Base station antenna

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and provides a base station antenna, including a reflector, a decoupling unit and a plurality of radiating units, the plurality of radiating units are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector, and the decoupling unit is located above the plurality of radiating units; the decoupling unit includes a substrate and a plurality of decoupling components, and the decoupling components are arranged one by one with the radiating units; the decoupling components include a first decoupling member, a second decoupling member and a third decoupling member; the radiating unit includes two orthogonal radiators; the first decoupling member includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators; the extension direction of the second decoupling member is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the second decoupling member extends in the column direction; the third decoupling member is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the third decoupling member extends in the row direction. The base station antenna provided by the present application has a low cost of the decoupling unit in the base station antenna and the decoupling unit has a good decoupling effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing requirements for transmission rate and transmission capacity in the communication process, base station antennas based on MIMO technology are being used more and more widely.

[0003] Base station antennas can improve data transmission rate and transmission capacity, and can reduce interference to neighboring cells. Base station antennas include multiple radiating units. As the transmission rate and transmission capacity of base station antennas increase, the number of radiating units in base station antennas increases. However, due to the limitations of installation space and fixing methods, the outer dimensions of base station antennas are difficult to increase, making the spacing between radiating units smaller and smaller. The reduced spacing between radiating units makes the electromagnetic interference between radiating units more and more intense. In related technologies, a decoupling structure can be set above the radiating unit to reduce the electromagnetic interference between radiating units. The cost of a partial decoupling structure is high, and the decoupling effect of a partial decoupling structure is poor.

[0004] In the related art, it is difficult for the decoupling structure in the base station antenna to solve both the problems of high cost and poor decoupling effect at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a base station antenna, in which a decoupling unit has low cost and good decoupling effect.

[0006] The present application provides a base station antenna, comprising a reflector, a decoupling unit and a plurality of radiating units, wherein the plurality of radiating units are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector, and the decoupling unit is located above the plurality of radiating units; the decoupling unit comprises a substrate and a plurality of decoupling components located on the substrate, and the decoupling components are arranged one-to-one with the radiating units; the decoupling components comprise a first decoupling component, a second decoupling component and a third decoupling component; the radiating unit comprises two orthogonal radiators;

[0007] The first decoupling component includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators; the extension direction of the second decoupling component forms an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the second decoupling component extends along the column direction; the third decoupling component forms an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the third decoupling component extends along the row direction.

[0008] In a possible implementation, in the base station antenna provided by the present application, the number of second decoupling components in each decoupling assembly is two, and the two second decoupling components are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component along the row direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the row direction share the second decoupling component.

[0009] In a possible implementation, in the base station antenna provided by the present application, the number of third decoupling components in each decoupling assembly is two, and the two third decoupling components are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component along the column direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the column direction share the third decoupling component.

[0010] In a possible implementation, in the base station antenna provided in the present application, the decoupling arm, the second decoupling component and the third decoupling component all include a plurality of metal sheets, the metal sheets are square, and the side length of the metal sheets is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the radiator.

[0011] In a possible implementation, in the base station antenna provided in the present application, the spacing between the decoupling unit and the radiation unit is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the base station antenna provided in the present application, the radiator includes a radiating arm and an extension arm, the radiating arm is rectangular, and the extension arm extends along the diagonal of the radiating arm so that the side length of the radiating unit is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength.

[0013] In a possible implementation manner, the base station antenna provided in the present application further includes a metal baffle, and the metal baffle is located between two adjacent radiation units along the row direction.

[0014] In a possible embodiment, the base station antenna provided in the present application, the radiation unit also includes two feeding elements, the base station antenna also includes a base plate, the base plate is located below the reflection plate, and a coaxial cable is provided on the base plate, one end of the feeding element passes through the reflection plate and is connected to the coaxial cable, and the other end of the feeding element is connected to the radiator to feed the radiator.

[0015] In a possible implementation manner, in the base station antenna provided by the present application, the radiation unit further includes a balun, and the balun is used to shield the coupling between the two feeding elements.

