Optical imaging module, array imaging module, levitation display device and multi-layer display device

Abstract

The present application relates to optical imaging module, array imaging module, floating display device and multi-layer display device. The optical imaging module comprises: a light deflection group, at least comprising a first light deflection unit and a second light deflection unit arranged in parallel with each other, the light deflection group only modulates light in a first direction; And a first conjugate imaging element, located between the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit on the optical path, the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the first light deflection unit is substantially equal to the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the second light deflection unit, wherein the optical imaging module is configured to converge the light beam from the point on the object plane on the first image plane in the first direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments described herein generally relate to light field three-dimensional display technology, and more specifically to an optical imaging module, an array imaging module, a floating display device, and a multi-layer display device for levitation display. Background Technology

[0002] Among the many display technologies, aerial levitation display technology has attracted much attention from researchers because it can display images in the air, bringing viewers a strong visual impact and a sensory experience that is both real and surreal.

[0003] Existing levitation display technologies have proposed using a diffused screen to expand the divergence angle in the vertical viewing direction. This approach creates a wide viewing angle, but its drawbacks include the light emitted by the display module converging on two different, relatively far-separated planes in the horizontal and vertical directions, resulting in poor image quality and an inability to achieve significant spatial depth. Furthermore, this type of levitation display technology only creates horizontal parallax, lacking vertical parallax. The vertical spatial position of the levitation image is not fixed, moving with the observer's vertical position, which affects applications requiring precise interaction. In addition, the required size of the levitation image varies depending on the specific application. While various levitation display technologies exist, the size of the levitation image displayed by the device is generally limited during the manufacturer's design phase and cannot be adjusted during use. Therefore, when users desire different sized levitation images for different application scenarios, they typically need to purchase levitation display devices of different sizes. For manufacturers of floating display devices, it is necessary to design different floating display devices for different user needs (especially to design different optical systems to adapt to image display units of different sizes), and adapt them one by one, which consumes a lot of manpower and resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of exemplary embodiments of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned and / or other problems in the prior art, and in particular to provide an optical imaging module comprising: a deflecting light group, including at least a first light deflecting unit and a second light deflecting unit arranged parallel to each other, the deflecting light group modulating light only in a first direction; and a first conjugate imaging element located in the optical path between the first light deflecting unit and the second light deflecting unit, the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the first light deflecting unit being substantially equal to the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the second light deflecting unit, wherein the optical imaging module is configured to converge a light beam from a point on an object surface onto a first image surface in the first direction.

[0005] Optionally, the first light deflection unit is the aperture stop of the optical imaging module in the first direction.

[0006] Optionally, the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit are configured such that the image height of the optical imaging module in the first direction is equal to the object height in the first direction.

[0007] Optionally, the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit are the same lens.

[0008] Optionally, the first light deflection unit is a lens with an f# greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 6.

[0009] Optionally, the aperture of the light deflection unit is D, and the distance between the second light deflection unit and the first light deflection unit is greater than or equal to 2D.

[0010] Optionally, along the optical path, the distance between the first conjugate imaging element and the first light deflection unit is less than or equal to the focal length of the first light deflection unit.

[0011] Optionally, the first conjugate imaging element is a one-dimensional conjugate imaging element, and the first light deflection unit, the second light deflection unit, and the first conjugate imaging element cooperate to converge light beams from points on the object surface onto the first image surface in the first direction.

[0012] Optionally, the optical imaging module further includes a second conjugate imaging element, which is used to converge a light beam from a point on the object surface onto a second image surface different from the first image surface in a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are respectively orthogonal to the principal optical axis of the optical imaging module.

[0013] Optionally, the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element are one-dimensional reflective retroreflectors, wherein the microstructure units of the first conjugate imaging element and the microstructure units of the second conjugate imaging element are orthogonally arranged.

[0014] Optionally, the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element are arranged in parallel relative to each other, and the optical axes of the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element are perpendicular to the optical axes of the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

[0015] Optionally, the optical imaging module further includes a beam splitter. The light beam from the object surface is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the beam splitter. After being reflected by the beam splitter, it enters the first conjugate imaging element. After being reflected by the first conjugate imaging element, it is transmitted through the beam splitter and enters the second conjugate imaging element. After being reflected by the second conjugate imaging element, it is reflected by the beam splitter and then enters the second light deflection unit. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit, it propagates toward the first image plane and the second image plane.

[0016] Optionally, the beam splitter is disposed obliquely between the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element, and between the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

[0017] Optionally, the beam splitting element includes: a polarization beam splitter; a first phase retardation film disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the polarization beam splitter; and a second phase retardation film disposed between the second conjugate imaging element and the polarization beam splitter.

[0018] Optionally, the first conjugate imaging element is a two-dimensional conjugate imaging element. The first light deflection unit, the second light deflection unit, and the first conjugate imaging element cooperate to converge the light beam from a point on the object surface onto the first image surface in the first direction. The first conjugate imaging element is used to converge the light beam from a point on the object surface onto the first image surface in the second direction. The first direction and the second direction are respectively orthogonal to the principal optical axis of the optical imaging module.

[0019] Optionally, the first conjugate imaging element is a two-dimensional reflective retroreflector, and the optical imaging module further includes a beam splitter and a reflector. The light beam from the object surface is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the beam splitter. After being reflected by the beam splitter, it is reflected to the reflector. After being reflected by the reflector, it is transmitted through the beam splitter into the first conjugate imaging element. After being reflected by the first conjugate imaging element and then reflected by the beam splitter, it enters the second light deflection unit and is deflected by the second light deflection unit before propagating toward the first image plane.

[0020] Optionally, the beam splitter is obliquely disposed between the reflector and the first conjugate imaging element and between the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit, and the optical axes of the reflector and the first conjugate imaging element are perpendicular to the optical axes of the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

[0021] Optionally, the beam splitting element includes: a polarization beam splitter; a first phase retardation film disposed between the reflector and the polarization beam splitter; and a second phase retardation film disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the polarization beam splitter.

[0022] Optionally, the first conjugate imaging element is a two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector, and the optical imaging module further includes a reflector. The light beam from the object surface is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector. After being transmitted through the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector to the reflector, it is reflected by the reflector and then reflected again by the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector before entering the second light deflection unit. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit, it propagates toward the first image plane.

