A method of manufacturing a multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component

Abstract

The application provides a multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component preparation method, steps comprising: according to the shape of the component and the gradient distribution requirement of the component material, weighing corresponding proportions of the base material and the reinforcing body particles, and mixing into n different component composite powders; loading the obtained composite powders into the multi-position hoppers of the additive forming device respectively, and installing the component substrate; opening the additive forming device, setting the process parameters of the additive forming process; controlling the multi-position hoppers to feed according to the preset program, and implementing the additive forming. The application provides a brand-new friction stir additive forming scheme, which can not only quickly form the composite component with the gradient distribution of the reinforcing phase in space, but also can form multiple curved composite components with the gradient distribution of the reinforcing phase at one time; the application is beneficial to realize the quantitative regulation of the material components and the gradient distribution state, and can effectively control the material residual stress, the grain size, the composition segregation and other problems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite material additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component. BACKGROUND

[0002] To improve the comprehensive performance of metal matrix composites and expand their application fields, the design and preparation of composites gradually develop from reverse design of "material design-performance requirement" to forward design of "performance requirement-material design". Among them, the gradient distribution of composite organization and performance can realize the synchronous improvement of the strength and plasticity of the composite material, and can reduce and overcome the mismatch of the performance of the combined part.

[0003] Research shows that the gradient distribution of the content / structure of the reinforcing phase can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of the composite material. Current gradient composite material preparation mainly includes powder metallurgy, self-propagating sintering high-temperature synthesis, spraying, multi-layer rolling deformation, and laser cladding. Among them, the powder metallurgy forms and sinters the raw materials according to the designed gradient composition, which can realize efficient design of the gradient of the composite material, but has problems such as complex process, high porosity of the prepared material, and low comprehensive performance; the self-propagating sintering high-temperature synthesis is synthesized through high-temperature diffusion and chemical reaction, which has problems such as high requirement for reaction raw materials, uncontrollable additional reaction process, etc.; the spraying method is to spray the mixed powder after melting, which has problems such as many material defects, non-dense structure, etc.; the multi-layer rolling deformation method is to stack composite material plates of different compositions and then deform by rolling, but this method has problems such as interlayer cracking due to large plastic deformation, and cannot realize quantitative control of the gradient distribution state; the laser cladding method is to prepare by cladding composite raw materials, but there is a liquid to solid transition in the preparation process, which has problems such as excessive residual stress, non-dense structure, coarse grains, segregation, etc., and cannot realize high-quality preparation of coarse and fine grain multilayer structure.

[0004] Friction stir additive manufacturing technology is a kind of full solid phase additive manufacturing technology based on friction stir welding technology and suitable for alloy materials. Through high-speed rotation of the additive tool head and friction plasticity of the material, the material enters a hot plastic state and plastic deformation occurs, so that the material is repeatedly accumulated layer by layer according to the predetermined path, and finally the desired additive manufacturing component is obtained. This method can effectively avoid defects such as pores and liquid cracks, and can obtain fine equiaxed grain structure, so it has the characteristics of excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of additive manufacturing components. However, the existing friction stir additive technology can usually only add materials to flat plate components and cannot form multiple curved components with gradient distribution of reinforcing phase at one time. SUMMARY

[0005] At least to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background, the present application aims to provide a multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component preparation method.

[0006] The present application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] A multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component preparation method, the steps include:

[0008] Step 1, according to the shape of the component and the gradient distribution requirement of the component material, the corresponding proportion of the matrix material and the reinforcing body particles are weighed and mixed into n kinds of different component composite powders, respectively C1, C2, C n ;

[0009] Step 2, the obtained composite powders are respectively loaded into the multi-position hopper of the additive forming device, and the component substrate is installed;

[0010] Step 3, open the additive forming device, and set the process parameters of the additive forming process;

[0011] Step 4, control the multi-position hopper to supply according to the preset program, and implement additive forming, first make the composite powder C1 into the additive forming device and complete the preparation of the composite component layer F1, then make the composite powder C2 into the additive forming device and complete the preparation of the composite component layer F2, and so on, until the composite powder C n enters the additive forming device and completes the preparation of the composite component layer F n ;

[0012] Step 5, repeat step 4 one or more times until the preparation of the component is completed.

