Offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment and penetration method

Abstract

This invention discloses a marine combined casing static cone penetration testing (PCT) device, comprising: a base with pre-drilled holes, an outer frame, a lifting power structure, and an upper clamping power structure; further comprising: an upper slewing power structure disposed above the outer frame, an upper clamping power structure disposed within the outer frame, and a lower slewing power structure; the upper and lower slewing power structures each include: a clamping device for clamping the casing or probe rod, and a power device for driving the casing or probe rod to rotate; wherein the clamping holes for clamping the casing or probe rod on the upper, lower, and upper clamping power structures are coaxially arranged with the pre-drilled holes. This invention is an equipment and drilling device for shallow seabed static cone penetration testing on small-tonnage construction vessels, and can meet the operational requirements for static cone penetration exploration on seabeds containing sandstone layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine exploration equipment technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a marine combined casing static cone penetration test device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Offshore wind farm construction requires a detailed understanding of the soil characteristics of each seabed layer in the project area, to determine the engineering properties of each soil layer, and to establish pile foundation parameters. The offshore static cone penetration test (CPPT) is a fast, economical, and widely applicable in-situ measurement method for seabed soil that requires no sampling. Currently, the domestic wind power market is developing rapidly, with wind power projects generally located in water depths below 40 meters. However, as the wind power market continues to grow, it is gradually expanding into deeper waters, reaching depths of approximately 70-100 meters. In deeper waters, the mechanical loading and unloading of probes is complex, and the entire equipment is large and structurally intricate, making it unsuitable for small construction vessels. In near-shore waters, where geological structures are often composed of silt, mud, sand, and sandstone layers, static cone penetration testing can yield inaccurate data for deep sections and complex geological conditions. In such cases, medium to large-sized drilling vessels with rigs are required, resulting in high construction costs and long construction periods. Therefore, designing a device that can be widely used in complex geological conditions in nearshore areas, and can also be used by small construction vessels to conduct static surveys in deeper waters, can reduce construction costs and speed up the construction cycle.

[0003] Patent application number 202211382180.5 discloses a seabed-type static cone penetration test equipment, including a base, a probe power unit, a compression wheel, a displacement power structure, a rotation power structure, a casing power unit, a clamping power structure, and a lifting power structure. It combines the method of inserting the casing with the method of inserting the probe with the compression wheel, realizing the function of inserting both the probe and the casing on one piece of equipment. The penetration force after the combination of the two penetration methods is greater than the penetration force of the single hydraulic cylinder penetration or compression wheel penetration, solving the problem of insufficient penetration force and inability to insert the probe after the casing of the seabed-type static cone penetration test equipment.

[0004] However, the aforementioned seabed static cone penetration test equipment can only perform direct penetration of the casing and cannot achieve rotary drilling penetration of the casing, so it is difficult to adapt to the seabed penetration environment with sandstone interlayers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a combined casing static cone penetration test (PCT) device and method for use by small-tonnage construction vessels in shallow seabed static cone penetration operations and drilling. This device and method can meet the operational requirements for static cone penetration exploration on seabeds containing sandstone layers, and can also be used for static cone penetration exploration in deeper sea areas. It is suitable for small domestic engineering vessels that can perform both casing penetration and probe penetration.

[0007] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a marine combined casing static cone penetration test device is provided, comprising: a base with a pre-drilled hole, an outer frame disposed on the base, a lifting power structure disposed on the base and located within the outer frame, and an upper clamping power structure disposed within the outer frame and located above the lifting power structure, and further comprising: an upper slewing power structure disposed above the outer frame, and a lower slewing power structure disposed within the outer frame and located above the upper clamping power structure;

[0008] Both the upper and lower rotary power structures include: a clamping device for clamping the casing or probe and a power device for driving the casing or probe to rotate.

[0009] The clamping holes on the upper rotary power structure, lower rotary power structure and upper clamping power structure for clamping the sleeve or probe are coaxially arranged with the reserved hole.

[0010] Preferably, the clamping device includes:

[0011] The outer casing has a rotary gear inside. The central hole of the rotary gear has multiple inclined grooves around its circumference. The inclined grooves are radially opened along the central hole of the rotary gear. Each inclined groove has a wedge-shaped clamping block that can slide up and down within the inclined groove. The central hole of the rotary gear is used for the passage of the sleeve and the probe.