[0016] In a possible implementation, in the base station antenna provided in the present application, the radiation unit further includes a base, and the balun is connected to the reflector via the base.

[0017] The present application provides a base station antenna, which is provided with a reflector, a decoupling unit and a plurality of radiating units, wherein the plurality of radiating units are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector, and the decoupling unit is located above the plurality of radiating units; the decoupling unit includes a substrate and a plurality of decoupling components located on the substrate, and the decoupling components are arranged one by one with the radiating units. The decoupling unit is a single-layer printed circuit board, so that the cost of the decoupling unit is relatively low. The decoupling component includes a first decoupling component, a second decoupling component and a third decoupling component; and the radiating unit includes two orthogonal radiators. The first decoupling component includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators, so that the first decoupling component has good in-column and in-column polarization isolation; the extension direction of the second decoupling component is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the second decoupling component extends along the column direction, and the second decoupling component can further improve the in-column polarization isolation and the in-column polarization isolation; the third decoupling component is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the third decoupling component extends along the row direction, and the third decoupling component has good in-column polarization isolation. Therefore, according to the polarization direction of the radiator in the radiating unit, the arrangement mode of the first decoupling component, the second decoupling component and the third decoupling component in the decoupling component is set, so that the decoupling component has good in-column polarization isolation, different column polarization isolation and same column polarization isolation, and the decoupling component prevents mutual interference between adjacent radiating units from multiple directions, so that the decoupling component has a good decoupling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a decoupling unit in a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the decoupling effect of a decoupling unit in an antenna base station provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single decoupling component of a decoupling unit in a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation unit in a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 Comparison of the isolation between different columns and the same polarization in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 7 Comparison of the isolation between different columns and the same polarization in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 8 A comparison chart of the different-column and different-polarization isolation in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art;

[0027] Fig. 9 A comparison chart of the same-column different-polarization isolation in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art;

[0028] Fig.10 A side view of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.11 for Figure 5 Explosion diagram.

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 100- base station antenna;

[0032] 110-reflector;

[0033] 120-decoupling unit;

[0034] 121-Substrate;

[0035] 122-decoupling component; 1221-first decoupling member; 1221a-first decoupling arm; 1221b-second decoupling arm; 1222-second decoupling member; 1223-third decoupling member; 1224-metal sheet;

[0036] 130-radiation unit; 130a-first radiation unit; 130b-second radiation unit; 130c-third radiation unit;

[0037] 131-radiator; 1311-first radiator; 1312-second radiator; 1313-radiation arm; 1314-extension arm; 1315-parasitic branch;

[0038] 132-feeding element; 1321-insulating element;

[0039] 133-Barron;

[0040] 134- base;

[0041] 140- support member;

[0042] 150-Metal baffle;

[0043] 160- bottom plate;

[0044] C-column direction; C1-first column; C2-second column; C3-third column; C4-fourth column;

[0045] R-row direction; R1-first row; R2-second row; R3-third row; R4-fourth row;

[0046] P1 - first feeding point;

[0047] P2-second feeding point;

[0048] X1-first polarization direction;

[0049] X2-second polarization direction;

[0050] D1 - first spacing;

[0051] L1-first side length;

[0052] L2 - second side length. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0056] The terms "first", "second", "third" (if any) in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example.

[0057] In addition, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or service tool that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or service tool.

[0058] With the increasing requirements for transmission rate and capacity in the communication process, base station antennas based on MIMO technology are increasingly widely used. MIMO (Multiple-input Multiple-Ouput) technology refers to the use of multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas at the transmitting end and receiving end respectively, so that signals are transmitted and received through multiple antennas at the transmitting end and receiving end, thereby improving the transmission rate and capacity.