[0023] Optionally, the first conjugate imaging element is a one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector, and the second conjugate imaging element is a one-dimensional reflective retroreflector, wherein the first conjugate imaging element is obliquely disposed between the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit, and the optical axis of the second conjugate imaging element is perpendicular to the optical axes of the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

[0024] Optionally, the optical imaging module further includes: a reflective polarizing film disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the second light deflection unit, and between the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element; and a phase retardation film disposed between the reflective polarizing film and the second conjugate imaging element, wherein the light beam from the object plane is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector, is transmitted through the one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector to the one-dimensional reflective retroreflector, is reflected by the one-dimensional reflective retroreflector and then reflected by the reflective polarizing film before entering the second light deflection unit, and is deflected by the second light deflection unit and then propagates toward the first image plane and the second image plane.

[0025] The present invention also provides an array imaging module, comprising: a plurality of optical imaging modules as described above, arranged in an array along the first direction.

[0026] Optionally, the distance between the first light deflection units of adjacent optical imaging modules is less than a preset threshold.

[0027] Optionally, adjacent optical imaging modules may share optical elements.

[0028] Optionally, the array imaging module further includes a grating plate disposed between the optical imaging module and the image plane, wherein the grating plate has equally spaced light-shielding strips.

[0029] Optionally, the elements in the optical imaging module are filled with a medium, the refractive index of which is greater than 1.

[0030] The present invention also provides a floating display device, comprising: a display module configured to emit display light constituting a target image; and an array imaging module as described above; wherein the display light emitted from the display module passes through the array imaging module to form a floating image at a first image plane and / or a second image plane.

[0031] Optionally, the display module is a three-dimensional display.

[0032] The present invention also provides a multilayer display device, comprising: a suspended display device as described above; and a transparent display device disposed downstream of the optical path of the suspended display device, wherein the display surface of the transparent display device is located at a different position from the suspended image.

[0033] Optionally, the transparent display device may include a transparent display or be implemented by projecting an image onto a transparent film. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The invention can be better understood by describing exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0035] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A schematic diagram of light propagation in an optical imaging module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 2A A schematic diagram showing the half-aperture, focal length, and image height of the first light deflection unit is provided.

[0037] Figure 2B A schematic diagram showing an optical imaging module including a folding structure is shown.

[0038] Figure 3-4 A schematic diagram of light propagation in an optical imaging module according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0039] Figure 5A and Figure 5B An example of a two-dimensional reflective retroreflector is shown.

[0040] Figure 6 An example of a two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector is shown.

[0041] Figure 7 An example of a one-dimensional reflective retroreflector is shown.

[0042] Figure 8 An example of a one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector is shown.

[0043] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module according to a first example of the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module employing polarization beam splitting is shown.

[0045] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module according to a second example of the present invention is shown.

[0046] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module employing polarization beam splitting is shown.

[0047] Figure 13A This diagram illustrates the optical path of an object point stitched together from multiple optical imaging modules.

[0048] Figure 13B This diagram illustrates the optical path of different object points through a single optical imaging module in an array imaging module.

[0049] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module according to a third example of the present invention is shown.

[0050] Figure 15A A schematic diagram of an optical imaging module according to a fourth example of the present invention is shown.

[0051] Figure 15B A schematic diagram of light propagation of an optical imaging module according to a fourth example of the present invention is shown.

[0052] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module according to a fifth example of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Figure 17A A schematic diagram of an array imaging module containing a grating plate is shown.

[0054] Figure 17B A schematic diagram of the grating plate is shown.

[0055] Figure 18 A schematic block diagram of a floating display device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0056] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of a multilayer display device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0057] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of a transparent display device achieved through micro-projection is shown;

[0058] Figure 21 A schematic diagram illustrating the implementation of glasses-free 3D display using a multi-layer display device is shown; and

[0059] Figures 22A-22C This is an illustrative diagram showing a display module using a three-dimensional display. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, in order to provide a concise description, this specification cannot exhaustively describe all features of the actual embodiments. It should be understood that, in the actual implementation of any embodiment, just as in any engineering or design project, various specific decisions are often made to achieve the developer's specific goals and to meet system-related or business-related constraints, and this can change from one embodiment to another. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this invention, some design, manufacturing, or production modifications based on the technical content disclosed herein are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient content of this disclosure.

[0061] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the claims and description shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in the patent application description and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. The terms “an” or “a” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “comprising” or “including” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding “comprising” or “including” encompasses the element or object listed following “comprising” or “including” and its equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms “connected” or “linked” and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, nor are they limited to direct or indirect connections. The phrase “A is substantially equal to B” is intended to take into account tolerances in manufacturing processes, i.e., the values ​​of A and B can be within ±10% of each other.

[0062] For ease of description, light can be considered to propagate along the optical path from an optical "upstream" position to an optical "downstream" position within the beam. Therefore, the relative positions of optical elements within the optical path can also be described using these two terms.

[0063] Suspended display devices typically include an image display unit and an optical system. The image display unit presents the original image on the object surface of the optical system using direct display or indirect projection. The image light then passes through the optical system to form a suspended image in the air. Achieving large-size suspended displays requires manufacturing larger optical components, leading to a rapid increase in manufacturing costs and a decrease in the precision of the optical components. Therefore, an optical imaging module is proposed, comprising: a deflecting light group, including at least a first light deflecting unit and a second light deflecting unit arranged parallel to each other, the deflecting light group modulating light only in a first direction; and a first conjugate imaging element located in the optical path between the first light deflecting unit and the second light deflecting unit, the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the first light deflecting unit being substantially equal to the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the second light deflecting unit, wherein the optical imaging module is configured to converge light beams from a point on the object surface onto a first image surface in the first direction. The optical imaging module of this disclosure can be used as the aforementioned optical system to form a suspended image. This scheme facilitates seamless stitching of suspended images while having lower manufacturing costs and making the suspended display device more compact.

[0064] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A schematic diagram of light propagation in an optical imaging module 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein... Figure 1A A schematic diagram showing the propagation of light in the horizontal direction in the optical imaging module 100 is shown. Figure 1B A schematic diagram showing the propagation of light in the vertical direction in the optical imaging module 100 is shown.

[0065] The optical imaging module 100 may include a first light deflection unit 101, a second light deflection unit 102, and a first conjugate imaging element 103. The first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 102 may be arranged parallel to each other and form a deflecting light group. Figure 1A As shown, the deflecting light group can avoid modulating the light emitted from object point O in the x-direction.