[0012] A clamping cylinder is provided on the upper part of the housing. The lower end of the hollow piston rod of the clamping cylinder is in close contact with the wedge-shaped clamping block at the upper end of the rotary gear, so as to apply a downward force to multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks, thereby causing multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks to move closer to each other along the inclined slide groove to form a clamping hole for clamping sleeve or probe.

[0013] A disc spring is disposed inside the housing and coaxial with the clamping hole. The disc spring is located at the lower end of the rotary gear to apply an upward restoring force to the plurality of wedge clamping blocks. Under the action of the restoring force, the wedge clamping blocks move upward along the inclined groove and away from the sleeve or probe, so that the wedge clamping blocks release the sleeve or probe.

[0014] The power unit is a rotary motor, which provides rotary driving force to the rotary gear through gear transmission.

[0015] Preferably, the base is further provided with a lower clamping power structure for clamping the sleeve and the probe, and the clamping hole of the lower clamping power structure is coaxially arranged with the clamping hole of the upper clamping power structure.

[0016] Preferably, both the upper clamping power structure and the lower clamping power structure include: two clamping cylinders arranged opposite each other, and the piston rods of the two clamping cylinders are connected to clamping parts at their ends. The piston rods of the two clamping cylinders move synchronously in the horizontal direction, causing the clamping parts to move closer or further away from each other. When the two clamping parts move closer to each other, they form a clamping hole for clamping the sleeve or probe.

[0017] Preferably, the lifting power structure includes two lifting cylinders, the tops of which are connected by a crossbeam. The upper clamping power structure is mounted on the crossbeam. The piston rods of the two lifting cylinders move synchronously in the vertical direction, driving the upper clamping power structure and the lower rotary power structure to move up and down. The crossbeam has a through hole coaxial with the clamping hole of the upper clamping power structure, so that the sleeve or probe can pass through.

[0018] Preferably, an upper monitoring camera is provided on the outer frame to monitor the working status of the lower slewing power structure.

[0019] Preferably, a lower monitoring camera is provided on the outer frame to monitor the working status of the lower clamping power structure.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for rotating and penetrating a seabed-type static cone penetration test casing, using the aforementioned seabed-type static cone penetration test casing equipment, the penetration method comprising:

[0021] Step 1: Install the drill bit at the lower end of the casing, and pass the casing through the upper rotary power structure, the lower rotary power structure, the upper clamping power structure, the lifting power structure and the base;

[0022] Step 2: Using the clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure, the hollow piston rod applies a downward force to multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks, thereby bringing the multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks closer together to form clamping holes, and then clamping the sleeve.

[0023] Step 3: Use the rotary motor of the lower rotary power structure to drive the rotary gear to rotate, which in turn drives the sleeve clamped by multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks to rotate.

[0024] Step 4: Using the lifting power structure, the lower rotating power structure is slowly lowered, thereby allowing the casing to be drilled into the seabed;

[0025] Step 5: Stop the operation of the rotary motor and hollow cylinder of the lower rotary power structure. The disc spring of the lower rotary power structure drives the multiple wedge clamping blocks of the lower rotary power structure to reset upward, thereby releasing the clamping of the multiple wedge clamping blocks on the sleeve. Using the lifting power structure, the lower rotary power structure is slowly raised.

[0026] Step 6: Repeat steps 2-5 to complete the penetration of the casing into the seabed.

[0027] This invention also provides an automatic splicing method for seabed-type static cone penetration casing at the seabed surface, using the aforementioned seabed-type static cone penetration casing equipment. The splicing method includes:

[0028] Step A: Insert the upper sleeve to be connected into the upper rotary power structure, and use the upper rotary power structure to clamp the upper sleeve.

[0029] Step B: Use the lower rotary power structure to clamp the lower casing that has penetrated the seabed and needs to be extended. Use the upper rotary power structure to drive the upper casing to rotate. Use the lower rotary power structure to drive the lower casing to rotate in the opposite direction to the upper casing. Use the lifting power structure to raise the lower rotary power structure, so that the lower casing approaches the upper casing, thereby completing the coaxial threaded connection between the upper and lower casings.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for penetrating a seabed-type static cone penetration test probe in a casing, which, after the casing has penetrated the seabed, further includes:

[0031] Step a: Lower the joint of the upper and lower sleeves above the clamping hole of the lower clamping power structure. Use the lower clamping power structure to clamp the lower sleeve, and use the pressing cylinder of the lower rotary power structure to clamp the upper sleeve. Use the rotary motor of the lower rotary power structure to loosen the upper and lower sleeves. At the same time, use the lifting power structure to slowly raise the lower rotary power structure, thereby separating the upper and lower sleeves.

