Composite fiber-based protective material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of composite fiber base protective material and its preparation method and application, for functional textile material technical field.The composite fiber base protective material of the application includes: unidirectional wet conductive fiber membrane, bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer and waterproof moisture-permeable membrane which are sequentially stacked, the unidirectional wet conductive fiber membrane includes hydrophobic fiber membrane and hydrophilic fiber membrane sandwiched between the hydrophobic fiber membrane and bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer, the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is greater than the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane.The average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 10 μm-18 μm;The average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.0 μm-2.3 μm.The composite fiber base protective material of the application is made by laminating process from the unidirectional wet conductive fiber membrane, bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer, waterproof moisture-permeable membrane.The composite fiber base protective material of the application has waterproofness and moisture permeability, and also has biodegradability and bacteriostatic effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of functional textile materials, in particular to a composite fiber-based protective material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Medical protective clothing refers to the protective clothing used by medical personnel and people entering specific medical and health areas. At present, the common medical protective clothing materials on the market mainly include the following types: polypropylene spun-bond cloth, polyester fiber and wood pulp composite spunlace cloth, polypropylene spun-bond-melt-blown-spun-bond composite non-woven cloth, polymer coated fabric, and polyethylene breathable film / non-woven cloth composite cloth. The static water pressure resistance of polypropylene spun-bond cloth is low, and it is generally used as ordinary protective products such as sterile surgical gowns and sterilization cloth. Since the polymer used in the material is mainly polypropylene, antioxidants and degrading agents are usually added, which need 20-30 years to degrade, and in the process, toxins are released, polluting the environment and soil. The static water pressure resistance of the polyester fiber and wood pulp composite spunlace material is low, and its moisture permeability and air permeability are poor, so the sweat cannot be discharged in time, affecting the wearing comfort. The polypropylene spun-bond-melt-blown-spun-bond composite non-woven cloth uses polypropylene as the main polymer, and antioxidants and degrading agents are usually added, which also need a long time to degrade, and cannot be biodegraded by itself, and will release certain toxins, polluting the environment and soil. The polymer coated fabric has poor moisture permeability, and the body's large amount of sweat cannot be discharged, the wearing comfort is poor, and the price is expensive; the structure of the polyethylene breathable film / non-woven cloth composite cloth is mostly complex, and the comfort needs to be improved.

[0003] In the prior art, the research on the material of medical protective clothing includes the following types: 1) a protective fabric including four layers of barrier layer, antistatic layer, moisture absorption and antibacterial layer, and unidirectional moisture transfer layer arranged in sequence, which is prepared by dry-wet spinning, while the protective clothing material in the present application is composed of a three-layer structure of unidirectional moisture transfer fiber film, antibacterial and sweat absorption layer, and waterproof and moisture permeable film; 2) a medical protective clothing fabric composed of a woven outer fabric containing conductive fibers, an electrostatically spun superhydrophobic nanofiber film with crumpled structure, and a woven inner fabric with unidirectional moisture transfer function, which is composed of the outer fabric, the film, and the inner fabric by hot melt adhesive film bonding and lamination technology; 3) a waterproof and moisture permeable film with a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer, which is composed of a moisture absorption and expansion fiber layer 1, an adhesive 2, and a hydrophobic fiber layer 3, and has a certain unidirectional moisture transfer performance. However, the existing medical protective clothing materials generally have the problems of poor wearing comfort and difficult degradation.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a protective clothing material with good moisture permeability and air permeability and biodegradability to meet the application requirements in the fields of medical health and the like. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application provides a composite fiber-based protective material, which has good barrier protection and air and moisture permeability, and also has good biodegradability.

[0006] The present application also provides a preparation method of the composite fiber-based protective material.

[0007] The present application also provides an application of the composite fiber-based protective material.

[0008] The first aspect of the present application provides a composite fiber-based protective material, which comprises: a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, a bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer and a waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane which are sequentially stacked, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane comprises a hydrophobic fiber membrane and a hydrophilic fiber membrane which is sandwiched between the hydrophobic fiber membrane and the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer, and the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is larger than that of the hydrophilic fiber membrane.

[0009] According to the first aspect of the present application, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0010] The composite fiber-based protective material comprises a structure composed of three layers of a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, a bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer and a waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane comprises a hydrophilic fiber membrane and a hydrophobic fiber membrane, and the hydrophobic layer is in contact with the skin during use. Due to the fact that the average pore size of the hydrophobic layer is larger than that of the hydrophilic layer, sweat is conducted along the hydrophobic layer to the hydrophilic layer under the action of the pore size gradient and the surface wettability gradient, which is beneficial to keeping the skin surface of medical staff dry and improving the wearing comfort of the garment. The bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer contains bacteriostatic components and high-molecular water-absorbing materials, which can provide the material with certain antibacterial properties, absorb sweat and steam from the hydrophilic layer of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, and discharge them through the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane.