[0066] The first conjugate imaging element 103 can be located between the first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 102 in the optical path, and the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element 103 and the first light deflection unit 101 is substantially equal to the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element 103 and the second light deflection unit 102.

[0067] See Figure 1BThe first light deflection unit 101, the second light deflection unit 102, and the first conjugate imaging element 103 can cooperate to converge a light beam from point O on the object plane 10 to point O' on the first image plane 20 in the y-direction. The x-direction and y-direction are orthogonal to the principal optical axis of the optical imaging module 100. The conjugate imaging element can have microstructure units for imaging in at least one direction, such that a light beam from a point on the object plane 10 converges on the first image plane 20 in that at least one direction. The conjugate imaging element can be transmissive or reflective. Examples of conjugate imaging elements include retroreflectors, lattice transmissive arrays, holographic gratings, etc. The advantage of using such a conjugate imaging element is that the positional relationship (object and image) is conjugate, the image is not magnified, and there are no aberrations.

[0068] A deflecting light group can be used to modulate the image height in the y-direction and can be configured to modulate light only in the y-direction. The deflecting light group is used to control the height of light passing through the deflecting unit to be less than or equal to the physical size of the deflecting unit in the y-direction. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first light deflecting unit 101 may be an aperture stop of the optical imaging module 100 in the y-direction, used to limit the height of light passing through the optical imaging module 100 in the y-direction.

[0069] Due to the aforementioned characteristics of the conjugate imaging element, the image height of the first conjugate imaging element 103 in the y-direction can be equal to the object height in the y-direction. Therefore, the image height of the optical imaging module 100 in the y-direction can be adjusted by the deflection light group (first light deflection unit 101 and second light deflection unit 102). In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 102 can be configured such that the image height of the optical imaging module 100 in the y-direction (on the second image plane 20) is equal to the object height in the y-direction (on the object plane 10). Figure 1B As shown, the light beam from point O on the object plane 10 converges in the y-direction to point O' on the first image plane 20, and points O and O' are at the same height in the y-direction. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first ray deflection unit 101 and the second ray deflection unit 102 can be the same lens. It is understood that lenses typically introduce aberrations into an optical system, so the advantage of using the same lens for the first ray deflection unit 101 and the second ray deflection unit 102 is that one lens can be used to cancel the aberrations of the other lens, and a complete mirror relationship between the image point O' and the object point O can be achieved. Therefore, in some embodiments, the first ray deflection unit 101 and the second ray deflection unit 102 can be mirror-symmetrical with respect to the first conjugate imaging element 103 in the optical path, and the first ray deflection unit 101 and the second ray deflection unit 102 can have the same wavefront modulation. As an example, the ray deflection unit can include a holographic lens, a superlens, or a gradient refractive index plate, etc.

[0070] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 102 may be lenses. Optionally, the f# of the lens may be greater than or equal to 1.5, which helps to ensure sufficient physical space between the first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 102 to accommodate the folding structure described below. Optionally, the f# of the lens may be less than or equal to 6, which helps to ensure that the field of view in the y-direction is greater than 10 degrees.

[0071] In some embodiments of this disclosure, along the principal optical axis, the distance d1 between the first conjugate imaging element 103 and the first light deflection unit 101 is less than or equal to the focal length f1 of the first light deflection unit 101. For example... Figure 2A As shown, the maximum angle of light entering the first light deflection unit 101 originates from the object point O. To ensure that all light rays passing through the first light deflection unit 101 are modulated by the optical module and then emitted through the light deflection unit 102 to form an image, the height of all light rays between the light deflection unit 101 and the first conjugate imaging element 103 is less than or equal to half the aperture d of the first light deflection unit 101. For an optical system where the first light deflection unit 101 is a lens, the distance from the object point to the lens is much greater than the focal length of the lens. Therefore, the imaging plane of the object point O is essentially near the focal plane. Figure 2A As can be seen above, only at positions less than the focal length f can the ray height l of the light passing through the upper edge of the light deflection unit 101 be guaranteed to be less than half the aperture d of the light deflection unit.

[0072] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the aperture of the light deflection unit 101 is D, and the distance between the second light deflection unit 102 and the first light deflection unit 101 is greater than or equal to 2D. For example... Figure 2B As shown, the optical imaging module 100 may include a 45-degree beam splitter 105 to form a folding structure. The aperture of the light deflection units 101 / 102 is D. The shortest optical path between the first conjugate imaging element 103 and the second light deflection unit 102 is 2D. Since the first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 102 can be symmetrically arranged in the optical path with respect to the first conjugate imaging element 103, the distance a from the first light deflection unit 101 to the folding structure is greater than or equal to D. Therefore, the distance from the first light deflection unit 101 to the second deflection unit 103 is greater than or equal to 2D. To achieve a larger field of view in the y-direction, the distance between the first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 103 should be as short as possible. Therefore, the distance between the second light deflection unit 102 and the first light deflection unit 101 can be greater than or equal to 2D, preferably equal to 2D.

[0073] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first conjugate imaging element 103 may be a two-dimensional conjugate imaging element configured to image in both the x and y directions. In this case, such as Figure 1A As shown, the first conjugate imaging element 103 can cause a light beam from point O on the object plane 10 to also converge in the x-direction onto the first image plane 20. As an example, two-dimensional conjugate imaging elements include, but are not limited to, two-dimensional reflective retroreflectors and two-dimensional transmissive retroreflectors. A two-dimensional reflective retroreflector can have an array of microstructured units, each of which can be a corner prism element having three mutually perpendicular adjacent surfaces, such as... Figure 5A Or as shown in 5B. A two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector can be a structure consisting of two stacked glass arrays, where each glass plate array is formed by bonding several glass flat sheets, and each glass flat sheet has a metallic reflective layer coated on both sides. The glass flat sheets of the two glass arrays are orthogonally arranged. In this way, light passing through the transmissive retroreflector is reflected once on each of the two glass plate arrays, achieving a light retroreflection effect in space, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0074] Figure 3-4 A schematic diagram of light propagation in an optical imaging module 200 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the propagation of light in the horizontal direction in the optical imaging module 200 is shown. Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the propagation of light in the vertical direction within the optical imaging module 200. Several details of the optical imaging module 200 are the same as those of the optical imaging module 100 described above with reference to Figures 1-2, and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the differences between the optical imaging module 200 and the optical imaging module 200.