[0059] Base station antennas can improve data transmission rate and transmission capacity, and can reduce interference to neighboring cells. Base station antennas include multiple radiating units. As the transmission rate and transmission capacity of base station antennas increase, the number of radiating units in base station antennas increases. However, due to the limitations of installation space and fixing methods, the outer dimensions of base station antennas are difficult to increase, making the spacing between radiating units smaller and smaller. The reduced spacing between radiating units makes the electromagnetic interference between radiating units more and more intense. In related technologies, a decoupling structure can be set above the radiating unit to reduce the electromagnetic interference between radiating units.

[0060] In the first related art, the decoupling structure includes multiple decoupling layers, which are stacked on the radiation unit, and each decoupling layer is provided with a decoupling member, and the structure and arrangement direction of the decoupling members in each decoupling layer are different, so as to reduce the electromagnetic interference between the radiation units. The multiple decoupling layers are provided in the decoupling structure, and different decoupling members are provided in each decoupling layer, so that the processing of the decoupling structure is complicated, the cost in the processing process is high, and the cost of the decoupling structure is high.

[0061] In the related technology 2, the decoupling structure includes a decoupling layer, in which a decoupling element is arranged. The arrangement of a decoupling layer makes the cost of the decoupling structure lower, but the ability of the decoupling structure to reduce electromagnetic interference is relatively small, so that the decoupling effect of the decoupling structure is poor.

[0062] Therefore, it is difficult for the decoupling structure in the base station antenna to solve both the high cost and the poor decoupling effect at the same time.

[0063] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a base station antenna, in which a decoupling unit has a low cost and has a good decoupling effect.

[0064] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a decoupling unit in a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the decoupling effect of a decoupling unit in an antenna base station provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single decoupling component of a decoupling unit in a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation unit in a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] See also Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the base station antenna 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a reflector 110, a decoupling unit 120 and a plurality of radiating units 130, the plurality of radiating units 130 are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector 110, and the decoupling unit 120 is located above the plurality of radiating units 130; the decoupling unit 120 includes a substrate 121 and a plurality of decoupling components 122 located on the substrate 121, and the decoupling components 122 are arranged one by one with the radiating units 130; the decoupling component 122 includes a first decoupling member 1221, a second decoupling member 1222 and a second decoupling member 1222. The coupling element 1222 and the third decoupling element 1223; the radiation unit 130 includes two orthogonal radiators 131; the first decoupling element 1221 includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators 131; the extension direction of the second decoupling element 1222 is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the second decoupling element 1222 extends along the column direction C; the third decoupling element 1223 is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the third decoupling element 1223 extends along the row direction R.

[0066] Specifically, the reflector 110 is used to support multiple radiation units 130 and reflect the electromagnetic waves of the radiation units 130 to prevent the electromagnetic waves of the radiation units 130 from leaking from one side of the reflector 110. Multiple radiation units 130 are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector 110, where the row direction is represented by R and the column direction is represented by C. In the embodiment of the present application, the radiation units 130 in the base station antenna 100 are four rows by four columns. The four rows are the first row R1, the second row R2, the third row R3 and the fourth row R4, and the four columns are the first column C1, the second column C2, the third column C3 and the fourth column C4. Among them, in Figure 1 Only four radiation units 130 in the first row R1 and four decoupling components 122 corresponding to the radiation units 130 are shown. Figure 2 FIG. 1 shows four rows by four columns of decoupling components 122. Figure 3 Four rows by four columns of radiating elements 130 are shown in FIG. Figure 3 In FIG. 1 , two orthogonal lines represent two radiators 131 in the radiation unit 130 .

[0067] The electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation units 130 in each row may interfere with the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation units 130 in other rows. For example, the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiation units 130 in the second row R2 may interfere with the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiation units 130 in the first row R1 and the third row R3. The electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation units 130 in each column may interfere with the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation units 130 in other columns. For example, the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiation units 130 in the second column C2 may interfere with the electromagnetic waves generated by the radiation units 130 in the first column C1 and the third column C3.