[0011] The present application uses electrospinning technology to prepare the fiber membrane, which has the advantages of fine diameter, small pore size and high porosity, and also has the advantages of wide range of spinnable raw materials, large specific surface area and strong structure adjustability, which can endow the material with excellent barrier protection and air and moisture permeability, biodegradability and certain bacteriostatic effect. The addition of bacteriostatic components in the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer makes it have certain antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is the inner layer of the composite fiber-based protective material; the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer is the middle layer; and the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is the outer layer. During use, the hydrophobic fiber membrane layer is in contact with the skin.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 10-18 μm.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.0-2.3 μm.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the average pore size of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is 0.8-1.7 μm.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the average pore size is the average value of the pore size before heat pressing, and the pore size can be controlled by heat pressing process parameters. According to some embodiments of the present application, the total thickness of the composite fiber-based protective material is 20-32 mm.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane of the material of the present application is 30-50 μm.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer of the material of the present application is 20-30 mm.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane of the material of the present application is 10-30 μm.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present application, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is prepared by electrospinning process using the hydrophobic fiber layer and the hydrophilic fiber layer arranged in sequence.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present application, the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is prepared by electrospinning process using the hydrophobic fiber layer and the hydrophilic fiber layer arranged in sequence.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present application, the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane comprises at least one of polyglycolide (PGA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polylysine.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the electrospinning process, the solvent for preparing the hydrophilic fiber layer is at least one of acetone, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polyglycolide, the solvent is at least one of acetone and chloroform.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polyhydroxyalkanoate, the solvent is at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polyvinyl alcohol, the solvent is at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane is polylysine, the solvent is ethanol.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present application, the concentration of the spinning solution of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 6wt% to 14wt%.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present application, the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane comprises at least one of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL).

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the electrospinning process, the solvent for preparing the hydrophobic fiber layer is at least one of trichloromethane, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone.

[0031] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane is polylactic acid, the solvent is at least one of trichloromethane, dichloromethane and N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane is polycaprolactone, the solvent is at least one of acetone and dichloromethane.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present application, the concentration of the spinning solution of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 12wt% to 18wt%.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the present application, the method for preparing the unidirectional moisture-wicking fiber membrane comprises the following steps:

[0035] The raw materials are respectively dissolved in the corresponding solvents to obtain spinning solutions by the electrospinning process, and the unidirectional moisture-wicking fiber membrane is prepared by hot pressing the hydrophobic fiber layer and the hydrophilic fiber layer which are sequentially stacked.

[0036] The bottom layer is the hydrophobic fiber membrane, and the hydrophilic fiber membrane is spun on the hydrophobic fiber membrane as the outer layer.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present application, the oil mirror paper is used as the spinning receiving substrate in the preparation of the unidirectional moisture-wicking fiber membrane.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present application, the electrospinning operation further comprises placing the spun fiber membrane for a period of time to volatilize residual solvent.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present application, the electrospinning parameters of the hydrophilic fiber membrane include: voltage 45kV-50kV, receiving distance 20cm-25m, infusion speed 1mL / h-2mL / h, temperature 25℃-27℃, relative humidity 40%-45%.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present application, the electrospinning parameters of the hydrophobic fiber membrane include: voltage 45kV-50kV, receiving distance 20cm-24cm, infusion speed 3mL / h-4mL / h, temperature 25℃-27℃, relative humidity 80%-85%.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present application, the preparation raw material of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane includes a polymer matrix and a hydrophobic agent.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present application, the polymer matrix includes at least one of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and cellulose acetate.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present application, the solvent of the polymer matrix is at least one of hexafluoroisopropanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the polymer is polyglycolic acid, the solvent is hexafluoroisopropanol.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present application, when the polymer is cellulose-derived polyurethane, the solvent is at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present application, the hydrophobic agent includes at least one of polymethylhydrogen siloxane (PDMS), polydimethylsiloxane or (PMHS) and hexadecyl trimethoxysilane (HDTMS).

[0047] According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the polymer and the hydrophobic agent is 3:7-6:4.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present application, the total mass fraction of the hydrophobic agent and the polymer in the spinning solution is 15wt%-20wt%.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present application, the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is made by an electrospinning process.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method of the waterproof and moisture-permeable film specifically comprises the following steps:

[0051] The polymer and the hydrophobic agent are respectively dissolved in corresponding solvents, mixed and stirred to obtain a spinning solution, and the waterproof and moisture-permeable film is prepared by electrospinning technology.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the present application, the parameters of the electrospinning include a voltage of 16kV-22kV, a receiving distance of 20cm-24cm, a perfusion speed of 1mL / h-2mL / h, a temperature of 45℃-65℃, and a relative humidity of 65%-85%.

[0053] According to some embodiments of the present application, the preparation raw material of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer comprises an antibacterial agent and a high-molecular water-absorbing material.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present application, the antibacterial agent is selected from at least one of lysozyme, nisin, nano-zinc oxide, propolis, extract of gallnut, and a synthesis of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and potato starch.

[0055] Among them, nisin, propolis and extract of gallnut are natural antibacterial agents, and the synthesis of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and potato starch is a synthetic antibacterial agent. The antibacterial agent used in the present application is biodegradable, which can reduce environmental pollution and achieve the effect of protecting the environment.

[0056] According to some embodiments of the present application, the high-molecular water-absorbing material comprises at least one of polyamino acid high-water-absorbing material, modified chitin powder, cellulose-based high-water-absorbing material, sodium alginate-based high-water-absorbing material, and chitosan-based high-water-absorbing material.

[0057] According to some embodiments of the present application, the modified chitin powder is hydrophilic modification, and the chitin is grafted with a hydrophilic monomer for modification. The hydrophilic monomer can be at least one of methyl methacrylate and levorotatory lactic acid.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer specifically comprises the following steps:

[0059] The antibacterial component and the high-molecular water-absorbing material are mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain a suspension, ultrasonic treatment is performed, and freeze-drying is performed to obtain the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present application, the stirring time is 5h-8h.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present application, before the suspension is formed, the suspension is washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water, and after washing is completed, the suspension is obtained by re-dispersing in ultrapure water.