[0075] The first conjugate imaging element 103 can be a conjugate imaging element with a one-dimensional grating structure for converging light rays in the y-direction. The optical imaging module 200 may also include a second conjugate imaging element 104 for converging light rays in the x-direction. The microstructure units of the first conjugate imaging element 103 and the microstructure units of the second conjugate imaging element 104 can be orthogonally arranged. In this way, the second conjugate imaging element 104 can converge a light beam from point O on the object plane 10 onto a second image plane 30, which is different from the first image plane 20, in the x-direction. The x-direction and y-direction are orthogonal to the principal optical axis of the optical imaging module 200, respectively. The conjugate imaging element with a one-dimensional grating structure can be a one-dimensional reflective retroreflector, a one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector, a one-dimensional holographic grating, etc. Examples of one-dimensional reflective retroreflectors include... Figure 7 As shown, when light rays arbitrarily illuminate the surface of a one-dimensional retroreflective screen, a portion of the light rays are in one direction (e.g., Figure 7 The image reflects at the original angle in the X direction (as shown). An example of a one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector is shown below. Figure 8As shown, a one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector can be constructed by bonding several parallel glass plates together, with the bonding surface coated with a metallic reflective film. The object point o and image point o' are optically conjugate. The object plane and image plane of this structure are the same size and aberration-free. The advantage of using such a conjugate imaging element is that the positional relationship (object and image) is conjugate, the image is not magnified, and there are no aberrations.

[0076] The optical imaging module 100 / 200 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has been described above. The optical imaging module 100 / 200 can be used to form a levitation image at image plane 20 and / or image plane 30. Although the levitation image formed by this scheme also has a certain degree of astigmatism, compared with the scheme that uses a scattering screen to make the display light have a larger divergence angle, the spacing between the first conjugate imaging element 103 and the second conjugate imaging element 104 in this scheme is very small, usually less than 20 mm, thus improving the imaging quality of the levitation image. At the same time, it can achieve a greater spatial depth display. This is because the out-of-screen depth of the levitation image in the levitation scheme using a scattering screen is determined by the distance between the two one-dimensional retroreflection screens. The larger the distance, the greater the levitation depth, but the greater the astigmatism and the worse the imaging quality. In contrast, the levitation display depth of this scheme is determined by the distance between the object plane and the conjugate imaging element. The distance between the two one-dimensional conjugate imaging elements can be set very small, thereby ensuring that the astigmatism does not increase with the increase of the levitation image depth, thus ensuring the levitation image quality while increasing the display depth.

[0077] According to other exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, an array imaging module is also provided. For example... Figure 1B or Figure 4 As shown, the array imaging module may include multiple optical imaging modules 100 / 200 as described above. These optical imaging modules 100 / 200 are arranged in an array along the y-direction, and the optical axes of the first light deflection unit 101 and the second light deflection unit 102 of each optical imaging module are arranged parallel to each other, thereby enabling the stitching of the y-direction field of view. It should be noted that although three optical imaging modules 100 / 200 are shown in the figures, the invention is not limited to this. An appropriate number of optical imaging modules 100 / 200 can be selected according to the required size of the suspended image. Such an array imaging module significantly reduces costs for realizing suspended displays of different sizes because it eliminates the need to design different optical imaging modules for suspended images of specific sizes; only an appropriate number of optical imaging modules need to be selected according to the required size of the suspended image. Moreover, smaller optical elements are easier to manufacture than larger optical elements.

[0078] Hereinafter, several examples of optical imaging modules and array imaging modules according to embodiments of the present invention will be described.

[0079] First Example

[0080] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module 900 according to a first example of the present invention is shown. Several details of the optical imaging module in the array imaging module 900 according to the first example are the same as those of the optical imaging modules 100 / 200 described above with respect to Figures 1-8, and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the array imaging module 900 of the first example.

[0081] The array imaging module 900 includes multiple optical imaging modules arranged along the y-direction. Each optical imaging module includes a first light deflection unit 901, a second light deflection unit 902, and a first conjugate imaging element 903 as described above. For simplicity, Figure 9 The figures only show the reference numerals for the components of one of the optical imaging modules. The first conjugate imaging element 903 may be a two-dimensional reflective retroreflector. Each optical imaging module of the array imaging module 900 may also include a beam splitter 905 and a reflector 906. The beam splitter 905 may be a semi-reflective element, that is, it transmits a portion of the incident light and reflects another portion of the incident light.

[0082] The beam splitter 905 can be tilted between the reflector 906 and the first conjugate imaging element 903, and between the first light deflection unit 901 and the second light deflection unit 902. The optical axis A of the reflector 906 and the first conjugate imaging element 903 can be perpendicular to the optical axis B of the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

[0083] In the first example, the light beam from the object plane is deflected by the first light-reflecting unit 901 and then enters the beam splitter 905. After being reflected by the beam splitter 905, it reaches the reflecting mirror 906. After being reflected by the reflecting mirror 906, it is transmitted through the beam splitter 905 into the first conjugate imaging element 903. After being reflected by the first conjugate imaging element 903 and then by the beam splitter 905, it enters the second light-reflecting unit 902. After being deflected by the second light-reflecting unit 902, it propagates towards the first image plane 20. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the light beam from object point O converges at point O' on the first image plane 20 in both the x and y directions via the array imaging module 900.

[0084] It is understood that because the beam splitter 905 transmits a portion of the incident light and reflects another portion, some non-imaging light reaches the first image plane 20, affecting image quality. In optional embodiments, the beam splitter may include a polarizing beam splitter 915, a quarter-wave plate 925, and a quarter-wave plate 935, such as... Figure 10As shown. For example, the polarizing beam splitter 915 can reflect S-beams and transmit P-beams. A quarter-wave plate 925 can be disposed between the mirror 906 and the polarizing beam splitter 915. A quarter-wave plate 935 can be disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the polarizing beam splitter 915.

[0085] The polarization state of the light beam from the object surface can be configured as S-polarized (this invention is not limited to this; the light emitted from the object surface can also be natural light). The S-polarized light is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter 915, and after being reflected by the reflector 906, it passes through the quarter-wave plate 925 twice. The principal axis of the quarter-wave plate is set at a 45-degree angle to the z-axis in the xz plane, and the light is converted into P-polarized light. After passing through the polarizing beam splitter 915, the P-polarized light is directed to the conjugate imaging element 903, which is a two-dimensional retroreflection screen. The light is reflected by the conjugate imaging element (retroreflection screen) 903, and passes through the quarter-wave plate 935 twice. The principal axis of the quarter-wave plate is set at a 45-degree angle to the z-axis in the xz plane, and the polarization state of the light is converted from P-polarized light to S-polarized light. After being reflected by the polarizing beam splitter 915, the S-polarized light is converged at point O' on the first image plane 20 in both the x and y directions by the array imaging module 900.