[0032] Step b: Stop the operation of the rotary motor and clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure, so that the multiple wedge clamping blocks can loosen their grip on the upper sleeve, and then remove the upper sleeve;

[0033] Step c: Insert the probe to be inserted into the lower clamping power structure;

[0034] Step d: Use the lower clamping power structure to clamp the probe rod, and use the lifting power structure to slowly lower the lower clamping power structure so that the probe rod penetrates into the casing.

[0035] Step e: Use the lower clamping power structure to release the probe rod, and use the lifting power structure to raise the lower clamping power structure.

[0036] Step f, repeat steps d to e, to complete the penetration of the probe into the casing.

[0037] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. This invention changes the construction process of complex soil layer exploration. According to traditional methods, exploration of sandstone layers requires the use of medium to large construction vessels equipped with drilling rigs and drilling exploration methods. Compared with similar drilling rigs, the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment provided by this invention has a simple structure, is lightweight, and has the same function. At the same time, it combines the function of probe penetration, realizing the selection of drilling and static exploration processes, reducing equipment investment, improving the efficiency of exploration work, reducing the equipment requirements of the soil layers being explored, and is suitable for using small construction vessels to replace medium and large construction vessels for exploration construction.

[0039] 2. The offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment of the present invention can not only complete the rotary drilling of the casing, but also automatically tighten and loosen the casing or probe on the seabed. This eliminates the need for complex and bulky equipment on large construction vessels to handle the loading and unloading of underwater casings (probes), reducing the investment in large and complex equipment. When the casing length is insufficient and needs to be extended, it can also be extended by connecting to the casing that has already penetrated the seabed, making it more adaptable to the complex and ever-changing seabed penetration environment. Furthermore, based on this function, the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment can be applied to seabed static cone penetration in deeper waters.

[0040] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a side view of the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper rotary power structure described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper clamping power structure and the lifting power structure described in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower clamping power structure described in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0047] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a marine combined casing static cone penetration device, including: a base 7 with a reserved hole, an outer frame 1 set on the base 7, a lifting power structure 12 set on the base 7 and located within the outer frame, and an upper clamping power structure 4 set within the outer frame and located above the lifting power structure 12; and further including: an upper slewing power structure 2 set above the outer frame, and a lower slewing power structure 3 set within the outer frame and located above the upper clamping power structure 4.

[0049] Both the upper rotary power structure 2 and the lower rotary power structure 3 include: a clamping device for clamping the sleeve 9 or the probe 10 and a power device for driving the sleeve 9.

[0050] The clamping holes on the upper rotary power structure 2, the lower rotary power structure 3, and the upper clamping power structure 4 for clamping the sleeve or probe 10 are coaxially arranged with the reserved hole.

[0051] Specifically, the casing used for static cone penetration testing on the seabed described in this embodiment has an external thread at one end and an internal thread at the other end. Multiple casings can be spliced ​​together to form a longer casing.

[0052] Specifically, the base 7 has a pre-drilled hole at its center, and a skirt is installed under the base 7, allowing the base 7 to be stably placed on the seabed. During use, the casing 9 or probe 10 is inserted into the seabed from top to bottom through the pre-drilled hole in the base 7. The base 7 is the foundation of the entire offshore combined casing static cone penetration test (DCPT) system, stabilizing the center of gravity of the system. The skirt increases the contact area between the base 7 and the seabed.

[0053] Specifically, the upper slewing power structure 2 and the lower slewing power structure 3 are basically the same, and the clamping device includes:

[0054] The outer casing contains a rotating gear 204 internally connected to it. The central hole of the rotating gear 204 is circular, and multiple inclined grooves are arranged around the circumference of the central hole. These inclined grooves are radially opened along the central hole of the rotating gear 204. Each inclined groove contains a wedge-shaped clamping block 203, which can slide up and down within the inclined groove.

[0055] A clamping cylinder is installed on the top of the outer casing. The clamping cylinder is a hollow cylinder. The hollow piston rod of the clamping cylinder can pass through the sleeve and the probe rod. Hydraulic oil enters from the oil inlet 201 of the clamping cylinder. The hollow piston rod 202 is subjected to downward force. The lower part of the hollow piston 202 is close to the upper part of multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 to apply a downward force to the multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203. This causes the multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 to slide downward in the inclined slide groove and approach each other to form the clamping hole of the clamping sleeve 9 or the probe rod 10, so that the sleeve 9 or the probe rod 10 is clamped.