[0062] According to some embodiments of the present application, the ultrasonic frequency is 45 kHz-70 kHz.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present application, the power is 15 W-20 W.

[0064] According to some embodiments of the present application, the ultrasonic irradiation time is 10 min-30 min.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present application, the ultrasonic temperature is 35℃-40℃.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present application, after the ultrasonic treatment, the sample is further put into a refrigerator for freezing, and then the frozen sample is put into a freeze dryer for freeze drying.

[0067] According to some embodiments of the present application, the freezing temperature is-40℃--30℃.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present application, the drying time is 24 h-28 h.

[0069] The second aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of the composite fiber-based protective material, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0070] The unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer and the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane are laminated to form the composite fiber-based protective material.

[0071] According to the second aspect of the present application, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0072] In the preparation of the material, the layers are combined by layer hot printing and pressing, and the lamination technology is to stack two or more fabrics or membrane materials, and to bond them together by using an adhesive and pressure bonding, and to form a composite fabric by pressure of a hot press. Although the moisture permeability and air permeability decrease and the water pressure resistance increases with the increase of the amount of the adhesive, when the areal density of the adhesive is 12 g / m 2 ~ 20 g / m 2 , the micropores for gas passing are more and the air permeability is better, and the water pressure resistance shows an upward trend.

[0073] The lamination technology increases the peel strength and has better mechanical properties, and the material will not delaminate during use, and the compatibility between the layers does not need to be considered in advance.

[0074] According to some embodiments of the present application, the inner layer is the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, the middle layer is the antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and the outer layer is the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane; wherein the hydrophobic fiber membrane layer of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane contacts the skin.

[0075] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pressing temperature of the lamination process is 100℃~150℃.

[0076] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pressing time of the lamination process is 20s to 30s.

[0077] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive used in the lamination process includes at least one of polyacrylic adhesives and polyurethane hot melt adhesives.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the areal density of the adhesive is 12 g / m³. 2 ~20g / m 2 .

[0079] When the areal density of its adhesive is 12 g / m³ 2 ~20g / m 2 At that time, it has more micropores that allow gas to pass through, and its air permeability is better. Its water pressure resistance shows an upward trend. The areal density refers to the mass of the adhesive per unit area.

[0080] A third aspect of the present invention provides a medical protective suit, the material of which includes the aforementioned composite fiber-based protective material.

[0081] According to the third aspect of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0082] The material prepared in this invention allows sweat to spontaneously transfer from the hydrophobic layer of the one-way moisture-wicking membrane to the hydrophilic layer when used by medical personnel in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. Subsequently, the sweat is adsorbed by the capillary action of the superabsorbent polymer in the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer. During this process, water molecules interact with the hydrophilic groups of the superabsorbent polymer through hydrogen bonds. As the amount of sweat absorbed increases, the osmotic pressure difference of the superabsorbent polymer tends to zero. While expanding, the elastic contraction force also increases, reaching a water absorption balance. Therefore, some sweat is first stored in the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer, and some sweat is slowly evaporated. The slowly evaporated sweat is discharged through the waterproof and breathable membrane, keeping the skin dry and thus giving the material excellent comfort.

[0083] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0084] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Throughout the embodiments, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0085] In the description of the application, if there is a description to the first, second, etc. is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and can not be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0086] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the embodiment, only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the application and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of the application.

[0087] The words "preferably", "more preferably" and the like in the present application refer to the embodiments of the present application which can provide certain beneficial effects in certain cases. However, other embodiments can also be preferred in the same or other cases. In addition, the description of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not available, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the application.

[0088] When a numerical range is disclosed herein, the above range is considered to be continuous and includes the minimum value and the maximum value of the range, and each value between the minimum value and the maximum value. Further, when the range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum value and the maximum value of the range is included. In addition, when a plurality of ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein.

[0089] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of the application.

[0090] The reagents, methods and equipment used in the present application are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the technical field, unless otherwise specified.

[0091] The reagents and equipment used in the present application include:

[0092] The equipment is as follows:

[0093] Hot press: model: 300mm*500mm manufacturer: Tianjin Nuolaisinda Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0094] Electrospinning machine: Model: XES-N SN-MS-9D Manufacturer: China SOF Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0095] Magnetic stirrer: Model: SN-MS-9D Manufacturer: Shanghai Champ Instruments and Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0096] Electronic balance: Model: FA324C Manufacturer: Shanghai Hengji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.

[0097] Vacuum drying oven: Model: DZF-6050 Manufacturer: Shanghai Hanzhiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.

[0098] Electric heating air drying oven: Model: DHG-9070A Manufacturer: Shanghai Hanzhiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.

[0099] Digital fabric water permeability tester: Model: YG825E Manufacturer: Ningbo Textile Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0100] Moisture permeability tester: Model: YG601H Manufacturer: Ningbo Textile Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0101] Faraday cylinder: Model: YG403 Manufacturer: Dongguan Bolide Instrument and Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0102] Reagents are as follows:

[0103] Polylysine: molecular weight: 146.19 million Shandong Yatu Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

[0104] Polylactic acid: molecular weight: 110 million Shanghai Puzhen Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

[0105] Polycaprolactone: molecular weight: 114.1424 million Suzhou Qihang Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

[0106] Acetone: CAS: 67-64-1

[0107] Chloroform: CAS: 67-66-3

[0108] N,N-dimethylformamide: CAS: 41085-99-8

[0109] N,N-dimethylacetamide: CAS: 127-19-5

[0110] Dimethyl sulfoxide: CAS: 67-68-5

[0111] Polylactic acid (PLA): CAS: 31852-84-3

[0112] Polycaprolactone (PCL): CAS: 24980-41-4

[0113] HDTMS: CAS: 16415-12-6;

[0114] Trichloromethane: CAS: 67-66-3;

[0115] Methylene chloride: CAS: 75-09-2.