[0068] Please continue to see Figure 5 As shown, each radiation unit 130 includes two orthogonal radiators 131, which are respectively shown as a first radiator 1311 and a second radiator 1312. A first polarization direction X1 of the first radiator 1311 and a second polarization direction X2 of the second radiator 1312 are orthogonal.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present application, the decoupling unit 120 is provided to reduce the mutual interference between the radiation units 130 or reduce the interference between the first radiator 1311 and the second radiator 1312 in the radiation unit 130 .

[0070] Please continue to see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the decoupling unit 120 may be a single-layer printed circuit board located above the multiple radiation units 130. The decoupling unit 120 includes a substrate 121 and a decoupling component 122 located on the substrate 121. The substrate of the substrate 121 is the substrate of the printed circuit board, and the decoupling component 122 may be a metal layer on the substrate 121. The cost and processing difficulty of the printed circuit board are determined by the number of layers of the printed circuit board. In the embodiment of the present application, the decoupling unit 120 is a single-layer printed circuit board. Compared with the multi-layer decoupling structure provided in the related art, the cost of the decoupling unit 120 in the base station antenna 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application is relatively low. Among them, the substrate 121 can be fixed on the reflector 110 through the support 140.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the decoupling component 122 is arranged according to the structure of the radiator 131 , so that the decoupling unit 120 has a better decoupling effect.

[0072] Specifically, select Figure 3A radiation unit 130 in the first column C1 is identified as the first radiation unit 130a, and Figure 3 Taking a radiation unit 130 in the second column C2 as the second radiation unit 130b as an example, the decoupling process of the decoupling component 122 is described. The decoupling component 122 is only shown on the first radiation unit 130.

[0073] First, the working process of the first decoupling element 1221 is described.

[0074] See also Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the first decoupling element 1221 is provided with two orthogonal decoupling arms, namely a first decoupling arm 1221a and a second decoupling arm 1221b. The extension direction of the first decoupling arm 1221a is the same as the first polarization direction X1, and the extension direction of the second decoupling arm 1221b is the same as the second polarization direction X2.

[0075] Since the extension direction of the first decoupling arm 1221a is the same as the first polarization direction X1, the first radiator 1311 in the first radiating unit 130a emits a first electromagnetic wave, and the first decoupling arm 1221a located above the first radiating unit 130a reflects part of the first electromagnetic wave, and the reflected first electromagnetic wave can offset part of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating unit 130b. In this way, the interference of the first electromagnetic wave emitted by the first radiator 1311 in the first radiating unit 130a on the first radiating unit 130b can be reduced.

[0076] The first radiation unit 130a and the second radiation unit 130b are located in different columns, and the polarization direction of the first radiator 1311 in the first radiation unit 130a is the same as that of the first radiator 1311 in the second radiation unit 130b. The ability of the first decoupling arm 1221a to reduce the interference caused by the first radiator 1311 in the first radiation unit 130a to the first radiator 1311 in the second radiation unit 130b is called the different-column co-polarization isolation. By making the first decoupling arm 1221a in the first decoupling element 1221 the same as the first polarization direction X1, the decoupling component 122 has a good different-column co-polarization isolation.

[0077] The process of the second decoupling arm 1221 b forming the different-column co-polarization isolation is the same as the process of the first decoupling arm 1221 a forming the different-column co-polarization isolation, which will not be described in detail here.

[0078] Since the extension direction of the first decoupling arm 1221a is orthogonal to the second polarization direction X2, the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating unit 130a emits a second electromagnetic wave, and the first decoupling arm 1221a located above the first radiating unit 130a reflects part of the second electromagnetic wave, and the reflected second electromagnetic wave can also offset part of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the first radiator 1311 in the second radiating unit 130b. In this way, the interference of the first electromagnetic wave emitted by the second radiator 1312 in the first radiating unit 130a on the first radiating unit 130b can be reduced.