[0056] The bottom of the outer casing is provided with a through hole for the sleeve 9 or the rod 10. Here, the central hole, clamping hole and through hole of the hollow piston rod 202 are coaxial. When in use, the sleeve 9 or the probe 10 passes through the clamping holes of the upper rotary power structure 2 and the lower rotary power structure 3, the clamping hole of the upper clamping power structure 4 and the reserved hole of the base.

[0057] A disc spring 205, disposed within the housing and coaxial with the clamping hole, is located at the lower end of the central hole of the rotary gear 204 to apply an upward restoring force to the plurality of wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203. This restoring force refers to the force exerted by the lower end of the hollow piston rod 202 pressing against the upper ends of the plurality of wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203, compressing the disc spring 205. When the clamping cylinder stops working, the downward force of the hollow piston rod 202 disappears, and the disc spring 205 applies an upward elastic force to the plurality of wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203, causing the wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 to slide upward within the inclined groove, thus releasing the sleeve or probe. In fact, due to structural reasons, a stepped bushing is also provided between the disc spring 205 and the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203. The upper end of the stepped bushing is inserted into the lower end of the hole of the rotary gear 204 and then abuts against the lower end of the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203. The middle step surface of the stepped bushing is in close contact with the upper end of the disc spring 205, and the lower end of the disc spring 205 abuts against the bottom of the outer shell.

[0058] Specifically, the power devices in the upper rotary power structure 2 and the lower rotary power structure 3 are both rotary motors 207, which provide rotary driving force to the rotary gear 204 through gear transmission. Here, the rotary motor 207 can be a hydraulic motor. A motor gear 206 is provided on the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 207. The motor gear 206 meshes with the rotary gear 204, and the hydraulic motor transmits the rotational power to the rotary gear 204 through the motor gear 206.

[0059] Specifically, the upper clamping power structure 4 includes: two clamping cylinders 401 arranged opposite to each other, and each of the piston rods of the two clamping cylinders is connected to a clamping part 402. The piston rods of the two clamping cylinders move synchronously in the horizontal direction, causing the clamping parts 402 to move closer or further away from each other. When the two clamping parts 402 move closer to each other, they form a clamping hole for clamping the sleeve 9 or the probe 10.

[0060] Specifically, the lifting power structure 12 includes two lifting cylinders 1201, the tops of the piston rods of the two lifting cylinders 1201 are connected by a crossbeam 1202, the upper clamping power structure 4 is disposed on the crossbeam 1202, the piston rods of the two lifting cylinders 1201 move synchronously in the vertical direction to extend and retract, driving the upper clamping power structure 4 to move up and down, and the crossbeam 1202 is provided with a through hole coaxial with the clamping hole of the upper clamping power structure 4 so that the sleeve 9 or probe 10 can pass through.

[0061] In addition, to facilitate the hoisting of the above-mentioned offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment, a lifting frame and a fixed pulley 8 are also provided on the outer frame 1. The wire rope is connected to the winch on the ship through the fixed pulley 8 for lowering and hoisting the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment.

[0062] When using the above embodiments for casing penetration, the following methods can be adopted:

[0063] 1) Seabed static cone penetration drilling method, including:

[0064] Step 1: Install the casing drill bit at the lower end of the casing 9, and pass the casing 9 through the upper rotary power structure 2, the lower rotary power structure 3, the upper clamping power structure 4, the lifting power structure 12 and the base;

[0065] Assemble the casing on a small construction vessel, install the drill bit at the front end of the casing, and then pass the casing 9 through the clamping cylinder of the upper rotary power structure 2, the middle of multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 and the stepped bushing. The same applies to the lower rotary power structure 3. Then pass through the middle of the two clamping parts of the upper clamping power structure 4 and the through hole of the lower clamping power structure 6, and finally through the reserved hole on the base.

[0066] Step 2: Using the clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure 3, the hollow piston rod 202 applies a clamping force to multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203, thereby bringing the multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 closer together to form clamping holes, and then clamping the sleeve.