[0086] Thus, imaging quality can be improved by polarization beam splitting, eliminating the arrival of non-imaging rays at the first image plane 20. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the polarization beam splitter 915 can also transmit S-rays and reflect P-rays; in this case, the polarization state of the beam from the object plane can be configured as P-polarized.

[0087] Second example

[0088] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module 1100 according to a second example of the present invention is shown. Several details of the optical imaging module in the array imaging module 1100 according to the second example are the same as those of the optical imaging modules 100 / 200 described above with respect to Figures 1-8, and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the array imaging module 1100 of the first example.

[0089] The array imaging module 1100 includes multiple optical imaging modules arranged along the y-direction. Each optical imaging module includes a first light deflection unit 1101, a second light deflection unit 1102, a first conjugate imaging element 1103, and a second conjugate imaging element 1104, as described above. For simplicity, Figure 11 The figure only shows the reference numerals for the components of one of the optical imaging modules. The first conjugate imaging element 1103 and the second conjugate imaging element 1104 can each be a one-dimensional reflective retroreflector. The microstructure units of the first conjugate imaging element 1103 can be orthogonally arranged with the microstructure units of the second conjugate imaging element 1104.

[0090] Each optical imaging module of the array imaging module 1100 may also include a beam splitter 1105. The beam splitter 1105 may be a semi-reflective and semi-transparent element, that is, it transmits a portion of the incident light and reflects another portion of the incident light.

[0091] The beam splitter 1105 can be tilted between the first conjugate imaging element 1103 and the second conjugate imaging element 1104, and between the first light deflection unit 1101 and the second light deflection unit 1102. The first conjugate imaging element 1103 and the second conjugate imaging element 1104 can be arranged relatively parallel to each other. The optical axis A of the first conjugate imaging element 1103 and the second conjugate imaging element 1104 can be perpendicular to the optical axis B of the first light deflection unit 1101 and the second light deflection unit 1102.

[0092] In the second example, the light beam from the object plane is deflected by the first light deflection unit 1101 and then enters the beam splitter 1105. After being reflected by the beam splitter 1105, it enters the first conjugate imaging element 1103. After being reflected by the first conjugate imaging element 1103, it is transmitted through the beam splitter 1105 and enters the second conjugate imaging element 1104. After being reflected by the second conjugate imaging element 1104, it is reflected by the beam splitter 1105 and then enters the second light deflection unit 1102. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit 1102, it propagates towards the first image plane 20 and the second image plane 30. Figure 11 As shown, the light beam from point O on the object surface converges in the y direction at point O' on the first image plane 20 via the array imaging module 1100, and converges in the x direction at point O” on the second image plane 30.

[0093] In an optional embodiment, the beam-splitting element may include a polarization beam splitter 1115, a first phase retardation film 1125, and a second phase retardation film 1135, such as Figure 12 As shown. For example, polarizing beam splitter 1115 can reflect S-rays and transmit P-rays. A first phase retardation film 1125 can be disposed between the first conjugate imaging element 1103 and polarizing beam splitter 1115. A second phase retardation film 1135 can be disposed between the second conjugate imaging element 1104 and polarizing beam splitter 1115.

[0094] The polarization state of the light beam from the object plane can be configured as S-polarized (this invention is not limited to this; the light emitted from the object plane can also be natural light). The S-light is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 1115. After the light beam hits the first conjugate imaging element 1103, it is reflected by the mirror and passes through the first phase retardation film 1125 twice. The first phase retardation film 1125 is a half-wave plate, and the principal axis of the wave plate is set at 22.5° or 67.5° with the z-axis in the xz plane. The light beam is converted into P-polarized light. After passing through the polarization beam splitter 1115, the P-beam is directed towards the second conjugate imaging element 1104. The light is reflected by the second conjugate imaging element 1104 and passes twice through the second phase retardation film 1135. The second phase retardation film 1135 is a half-wave plate, and the principal axis of the wave plate is set at 22.5° or 67.5° with the z-axis in the xz plane. The polarization state of the light is converted from P-polarized light to S-polarized light. After being reflected by the polarization beam splitter 1115, the S-polarized light is converged in the y-direction at point O' on the first image plane 20 and in the x-direction at point O” on the second image plane 30 via the array imaging module 1100.

[0095] Thus, imaging quality can be improved by polarization beam splitting. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the polarization beam splitter 1115 can also transmit S-beams and reflect P-beams; in this case, the polarization state of the beam from the object plane can be configured as P-polarized.

[0096] See Figure 13A and 13B ,in Figure 13A This diagram illustrates the optical path of object point O as it is stitched together from multiple optical imaging modules within the array imaging module 1100. Figure 13B A schematic diagram of the optical path of different object points (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i) through a single optical imaging module 1110 in the array imaging module 1100 is shown.

[0097] Third Example

[0098] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module 1400 according to a third example of the present invention is shown. Several details of the optical imaging module in the array imaging module 1400 according to the third example are the same as those of the optical imaging modules 100 / 200 described above with respect to Figures 1-8, and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the array imaging module 1400 of the third example.

[0099] The array imaging module 1400 includes multiple optical imaging modules arranged along the y-direction. Each optical imaging module includes a first light deflection unit 1401, a second light deflection unit 1402, and a first conjugate imaging element 1403 as described above. For simplicity, Figure 14The figures only show the reference numerals for the components of one of the optical imaging modules. The first conjugate imaging element 1403 may be a two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector. Each optical imaging module of the array imaging module 1400 may also include a mirror 1405.

[0100] In the third example, the surface of the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector is coated with a semi-reflective, semi-transparent beam-splitting film. A beam of light from the object plane is deflected by the first light deflection unit 1401 and then enters the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector 1403. After being transmitted through the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector 1403 to the reflecting mirror 1405, and then reflected again by the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector 1403, it enters the second light deflection unit 1402. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit 1402, it propagates towards the first image plane 20. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the light beam from object point O converges at point O' on the first image plane 20 in both the x and y directions via the array imaging module 1400.