[0079] The first radiation unit 130a and the second radiation unit 130b are located in different columns, and the second radiator 1312 in the first radiation unit 130a and the first radiator 1311 in the second radiation unit 130b have different polarization directions. The ability of the first decoupling arm 1221a to reduce the interference caused by the second radiator 1312 in the first radiation unit 130a to the first radiator 1311 in the second radiation unit 130b is called different-column different-polarization isolation. By making the first decoupling arm 1221a in the first decoupling member 1221 orthogonal to the second polarization direction X2, the decoupling component 122 has better different-column different-polarization isolation.

[0080] The process of forming the different-column different-polarization isolation by the second decoupling arm 1221 b is the same as the process of forming the different-column different-polarization isolation by the first decoupling arm 1221 a , which will not be described in detail here.

[0081] Then, the working process of the second decoupling element 1222 is described.

[0082] Please continue to see Figures 2 to 4 As shown, since the extension direction of the second decoupling element 1222 forms an angle of 45° with both the first polarization direction X1 and the second polarization direction X2 and the second decoupling element 1222 extends along the column direction C, that is, the second decoupling element 1222 can reduce the mutual interference between the radiation units 130 in different columns. Specifically, the electromagnetic waves reflected by the second decoupling element 1222 located above the first radiation unit 130a can offset part of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first radiator 1311 and the second radiator 1312 in the second radiation unit 130b, thereby further improving the same-polarization isolation of different columns and the different-polarization isolation of different columns.

[0083] Finally, the working process of the third decoupling element 1223 is described.

[0084] Please continue to see Figures 2 to 4As shown, since the third decoupling element 1223 forms an angle of 45° with the first polarization direction X1 and the second polarization direction X2 and the third decoupling element 1223 extends along the row direction R, that is, the third decoupling element 1223 can reduce mutual interference between radiation units 130 in different rows.

[0085] Please continue to see Figure 3 As shown, a radiation unit in the second row R2 is selected as the third radiation unit 130c. The third decoupling element 1223 located above the first radiation unit 130a can prevent the first radiator 1311 in the first radiation unit 130a from interfering with the second radiator 1312 in the third radiation unit 130c, or can prevent the second radiator 1312 in the first radiation unit 130a from interfering with the first radiator 1311 in the third radiation unit 130c.

[0086] It should be noted that, in the radiation units 130 of the same column, the first radiator 1311 is connected to the same feeding point, and the second radiator 1312 is connected to another feeding point, for example, Figure 4 In the embodiment, the first radiators 1311 in all the radiating units 130 in the first column C1 are connected to the first feeding point P1, and the second radiators 1312 in all the radiating units 130 in the first column C1 are connected to the second feeding point P2. That is to say, in different radiating units 130 in the same column, the first radiators 1311 do not need to be anti-interfered with each other, and the second radiators 1312 do not need to be anti-interfered with each other.

[0087] The first radiation unit 130a and the third radiation unit 130c are located in the same column, and the first radiator 1311 in the first radiation unit 130a and the second radiator 1312 in the third radiation unit 130c have different polarization directions (or the second radiator 1312 in the first radiation unit 130a and the first radiator 1311 in the third radiation unit 130c have different polarization directions). The third decoupling element 1223 can reduce the ability of the first radiator 1311 in the first radiation unit 130a to interfere with the second radiator 1312 in the third radiation unit 130c (or can reduce the ability of the second radiator 1312 in the first radiation unit 130a to interfere with the first radiator 1311 in the third radiation unit 130c), which is called the same-column different-polarization isolation. By making the third decoupling element 1223 form an angle of 45° with the first polarization direction X1 and the second polarization direction X2 and extending along the row direction R, the decoupling component 122 can have better same-column different-polarization isolation.

[0088] The decoupling component 122 in the decoupling unit 120 provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured to arrange the first decoupling component 1221, the second decoupling component 1222 and the third decoupling component 1223 in the decoupling component 122 according to the polarization direction in the radiation unit 130, so that the decoupling component 122 has good in-column same-polarization isolation, in-column different-polarization isolation and in-column different-polarization isolation. The decoupling component 122 prevents adjacent radiation units from interfering with each other from multiple directions, so that the decoupling component 122 has a good decoupling effect.