[0013] Further, the multi-position hopper includes a rotating mechanism, a plurality of hoppers are arranged on the rotating disc of the rotating mechanism, and the central axes of all the hoppers are located on the same circumference; the additive forming device adopts a friction stir additive equipment, and the tool head cavity of the friction stir additive equipment can be communicated with any one of the hoppers.

[0014] In order to be able to form a plurality of curved components with gradient distribution of reinforcing phase at one time, the component substrate is installed on a base, the base has a plurality of through holes arranged at intervals, a tungsten alloy partition plate is matched in each through hole, the outermost closed tungsten alloy partition plate serves as a main support baffle, and the inner contour shape of the tungsten alloy partition plate is consistent with the shape of the prepared component; when the screw lifting mechanism operates, the lifting part moves up and down, and the tungsten alloy partition plate moves up and down along the through hole.

[0015] Further, in the process of implementing additive forming, the top end of the tungsten alloy partition plate is controlled to be in direct pressure contact with the working end of the tool head of the friction stir additive equipment at all times by controlling the operation of the screw lifting mechanism, and the pressure control is 1.8~2.5KN; when the component is formed, the screw lifting mechanism is controlled to reset.

[0016] As preferred, when the base material adopts aluminum powder and the reinforcing particle adopts silicon carbide particle, the heating temperature of the tool head is controlled at 350 DEG C, the rotating speed is controlled at 250 rpm, the moving speed of the tool head is controlled at 400 mm / min, and the working end pressure of the tool head is controlled at 6 kN.

[0017] As preferred, the component is a U-shaped component, a V-shaped component or a porous columnar component.

[0018] In order to more smoothly form the multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component, the temperature of the tungsten alloy partition plate is controlled at 450-470 DEG C during the additive forming process.

[0019] Beneficial effects: the present application provides a brand-new friction stir additive forming scheme, which can not only quickly form the composite component with gradient distribution of reinforcing phase in space, but also one-time form multiple curved composite components with gradient distribution of reinforcing phase; the present application is beneficial to realize quantitative regulation of material components and gradient distribution state, the raw material does not occur liquid phase transition during the forming process, the preparation process has few additional chemical reactions, and the problems such as material residual stress, grain size, composition segregation can be effectively controlled, and the present application has the advantages of good interlayer bonding state, small residual stress, high density, quantitatively controllable gradient composition, and difficult interlayer cracking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a forming schematic diagram of the multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component in the embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a downward schematic diagram in the V-shaped component forming process in the embodiment 2;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a downward schematic diagram before the V-shaped component forming in the embodiment 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application. EMBODIMENT

[0024] In combination Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Based on the component shape and the gradient distribution requirements of the component materials, weigh out the corresponding proportions of matrix material and reinforcing particles, and mix them into composite powders with n different components, namely C1, C2, C... n ;

[0026] Step 2: Load the obtained composite powder into the multi-position hopper of the additive manufacturing device and install the component substrate;

[0027] Step 3: Turn on the additive manufacturing equipment and set the process parameters for the additive manufacturing process;

[0028] Step 4: Control the multi-position hopper to supply materials according to the preset program and implement additive forming. First, let composite powder C1 enter the additive forming device to complete the preparation of composite component layer F1. Then, let composite powder C2 enter the additive forming device to complete the preparation of composite component layer F2. Repeat this process until composite powder C1 is fully formed. n Entering the additive forming apparatus and completing the composite component layer F n Preparation of;

[0029] Step 5: Repeat step 4 once or multiple times until the component is complete.

[0030] Among them, the multi-position hopper includes a rotating mechanism, and the turntable of the rotating mechanism is equipped with multiple hoppers 4 (e.g. Figure 1 The shown bins L1, L2, L3...L n All the material bins 4 are located on the same circumference; the additive forming device adopts friction stir additive manufacturing equipment, the tool head 2 of the friction stir additive manufacturing equipment is located below the material bins 4, and the tool head material chamber 3 of the friction stir additive manufacturing equipment can communicate with any one of the material bins 4.