[0116] Example 1

[0117] The present embodiment provides a composite fiber-based protective material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0118] S1: Prepare unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: dissolve 9 g of polylactic acid in 51 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 15 wt%, uniformly stir for 15 h until uniform stirring, and reserve as a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution; dissolve 6 g of cellulose acetate in 54 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 10 wt%, uniformly stir for 15 h until uniform stirring, and reserve as a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution.

[0119] S2: Perform electrospinning: use oil mirror paper as the receiving substrate, electrospin the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as the bottom layer to form a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, voltage 45 kV, receiving distance 20 cm, infusion speed 3 mL / h, temperature 25°C, relative humidity 80%, then place the spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane for a period of time, evaporate the residual solvent, electrospin the hydrophilic electrospinning solution as the outer layer on the completed nanofiber membrane, voltage 45 kV, receiving distance 20 cm, infusion speed 1 mL / h, temperature 25°C, relative humidity 40%. Place the obtained double-layer nanofiber membrane in a drying box for 2 h of drying treatment to remove residual solvent, wherein the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 12 pm, and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.3 pm.

[0120] S3: Spin waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane: dissolve polyglycolic acid (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and PDMS (Huangshan Qiangli Chemical Co., Ltd.) in hexafluoroisopropanol according to a mass ratio of 3:7 to prepare an electrospinning solution with a mass fraction of 15 wt%, use oil mirror paper as the receiving substrate, electrospin the prepared electrospinning solution to form a waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane, then place the spun waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane for a period of time to evaporate the residual solvent, voltage 16 kV, receiving distance 20 cm, infusion speed 1 mL / h, temperature 45°C, relative humidity 65%, and obtain a waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane with an average pore size of 0.8 pm.

[0121] S4: 13 mg lysozyme and 1 wt% polyamino acid superabsorbent material (Rencheng City Fenghui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in water, mixed uniformly, stirred at room temperature for 6 h, washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water, and after washing was completed, the sample was dispersed in ultrapure water to form a suspension. The prepared suspension was subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 45 KHz and a power of 20 W for 10 min at a temperature of 35°C to form a uniformly dispersed dispersion liquid, which was placed in a refrigerator for freezing, and then the frozen sample was placed in a freeze dryer for freeze drying at -40°C for 24 h to prepare a gel as a bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer.

[0122] S5: The unidirectional moisture-conducting film, the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer, and the waterproof and moisture-permeable film were sequentially pressed and ironed at a temperature of 100°C for 22 s by a hot press using a polyacrylic adhesive to prepare a composite fiber-based protective material.

[0123] Example 2

[0124] The present embodiment provides a composite fiber-based protective material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0125] S1: Prepare a unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: 9.6 g of polycaprolactone was dissolved in 50.4 g of acetone to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 16 wt%, which was uniformly stirred for 16 h until it was uniformly stirred, and was used as a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution for standby; 7.2 g of cellulose acetate was dissolved in 52.8 g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 12 wt%, which was uniformly stirred for 18 h until it was uniformly stirred, and was used as a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution for standby.

[0126] S2: Perform electrospinning: use oil mirror paper as a receiving substrate, and electrospin the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as a bottom layer to form a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, with a voltage of 47 kV, a receiving distance of 22 cm, a perfusion speed of 3 mL / h, a temperature of 26°C, and a relative humidity of 83%; after placing the spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane for a period of time to volatilize the residual solvent, electrospin the hydrophilic electrospinning solution as an outer layer on the completed nanofiber membrane, with a voltage of 46 kV, a receiving distance of 22 cm, a perfusion speed of 3 mL / h, a temperature of 26°C, and a relative humidity of 82%; and place the obtained double-layer nanofiber membrane in a drying box for drying treatment for 2 h to remove residual solvents, wherein the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 11 μm, and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.2 μm.

[0127] S3: Spinning waterproof and moisture-permeable film: 17wt% electrospinning solution was prepared by dissolving polyglycolic acid and PMHS in hexafluoroisopropanol at a mass ratio of 5:5, and an optical brightening paper was used as a receiving substrate. The prepared electrospinning solution was electrospun to form a waterproof and moisture-permeable film. The spun waterproof and moisture-permeable film was placed for a period of time to volatilize the residual solvent. The voltage was 18kV, the receiving distance was 20cm, the infusion speed was 1mL / h, the temperature was 55℃, and the relative humidity was 75%. The average pore size of the waterproof and moisture-permeable film was 1.1μm.

[0128] S4: 10wt% nisin and 1wt% chitosan superabsorbent material (Rencheng City Fenghui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in water, mixed uniformly, stirred at room temperature for 6h, washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water, and then dispersed in ultrapure water to form a suspension after washing. The prepared suspension was subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 46kHz and a power of 20W for 15min at a temperature of 40℃ to form a uniformly dispersed dispersion liquid. The dispersion liquid was placed in a refrigerator and then placed in a freeze dryer at -35℃ for 26h to prepare a gel as a bacteriostatic and sweat-absorbing layer.

[0129] S5: The spun unidirectional moisture-conducting film, the bacteriostatic and sweat-absorbing layer, and the waterproof and moisture-permeable film were sequentially pressed at a temperature of 105℃ for 25s by a hot press using a polyacrylic adhesive to prepare a composite fiber-based protective material.