[0089] Figure 6 Comparison of the isolation between different columns and the same polarization in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art Figure 1 ; Figure 7 Comparison of the isolation between different columns and the same polarization in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art Figure 2 ; Figure 8 A comparison chart of the different-column and different-polarization isolation in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art; Fig. 9 A comparison chart of the same-column polarization isolation of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application and the related art. Figures 6 to 9 The horizontal axis represents the frequency range of the electromagnetic wave, and the vertical axis represents the isolation degree. The larger the absolute value of the vertical axis, the greater the isolation degree. The WI ADS curve represents the decoupling structure provided in the embodiment of the present application (with Antenna Decoupling surface), and the WO ADS represents the decoupling structure provided in the embodiment of the present application (without Antenna Decoupling surface).

[0090] See also Figures 5 to 8 As shown, by setting the decoupling structure provided in the embodiment of the application, the different-column same-polarization isolation, different-column different-polarization isolation and same-column different-polarization isolation of the base station antenna in the operating frequency range (1.71GHz-2.170GHz) are all greater than those in the related art, and the decoupling unit 120 has a better decoupling effect.

[0091] The base station antenna 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a reflector 110, a decoupling unit 120 and a plurality of radiating units 130, wherein the plurality of radiating units 130 are arranged in rows and columns on the reflector 110, and the decoupling unit 120 is located above the plurality of radiating units 130; the decoupling unit 120 includes a substrate 121 and a plurality of decoupling components 122 located on the substrate 121, and the decoupling components 122 are arranged one by one corresponding to the radiating units 130. The decoupling unit 120 is a single-layer printed circuit board, so that the cost of the decoupling unit 120 is relatively low. The decoupling component 122 includes a first decoupling component 1221, a second decoupling component 1222 and a third decoupling component 1223; and the radiating unit 130 includes two orthogonal radiators 131. The first decoupling component 1221 includes two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators 131, so that the first decoupling component 1221 has good in-column same-polarization isolation and different-column different-polarization isolation; the extension direction of the second decoupling component 1222 is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the second decoupling component 1222 extends along the column direction C, and the second decoupling component 1222 can further improve the different-column same-polarization isolation and different-column different-polarization isolation; the third decoupling component 1223 is at an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the third decoupling component 1223 extends along the row direction R, and the third decoupling component 1223 has good in-column different-polarization isolation. Therefore, according to the polarization direction of the radiator 131 in the radiation unit 130, the arrangement of the first decoupling component 1221, the second decoupling component 1222 and the third decoupling component 1223 in the decoupling component 122 is set, so that the decoupling component 122 has good different-column same-polarization isolation, different-column different-polarization isolation and same-column different-polarization isolation. The decoupling component 122 prevents adjacent radiation units from interfering with each other from multiple directions, so that the decoupling component 122 has a good decoupling effect.

[0092] Please continue to see Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, there are two second decoupling elements 1222 in each decoupling assembly 122 , and the two second decoupling elements 1222 are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling element 1221 along the row direction R, so that two adjacent radiation units 130 along the row direction R share the second decoupling element 1222 .

[0093] exist Figure 2 In the figure, a decoupling component 122 is framed by a dotted line, and a first decoupling component 1221 and a second decoupling component 1222 are arranged on the substrate 121 along the row direction R, wherein the first decoupling component 1221 is aligned with the radiation unit 130, and only one second decoupling component 1222 is required to be arranged between two adjacent first decoupling components 1221, so that the structure of the decoupling unit 120 is simple and the cost of the decoupling unit 120 is low.

[0094] Please continue to see Figures 1 to 4As shown, there are two third decoupling elements 1223 in each decoupling assembly 122 , and the two third decoupling elements 1223 are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling element 1221 along the column direction C, so that two adjacent radiation units 130 along the column direction C share the third decoupling element 1223 .