[0031] To enable the one-time forming of multiple curved components with a gradient distribution of reinforcing phases, a component substrate is mounted on a base with several spaced-apart through holes. A tungsten alloy partition is fitted into each through hole, with the outermost closed tungsten alloy partition serving as the main support baffle. The inner contour of the tungsten alloy partition matches the shape of the component being formed. During the operation of the screw lifting mechanism, the lifting component moves up and down, and the tungsten alloy partition moves up and down along the through holes. During the additive forming process, the screw lifting mechanism is controlled to ensure that the top of the tungsten alloy partition is always in direct, pressurized contact with the working end of the tool head of the friction stir additive manufacturing equipment. This pressure is controlled to be 1.8~2.5 kN. After the component is formed, the screw lifting mechanism is reset.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a multilayer gradient metal matrix composite component preparation method is used to form five V-shaped components 10 at one time, the included angle of the V-shaped component 10 is required to be controlled to 87°, and the wall thickness of the V-shaped component 10 is 8mm, the steps include:

[0034] Step 1, according to the shape of the component and the gradient distribution requirement of the component material, the corresponding proportion of the matrix material (aluminum powder with particle size not greater than 9.8μm) and the reinforcing body particles (silicon carbide particles with particle size of 3-5μm) are weighed and mixed into n different component composite powders, respectively C1, C2, C3; wherein the content of silicon carbide in the composite powder C1 is 1.0vol%, the content of silicon carbide in the composite powder C2 is 2.0vol%, and the content of silicon carbide in the composite powder C3 is 3.0vol%;

[0035] Step 2, the obtained composite powder is respectively loaded into the multi-position hopper of the additive forming device, and the component base plate is installed; when installing the base plate 1, first install the tungsten alloy partition plate as shown in Figure 2 on the lifting part of the screw lifting mechanism, then insert the tungsten alloy partition plate into the through hole of the base, and the base is fixedly arranged, then put the base plate 1 between the adjacent tungsten alloy partition plates, then adjust the height of the lifting part of the screw lifting mechanism, so that the top end of the tungsten alloy partition plate is flush with the surface of the base plate 1, at this time, the state is as shown in Figure 3 ; Figure 3 Among them, five base plates 1 of the same specification are schematically shown, any adjacent base plate 1 is separated and surrounded by a tungsten alloy partition plate, and the tungsten alloy partition plate is composed of a closed tungsten alloy partition plate 11 and tungsten alloy partition plates 12, 13 and 14 in the middle);

[0036] Step 3, open the additive forming device, set the process parameters of the additive forming process, set the heating temperature of the tool head 2 to 350℃, the rotating speed to 250rpm, the moving speed of the tool head to 400mm / min, and the working end pressure of the tool head to 6kN;

[0037] Step 4, control the multi-position hopper to supply material according to the preset program (first control the hopper L1 to rotate to the top of the tool head material cavity 3 and supply material within a preset time, then control the hopper L2 to rotate to the top of the tool head material cavity 3 and supply material within a preset time, then control the hopper L3 to rotate to the top of the tool head material cavity 3 and supply material within a preset time), and implement additive forming, first make the composite powder C1 enter the additive forming device and complete the preparation of the composite component layer F1, then make the composite powder C2 enter the additive forming device and complete the preparation of the composite component layer F2, and so on, until the composite powder C3 enters the additive forming device and completes the preparation of the composite component layer F3; wherein the thicknesses of the composite component layer F1, the composite component layer F2 and the composite component layer F3 are controlled to be 5mm respectively;

[0038] In the process of implementing the additive forming, the top end of the tungsten alloy partition plate is always in direct pressure contact with the working end of the tool head of the friction stir additive equipment by controlling the operation of the screw lifting mechanism, and the pressure is controlled to be 1.8-2.5KN, and the temperature of the tungsten alloy partition plate is always controlled to be 460℃;

[0039] Step 5, repeat step 4 multiple times until the preparation of the entire component is completed, then control the screw lifting mechanism to reset, and finally take out the component, and the included angles of the V-shaped components 10 obtained by one-time forming are 87.1°, 87°, 86.9°, 86.9°, and 87°, respectively.