[0067] When the lower rotary power structure 3 is activated, the clamping cylinder is engaged, causing the hollow piston rod 202 of the clamping cylinder to move downward and press against multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203. The wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 move downward under force, and the multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 move radially and axially along their respective inclined slide grooves. They move radially closer to each other to form clamping holes and clamping sleeves, and move axially downward and upward to press against the stepped bushing. The stepped bushing then transmits the pressure to the disc spring, causing it to compress.

[0068] Step 3: Use the rotary motor of the lower rotary power structure 3 to drive the rotary gear 204 to rotate, which in turn drives the sleeve 9 clamped by multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 to rotate.

[0069] When the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment is sunk to the seabed, the wedge-shaped clamping block 203 is in the inclined groove in the center hole of the rotary gear 204. Therefore, the wedge-shaped clamping block 203 can rotate together with the rotary gear 204. So when the rotary motor drives the motor gear 206 to rotate, and the motor gear 206 drives the rotary gear 204 to rotate, the multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 also rotate. Since the multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks 203 have clamped the casing in the previous step, they can also drive the casing 9 to rotate.

[0070] Step 4: Using the lifting power structure 12, the lower rotating power structure 3 is slowly lowered, thereby drilling the casing into the seabed;

[0071] When the lifting cylinder is activated, its piston rod retracts, causing the crossbeam at the top of the lifting cylinder and the upper clamping power structure 4 and the lower rotating power structure 3 on the upper clamping power structure 4 to descend. The casing is then clamped in the lower rotating power structure 3, thus creating the action of the casing 9 rotating and drilling towards the seabed.

[0072] Step 5: Stop the operation of the rotary motor and clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure 3. The disc spring 205 of the lower rotary power structure 3 drives the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 to reset, thereby releasing the clamping of the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 on the sleeve 9. The lower rotary power structure 3 is slowly raised by the lifting power structure 12.

[0073] When the piston rod of the lifting cylinder is fully retracted, the descent of the piston rod can be stopped, and the rotary motor and clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure 3 can be stopped. The downward force exerted by the hollow piston of the clamping cylinder on the multiple wedge clamping blocks 204 disappears, and the disc spring 205 will release its elasticity to drive the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 to reset. In this way, the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 will loosen their clamping on the sleeve 9. At this time, the lifting cylinder is started to extend its piston rod, which can slowly raise the lower rotary power structure 3 to a high position to facilitate the next sleeve clamping and insertion.

[0074] Step 6: Repeat steps 2-5 to complete the penetration of the casing into the seabed.

[0075] 2) Seabed static cone penetration method, including:

[0076] Step 1: Pass the sleeve through the upper rotary power structure 2, the lower rotary power structure 3, the upper clamping power structure 4, the lifting power structure 12, and the base 7;

[0077] Step 2: The two clamping cylinders of the upper clamping power structure 4 actuate to clamp the sleeve 9;

[0078] Step 3: The piston rod of the lifting cylinder of the lifting power structure 12 retracts, causing the upper clamping power structure 4 to move downward. The sleeve 9 moves downward with the upper clamping power structure 4, directly inserting the sleeve 9 into the seabed.

[0079] Step 4: The two clamping cylinders of the upper clamping power structure 4 release the sleeve 9;

[0080] Step 5: The piston rod of the lifting cylinder of the lifting power structure 12 retracts, driving the upper clamping power structure 4 to move upward, so that the upper clamping power structure 4 moves to the high position;

[0081] Step 6: Repeat steps 2-5 to complete the penetration of the casing into the seabed.

[0082] In addition to the two methods of casing penetration described in the above embodiments, the offshore combined casing static cone penetration equipment can also directly penetrate the probe 10. The direct penetration method of the probe 10 is basically the same as the direct casing penetration method, except that the casing is replaced by the probe 10, so it will not be described again.

[0083] It is evident from the usage of the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment in the above embodiments that this invention changes the construction process for complex soil layer exploration. According to traditional methods, exploration of sandstone layers requires the use of medium to large construction vessels equipped with drilling rigs, employing drilling exploration methods. Compared with similar drilling rigs, the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment provided by this invention has a simple structure, is lightweight, and has the same functions. At the same time, it combines the functions of the probe rod 10 penetration, realizing the selection of drilling and static exploration processes, reducing equipment investment, improving the efficiency of exploration work, and reducing the equipment requirements of the explored soil layers. It is suitable for using small construction vessels to replace medium to large construction vessels for exploration construction.

