory on which computer programs are stored; A processor for executing the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of the method of claim 1.

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