[0101] Fourth example

[0102] Figure 15A A schematic diagram of an optical imaging module 1510 according to a fourth example of the present invention is shown. Several details of the optical imaging module 1510 according to the fourth example are the same as those of the optical imaging modules 100 / 200 described above with respect to Figures 1-8, and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the optical imaging module 1510 of the fourth example.

[0103] The optical imaging module 1510 may include a first light deflection unit 1501, a second light deflection unit 1502, a first conjugate imaging element 1503, and a second conjugate imaging element 1504 as described above. The first conjugate imaging element 1503 may be a one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector, and the second conjugate imaging element 1504 may be a one-dimensional reflective retroreflector. The first conjugate imaging element 1503 may be obliquely disposed between the first light deflection unit 1501 and the second light deflection unit 1502. The optical axis A of the second conjugate imaging element 1504 may be perpendicular to the optical axis B of the first light deflection unit 1501 and the second light deflection unit 1502.

[0104] The optical imaging module 1510 may further include a reflective polarizing film 1505 and a half-wave plate 1506. The reflective polarizing film 1505 may be disposed between the first conjugate imaging element 1503 and the second light deflection unit 1502, and between the first conjugate imaging element 1503 and the second conjugate imaging element 1504. The half-wave plate 1506 may be disposed between the reflective polarizing film 1505 and the second conjugate imaging element 1504.

[0105] In the fourth example, the light beam from the object plane is deflected by the first light deflection unit 1501 and then enters the one-dimensional transmission retroreflector 1505. It is then transmitted through the one-dimensional transmission retroreflector 1503 and the reflective polarizing film 1506 to the one-dimensional reflection retroreflector 1504. After being reflected by the one-dimensional reflection retroreflector 1504, it is reflected again by the reflective polarizing film 1506 and enters the second light deflection unit 1502. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit 1502, it propagates towards the first image plane and the second image plane. For example... Figure 15A As shown, the polarization state of the light beam from the object surface can be configured as P-polarized (this invention is not limited to this; the light emitted from the object surface can also be natural light). The P-beam is converged in the y-direction by the one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector 1503, and after being transmitted by the reflective polarization film 1506, it illuminates the one-dimensional reflective retroreflector 1504. The P-beam is converted into S-beam twice by the half-wave plate 1506, reflected by the reflective polarization film 1506, and converged at point O on the first image plane in the y-direction by the array imaging module, while converging at point O' on the second image plane in the x-direction, as shown. Figure 15B As shown.

[0106] It should be noted that although the example array imaging module described above includes multiple identical optical imaging modules, the present invention is not limited thereto. The array imaging module may also include multiple different optical imaging modules. In some embodiments of the present invention, the array imaging module may include at least two of the various different optical imaging modules described above (e.g., the optical imaging modules in the first example, second example, third example, and fourth example).

[0107] Fifth example

[0108] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of an array imaging module 1600 according to a fifth example of the present invention is shown. Several details of the optical imaging module in the array imaging module 1600 according to the fifth example are the same as those of the optical imaging modules 100 / 200 described above with respect to Figures 1-8, and will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the special features of the array imaging module 1500 of the fifth example.

[0109] The array imaging module 1500 may include a first optical imaging module 1610, a second optical imaging module 1620, and a third optical imaging module 1630 arranged along the y-direction. Adjacent optical imaging modules may share the same optical elements. For example, optical imaging module 1610 may be the optical imaging module in the third example described above (using a two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector), and optical imaging modules 1620 and 1630 may be the optical imaging modules in the first example described above (using a two-dimensional reflective retroreflector). Figure 16As shown, optical imaging module 1610 and optical imaging module 1620 can share the same reflector 1612, while optical imaging module 1620 and optical imaging module 1630 can share the same two-dimensional reflective retroreflector 1623. In this way, optical components can be shared, which helps to reduce the number of optical components required for array imaging module 1600, thereby further reducing costs.

[0110] If there is a gap between adjacent optical imaging modules in the array imaging module, gaps will appear in the suspended image formed on the first image plane 20 at certain viewing angles. To minimize the gaps in the suspended image, the gap between adjacent optical imaging modules in the array imaging module needs to be set as small as possible. In some embodiments of the present invention, the distance between the first light-deflecting units of adjacent optical imaging modules in any of the array imaging modules described above is less than a preset threshold, which helps to reduce the gap width in the suspended image of the first image plane 20. Preferably, the gap between the first light-deflecting units of adjacent optical imaging modules can be equal to the aperture of the first light-deflecting unit, that is, the first light-deflecting units of adjacent optical imaging modules are close to each other, which helps to achieve a seamless suspended image.

[0111] It is understandable that, considering process tolerances, small gaps are inevitable between adjacent optical imaging modules in actual production. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the array imaging module may further include a grating plate 170, disposed between the optical imaging module and the image plane, such as... Figure 17A As shown. The grating plate 170 can have equally spaced light-shielding strips. In this way, the visual effect of the suspended image can appear seamless. Figure 17B As shown, a grating plate can screen-print uniform black stripes. When the spacing of the black stripes is relatively small (e.g., around 200µm) and they are evenly arranged, it helps to eliminate gaps in the floating image. The grating stripes can also be directly screen-printed on the light deflection unit array, forming an integrated structure with the light deflection unit array.

[0112] In some embodiments of the present invention, the spaces between the components in any of the optical imaging modules described above can be filled with a medium having a refractive index greater than 1. Typically, conjugate imaging elements, polarizing beam splitters, and reflective films are functional microstructures or films fabricated on a specific medium material, thereby enabling physical positioning in space. For example, a polarizing beam splitter needs to be attached to a glass / plastic substrate, and a reflective grating needs to have reflective microstructures formed on a glass / plastic flat plate. The presence of these medium materials inevitably creates certain gaps, hindering the transmission of light within these medium spaces, resulting in gaps in the array imaging module display. To achieve a seamless floating display, adhesive with a refractive index similar to or close to that of the substrate material can be used to fill the spaces between the components in the entire array optical module. After UV or thermal curing, the adhesive becomes solid, thus forming the entire array optical assembly into a flat plate structure with a consistent and uniform refractive index, with functional films or microstructures distributed at specific locations within the flat plate. This enables a seamless floating display, and forming the array optical assembly into a single flat plate structure facilitates assembly with the display module.