[0130] Example 3

[0131] The present embodiment provides a composite fiber-based protective material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0132] S1: Prepare a unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: 10.8g of polylactic acid was dissolved in 49.2g of N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a 18wt% spinning solution, which was uniformly stirred for 18h until uniform stirring, and was used as a hydrophobic fiber film solution; 5.4g of polylysine was dissolved in 54.6g of ethanol to prepare a 9wt% spinning solution, which was uniformly stirred for 15h until uniform stirring, and was used as a hydrophilic fiber film solution.

[0133] S2: electrospinning was carried out: with oil light paper as the receiving substrate, the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution was electrospun as the bottom layer to form a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, the voltage was 47 kV, the receiving distance was 21 cm, the perfusion speed was 4 mL / h, the temperature was 25°C, and the relative humidity was 85%; after the hydrophobic nanofiber membrane was placed for a period of time, the residual solvent was volatilized, the hydrophilic electrospinning solution was electrospun as the outer layer on the above-mentioned completed nanofiber membrane, the voltage was 48 kV, the receiving distance was 24 cm, the perfusion speed was 3.5 mL / h, the temperature was 25°C, and the relative humidity was 81%; the double-layer nanofiber membrane obtained by spinning was placed in a drying box for drying treatment for 2 h to remove the residual solvent, wherein the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane was 16 μm, and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane was 2.1 μm.

[0134] S3: waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane was spun: cellulose acetate (Wuhan Xingzhengcheng Technology Co., Ltd.) and HDTMS were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a mass ratio of 5:5 to prepare a 20wt% electrospinning solution, and an oil light paper was used as a receiving substrate to electrospin the prepared electrospinning solution to form a waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane; after the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane was placed for a period of time, the residual solvent was volatilized, the voltage was 21 kV, the receiving distance was 23 cm, the perfusion speed was 1.5 mL / h, the temperature was 50°C, and the relative humidity was 85%; the average pore size of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane was 1.4 μm.

[0135] S4: 17 mg of nano-zinc oxide (Hangzhou Zheming New Material Co., Ltd.) and 10 mg of methyl methacrylate modified chitin powder were dissolved in NaOH, and then a formaldehyde crosslinking agent was added and fully mixed and uniform, stirred at room temperature for 6 h, washed with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water, and after washing was completed, the sample was dispersed in ultrapure water to form a suspension. The prepared suspension was ultrasonicated at an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz, a power of 20 W, an ultrasonic radiation time of 20 min, and an ultrasonic temperature of 35°C to form a uniformly dispersed dispersion liquid, which was placed in a refrigerator for freezing, and then the frozen sample was placed in a freeze dryer for freezing drying at -30°C for 24 h to prepare a gel as an antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer.

[0136] S5: the unidirectional moisture-conducting membrane, the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer, and the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane were sequentially pressed by a hot press at a pressing temperature of 105°C for 30 s using a polyacrylic adhesive to prepare a composite fiber-based protective material.

[0137] Comparative Example 1

[0138] This comparative example provides a composite fiber-based material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0139] S1: preparing unidirectional moisture management electrospinning solution: dissolving polylactic acid in N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 18wt%, uniformly stirring for 20h until uniform stirring, for use as a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution; dissolving polylysine in ethanol to prepare a spinning solution with a mass fraction of 9wt%, uniformly stirring for 19h until uniform stirring, for use as a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution.

[0140] S2: electrospinning: using oil light paper as a receiving substrate, electrospinning the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as a bottom layer to form a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, voltage 45kV, receiving distance 22cm, infusion speed 3mL / h, temperature 25℃, relative humidity 85%, then placing the spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane for a period of time, volatilizing the residual solvent, electrospinning the hydrophilic electrospinning solution as an outer layer on the above completed nanofiber membrane, voltage 48kV, receiving distance 24cm, infusion speed 3.5mL / h, temperature 25℃, relative humidity 81%, placing the obtained double-layer nanofiber membrane in a drying box for drying treatment for 2h to remove residual solvent.

[0141] S3: dissolving 17mg of nanoparticles and 10mg of modified chitin powder in NaOH, then adding formaldehyde crosslinking agent, fully mixing and uniform, stirring at room temperature for 6h, washing with a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and water, after washing, redispersing in ultrapure water to form a suspension. The prepared suspension is subjected to ultrasonic treatment, ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, power is 20W, ultrasonic radiation time is 20min, ultrasonic temperature is 35℃, forming a uniformly dispersed dispersion liquid, placing in a refrigerator for freezing, then placing the frozen sample in a freeze dryer, freezing at-30℃ for 24h, preparing a gel as an antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer.

[0142] S4: preparing a composite fiber base material by laminating the unidirectional moisture management film and the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer in sequence.

[0143] The difference between the present example and example 3 is that no waterproof and moisture-permeable film is prepared, and the performance of the prepared composite base material is tested, and the water permeability resistance is obviously decreased to 56kPa, and the moisture permeation flux is 11000g / m 2 / d.

[0144] Comparative Example 2

[0145] The present comparative example provides a composite fiber base material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0146] S1: Prepare unidirectional moisture-conducting electrospinning solution: dissolve polylactic acid in N,N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a 18wt% spinning solution, uniformly stir for 20h until uniform stirring, and use as a hydrophobic fiber membrane solution for standby; dissolve polylysine in ethanol to prepare a 9wt% spinning solution, uniformly stir for 19h until uniform stirring, and use as a hydrophilic fiber membrane solution for standby.