[0084] In another embodiment, an upper monitoring camera 11 is provided on the outer frame to monitor the working status of the lower slewing power structure 3.

[0085] Using the seabed-type static cone penetration test equipment described in the above embodiments, automatic casing splicing can also be performed on the seabed. The splicing method includes:

[0086] Step A: Insert the upper sleeve to be connected into the upper rotary power structure 2, and use the upper rotary power structure 2 to clamp the upper sleeve.

[0087] According to the aforementioned casing drilling and penetration method, most of the lower casing has already penetrated into the seabed. The portion remaining on the seabed cannot be penetrated further due to the clamping requirement of the lower rotary power mechanism 4. Therefore, this portion of the lower casing remaining on the seabed can be used to connect with the upper casing.

[0088] Specifically, the upper sleeve to be connected is inserted into the clamping cylinder of the upper rotary power structure 2, between the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 and the stepped bushing. The clamping cylinder of the upper rotary power structure 2 is activated, so that the hollow piston rod applies a downward force to the multiple wedge clamping blocks, and the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 move closer to each other to clamp the upper sleeve.

[0089] Step B: Use the lower rotary power structure 3 to clamp the lower casing that has penetrated the seabed and needs to be extended. Use the upper rotary power structure 2 to drive the upper casing to rotate. Use the lower rotary power structure 3 to drive the lower casing to rotate in the opposite direction to the upper casing. Use the lifting power structure 12 to raise the lower rotary power structure 3, so that the lower casing approaches the upper casing, thereby completing the coaxial threaded connection between the upper and lower casings.

[0090] Specifically, the clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure 3 is activated, causing the hollow piston rod to apply a downward force to multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks. The multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks move closer together to clamp the lower sleeve. Then, the rotary motor of the upper rotary power structure 2 is activated, causing it to rotate clockwise. The rotary motor of the lower rotary power structure 3 is activated, causing it to rotate counterclockwise. In this way, the upper and lower sleeves rotate in opposite directions. Next, the lifting power structure 12 is activated, causing the piston rod of the lifting cylinder to extend and drive the lower rotary power structure 3 to rise, thereby driving the lower sleeve to rise. The upper and lower sleeves can then be screwed together to complete the threaded connection.

[0091] More specifically, a monitoring camera 11 can be used to observe the engagement of the upper and lower sleeves.

[0092] Although the above embodiments describe the automatic splicing of the casing on the seabed, the automatic splicing of the probe 10 on the seabed can also be achieved by replacing the casing with the probe 10.

[0093] As for the disassembly of the sleeve, the operation can be reversed from the above-mentioned continuation method. For example, when the threads of the two sleeves need to be disassembled, the upper sleeve is rotated counterclockwise and the lower sleeve is rotated clockwise. The lifting cylinder drives the lower sleeve to disassemble from the upper sleeve. The disassembly of the probe rod 10 is also done in the same way.

[0094] In another embodiment, the base 7 is further provided with a lower clamping power structure 6 for clamping the sleeve 9 and the probe 10, and the clamping hole of the lower clamping power structure 6 is coaxially arranged with the clamping hole of the upper clamping power structure 4.

[0095] Specifically, the lower clamping power structure 6 can adopt the same structural configuration as the upper clamping power structure 4.

[0096] More specifically, a lower monitoring camera 5 is provided on the outer frame to monitor the working status of the lower clamping power structure 6.

[0097] Using the seabed-type static cone penetration test equipment described in the above embodiments, the penetration action of the probe 10 in the casing can also be performed, and the penetration method includes:

[0098] Step a: Lower the joint of the upper and lower sleeves above the clamping hole of the lower clamping power structure 6, clamp the lower sleeve using the lower clamping power structure 6, clamp the upper sleeve using the pressing cylinder of the lower rotary power structure 3, loosen the upper sleeve from the lower sleeve using the rotary motor of the lower rotary power structure 3, and simultaneously use the lifting power structure 12 to slowly raise the lower rotary power structure 3, thereby separating the upper sleeve from the lower sleeve.

[0099] Specifically, the lower monitoring camera 5 can be used to observe whether the descent position of the joint between the upper and lower sleeves is above the clamping hole of the lower clamping power structure 6. After observing that the joint between the upper and lower sleeves is in place, the clamping cylinder of the lower clamping power structure 6 is activated to clamp the lower sleeve. Then, the pressing cylinder of the lower rotary power structure 3 is activated to clamp the upper sleeve with multiple wedge clamping blocks 203. Next, the rotary motor of the lower rotary power structure 3 is activated to loosen the upper and lower sleeves. At the same time, the lifting cylinder of the lifting power structure 12 is activated to extend the piston rod of the lifting cylinder and drive the lower rotary power structure 3 to rise. In this way, the upper and lower sleeves can be separated.