[0113] The present invention also provides a floating display device. Figure 18 A schematic block diagram of a floating display device 1800 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0114] The levitated display device 1800 may include an array imaging module 1810 and a display module 1820. The display module 1820 has an image display surface and emits display light constituting an initial image from the display surface. The display module 1820 may employ a direct light emission display method or an indirect projection method to display or project an image onto the display surface. In some embodiments, the display module 1820 may include one or more displays. The array imaging module 1810 is arranged optically downstream of the display module 1820 to receive the display light and has an object plane 10 and an image plane 20 / 30. The array imaging module 1810 may be any of the various array imaging modules described above. The object plane 10 may be arranged at the display surface of the display module 1820 to receive the original light constituting the initial image, which is then modulated by the array imaging module 1810 to form a levitated image (also referred to as an aerial image) at the image plane 20 / 30 in the air. Alternatively, it is conceivable that one or more relay optical systems may exist between the display module 1820 and the array imaging module 1810, which can image the display surface of the display module 1820 onto the object plane of the array imaging module 1810; in this case, the object plane of the array imaging module 1810 may be located at the image plane of the display surface of the display module 1820 imaged by one or more relay optical systems.

[0115] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a multilayer display device is also provided.

[0116] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of a multilayer display device 1900 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0117] The multilayer display device 1900 may include the aforementioned suspended display device 1800 and transparent display device 1910. The transparent display device 1910 may be disposed on the light-emitting side (downstream optically) of the suspended display device 1800. The display surface of the transparent display device 1910 is located at a different position from the suspended image surface 20 / 30 of the suspended display device 1800, specifically between the suspended image surface 20 / 30 and the suspended display device 1800. The transparent display component 200 may have high transmittance, such as a transparent OLED / LED / LCD display or a film (slide). The transparent display device 1910 may also obtain an image by micro-projection through a transparent film (with a haze of less than 5%) placed in front of the suspended display device 1800. Figure 20 As shown. Alternatively, the transparent film can be angularly selective in its light transmission, scattering large-angle light (projected image) and allowing small-angle light to pass through directly (suspended image).

[0118] The above describes a multi-layer display device 1900 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The multi-layer display device 1900 has a display surface 1 and a display surface 2. A floating display device 1800 can form a floating image on the display surface 1 (image surface 20 / 30), and a transparent display device 1910 can display different information on the display surface 2. In this way, secondary information can be displayed on the display surface 2, while important information is presented on the display surface 1, thereby improving the efficiency and experience of information acquisition. Alternatively, images of the same size can be displayed on both the display surface 1 and the display surface 2. By utilizing the differences in light and color caused by the varying distances of objects from the viewer, the images of objects can be superimposed to create a sense of depth, thus achieving naked-eye 3D display, such as... Figure 21 As shown.

[0119] Optionally, the display module 1820 can also be a glasses-free 3D display, which can be a multi-viewpoint free-view stereoscopic display or a light field display. For example... Figure 22A As shown, a typical glasses-free 3D display consists of a flat panel display and micro-optical units, which can be microlenses or slit gratings. The flat panel display generates a parallax image, which is then sent to the observer's left and right eyes respectively after passing through the micro-optical units. Utilizing the binocular parallax effect of the human eye, a stereoscopic effect is created. Figure 22BAs shown, point a1 on display module 1820 enters the right eye, and point a2 enters the left eye. Due to the principle of binocular parallax, the human eye sees point a, which is in front of the screen. Point b1 on the display enters the right eye, and point b2 enters the left eye. Due to the principle of binocular parallax, the human eye sees point b, which is behind the screen. Both eyes see point c on the screen, thus perceiving point c as being on the screen. Therefore, the 3D image presented by a traditional naked-eye 3D display is a 3D image within a certain depth range in front of and behind the screen, with the screen as the depth center. Because the human eye focuses on the physical screen of the 3D display when viewing, it is impossible to perceive the 3D image floating in space, affecting the viewing experience.

[0120] The display module 1820 in this invention can employ a multi-viewpoint light field display, which effectively solves this problem. The screen of the multi-viewpoint / light field display is projected into space through the optical imaging module 120 of this invention, forming a suspended image surface. By displaying a parallax image on the multi-viewpoint / light field display, a 3D image can be formed in space with the suspended image surface as the depth center and within a certain range in front and behind. Figure 22C As shown, on the floating image surface, point a is in the foreground depth plane, point b is in the background depth plane, and point c is on the floating image surface of the display device. The resulting 3D image is completely floating in the air, providing a better 3D effect experience.

[0121] The display module 1820 in this invention can also be a two-dimensional light field display. Existing scattering screen suspension solutions, lacking vertical parallax, cannot be paired with a two-dimensional light field display to achieve full parallax 3D display in space. However, the array optical component 1810 in this invention can achieve full parallax suspension display in both horizontal and vertical directions. When paired with the two-dimensional light field display module 1820, the central depth plane of the two-dimensional light field display module 1820 can be displayed at a distance from the entire optical module, increasing the sense of light field 3D display escaping the screen. This allows the entire 3D image to be displayed suspended in the air, providing a more stunning stereoscopic effect, while also enabling fully immersive and interactive 3D content.

[0122] The optical imaging module, array imaging module, levitation display device, and multilayer display device according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. The advantages of the present invention are: 1) The optical imaging module has no aberrations or only minor astigmatism; 2) The optical imaging module has a simple structure, and the required optical components are small in size, easy to manufacture, and can effectively reduce costs; 3) Different sizes of levitation displays can be achieved by using display modules of specific sizes and a specific number of optical imaging modules as needed, which is beneficial for realizing large-size levitation displays; 4) The optical imaging module is designed once, and the corresponding number of optical imaging modules can be used to seamlessly stitch the levitation image according to the required levitation image size, without the need to design different optical imaging modules for different levitation image sizes; 5) The levitation display device has a small thickness, achieving lightweight and thin design; 6) Compared with the solution using a scattering screen, it achieves full parallax levitation display in both horizontal and vertical directions, improving imaging quality and enabling greater spatial depth display. Using this levitation display device to realize the light field reconstruction of the display module in mid-air is a three-dimensional light field display technology.