[0147] S2: Perform electrospinning: use oil mirror paper as a receiving substrate, electrospin the prepared hydrophobic electrospinning solution as a bottom layer to form a hydrophobic nanofiber membrane, voltage 45kV, receiving distance 22cm, infusion speed 3mL / h, temperature 25℃, relative humidity 85%, then place the spun hydrophobic nanofiber membrane for a period of time, evaporate the residual solvent, and electrospin the hydrophilic electrospinning solution as an outer layer on the completed nanofiber membrane, voltage 45kV, receiving distance 24cm, infusion speed 3mL / h, temperature 25℃, relative humidity 80%, and place the obtained double-layer nanofiber membrane in a drying box for 2h of drying treatment to remove residual solvent.

[0148] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that only a unidirectional moisture-conducting film is used, and the prepared material is tested for performance. There is no antibacterial sweat-absorbing layer, and no antibacterial component exists. Not only can it not meet the antibacterial requirements of the national standard, but also when bacteria grow and reproduce and come into contact with the human skin, it can cause skin itching, red spots, etc., and thus affect the comfort. Moreover, the moisture permeation flux is only 12100g / m 2 / d, the water resistance is 35kPa, and the blood penetration resistance cannot meet the standard of level 5, which is far lower than the moisture permeation flux and water resistance of the three-layer structure.

[0149] Comparative Example 3

[0150] This comparative example provides a composite fiber-based material, and the specific preparation method steps are as follows:

[0151] S1: Spinning of waterproof and moisture-permeable film: dissolve cellulose-derived polyurethane and fluorine-free waterproof agent in N,N-dimethylformamide according to a mass ratio of 5:5 to prepare a 20wt% electrospinning solution.

[0152] S2: Use oil mirror paper as a receiving substrate, and electrospin the prepared electrospinning solution to form a waterproof and moisture-permeable film. Then, place the spun waterproof and moisture-permeable film for a period of time, evaporate the residual solvent, voltage 21kV, receiving distance 23cm, infusion speed 1.5mL / h, temperature 50℃, relative humidity 85%, and obtain the final material.

[0153] The comparative example only uses a waterproof and moisture-permeable film. The prepared composite base material is tested for performance, and the water permeability resistance is 78 kPa, which is poor compared with the original three-layer composite structure, and the moisture permeation flux is 9700 g / m 2 Without a bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer and without a bacteriostatic component, it cannot meet the bacteriostatic requirements of the national standard.

[0154] Test Example

[0155] The composite fiber base protective materials prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are tested for performance, respectively.

[0156] The performance test method and standard used in this test example are as follows:

[0157] Water permeability resistance: As the main indicator of waterproof performance, it is represented by the static water pressure that the fabric can withstand. The test uses the relevant test standards of the national standard GB / T 4744-2013.

[0158] The specific steps are as follows: cut three 18x18cm square sample fiber membranes on the sample fiber membrane, place them on the static water pressure tester disc position and cover them with a black cloth, tighten the ring to compress the fiber membrane, set the parameters to 6000Pa / min, start the test, stop the test when the third drop of water appears on the black cloth, record the value, replace the fiber membrane for testing, and take the average value of the three test results after the test is completed, which is the static water pressure value of the fiber membrane.

[0159] Moisture permeation flux: The relevant test standards of the national standard GB / T 12704-2009 are used.

[0160] The specific steps are as follows: first pour about 34mL of deionized water into the moisture permeation cup, cut the sample fiber membrane into a fiber membrane with the same size as the moisture permeation cup, place the fiber membrane on the moisture permeation cup (hydrophobic layer facing down), cover the rubber ring and gasket and fix them with the nut. After fixing, set the instrument parameters: humidity 50%, constant temperature 38℃, air flow speed 0.44m / s. When the humidity and temperature in the constant temperature box meet the requirements, put the moisture permeation cup into the constant temperature box, and balance for 1h, then quickly weigh the moisture permeation cup, record it as m1, then immediately put it into the test instrument for 1h, weigh the moisture permeation cup again, record it as m2. Finally, calculate the moisture permeation flux of each fiber membrane according to the moisture permeation flux formula WVT = (S(m2) x Δm(g)) / (t(h) x 24h / d) 2 )

[0161] Blood penetration resistance: The relevant test standards of national standard GB 19082-2009 are adopted. Synthetic blood CTWEEN-80 with surface tension of (42-60)*10-5N / cm is used, the minimum sample size is 75mm*75mm, 60ml of synthetic blood is introduced into the measuring pool, and stays for 5min, and the surface penetration is observed after 13.8*10 3 pa (2psi) pressure for 1min, and the surface penetration is observed after 5min. It meets the good blood barrier performance, no leakage occurs, and good biological performance is achieved, i.e. it meets GB 19082-2009.

[0162] Surface moisture resistance: The relevant test standards of national standard GB / T 4745-1997 are adopted.

[0163] The specific steps are as follows: at least 180mm of test sample is taken at different parts of the material, the sample is clamped by a sample clamp, placed on a support with the front face upward, 250ml of water is injected into the funnel, and the water is continuously poured, the clamp is taken away together with the sample after the pouring is stopped, the fabric is knocked twice gently against a hard object with the front face downward and almost horizontal, and the sample is still on the clamp after the knocking, and the rating is made according to the observed wetting degree of the sample.

[0164] Electrostatic property: The relevant test standards of national standard GB / T 12703-1991 are adopted. The charge amount is measured by a Faraday cylinder after the sample is rubbed against a nylon standard cloth in a specific manner under the specified conditions, and the charge surface density (μC / m 2 ) is calculated according to the sample size.