[0040] In the scheme, the tungsten alloy partition plate is ingeniously used to separate and surround the V-shaped component 10. In the additive forming process, the tungsten alloy partition plate serves as a partition plate for the V-shaped component 10 and a support for the friction stir additive process, and can guide the plasticized powder material to flow into the corresponding forming space. In the additive forming process, additive forming is carried out along the edges of the V-shaped component 10. The top end of the tungsten alloy partition plate is always in direct pressure contact with the working end of the tool head of the friction stir additive equipment, and the top end of the tungsten alloy partition plate will move upward synchronously with the thickening of the additive part until the entire component is formed. The scheme in Example 2 can more critically realize that the included angle error of multiple V-shaped components 10 formed at one time is not more than 0.2°, and the included angle part of the V-shaped component 10 is completely free of arc surface transition area, and is particularly suitable for the forming of precise V-shaped components.

[0041] The present application provides a new friction stir additive forming scheme, which can not only quickly form a composite component with a gradient distribution of reinforcing phases in space, but also form multiple curved composite components with a gradient distribution of reinforcing phases at one time. The present application is beneficial to realize quantitative control of material components and gradient distribution states, and the raw materials do not undergo liquid phase transition during the forming process, and the preparation process has few additional chemical reactions, so that the problems of material residual stress, grain size, composition segregation, etc. can be effectively controlled, and the scheme has the advantages of good interlayer bonding state, small residual stress, high density, quantitatively controllable gradient composition, and difficult interlayer cracking.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multilayer gradient metal-based composite component, characterized in that the steps include: include: Step 1: Based on the component shape and the gradient distribution requirements of the component materials, weigh out the corresponding proportions of matrix material and reinforcing particles, and mix them into composite powders with n different components, namely C1, C2, C... n ; Step 2: Load the obtained composite powder into the multi-position hopper of the additive manufacturing device and install the component substrate; Step 3: Turn on the additive manufacturing equipment and set the process parameters for the additive manufacturing process; Step 4: Control the multi-position hopper to supply materials according to the preset program and implement additive forming. First, let composite powder C1 enter the additive forming device to complete the preparation of composite component layer F1. Then, let composite powder C2 enter the additive forming device to complete the preparation of composite component layer F2. Repeat this process until composite powder C1 is fully formed. n Entering the additive forming apparatus and completing the composite component layer F n Preparation of; Step 5: Repeat step 4 once or multiple times until the component is complete; The multi-position hopper includes a rotating mechanism, on which multiple hoppers are arranged, and the central axes of all hoppers are located on the same circumference; the additive forming device adopts a friction stir additive manufacturing equipment, and the tool head material chamber of the friction stir additive manufacturing equipment can communicate with any one of the hoppers; The component substrate is mounted on a base with several spaced through holes. A tungsten alloy partition is fitted in each through hole. The outermost closed tungsten alloy partition serves as the main support baffle. The inner contour shape of the tungsten alloy partition is consistent with the shape of the component being prepared. When the screw lifting mechanism is running, the lifting component moves up and down, and the tungsten alloy partition moves up and down along the through holes.

2. The method for preparing a multilayer gradient metal-based composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the additive manufacturing process, the top of the tungsten alloy partition plate is kept in direct pressure contact with the working end of the tool head of the friction stir additive manufacturing equipment by controlling the operation of the lead screw lifting mechanism. The pressure is controlled at 1.8~2.5KN. After the component is formed, the lead screw lifting mechanism is reset.

3. The method for preparing multilayer gradient metal-based composite components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The component is a U-shaped component, a V-shaped component, or a porous cylindrical component.

4. The method for preparing a multilayer gradient metal-based composite component according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the additive manufacturing process, the temperature of the tungsten alloy partition is always controlled at 450~470℃.

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