[0100] Step b: Stop the operation of the rotary motor and clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure 3, so that the multiple wedge clamping blocks 203 can loosen their grip on the upper sleeve, and then remove the upper sleeve;

[0101] Step c: Insert the probe 10 to be inserted into the upper clamping power structure 4;

[0102] Specifically, a winch can be used to lower the probe rod 10 through the clamping part of the upper clamping power structure 4. Here, a monitoring camera 5 can be used to observe whether the probe rod 10 reaches the base 7.

[0103] Step d: Use the upper clamping power structure 4 to clamp the probe rod 10, and use the lifting power structure 12 to slowly lower the upper clamping power structure 4, so that the probe rod 10 penetrates into the sleeve;

[0104] Specifically, after the observation probe 10 is in place, the clamping cylinder of the upper clamping power structure 4 is activated, so that the clamping part of the upper clamping power structure 4 clamps the probe 10. Then, the lifting cylinder of the lifting power structure 12 is activated, so that the piston rod of the lifting cylinder retracts and drives the upper clamping power structure 4 to descend. In this way, the probe 10 can penetrate into the casing that has been driven into the seabed and penetrate into the seabed.

[0105] Step e: Use the upper clamping power structure 4 to release the probe rod 10, and use the lifting power structure 12 to raise the upper clamping power structure 4;

[0106] Specifically, the clamping cylinder of the upper clamping power structure 4 is activated to release, so that the clamping part of the upper clamping power structure 4 relaxes its clamping on the probe rod 10. Then, the lifting cylinder of the lifting power structure 12 is activated, so that the piston rod of the lifting cylinder extends and drives the upper clamping power structure 4 to rise, thereby returning the upper clamping power structure 4 to the high position.

[0107] Step f: Repeat steps d to e to complete the penetration of probe 10 into the casing.

[0108] In addition, after the probe 10 completes the static cone penetration test on the seabed, the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment can also perform the lifting and pulling actions of the probe 10 and the casing. The lifting and pulling method of the probe 10 includes:

[0109] The upper clamping power structure 4 clamps the probe rod 10. The lifting power structure 12 rises and drives the upper clamping power structure 4 to pull the probe rod 10 upward. At the same time, the probe rod 10 can also be hoisted upward by a winch. After the lifting power structure 12 rises to the position, the upper clamping power structure 4 releases the probe rod 10. The lifting power structure 12 drives the upper clamping power structure 4 to descend. After the lifting power structure 12 descends to the position, the above process is repeated to complete the lifting of the probe rod 10.

[0110] The casing retrieval method includes: 1. After the probe 10 is retrieved, a section of the upper casing is hoisted to the position of the lower monitoring camera 5. The lower rotary power structure 3 clamps the upper casing and rotates it. The lifting power structure 12 drives the upper casing to approach the lower casing, making the two threadedly connected. Then, the lifting power structure 12 drives the connected upper and lower casings to rise. 2. Next, the lower clamping power structure 6 clamps the lower casing. The upper rotary power structure 2 releases the upper casing. The lifting power structure 12 drives the upper clamping power structure 4 to descend. The upper clamping power structure 4 then clamps the lower casing that has been pulled up above the seabed. The lower clamping power structure 6 releases the lower casing. The lifting power structure 12 drives the upper clamping power structure 4 to rise. This step is repeated. The retrieved casing is then hoisted and retrieved using a winch.

[0111] It is evident from the usage process of the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment in the above embodiments that the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment of the present invention can not only complete the rotary drilling of the casing, but also automatically tighten and loosen the casing 9 or probe 10 on the seabed. This eliminates the need for complex and bulky equipment on large construction vessels to complete the loading and unloading of underwater casing 9 (probe 10), reducing the investment in large and complex equipment. When the casing length is insufficient and needs to be extended, it can also be extended by connecting to the casing that has already penetrated the seabed, making it more adaptable to the complex and ever-changing seabed penetration environment. At the same time, based on this function, the offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment can be applied to seabed static penetration in deeper waters.