[0165] Total number of bacterial colonies: The relevant test standards of national standard GB 15979-2002 are adopted. The supernatant is taken after the physiological saline sample is naturally settled for colony counting, 5 plates are inoculated, 1ml of sample is added to each plate, then 15-20ml of melted nutrient agar medium cooled to about 45℃ is poured into each plate, mixed uniformly, and after the agar is solidified, the plate is turned over and placed in a 35℃ incubator for 48h, and the number of colonies on the plate is calculated.

[0166] Bacteriostatic rate: The relevant test standards of national standard GB 15979-2002 are adopted.

[0167] The test bacteria 24h slant culture is washed with PBS to prepare a bacterial suspension (the required concentration is: 100μl is dropped on the control sample, and the recovered bacterial number is 1*10 4 ~9*10 4cfu / tablet). Take 4 pieces of test samples (2.0 cm*3.0 cm) and 4 pieces of control samples (homogeneous material with the test sample, same size, but without antibacterial material, and sterilized) and place them in 4 sterilized plates. Take the above bacterial solution and add 100 μl to each test sample and control sample, respectively, and evenly distribute to start timing for 2, 5, 10, and 20 minutes. Use sterile forceps to put the samples into test tubes containing 5 ml of the corresponding neutralizing agent, mix thoroughly, dilute appropriately, then take 2-3 dilutions, respectively, and take 0.5 ml, respectively, and place them in two plates, use nutrient agar medium (bacteria) or sabouraud agar medium (yeast) at 40-45°C to pour 15 ml, rotate the plate to make it fully uniform, then turn the plate over, and culture at 35°C±2°C for 48 hours (bacteria) or 72 hours (yeast), and count the viable bacterial colonies. Repeat the test 3 times, and calculate the antibacterial rate according to the formula: X=(A-B) / A*100%.

[0168] Coliform bacteria detection method: take 5 mL of sample solution and inoculate 50 mL of lactose bile salt fermentation tube, and place it at 35°C±2°C for 24 hours. If no acid or gas is produced, report the coliform bacteria as negative. If acid and gas are produced, streak the sample on eosin methylene blue agar plates and place them at 35°C±2°C for 18-24 hours to observe the colony morphology on the plates. Typical coliform colonies are black purple or red purple, round, with neat edges, smooth and moist surface, and often have a metallic luster. Some are purple black, without or with slight metallic luster, or pink, with a deeper center. Take 1-2 suspected coliform colonies for gram staining and microscopic examination, and inoculate the lactose fermentation tube and place it at 35°C±2°C for 24 hours to observe the gas production. If the lactose bile salt fermentation tube produces acid and gas, the lactose fermentation tube produces acid and gas, and there are typical coliform colonies on the eosin methylene blue plate, and the gram staining is negative, it is reported that the sample detects coliform bacteria.

[0169] Staphylococcus aureus detection method: take 5 mL of sample solution and add it to 50 mL of SCDLP culture solution, mix thoroughly, and place it at 35°C±2°C for 24 hours. Take 1-2 inoculation rings from the above enrichment solution and streak them on blood agar medium and place them at 35°C±2°C for 24-48 hours. The colonies of the bacteria on the blood agar plate are golden yellow, large and prominent, round, opaque, smooth, and have a hemolytic ring around them. If there are suspected colonies growing on the agar plate, microscopic examination shows gram-positive staphylococci, and they can ferment mannitol to produce acid, and the plasma coagulase test is positive, it is reported that the sample detects Staphylococcus aureus.

[0170] The method for detecting hemolytic streptococcus: 5 mL of sample solution is added to 50 mL glucose bouillon, and cultured at 35℃±2℃ for 24 hours. The culture is streaked on blood agar plate, and cultured at 35℃±2℃ for 24 hours to observe the colony characteristics. Hemolytic streptococcus is grayish white, semi-transparent or opaque, needle-like protrusion, smooth surface, neat edge, and colorless transparent hemolytic ring around. Microscopic examination shows that the gram-positive streptococcus is arranged in chains, and hemolytic ring is observed on the blood plate, and streptokinase and bacillus skin test are positive, so the sample can be reported to detect hemolytic streptococcus.

[0171] Filtering efficiency: the national standard "GB 19082-2009" related test standard is used, which is the percentage of the particle matter in the air filtered by the protective clothing under the specified conditions. Chlorinated aerosol or similar solid aerosol [particle number median diameter (CMD) 1: 0.075 μm±0.020 μm; standard deviation of particle distribution: ≤1.86; concentration: ≤200 mg / m 3 The test is carried out. The air flow is set to 15 L / min±2 L / min, and the cross-sectional area of the air flow is 100 cm 2 .

[0172] Table 1: performance test results of the composite fiber-based protective material prepared in examples 1-3

[0173] Water resistance (kPa) Moisture permeation flux (g / m 2 / d) Blood penetration resistance / grade Surface wetness resistance / grade Example 1 135 18000 5 3 Example 2 137 17100 5 3 Example 3 133 18800 5 3 Electrostatic properties Total bacterial count Bacteriostatic rate (%) Filtering efficiency (%) Example 1 0.3 ＜20 99 97 Example 2 0.4 ＜30 98 99 Example 3 0.4 ＜20 99 96

[0174] According to the results of Table 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the material cannot achieve its protective property, comfort and antibacterial property without any one of the layers. For example, the unidirectional moisture transfer film can spontaneously transfer sweat from the hydrophobic layer to the hydrophilic layer, keep the skin surface dry, and reduce the discomfort caused by the accumulation of sweat. The antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer not only provides antibacterial property, but also absorbs sweat and steam in the unidirectional moisture transfer layer, further improving the wearing comfort. The waterproof and moisture-permeable film layer not only improves the waterproof property and blood penetration resistance of the material, so that the material has better protective property, but also transmits the steam of the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer, so that the material has moisture permeability and air permeability.