[0123] It should be understood that the above description is illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above embodiments (and / or aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Furthermore, many modifications can be made to adapt particular conditions or materials to the teachings of the various embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. While the dimensions and types of materials described herein are used to define parameters of the various embodiments of the invention, the embodiments are not intended to be restrictive but are exemplary. Many other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of the various embodiments of the invention should be determined by reference to the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

Claims

1. An optical imaging module, the optical imaging module comprising: A deflecting light group includes at least a first light deflecting unit and a second light deflecting unit arranged parallel to each other, wherein the deflecting light group modulates light only in a first direction; as well as The first conjugate imaging element is located in the optical path between the first light-reflecting unit and the second light-reflecting unit, and the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the first light-reflecting unit is substantially equal to the optical path between the first conjugate imaging element and the second light-reflecting unit. The optical imaging module is configured to converge a beam of light from a point on the object surface onto the first image surface in the first direction. in The first conjugate imaging element is a one-dimensional conjugate imaging element used to converge light rays in the first direction. The first light deflection unit, the second light deflection unit, and the one-dimensional conjugate imaging element cooperate to converge light beams from points on the object surface in the first direction onto a first image surface. The optical imaging module further includes a second conjugate imaging element, which is used to converge light beams from points on the object surface in a second direction onto a second image surface different from the first image surface; or The first conjugate imaging element is a two-dimensional conjugate imaging element. The first light deflection unit, the second light deflection unit, and the two-dimensional conjugate imaging element cooperate to converge the light beam from a point on the object surface onto the first image surface in the first direction. The two-dimensional conjugate imaging element is used to converge the light beam from a point on the object surface onto the first image surface in the second direction. The first direction and the second direction are respectively orthogonal to the principal optical axis of the optical imaging module.

2. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first light deflection unit is the aperture stop of the optical imaging module in the first direction.

3. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit are configured such that the image height of the optical imaging module in the first direction is equal to the object height in the first direction.

4. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit are the same lens.

5. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first light deflection unit is a lens with an f# greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 6.

6. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the light deflection unit is D, and the distance between the second light deflection unit and the first light deflection unit is greater than or equal to 2D.

7. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the optical path, the distance between the first conjugate imaging element and the first light deflection unit is less than or equal to the focal length of the first light deflection unit.

8. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element are one-dimensional reflective retroreflectors, wherein the microstructure units of the first conjugate imaging element and the microstructure units of the second conjugate imaging element are orthogonally arranged.

9. The optical imaging module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element are arranged in parallel relative to each other, and the optical axes of the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element are perpendicular to the optical axes of the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

10. The optical imaging module as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The optical imaging module further includes a beam splitter. The light beam from the object surface is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the beam splitter. After being reflected by the beam splitter, it enters the first conjugate imaging element. After being reflected by the first conjugate imaging element, it is transmitted through the beam splitter and enters the second conjugate imaging element. After being reflected by the second conjugate imaging element, it is reflected by the beam splitter and then enters the second light deflection unit. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit, it propagates toward the first image plane and the second image plane.

11. The optical imaging module as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The beam splitter is obliquely disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element, and between the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

12. The optical imaging module as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The beam-splitting element includes: Polarizing beam splitter; A first phase retardation film is disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the polarization beam splitter; and A second phase retardation film is disposed between the second conjugate imaging element and the polarization beam splitter.

13. The optical imaging module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two-dimensional conjugate imaging element is a two-dimensional reflective retroreflector. The optical imaging module also includes a beam splitter and a reflector. The light beam from the object surface is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the beam splitter. After being reflected by the beam splitter, it is reflected to the reflector. After being reflected by the reflector, it is transmitted through the beam splitter and enters the first conjugate imaging element. After being reflected by the first conjugate imaging element and then reflected by the beam splitter, it enters the second light deflection unit. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit, it propagates toward the first image plane.

14. The optical imaging module as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The beam splitter is obliquely disposed between the reflector and the first conjugate imaging element and between the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit, and the optical axes of the reflector and the first conjugate imaging element are perpendicular to the optical axes of the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

15. The optical imaging module as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The beam-splitting element includes: Polarizing beam splitter; A first phase retardation film is disposed between the reflector and the polarizing beam splitter; and A second phase retardation film is disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the polarization beam splitter.

16. The optical imaging module as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The two-dimensional conjugate imaging element is a two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector. The optical imaging module also includes a reflector. The light beam from the object surface is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector. After being transmitted through the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector to the reflector, it is reflected by the reflector and then reflected again by the two-dimensional transmissive retroreflector before entering the second light deflection unit. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit, it propagates toward the first image plane.

17. The optical imaging module as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first conjugate imaging element is a one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector, and the second conjugate imaging element is a one-dimensional reflective retroreflector. The first conjugate imaging element is obliquely disposed between the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit, and the optical axis of the second conjugate imaging element is perpendicular to the optical axes of the first light deflection unit and the second light deflection unit.

18. The optical imaging module as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that, The optical imaging module also includes: A reflective polarizing film is disposed between the first conjugate imaging element and the second light deflection unit, and between the first conjugate imaging element and the second conjugate imaging element; and A phase retardation film is disposed between the reflective polarizing film and the second conjugate imaging element. The light beam from the object surface is deflected by the first light deflection unit and then enters the one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector. After being transmitted through the one-dimensional transmissive retroreflector to the one-dimensional reflective retroreflector, it is reflected by the one-dimensional reflective retroreflector and then reflected by the reflective polarizing film before entering the second light deflection unit. After being deflected by the second light deflection unit, it propagates toward the first image plane and the second image plane.

19. An array imaging module, comprising: Multiple optical imaging modules as described in any one of claims 1-18 are arranged in an array along the first direction.

20. The array imaging module as described in claim 19, characterized in that, The distance between the first light deflection units of adjacent optical imaging modules is less than a preset threshold.

21. The array imaging module as described in claim 19, characterized in that, Adjacent optical imaging modules share optical elements.

22. The array imaging module as described in claim 19, characterized in that, The array imaging module also includes a grating plate disposed between the optical imaging module and the first image plane, wherein the grating plate has light-shielding strips at equal intervals.

23. A floating display device, comprising: The display module is configured to emit display light that constitutes the target image; as well as The array imaging module as described in any one of claims 19-22; The display light emitted from the display module passes through the array imaging module to form a floating image at the first image plane and the second image plane, or at the first image plane.

24. The floating display device as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that, The display module is a three-dimensional display.

25. A multilayer display device, comprising: The floating display device as described in claim 23 or 24; as well as A transparent display device is disposed downstream of the optical path of the suspended display device, wherein the display surface of the transparent display device is located at a different position from the suspended image.

26. The multilayer display device as described in claim 25, characterized in that, The transparent display device includes a transparent display or is implemented by projecting an image onto a transparent film.

Images