[0095] The first decoupling element 1221 and the third decoupling element 1223 are arranged on the substrate 121 along the column direction C, wherein the first decoupling element 1221 is aligned with the radiation unit 130, and only one third decoupling element 1223 is required to be arranged between two adjacent first decoupling elements 1221, so that the structure of the decoupling unit 120 is simple and the cost of the decoupling unit 120 is low.

[0096] Please continue to see Figure 5 As shown, the decoupling arm, the second decoupling element 1222 and the third decoupling element 1223 all include a plurality of metal sheets 1224 . The metal sheets 1224 are square, and the side length of the metal sheets 1224 is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ of the radiator 131 .

[0097] The operating wavelength λ of the radiator 131 in the frequency range of 1.71GHz-2.170GHz can be 100mm-200mm. In order to avoid resonance between the electromagnetic waves reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation unit 130, it is necessary to make the size of the continuous patterns in the first decoupling arm 1221a, the second decoupling arm 1221b, the second decoupling component 1222 and the third decoupling component 1223 less than 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength λ.

[0098] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the first decoupling arm 1221a, the second decoupling arm 1221b, the second decoupling member 1222 and the third decoupling member 1223 are arranged on the substrate 121 to form a decoupling member composed of a plurality of square metal sheets 1224, and the length of the longest side of the metal sheet 1224 is the first side length L1, so that the first side length L1 is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ, thereby avoiding resonance between the electromagnetic waves reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radiation unit 130.

[0099] In addition, setting the first side length L1 of the metal sheet 1224 to be less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ can also make the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 close to the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130, thereby making the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130 better offset.

[0100] Fig.10 A side view of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0101] See also Fig.10 As shown, the distance between the decoupling unit 120 and the radiation unit 130 is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength λ.

[0102] The length of the support member 140 is greater than the height of the radiation unit 130 , so that a first distance D1 exists between the decoupling unit 120 supported by the support member 140 and the radiation unit 130 .

[0103] The length of the support member 140 is adjusted so that the first spacing D1 is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength λ. As a result, the phase difference between the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130 can be maintained at approximately 180°, so that the electromagnetic wave reflected by the decoupling component 122 and the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiation unit 130 can be better offset.

[0104] Please continue to see Figure 1 and Fig.10 As shown, the base station antenna 100 further includes a metal baffle 150 , and the metal baffle 150 is located between two adjacent radiation units 130 along the row direction R.

[0105] The metal baffle 150 extends along the column direction C. The metal baffle 150 can also reduce interference between radiation units 130 in different columns.

[0106] Next, the specific structure of the radiation unit 130 is described.

[0107] Fig.11 for Figure 5 Explosion diagram.

[0108] See also Figure 5 and Fig.11 As shown, the radiator 131 includes a radiating arm 1313 and an extending arm 1314 . The radiating arm 1313 is rectangular, and the extending arm 1314 extends along the diagonal line of the radiating arm 1313 , so that the side length of the radiating unit 130 is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength.

[0109] The first radiator 1311 and the second radiator 1312 include two radiating arms 1313 , and the radiating arms 1313 are rectangular. One radiating arm 1313 in the first radiator 1311 and one radiating arm 1313 in the second radiator 1312 form a side of the radiation unit 130 , and the side length of the side is the second side length L2 .

[0110] Each radiation arm 1313 is provided with an extension arm 1314 extending along the diagonal line of the radiation arm 1313, and the extension arm 1314 can extend the path of the current in the radiation arm 1313, so that the second side length L2 of the radiation unit 130 is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength λ, thereby reducing the volume occupied by the single radiation unit 130. In addition, each radiation arm 1313 is also provided with a parasitic branch 1315, and the parasitic branch 1315 can also extend the path of the current in the radiation arm 1313. In the case where the outer size of the base station antenna 100 is limited, reducing the volume occupied by a single radiation unit 130 can increase the distance between two adjacent radiation units 130, so as to reduce the interference between the two adjacent radiation units 130.