[0175] The composite fiber-based protective material prepared in the examples has good performance in water penetration resistance, moisture permeation flux, blood penetration resistance, surface moisture resistance, static performance, antibacterial rate and filtering efficiency, and meets the standards. Therefore, the composite fiber-based protective material prepared by combining the unidirectional moisture transfer film, the antibacterial and sweat-absorbing layer and the waterproof and moisture-permeable film through hot printing and pressing has excellent moisture permeability, air permeability, antibacterial property and biodegradability.

[0176] The above has described the embodiments of the present application in detail, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application. In addition, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A composite fiber-based protective material, characterized by, The composite fiber-based protective material comprises: a unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane, a bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer, and a waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane arranged in sequence; the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane comprises a hydrophobic fiber membrane and a hydrophilic fiber membrane sandwiched between the hydrophobic fiber membrane and the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer; the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is larger than that of the hydrophilic fiber membrane; the average pore size of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 10-18 microns; and the average pore size of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 1.0-2.3 microns. The bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer is prepared from a raw material comprising a bacteriostatic agent and a high-molecular water-absorbing material; the bacteriostatic agent is selected from at least one of lysozyme, nisin, nano-zinc oxide, propolis, extract of gallnut, and a synthetic product of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and potato starch; and the high-molecular water-absorbing material is selected from at least one of polyamino acid, modified chitin, cellulose, sodium alginate, or chitosan. The waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is prepared from a raw material comprising a polymer matrix and a hydrophobic agent; the polymer matrix is selected from at least one of polyglycolic acid and cellulose acetate; the hydrophobic agent is selected from at least one of polymethylhydrogen siloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, or hexadecyl trimethoxysilane; the mass ratio of the polymer to the hydrophobic agent is 3:7-6:4; and the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is prepared by an electrospinning process.

2. The composite fiber-based protective material according to claim 1, wherein, The average pore size of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is 0.8-1.7 microns.

3. The composite fiber-based protective material of claim 1, wherein, The total thickness of the composite fiber-based protective material is 2.0-3.2 millimeters; the thickness of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is 30-50 microns; the thickness of the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer is 2.0-3.0 millimeters; and the thickness of the waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane is 10-30 microns.

4. The composite fiber-based protective material of claim 1, wherein, The unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber membrane is prepared by an electrospinning process from a hydrophobic fiber layer and a hydrophilic fiber layer arranged in sequence.

5. The composite fiber-based barrier material of claim 4, wherein, The raw material for preparing the hydrophilic fiber membrane comprises at least one of polyglycolide, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyvinyl alcohol, and polylysine.

6. The composite fiber-based barrier material of claim 4, wherein, The raw material for preparing the hydrophobic fiber membrane comprises at least one of polylactic acid and polycaprolactone.

7. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 4, wherein, In the electrospinning process, the solvent for preparing the hydrophilic fiber layer is selected from at least one of acetone, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

8. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 4, wherein, In the electrospinning process, the concentration of the spinning solution of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is 6-14 wt%.

9. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 4, wherein, In the electrospinning process, the solvent for preparing the hydrophobic fiber layer comprises at least one of trichloromethane, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acetone.

10. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 4, wherein, In the electrospinning process, the concentration of the spinning solution of the hydrophobic fiber membrane is 12-18 wt%.

11. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 4, wherein, The electrospinning parameters of the hydrophilic fiber layer include a voltage of 45-50 kV, a receiving distance of 20-25 cm, a perfusion speed of 1-2 mL / h, a temperature of 25-27℃, and a relative humidity of 40-45%.

12. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 4, wherein, The electrospinning parameters of the hydrophobic fiber layer include: voltage 45kV~50kV, receiving distance 20cm~24cm, perfusion speed 3mL / h~4mL / h, temperature 25℃~27℃, relative humidity 80%~85%.

13. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 1, wherein, The solvent of the polymer matrix is at least one of hexafluoroisopropanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.

14. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 1, wherein, The electrospinning parameters of the waterproof and moisture-permeable film include: voltage 16kV~22kV, receiving distance 20cm~24cm, perfusion speed 1mL / h~2mL / h, temperature 45℃~65℃, relative humidity 65%~85%.

15. The composite fiber-based shielding material of claim 1, wherein, The preparation method of the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer includes the following steps: mixing and stirring the bacteriostatic agent and the high-molecular water-absorbing material to obtain a suspension, performing ultrasonic treatment, and freeze-drying to obtain the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer.

16. A method of producing the composite fiber-based protective material according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by, The preparation method includes the following steps: The preparation raw materials of the unidirectional moisture-conducting fiber film, the bacteriostatic sweat-absorbing layer and the waterproof and moisture-permeable film are sequentially stacked, and the composite fiber-based protective material is prepared through a lamination process.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the composite fiber-based protective material is prepared by a process comprising: The pressing temperature of the laminating process is 100-150℃; the pressing time of the laminating process is 20-30s; the laminating process further comprises using an adhesive; the adhesive comprises at least one of polyacrylic adhesive and polyurethane hot melt adhesive; the areal density of the adhesive is 12-20g / m 2 . 2 .

18. A medical protective garment, characterized by The material of the medical protective clothing includes the composite fiber-based protective material according to any one of claims 1~15.