[0112] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method of driving a seabed-type static cone into a casing using an offshore combined casing static cone drive apparatus, characterised in that, The offshore combined casing static cone penetration test equipment includes: a base with a reserved hole, an outer frame set on the base, a lifting power structure set on the base and located within the outer frame, and an upper clamping power structure set within the outer frame and located above the lifting power structure. It also includes: an upper slewing power structure set above the outer frame and a lower slewing power structure set within the outer frame and located above the upper clamping power structure. Both the upper and lower rotary power structures include: a clamping device for clamping the casing or probe and a power device for driving the casing or probe to rotate. The clamping holes for clamping the sleeve or probe on the upper rotary power structure, the lower rotary power structure and the upper clamping power structure are coaxially arranged with the reserved hole. The clamping device includes a clamping cylinder and a wedge-shaped clamping block, and the power device is a rotary motor. The base is also provided with a lower clamping power structure for clamping the sleeve or probe. The clamping hole of the lower clamping power structure is coaxially arranged with the clamping hole of the upper clamping power structure. Both the upper clamping power structure and the lower clamping power structure include: two clamping cylinders arranged opposite each other. The piston rods of the two clamping cylinders are connected to clamping parts at their ends. The piston rods of the two clamping cylinders move synchronously in the horizontal direction, causing the clamping parts to move closer or further away from each other. When the two clamping parts move closer to each other, they form a clamping hole for clamping the sleeve or probe. The lifting power structure includes two lifting cylinders, the tops of which are connected by a crossbeam. The upper clamping power structure is mounted on the crossbeam. The piston rods of the two lifting cylinders move synchronously in the vertical direction, driving the upper clamping power structure and the lower rotary power structure to move up and down. The crossbeam has a through hole coaxial with the clamping hole of the upper clamping power structure so that the sleeve or probe can pass through. The penetration method includes: after the casing penetrates the seabed; Step a: Lower the joint of the upper and lower sleeves above the clamping hole of the lower clamping power structure. Use the lower clamping power structure to clamp the lower sleeve, and use the pressing cylinder of the lower rotary power structure to clamp the upper sleeve. Use the rotary motor of the lower rotary power structure to loosen the upper and lower sleeves. At the same time, use the lifting power structure to slowly raise the lower rotary power structure, thereby separating the upper and lower sleeves. Step b: Stop the operation of the rotary motor and clamping cylinder of the lower rotary power structure, so that the multiple wedge clamping blocks can loosen their grip on the upper sleeve, and then remove the upper sleeve; Step c: Insert the probe to be inserted into the upper clamping power structure; Step d: Use the upper clamping power structure to clamp the probe rod, and use the lifting power structure to slowly lower the upper clamping power structure so that the probe rod penetrates into the casing. Step e: Use the upper clamping power structure to release the probe rod, and use the lifting power structure to raise the upper clamping power structure. Step f, repeat steps d to e, to complete the penetration of the probe into the casing.

2. A method of penetration of a seabed static cone penetrometer rod in a casing as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that, The clamping device includes: The outer casing has a rotary gear inside. The central hole of the rotary gear has multiple inclined grooves around its circumference. The inclined grooves are radially opened along the central hole of the rotary gear. Each inclined groove has a wedge-shaped clamping block that can slide up and down within the inclined groove. The central hole of the rotary gear is used for the passage of the sleeve and the probe. A clamping cylinder is provided on the upper part of the housing. The lower end of the hollow piston rod of the clamping cylinder is in close contact with the wedge-shaped clamping block at the upper end of the rotary gear, so as to apply a downward force to multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks, thereby causing multiple wedge-shaped clamping blocks to move closer to each other along the inclined slide groove to form a clamping hole for clamping sleeve or probe. A disc spring is disposed inside the housing and coaxial with the clamping hole. The disc spring is located at the lower end of the rotary gear to apply an upward restoring force to the plurality of wedge clamping blocks. Under the action of the restoring force, the wedge clamping blocks move upward along the inclined groove and away from the sleeve or probe, so that the wedge clamping blocks release the sleeve or probe. The rotary motor provides rotational driving force to the rotary gear through gear transmission.

3. The method for inserting a seabed-type static cone penetration test probe into a casing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An upper monitoring camera is installed on the outer frame to monitor the working status of the lower slewing power structure.

4. The method for inserting a seabed static cone penetration test probe into a casing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A lower monitoring camera is installed on the outer frame to monitor the working status of the lower clamping power structure.

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