[0111] Please continue to see Figure 1 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the radiation unit 130 also includes two feeding elements 132, and the base station antenna 100 also includes a base plate 160, which is located below the reflection plate 110. A coaxial cable (not marked in the figure) is provided on the base plate 160, and one end of the feeding element 132 passes through the reflection plate 110 and is connected to the coaxial cable, and the other end of the feeding element 132 is connected to the radiator 131 to feed the radiator 131.

[0112] One of the feeders 132 is used to feed the first radiator 1311, and the other feeder 132 is used to feed the second radiator 1312. The feeders 132 feeding the first radiators 1311 in the same column of radiating units 130 are connected to the same coaxial cable on the bottom plate 160 (i.e., the first feeding point P1 described above), and the feeders 132 feeding the second radiators 1312 in the same column of radiating units 130 are connected to the same coaxial cable on the bottom plate 160 (i.e., the second feeding point P2 described above).

[0113] Please continue to see Figure 5 and Fig.11 As shown, the radiation unit 130 further includes a balun 133 , and the balun 133 is used to shield the coupling between the two feeding elements 132 .

[0114] The balun 133 can be integrally die-casted with the radiation arm 1313 , the feeder 132 is disposed in the balun 133 , and an insulating member 1321 is disposed on the feeder 132 to insulate the feeder 132 from the balun 133 . The balun 133 can reduce mutual interference between the two feeders 132 .

[0115] Please continue to see Figure 5 and Fig.11 As shown, the radiation unit 130 further includes a base 134 , and the balun 133 is connected to the reflection plate 110 via the base 134 .

[0116] The balun 133 is fixed on the base 134 , and thus connected to the reflection plate 110 through the base 134 .

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A base station antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a reflecting plate, a decoupling unit and a plurality of radiating units, wherein the plurality of radiating units are arranged in rows and columns on the reflecting plate, and the decoupling unit is located above the plurality of radiating units; the decoupling unit comprises a substrate and a plurality of decoupling components located on the substrate, and the decoupling components are arranged one by one corresponding to the radiating units; the decoupling components comprise a first decoupling member, a second decoupling member and a third decoupling member; and the radiating unit comprises two orthogonal radiators; The first decoupling component comprises two orthogonal decoupling arms, and the extension directions of the two decoupling arms are respectively consistent with the polarization directions of the two radiators; An extension direction of the second decoupling element forms an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the second decoupling element extends along a column direction; The third decoupling element forms an angle of 45° with the polarization direction and the third decoupling element extends along the row direction; The number of the second decoupling members in each of the decoupling components is two, and the two second decoupling members are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling member along the row direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the row direction share the second decoupling member; The number of the third decoupling components in each decoupling assembly is two, and the two third decoupling components are arranged on both sides of the first decoupling component along the column direction, so that two adjacent radiation units along the column direction share the third decoupling component; The decoupling arm, the second decoupling component and the third decoupling component each include a plurality of metal sheets, the metal sheets are square, and the side length of the metal sheets is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the radiator.

2. The base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the decoupling unit and the radiation unit is between 1 / 3 of the working wavelength and 1 / 4 of the working wavelength.

3. The base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator comprises a radiating arm and an extending arm, wherein the radiating arm is rectangular and the extending arm extends along a diagonal line of the radiating arm so that the side length of the radiating unit is less than 1 / 3 of the working wavelength.

4. The base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base station antenna further includes a metal baffle, and the metal baffle is located between two adjacent radiation units along the row direction.

5. The base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation unit also includes two feeding elements, and the base station antenna also includes a bottom plate, which is located below the reflecting plate. A coaxial cable is provided on the bottom plate, one end of the feeding element passes through the reflecting plate and is connected to the coaxial cable, and the other end of the feeding element is connected to the radiator to feed the radiator.

6. The base station antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The radiation unit further includes a balun, and the balun is used to shield the coupling between the two feeding elements.

7. The base station antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The radiation unit further includes a base, and the balun is connected to the reflection plate via the base.

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